Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transfers, redistribution

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Transfers, redistribution'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Transfers, redistribution"

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Debowicz, Dario, Alejandro Saporiti, and Yizhi Wang. "Redistribution, power sharing and inequality concern." Social Choice and Welfare 57, no. 2 (2021): 197–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00355-021-01310-5.

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AbstractWe analyze a political competition model of redistributive policies. We provide an equilibrium existence result and a full characterization of the net transfers to the different income groups. We also derive several testable predictions about the way in which the net group transfers and the after-tax Gini coefficient vary with the main parameters of the model. In accordance with the theory, the empirical evidence from a sample of developed and developing democracies supports a highly statistically significant association between: (i) the net group transfer and the gap between the popul
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Kyriacou, Andreas P., Leonel Muinelo-Gallo, and Oriol Roca-Sagalés. "Redistributive efficiency in 28 developed economies." Journal of European Social Policy 28, no. 4 (2017): 370–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0958928717739245.

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This article analyses the redistributive efficiency of social transfers and direct taxation in a panel of 28 developed economies during the period 1995–2010. In order to explore how redistribution is achieved through these fiscal policies, a two-stage approach is applied. First, we evaluate their redistributive efficiency – the degree of redistribution attained for a given level of transfers and taxes – using data envelopment analysis (DEA). We find lower redistributive efficiency in Southern Europe and the United States and higher efficiency levels in the Nordic and Central European countries
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Derlytsia, A. "REDISTRIBUTION AND JUSTICE: PHILOSOPHICAL FUNDAMENTALS AND VIEWS OF THE THEORY OF PUBLIC FINANCE." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 288, no. 6 (2020): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2020-288-6-13.

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The article considers the conceptual basis of redistribution as an economic phenomenon that occurs at different levels of the economic system (household, market, state). The types of redistributive effects are determined: market redistribution (provided by the price mechanism) and public redistribution (formed as a result of the functioning of the public sphere). Key attention is paid to social redistribution, which proposes to distinguish between fiscal (carried out through the system of public finance through taxation, transfers) and non-fiscal (arising from government actions that affect th
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Wickström, Bengt-Arne. "Transfers, collective goods, and redistribution." Journal of Economics 46, S1 (1986): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03051795.

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Gornick, Janet C., and Timothy M. Smeeding. "Redistributional Policy in Rich Countries: Institutions and Impacts in Nonelderly Households." Annual Review of Sociology 44, no. 1 (2018): 441–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041114.

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We review research on institutions of redistribution operating in high-income countries. Focusing on the nonelderly, we invoke the concept of the household income package, which includes income from labor, from related households, and from the state. Accordingly, we assess three institutional arenas: predistribution (rules and regulations that govern paid work), private redistribution (interhousehold transfers), and conventional public redistribution (operating via cash transfers and direct taxes). In each arena, we assess underlying policy logics, identify current policy controversies, summar
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Calvo, Ernesto, and Lorena Moscovich. "Inequality, Protests, and the Progressive Allocation of Cash Transfers in the Argentine Provinces." Latin American Politics and Society 59, no. 2 (2017): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/laps.12016.

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AbstractIn the last 20 years, two broadly defined theories have sought to explain the relationship between economic inequality and redistribution. The well-known hypothesis set forth by Meltzer and Richard (1981) states that larger income differences between the median voter and the average income earner should increase redistributive pressures in democratic regimes. Power Resource Theory (PRT), by contrast, argues that income inequality breeds power inequality and should dampen redistribution. Critical to both theories is the translation of redistributive interest into policy signals. This ar
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Bhattarai, Saroj, Jae Won Lee, and Choongryul Yang. "Redistribution and the Monetary-Fiscal Policy Mix." Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021, no. 013 (2021): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2021.013.

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We show that the effectiveness of redistribution policy in stimulating the economy and improving welfare is directly tied to how much inflation it generates, which in turn hinges on monetary-fiscal adjustments that ultimately finance the transfers. We compare two distinct types of monetary-fiscal adjustments: In the monetary regime, the government eventually raises taxes to finance transfers, while in the fiscal regime, inflation rises, effectively imposing inflation taxes on public debt holders. We show analytically in a simple model how the fiscal regime generates larger and more persistent
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Zhang, Fu You, Ming Gu, Yun Song, and Song Xu. "Study on Isolated Layer Mechanics Character of Combined Base Isolated Structure Based on Axial Forces Redistribute." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.627.

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Abstract：Combined isolation system is combined with rubber bearings which provide resilience forces and sliding isolated bearings which provide damp. According to the rule of axial forces redistributing between two kinds of bearings under earthquake, a calculating method considering the vertical force redistribute of isolation layer was given. With this method, the results of an example show that axial force will transfer from rubber bearings to sliding isolated bearings along with the horizontal displacement of isolation layer. The bigger the displacement is the more axial force transfers. So
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Gahvari, Firouz, and Enlinson Mattos. "Conditional Cash Transfers, Public Provision of Private Goods, and Income Redistribution." American Economic Review 97, no. 1 (2007): 491–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.1.491.

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This paper examines the role of cash transfers as a screening device when combined with in-kind transfers. It shows that linking in-kind to cash transfers makes first-best redistribution possible despite the government's inability to tell rich and poor individuals apart. Moreover, the maximal attainable welfare for the poor can be pushed beyond its first-best level by distorting downward the quality of the indivisible good the poor receive relative to the cash value of their net transfers. Using in-kind transfers alone, as in Besley and Coate (1991), leads to a third-best solution. (JEL D31, H
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Misiolek, Walter S., and Harold W. Elder. "Cost-Effective Redistribution: Implications of a Basic Needs Approach to Public Assistance." Public Finance Quarterly 15, no. 1 (1987): 76–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109114218701500105.

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This study develops an alternative approach to the issue of transfer form, which uses the basic needs framework to produce a set of tools for evaluating the efficiency of redistribution programs. In contrast with the Pareto redistribution approach, we find that in-kind transfers are not always preferred over cash payments when donors are concerned only with the recipient's consumption of specific commodities. Furthermore, we find that justification of a mixed transfer system on efficiency grounds does not require the existence of both general and specific commodity externalities. The choice of
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transfers, redistribution"

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Schmid, Patrick G. "Budgetary Redistributive Instruments and Electoral Support." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/41884.

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Economics<br>Ph.D.<br>The goal of this dissertation was to model and test whether political parties once in power skew the federal budget in favor of their base. The theory includes the formation of a comprehensive theoretical model, which divided the budgetary instruments into two categories: monetary and political transfers. Using statistical tools, the dissertation examines the budgetary bias itself, the timing of its usage across the electoral cycle, and the substitutability of the instruments. The results found that political parties do bias budgetary funds towards their base. However, th
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Petersen, Hans-Georg, Friedrich Hinterberger, and Klaus Müller. "Taxes, transfers, economic efficiency and social justice : essays on public economics 1979 – 2009. - Chapter 1: Redistribution – theory and measurement." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5037/.

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This volume contains the articles and papers which predominately have been published in international journals or edited volumes in the period from 1979 to 2009. The single articles reflect the main research areas of the editor and his co-authors who were engaged at the Kiel Institute of World Economics, the Johannes-Kepler-University Linz/Austria, the Justus- Liebig-University Giessen, the University of Potsdam, and the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin).
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Bastani, Spencer. "Essays on the Economics of Income Taxation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-169592.

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This thesis consists of five self-contained essays. Essay 1. (with Sören Blomquist and Luca Micheletto)  Using a calibrated overlapping-generations model we quantify the welfare gains of an age-dependent labor income tax. Agents face uncertainty regarding future abilities and can transfer consumption across periods through savings. The welfare gain of switching from an age-independent to an age-dependent nonlinear tax varies between 2.4% and 4% of GDP. Part of the welfare gain is due to capital accumulation effects and part descends from relaxing incentive-compatibility constraints. The welfar
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Petersen, Hans-Georg. "Poverty, human capital, life-cycle and the tax and transfer bases : the role of education for development and international competition." Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2011/5396/.

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The paper is based on an individual life-cycle model, which describes the purely economic components of human capital. The present value of human capital is determined by all future income flows, which at the same time constitute the individual as well as the total tax base of a nation. Therefore, the income of the productive population determines the total tax revenue, which is spent for public goods (including education) and transfers (for poverty reduction). The efficient design of the education system (by private and public education investments) determines the quality of the human capital
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Látalová, Jana. "Vzájemné vazby systému daní a sociálních dávek v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-82009.

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The personal income taxes as well as individual welfare benefits are among the basic tools of redistribution in the Czech Republic. The diploma thesis concentrates on the qualification of the transfers realized with the help of these tools and the identification of the recipients of these transfers. The theoretical part of this work introduces both redistributing systems and analyzes possible tools of redistribution. The reader is introduced into the problems caused by both systems and also possible solutions. The systems have been dealt with separately so far. The final part of my work theref
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Wu, Dan. "Piezoelective semi-active networks for structural vibration damping with energy redistribution." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0078/document.

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Le contrôle des vibrations est devenu un enjeu majeur et a reçu une attention considérable dans de nombreuses applications industrielles. Diverses approches de recherche ont été exploitées pour réduire les vibrations indésirables. Les matériaux intelligents développés peuvent contrôler et supprimer les vibrations d'une manière efficace et intelligente avec un poids ajouté supplémentaire négligeable par rapport au système. La majorité des recherches sur les matériaux intelligents a mis l'accent sur le contrôle d’une structure composite constituée avec des transducteurs piézoélectriques intégrés
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Tragaki, Alexandra. "Equité et redistribution intergénérationnelle : application à la France et à la Grèce." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997IEPP0015.

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Le contrat social liant entre elles des personnes de ressources, de statut social, de situation familiale, de chances et d'âges différents est fondé sur un réseau complexe de nombreux transferts économiques qui détermine le caractère et la vocation de la politique sociale d'un pays donné. L'énorme redistribution qui en découle révèle la grande question sur l'équité intergénérationnelle : y a-t-il des générations favorisées par la redistribution effectuée au sein de la protection sociale ? Selon le modèle de cette étude, l'équité au sens d'égalité des bilans relatifs actualisés, est préservée d
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Faurobert-Scholl, Marianne. "Transfert de rayonnement polarisé et non-polarisé avec redistribution en fréquence méthodes asymptotiques et applications /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37613560j.

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Faurobert-Scholl, Marianne. "Transfert de rayonnement polarisé et non-polarisé avec redistribution en fréquence : méthodes asymptotiques et applications." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4232.

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Paletou, Frédéric. "Transfert de rayonnement bidimensionnel avec redistribution partielle en frequences : methodes numeriques et application aux protuberances solaires." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112301.

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Nous avons developpe un nouveau code de calcul de transfert de rayonnement bidimensionnel. Ce travail prend en compte les recents progres effectues dans le domaine des methodes iteratives (lambda-iteration) avec perturbation d'operateur et acceleration de la convergence pour la resolution du probleme de transfert hors equilibre thermodynamique local. La premiere partie de ce travail decrit les methodes numeriques mises en uvre dans le cadre de l'atome a deux niveaux. Nous avons retenu une methode utilisant un operateur approche diagonal dont la structure est conservee quand on generalise le pr
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Books on the topic "Transfers, redistribution"

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Ahmad, Ehtisham. Toward more effective redistribution: Reform options for intergovernmental transfers in China. International Monetary Fund, Fiscal Affairs Dept., 2004.

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Paul, Fred. Then fight for it!: The largest peaceful redistribution of wealth in the history of mankind and the creation of the North Slope Borough. Trafford, 2003.

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Paul, Fred. Then fight for it!: The largest peaceful redistribution of wealth in the history of mankind and the creation of the North Slope Borough. Trafford Pub., 2003.

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Bhattarai, Keshab. The redistributive effects of transfers. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.

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Tullock, Gordon. Economics of income redistribution. 2nd ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1997.

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Hanushek, Eric Alan. Redistribution through education and other transfer mechanisms. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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The ethics of redistribution. Liberty Press, 1990.

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Zee, Howell H. Inequality and optimal redistributive tax and transfer policies. International Monetary Fund, Fiscal Affairs Department, 1999.

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Falkingham, Jane. Poverty alleviation versus social insurance systems: A comparison of lifetime redistribution. National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, Faculty of Management, University of Canberra, 1996.

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McGarry, Kathleen. Transfer behavior: Measurement and the redistribution of resources within the family. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transfers, redistribution"

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Tullock, Gordon. "Administrative Transfers." In Economics of Income Redistribution. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5378-2_11.

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Tullock, Gordon. "Horizontal Transfers." In Economics of Income Redistribution. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5378-2_2.

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Wickström, Bengt-Arne. "Transfers, Collective Goods, and Redistribution." In Welfare Economics of the Second Best. Springer Vienna, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6998-8_13.

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Soumagne, Jerome, John Biddiscombe, and Aurélien Esnard. "Data Redistribution Using One-sided Transfers to In-Memory HDF5 Files." In Recent Advances in the Message Passing Interface. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24449-0_23.

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Simonovits, András. "Progressive Transfer Systems." In Simple Models of Income Redistribution. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72502-4_6.

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Simonovits, András. "Imperfect Knowledge of Transfer Rules: Irrational Inattention." In Simple Models of Income Redistribution. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72502-4_13.

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Lessoff, S. C., P. Indelman, and G. Dagan. "Solute transport in infiltration-redistribution cycles in heterogeneous soils." In Environmental Mechanics: Water, Mass and Energy Transfer in the Biosphere. American Geophysical Union, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/129gm13.

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Zhao, Zhirui, Yitung Chen, Baozhi Sun, Jianxin Shi, Xiang Yu, and Wanze Wu. "Numerical Investigation of Mass Redistribution in Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor Flow Channels." In Advances in Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4765-6_61.

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Nazarenko, Nelli N., and Anna G. Knyazeva. "Transfer of a Biological Fluid Through a Porous Wall of a Capillary." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_22.

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AbstractThe treatise proposes a model of biological fluid transfer in a dedicated macropore with microporous walls. The distribution of concentrations and velocity studies in the capillary wall for two flow regimes—convective and diffusive. The largest impact on the redistribution of concentration between the capillary volume and its porous wall is made by Darcy number and correlation of diffusion coefficients and concentration expansion. The velocity in the interface vicinity increases with rising pressure in the capillary volume or under decreasing porosity or without consideration of the concentration expansion.
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Werncke, W., V. Kozich, and J. Dreyer. "Vibrational excitation and energy redistribution after ultrafast intramolecular proton transfer of TINUVIN." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27213-5_148.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transfers, redistribution"

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Pumhössel, Thomas. "Investigating Modal Energy Redistributions in Mechanical Systems With Impulsive Stiffness Excitation by Using Effective Damping Measures." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85524.

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In the present contribution, alternating energy transfers across modes of vibration, induced by impulsive stiffness excitation applied at equidistant instants of time are investigated. Therefore, effective damping measures are used, and it is shown that they clearly indicate modal energy transfers and their effect on the decay rate of transient vibrations. It is demonstrated that outstanding values of the time span between adjacent impulses exist, where a strong energy transfer to higher modes, which possess enhanced damping properties, occurs. Hence, the modal redistribution of vibration ener
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Sugioka, Hideaki, Zaiguo Fu, Takahiro Tsukahara, and Yasuo Kawaguchi. "PIV-PLIF Experiment on Modification of Turbulent Scalar Diffusion Near the Wall by Uniform Blowing." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-25431.

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The transfer phenomena of wall turbulence are associated with the quasi ordered vortex structures, which are developed from small scale vortices near the wall. How to change the turbulent motion and turbulent transfer by modifying the condition of near wall is important for academic and industrial applications in the control of mass and heat transfers. In this study, we examined experimentally the effect on changing mass transfer in channel turbulence by uniform blowing from a porous wall. We used PIV/PLIF simultaneous measurement by mixing fluorescent dye into blown fluids to observe the spat
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Fazul, Rhauani, and Patrícia Barcelos. "The Node Status as a Prioritization Strategy for Replica Balancing in a HDFS Cluster." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Engenharia de Sistemas Computacionais. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbesc_estendido.2020.13097.

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Data replication is the main fault tolerance mechanism of HDFS, the Hadoop Distributed File System. Although replication is essential to ensure high availability and reliability, the replicas might not always be placed evenly among the nodes. The HDFS Balancer is an integrated solution of Apache Hadoop that performs replica balancing through the rearrangement of the data blocks stored in the file system. The Balancer, however, demands a high computational effort of the nodes during its operation. This work presents a customization for the HDFS Balancer that considers the status of the nodes as
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Ng, K., C. Y. Ching, and J. S. Cotton. "Transient Two-Phase Flow Patterns by Application of a High Voltage Pulse Width Modulated Signal and the Effect on Condensation Heat Transfer." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22159.

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The objectives of this study are (i) to determine the transient phase redistributions of a two-phase flow in a smooth horizontal annular channel by applying high voltage pulses to induce electric fields and (ii) to quantify the resultant changes in the condensation heat transfer. The experiments were performed using refrigerant R-134a flowing in a tube that was cooled on the outside by a counter-current flow of water. The electric fields are established by applying high voltage to a concentric rod electrode inside a grounded tube. The effect of the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) forces on the chang
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Kawahara, Akimaro, Michio Sadatomi, and Tatsuya Higuchi. "Effects of Surface Tension on Two-Phase Void Drift Between Triangle Tight Lattice Subchannels." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48574.

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In this study, void drift phenomena, which are one of three components of the inter-subchannel fluid transfer, have been investigated experimentally and analytically. In the experiments, data on flow and void redistributions were obtained for hydraulically non-equilibrium flows in a multiple channel consisting of two subchannels simplifying a triangle tight lattice rod bundle. In order to know the effects of the reduced surface tension on the void drift, water and water with a surfactant were used as the test liquids. In addition, data on the void diffusion coefficient, D˜, needed in a void dr
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Feng, Yanhui, Xinxin Zhang, and Wenfei Wu. "Effect Analysis of Micro Mass Transfer on Steel Casting Solidification Process." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47340.

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Existing models for the solute redistribution during solidification have been reviewed. The typical models are applied for the numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer with phase change for the new inverse casting technology and the traditional CSP technology. The results show that the effect of micro mass transfer models on the perfection of continuous solidification processes for Fe-C alloy cannot be omitted for coupled heat and mass transfer phenomenon.
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Zeng, Wenwei, and Shawn Okun. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis on High Power Density Multi-Fuel Rotary Engine Heat Redistribution Optimization Design." In ASME 2017 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2017-4889.

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A revolutionary cooling system is designed for a multi-fuel rotary engine (200 cc, 40 hp). The patented cooling system includes a water cooled array of engine housings, an innovative rotor and hydrodynamic bearings set cooled with a secondary oil cooling system. The oil conduits, however, are incorporated into water jackets, therefore the heat is further transferred to the water flow. Numerous fins and ribs are utilized as deflectors in water jackets thus controlling water flow to carry heat from the “hot” side of the engine housing to the “cold” side, which minimize temperature differential o
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Swaidan, Ali, Florian Fichot, and Michel Quintard. "Two phase flow redistribution in a two-layered porous medium with contrasting permeability." In ICHMT International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat Transfer. Begellhouse, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2017.460.

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Swaidan, Ali, Florian Fichot, and Michel Quintard. "Two phase flow redistribution in a two-layered porous medium with contrasting permeability." In ICHMT International Symposium on Advances in Computational Heat Transfer. Begellhouse, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2017.cht-7.460.

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Cesna, Benediktas, and Eugenijus Uspuras. "Effect of Spacer Grids on the Local Heat Transfer." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22589.

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The paper presents the experimental data of the local heat transfer in the fuel rod assembly with honeycomb type spacer grids. It was established experimentally that the separation of the boundary layer behind the spacer grid increases the interchannel coefficient of transverse mixing of flow, and therefore, the local heat transfer. If the distance between the spacer grids is relatively small, they influence one another through the redistribution of mass flow in elementary channels. The local heat transfer behind the spacer grid varies with a distance from it. The local heat transfer can be de
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Reports on the topic "Transfers, redistribution"

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Warwick, Ross, and David Phillips. Redistribution via VAT and cash transfers: an assessment in four low and middle income countries. Institute for Fiscal Studies, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/bn.ifs.2018.bn0230.

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Inchauste, Gabriela, Karolina Goraus, Jon Jellema, et al. Redistribution via VAT and cash transfers: an assessment in four low and middle income countries. The IFS, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.ifs.2018.w1811.

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Bhattarai, Keshab, and John Whalley. The Redistributive Effects of Transfers. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w6281.

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Hanushek, Eric, Charles Ka Yui Leung, and Kuzey Yilmaz. Redistribution through Education and Other Transfer Mechanisms. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8588.

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McGarry, Kathleen, and Robert Schoeni. Transfer Behavior: Measurement and the Redistribution of Resources within the Family. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w4607.

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