Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transfert de mitochondries'
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Le, Thi Phuong. "Transfert latéral de séquence." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5013.
Full textLateral sequence transfer (LST) plays a critical role in the bacterial evolu- tion. Alphaproteobacteria with different genomes in size, their diverse lifestyles and their "mobilome" are an ideal model for studying the evolutionary history of the bacteria. The different origins of genes of alphaproteobacteria species can be represented as a "rhizome". In constrast, the alphaproteobacteria contributed in the creation of different genomes such as bacteria, eukaryotes (the nematod, the insect). Moreover, many ribosomal genes of alphaproteobacteria have participated in the formation of the mitochondria. In the first part, we have done an approach to define LSTs. This approach is primarily based on the application of phylogenetic profiles, followed by the search for homologous sequences, then the phylogenetic reconstruction, and finally the definition of sequence transfer by a specific pattern. We found that 42 instances of transfers of Rickettsiales came from distantly related species of different domains of life (eukaryote, bacteria, archaea). We can apply this approach for studying LSTs of greater genomes of interest. In the second part, we sequenced and annotated the Odyssella thesalonicensis, then studied the evolutionary history of mitochondrion, Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique, O. thessalonicensis and alphaproteobacteria. Our results showed that Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique has probably originated from an ancestor facultative intracellular with Rickettsiales species
Val, Romain. "Adressage d'ARN et manipulation génétique des mitochondries dans les cellules végétales et humaines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13109.
Full textThe understanding of the molecular mechanisms which control the genetic system of mitochondria remains restricted. This is mainly due to the impossibility to manipulate their genome with conventional methods. We are developing an alternate approach based on the physiological mechanism of tRNA import. We use a tRNA mimic as a shuttle to import into mitochondria in plant cells passenger RNAs attached to its 5' end. Following nuclear transformation and transcription in the nucleus, the chimeric RNAs are targeted to mitochondria. So far, we obtained the import of passenger sequences up to 154 nucleotides in size into the mitochondria of transformed plant cells. The process follows the natural specificity of the tRNA import pathway. A trans-cleaving hammerhead ribozyme targeted to the mitochondrial atp9 mRNA was designed and imported into mitochondria as a passenger RNA attached to the tRNA mimic, yielding the first knockdown of a mitochondrial RNA in plant cells. The associated phenotype was a decrease in cell growth rate. The analysis of the level of about twenty mRNAs showed that the atp9 mRNA knockdown led to a 70% decrease of the nuclear-encoded alternative oxidase (aox-1) mRNA, with a strong drop in the amount of the corresponding protein in mitochondria and a decrease in the oxygen consumption. These results highlight the influence of a mitochondrial event on the expression of a nuclear gene, demonstrating the existence of a retrograde regulation. From a gene therapy point of view, we tried to transpose our shuttling system into human cells. All chimeric RNAs used were retained in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria. Thus, other tRNA mimics need to be tested
Baleva, Mariia. "Etudes des mécanismes d'adressage d'ARN de transfert dans les mitochondries de levure et humaines." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ096/document.
Full textMutations in the mitochondrial genome give rise to neurodegenerative diseases or myopathies. To develop gene therapy for preventing the appearance of these syndromes, we need to better understand the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial RNA. For this purpose we try to recapitulate in vitro the import of RNA from cell extracts fractionated by different methods such as exclusion or affinity chromatography using tagged RNAs or proteins. Our results refine our knowledge of these mechanisms and allow to advance the idea that enolase, an enzyme of glycolysis, does not act alone during the first stage of import of tRNALys with anticodon CUU (tRK1). Indeed, we have shown that ultra-purified enolase no longer binds to tRK1 in vitro, while preparations of yeast mitochondria recapitulate the import when various fractions mixed with enolase were tested. The performed extracts fractionation make it possible to point to certain proteins which could work in concert with the enolase to convey tRK1 to mitochondria
Salinas, Thalia Drouard Laurence. "Mécanisme d'importation des ARN de transfert cytosoliques dans la mitochondrie de plante." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/711/01/Salinas2006.pdf.
Full textSalinas, Thalia. "Mécanisme d'importation des ARN de transfert cytosoliques dans la mitochondrie de plante." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/SALINAS_Thalia_2006.pdf.
Full textDuring evolution, plant mitochondrial genomes underwent multiple rearrangements leading to the loss of genetic information. One of the consequences is that the number of mitochondrial encoded tRNA genes is not sufficient to ensure plant mitochondrial translation. In order to compensate this deficiency, cytosolic tRNAs have to be imported into mitochondria. Although this phenomenon is an essential process for mitochondrial biogenesis in most eukaryotic cells, it remains poorly understood. Three aspects of this process in plants have been studied during my PhD thesis. A transgenic approach showed that the anticodon and D-domain are essential for tRNAGly import. Moreover, in vitro and biochemical studies allowed the identification of outer mitochondrial proteins, namely the "Voltage Dependent Anion Channel" (VDAC) and TOM proteins, involved in tRNA import into plant mitochondria. Finally, biochemical studies were initiated in order to understand the tRNA-VDAC interaction
Sieber, François. "Development of a tool to address nucleic acids into mitochondria." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6123.
Full textMitochondria are organelles found in nearly all eukaryotes. They are considered to be the energetic center of the cell because they generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, but they are also involved in many more biological processes such as lipid and amino acid metabolism, iron-sulphur (FeS) cluster biogenesis, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis. Mitochondria originate from the endosymbiosis of an alpha-proteobacterium ancestor into a proto-eukaryotic cell. Classical mitochondria have retained a highly reduced vestige of the genome of the ancestral bacteria such that most mitochondrial proteins but also numerous tRNAs have to be imported from the cytosol to the mitochondria (Sieber et al. , 2011a). Mitochondrial genomes are subject to numerous mutations that can result in mitochondrial dysfunctions, which are often dramatic for cell viability. Such mitochondrial disorders can be at the center of human neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases, diabetes, aging and also cancers (Florentz et al. , 2003). In plants, mitochondrial disorders can originate from the presence of chimeric sequences in mitochondrial genomes, which lead to cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). CMS plants are incapable of producing functional pollen and constitute a valuable tool in agronomy to produce hybrid plants that are more vigorous in culture (Budar and Pelletier, 2001). Mitochondrial transformation is thus of great interest, both for the study of mitochondrial disorders, and as a biotechnological tool for example in agronomy. Mitochondrial gene expression also remains poorly characterized and awaits reverse genetics tools for a better understanding. Except for the yeast S. Cerevisiae and the unicellular algae C. Reinhardtii where stable mitochondrial transformation has been achieved by biolistic approaches (Fox et al. , 1988; Remacle et al. , 2006), no means exist to stably transform mitochondrial DNA of higher eukaryotes. In my Ph. D. , I focused on developing a tool for efficient introduction of exogenous RNA into mitochondria of various model organisms. The strategy was to use a nucleic acid binding protein fused to a mitochondrial targeting sequence to create a protein shuttle capable of targeting RNA substrates to the mitochondrial matrix. As a shuttle candidate, I chose the mouse dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) that binds nucleic acids non-specifically in vitro. A mitochondrial targeting sequence fused to the protein allows it to be imported into isolated mitochondria. DHFR fused to a mitochondrial targeting sequence (pDHFR) is conventionally used to dissect the mechanism of protein import into mitochondria of yeast (Pfanner et al. , 1987), and was used as a starting point for this study
Kamenskiy, Petr Tarassov Ivan Krasheninnikov Igor. "Studying the role of the precursor of mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA synthetase in the targeting of a cytosolic tRNA-Lys in the mitochondria of S. cerevisiae." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/778/01/KAMENSKIY2007.pdf.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 58-69.
Delage, Ludovic. "Etude du mécanisme d'importation des ARN de transfert dans les mitochondries de plantes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13142.
Full textEl, Farouk-Ameqrane Samira. "Etude des protéines VDAC dans le cadre de l’importation des ARNt dans les mitochondries de plantes." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6111.
Full textDuring this work, I was interested in plant VDAC proteins and in the mechanism of tRNA import into plant mitochondria. These proteins are known to be involved in several mechanisms such as transport of metabolites or apoptosis. Recently it was shown that these proteins are implicated in tRNA and DNA import into plant mitochondria. Thus we studied how VDAC can interact with nucleic acids as no binding site can be predicted. The results show that the interaction imply several aminoacids of the protein in particular the Gly2, Lys47, Lys48 and the a helix. As VDAC proteins form a β barrel, we tried to determine their spatial structure to better understand how it can interacts with tRNA. So we express and purify these proteins in big quantity and we get cristallisation conditions. Then as VDAC can interact with different kind of nucleic acids and with imported or not imported tRNA, we tried to understand where is performed the selectivity in the transport of tRNA into mitochondria. This study show that the process of selectivity is complex and imply several barrieres. Finally, we looked for VDAC partners involved in tRNA transport. We identified 8 proteins that can potentially interact with tRNA too
Besagni, Céline. "Mutations des ARNt mitochondriaux de la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae et implications pathologiques." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112153.
Full text115 mutations have been identified in the human tRNA genes responsible of human degenerative diseases. The severity of the pathologies is mainly due to the mutations, the affected tissues, the level of heteroplasmy and the nuclear context. In order to find a solution to correct the effect of these mutations, it’s necessary to better understand their molecular mechanisms. Studying such mutaitons in human cultured cells has limits (notably for experimental reasons) and it would be easier at first to use a simple organism as a model. Hence the idea to work with the yeast S. Cerevisiae that is homoplasmic allows a lot of molecular and genetics methods, particularly the possibility to transform the mitochondria by biolistic and creating equivalent mutations to the human ones in the yeast Trna. Once the yeast model validated, for an equivalent mutation in human and yeast, we observed a good correlation between the severity of the human pathology and the mutant phenotype in yeast. Like in human, the yeast phenotype depends of the nuclear context. We found that overexpression of the translation factor EF-Tu is able to correct all the tRNA mutations (even tRNA mutations which lead to a defect on tRNA maturation). Because of this general effect, the possibility to use EF-Tu in human cells is promising and parameters of this effect have been established
Caicedo, Andrès. "Communication cellule-cellule : transfert de mitochondries provenant des cellules souches/stromales mesenchymateuses (CSM) vers des cellules cancereuses." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON1T036.
Full textAt the beginning of my thesis, I was interested in the process involved in cell communication, more specifically in cell-to-cell interactions. Why does a cell specifically establish contacts with another one, how do cells respond to these interactions and what are the effects? As a model to answer these questions, I studied the interactions between MSCs and two breast cancer cell lines. The study of the communications between MSCs and tumor cells is an alternative to explore and understand tumor progression. MSC recruitment to the tumor is shown to favor the progression of the disease. The mechanisms of this dialogue are multiple and are the object of a great number of studies that aim at finding new therapeutic approaches. The objective of this work was to analyze the interactions between MSCs and cancer cells and evaluate the potential effects of this communication in tumor progression. First, I developed an experimental system of real time confocal microscopy in order to observe the interaction produced between MSCs and the breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. I noticed the dynamic formation of tubular structures between the two different cell types and, surprisingly, the passage of mitochondria from MSCs to the cancer cells. Second, we used a 3D system of cell invasion in a collagen matrix, which we adapted for the coculture, in order to observe the effects of the interactions between the MDA-MB-231 and MSCs. In agreement with the literature, we observed an increase in the migratory potential of the cancer cells, an effect that could be linked to the transfer of mitochondria from MSCs to the cancer cells. To answer this question, I set up a protocol to specifically transfer to the cancer cells mitochondria isolated from the MSCs and test directly the functional consequences for the cancer cells. This protocol can be used to transfer mitochondria, not only from MSCs but also from other cells. This method is currently submitted to a patent process. Our results show that the transfer of MSC mitochondria to the cancer cells modifies cancer cells functional properties and increase their invasive and proliferative capacities. Concerning the metabolic activity, we noticed an increase in mitochondrial respiration and ATP production. We also observed an increase in the transcription level of enzymes related to the lipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation. The results generated with this new protocol of mitochondria transfer show, for the first time, that mitochondria originating from MSCs can improve cellular capacities linked to the tumor progression. The role proposed by the scientific community for the interactions of MSCs with the tumor cells fits with the data generated in our work. Several questions remain open. In particular, could the transfer of mitochondria from MSCs to the cancer cells contribute to the acquisition of resistance to anti-cancer agents observed in patients? The protocol of transfer of mitochondria that we developed in the laboratory is a technique of choice and offers many advantages over other techniques such as microinjection and cytoplasmic hybrids; its implementation is simple and reproducible and can target large numbers of cells. This method opens numerous perspectives and potential applications such as the study of metabolic reprogramming. Thus, we could consider restoring the activity of dysfunctional cells by transferring mitochondria from “metabolically active” or healthy cells. In the long term, one of the applications could be transferring healthy or genetically modified mitochondria to zygotes carrying mitochondrial DNA mutations, in order to treat pathologies like infertility, neuro-degenerative diseases, cancer and premature aging
Kamenskiy, Petr. "Studying the role of the precursor of mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA synthetase in the targeting of a cytosolic tRNA-Lys in the mitochondria of S. Cerevisiae." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2007/KAMENSKIY_Petr_2007.pdf.
Full textNakhle, Jean. "Transfert de mitochondries des cellules souches mésenchymateuses aux cellules souches de glioblastome : effets sur le métabolisme et la résistance à la chimiothérapie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT036.
Full textGlioblastomas are heterogeneous tumors with high metabolic plasticity. Their poor prognosisis linked to glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) which provide resistance to therapy, in particularto temozolomide (TMZ). It is worsened with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) recruitment. Weshow that, following tunneling nanotubes interactions, MSCs transfer mitochondria to GSCs.We found that MSC mitochondria modify the metabolic response of GSCs to TMZ and increasethe production of metabolites linked to the TCA cycle, pentose phosphate and pyrimidinesynthesis pathways, which was linked to enhanced GSC survival. A RNA-seq analysis revealedthat MSC mitochondria also disrupt the GSC transcriptional response to TMZ and lead to theexpression of genes related to cell cycle progression. Together, our data show that themitochondria transfers that originate from cells of the tumor microenvironment can modifythe response of cancer cells to therapy, at both at the levels of cellular metabolism and geneexpression
RAMAMONJISOA, DANIEL. "Structure et expression de genes nucleaires de plantes codant pour des arn de transfert importes dans les mitochondries ou presents uniquement dans le cytosol. Edition des arn de transfert dans les mitochondries vegetales." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STR13087.
Full textDavy, de Virville Jacques. "Translocation de protons couplee au transfert des electrons dans la chaine respiratoire des mitochondries vegetales." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066467.
Full textDesbourdes, Céline. "Nucléoside diphosphate kinase D : une protéine mitochondriale bifonctionnelle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV004/document.
Full textThe nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK) are essential for generation of nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) using ATP and NDPs. The mitochondrial NDPK isoform (NDPK-D) located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space is found to have two modes of function. First, the phosphotransfer mode in which the protein has a kinase activity like other NDPK enzymes. In this mode, NDPK-D produces GTP for the optic atrophy 1 protein (OPA1), a GTPase involved in mitochondrial fusion, and ADP for the adenylate translocator (ANT) and the mitochondrial ATPase for ATP regeneration. The second mode of function is called lipid transfer and is related to the capacity of NDPK-D to bind anionic phospholipids, especially cardiolipin (CL). In this mode, the protein can cross-link the two mitochondrial membranes and transfer CL from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane, which can serve as a signal for mitophagy and apoptosis. This work aims to study these NDPK-D functions in more detail. With the use of HeLa cells stably expressing the wild-type, kinase inactive (H151N mutation) or lipid binding deficient (R90D mutation) NDPK-D and mouse lung epithelial cells, we show (i) the close proximity between NDPK-D and OPA1 that leads to GTP channeling from NDPK-D to OPA1, (ii) the essential role of NDPK-D for CL externalization to the mitochondrial surface during mitophagy, serving as a recognition signal for LC3-II-autophagosomes to eliminate damaged mitochondria, (iii) the possible inhibition of CL externalization due to the presence of NDPK-D/OPA1 complexes, and (iv) a pro-metastatic phenotype of HeLa cells expressing either of the NDPK-D mutants (H151N or R90D), characterized by high invasive and migratory potential, altered proteomic profile and changed mitochondrial network structure and function. Finally, a first bacterial expression and purification strategy for full-length OPA1 has been established for future in vitro studies of NDPK-D/OPA1 complexes
Przybyla-Toscano, Jonathan. "Étude des protéines NFU, ISCA et FDX, impliquées dans la maturation des centres fer-soufre dans les mitochondries d’Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0127.
Full textIn plants, iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins are involved in crucial processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. The maturation of these proteins requires the de novo synthesis of their Fe-S clusters through dedicated assembly machineries. Plants have three Fe-S cluster assembly machineries, namely SUF, ISC and CIA, devoted to the maturation of plastidial, mitochondrial and nuclear or cytosolic proteins, respectively. During the mitochondrial Fe-S protein maturation, a [2Fe-2S] cluster is first assembled on the ISU scaffold protein then transferred to target proteins with the help of chaperones and various transfer proteins. If these steps are sufficient for the maturation of [2Fe-2S] proteins, a reductive coupling process of two [2Fe-2S] clusters is required for the maturation of [4Fe-4S] proteins. This conversion needs transfer proteins and an electrons donor, potentially the same ferredoxin which acts during the first step of the Fe-S cluster biogenesis for sulfur reduction. By combining molecular, biochemical and genetic approaches, the involvement of NFU and ISCA transfer protein and mitochondrial ferredoxin (mFDX) in the late transfer and conversion steps has been explored during this PhD project by using the Arabidopsis thaliana plant model. Yeast complementation experiments have demonstrated that plant NFU and ISCA proteins have functions similar to their respective orthologs, suggesting that these late steps are conserved. However, unlike yeast, the characterization of nfu mutant lines indicates that both proteins are essential for early embryonic development. At the molecular level, in vivo and in vitro approaches have shown an interaction between ISCA1a or ISCA1b and ISCA2, NFU4 and NFU5 but no interaction with the two mFDX whose participation in the late steps remains uncertain. The formation of ISCA1-ISCA2 holo-heterocomplexes has been confirmed by co-expression in E. coli and purification of recombinant proteins. Overall, the literature and results obtained here highlight a model where ISCA1/2 heterocomplexes would act immediately downstream of NFU proteins which would a minima allow [4Fe-4S] cluster maturation of the lipoate synthase. This sole partner could primarily explain the lethality of a nfu4 x nfu5 double mutant because the activity of several proteins central for the mitochondrial metabolism depends on lipoic acid
Bonnefond, Luc Giegé Richard Rudinger-Thirion Joëlle. "La tyrosyl-ARNt synthétase mitochondriale humaine originalités fonctionnelles, structurales et place dans l'évolution /." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2007. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/809/01/Bonnefond_Luc_2007.pdf.
Full textBrandina, Irina L. Martin Robert Krasheninnikov Igor. "Identification et rôles de nouveaux facteurs protéiques cytosoliques impliqués dans l'import d'ARNt dans les mitochondries de levure." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2006. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/523/01/Brandina2006.pdf.
Full textThèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux. Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 9 p.
Brandina, Irina L. "Identification et rôles de nouveaux facteurs protéiques cytosoliques impliqués dans l'import d'ARNt dans les mitochondries de levure." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/BRANDINA_Irina_L._2006.pdf.
Full textIn yeast S. Cerevisiae, one ARNtLys (referred to as tRK1) is partially imported into mitochondria. One pre-protein, preMsk1p, was previously identified as necessary but not sufficient to direct the import. The aim of the thesis work was to identify new protein factors of tRK1 mitochondrial import and characterisation of their precise role in this pathway. One import factor of tRK1 mitochondrial targeting was identified as a glycolytic enzyme, enolase. This finding permitted to reconstruct in vitro the import mechanism by using individual recombinant proteins (preMsk1p and enolase), tRK1 and mitochondria. Three proteins of ubiquitin/protéasome system (UPS) were identified by two – and three-hybrid screenings for interactions with tRK1 or preMsk1 and are proposed as tRNA import factors. Direct correlation between efficiency of tRNA import and proteolytic activity of proteasome was observed. We therefore suggest that UPS is implicated in tRNA import regulation in yeast
Sternberg, Damien. "Contribution à trois aspects de la génétique mitochondriale humaine : étude de transmission de l'ADN mitochondrial lors de fécondations in vitro - caractérisation de mutations de l'ADN mitochondrial dans les maladies mitochondriales et le vieillissement musculaire." Paris 12, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA120010.
Full textMitochondrial genetics is important to consider when dealing with infertility, mitochondrial diseases or ageing. Our work contributes to the clarification of the role and behaviour of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in those three circumstances. First, we studied mtDNA inheritance in children born after a particular in vitro fertilisation technique, i. E. Intracytoplasmic injection of spermatozoon (ICSI). Although the risk of transmission of a paternal infertility-linked nuclear defect by this technique is well known, the possible transmission of the patemal mtDNA had never been addressed by means of highly sensitive detection assays. By using different sensitive techniques, we showed that there was no detectable paternally inherited mtDNA in the peripheral blood of the 27 children who were studied. Second, we aimed at determining the contribution of mtDNA tranfer RNA (tRNA) gene defects to the pathogenesis ofmitochondrial disorders. We set up an exhaustive scanning method to screen ah tRNA genes for mutations, and applied it to a large number of selected patients with mitochondrial disorders. We found numerous sequence variations of those genes, some of them already known to be pathogenic or polymorphie, others being questionable from a functional point of view. We performed an evaluation of each questionable sequence variation by all possible means, and were able to assign a precise significance to most of them. In retrospect, we tried to delineate the best indications for the screening ofmtDNA tRNA genes. Third, we wanted to determine the contribution of mtDNA mutations to the ageing process of human muscle, at a single fibre level. We looked for large-scale rearrangements and tRNA gene point mutations in a large number of fibres defective in cytochrome c oxidase (COX- fibres) activity and an equal number of normal fibres (COX+ fibres) from normal biopsy samples taken from ageing subjects. We detected large scale rearrangements in several fibres. Most interestingly, we detected, characterised and quantified tRNA gene point mutations in several COX- fibres, such mutations being absent from COX+ fibres. We showed that clonally expanded point mutations contribute toageing process in muscle, by a segmental alteration of the respiratory chain activity
Karicheva, Olga. "Modelling gene therapy for a mitochondrial disease MELAS by exploiting the pathway of RNA mitochondrial import." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6115.
Full textMutations in human mitochondrial DNA are often associated with incurable human neuromuscular diseases. Among these mutations, more than 170 have been identified in tRNA genes, including 29 in the tRNALeu(UUR) gene (MT-TL1). The m. 3243A>G mutation in MT-TL1 was described as the major cause of the MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes). This mutation reduces tRNALeu(UUR) aminoacylation level and leads to a hypomodification of the wobble position of its anticodon, which results in a decreased level of mitochondrial protein synthesis and reduced activities of respiratory chain complexes. The thesis was aimed to test if the allotopic expression of recombinant leucine tRNAs in the nucleus of transmitochondrial cybrid cells carrying MELAS m. 3243A>G mutation and their subsequent targeting into mitochondria can rescue mutation-induced dysfunctions. It was shown that expression of specifically designed recombinant tRNAsLeu is accompanied by a significant improvement of mitochondrial translation, an increase of steadystate level of several mtDNA-encoded protein subunits of respiratory chain, and a partial rescue of respiration. These findings prove the possibility to direct into mitochondria tRNAs with changed aminoacylation specificity possessing potential therapeutic activity, thus extending the potential of allotopic expression as the approach to cure mitochondrial disorders
Sohm, Bénédicte. "Impact de mutations pathologiques dans les ARNt mitochondriaux humains sur les propriétés d'aminoacylation et sur le protéome mitochondrial." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/SOHM_Benedicte_2003.pdf.
Full textMoschoi-Bodisteanu, Ruxanda. "Étude des mécanismes de chimiorésistance médiés par le microenvironnement de la moelle osseuse dans la Leucémie Aiguë Myéloïde. Mise en évidence d’un transfert de mitochondries actives des cellules stromales vers les blastes leucémiques." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4084/document.
Full textAcute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic malignancies arising from hematopoietic stem and/or progenitor cells that display defective control of their proliferation, differentiation, and maturation. Complete remission is achieved using anthracycline and cytarabine combination therapy in 80% to 85% of older patients. Nevertheless, the overall outcomes for AML patients remain poor, and the 5-year survival rate for patients over 60 is less than 10%. The well-accepted paradigm of leukemogenesis is that leukemia arises from the transformation of a single cell and is maintained by a small population of leukemic stem cells (LSC) or leukemia initiating cells (LICs). It is theorized that current treatments, although highly effective against the leukemic bulk, fail to eradicate the LICs that are therefore responsible for leukemia relapse. Another important factor involved in resistance to treatments is the microenvironment of the bone marrow, which is called the hematopoietic niche. Studies have shown that different niche cell components can transfer mitochondria to normal cells that undergo a metabolic stress and in a pathological context, to cancer cells. During my PhD we demonstrate that in an ex vivo niche-like coculture system, cells both primary and cultured AML cells take up functional mitochondria from murine or human bone marrow stromal cells. Using different molecular and imaging approaches, we show that AML cells can increase their mitochondrial mass by up to 14%. After coculture, recipient AML cells showed a 1.5-fold increase in mitochondrial ATP production and were less prone to mitochondrial depolarization after chemotherapy, displaying a higher survival. This unidirectional transfer enhanced by some chemotherapeutic agents required cell–cell contacts and proceed through an ill-defined endocytic pathway. Transfer was greater in AML blasts compared with normal cord blood CD34+ cells. Finally, we demonstrate that mitochondrial transfer was observed in vivo in an NSG immunodeficient mouse xenograft model and also occurred in human leukemia initiating cells and progenitors. As mitochondrial transfer provides a clear survival advantage following chemotherapy and a higher leukemic long-term culture initiating cell potential, targeting mitochondrial transfer could represent a future therapeutic target for AML treatment
Jühling, Tina. "ARNt "manchots" : structure, fonctionnalité et évolution." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ119/document.
Full textTRNAs are adapter molecules linking the genetic information of messenger RNAs with the primary amino acid sequence of proteins. tRNAs have a typical cloverleaf-like secondary structure. Some mitochondrial tRNAs show a high derivation from this canonical tRNA structure. An extreme case of structural truncations can be observed in mitochondria of the nematode R. culicivorax. This study aims the functional characterization of such “bizarre” tRNAs in defining their structural properties and their functionality with interacting partner proteins such as CCA-adding enzymes and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. This work reveals that armless tRNAs form a hairpin-shaped secondary structure. 3D structures exhibit a high intrinsic flexibility. Initial tests could not demonstrate aminoacylation activity. However, armless tRNAs represent functional molecules for CCA-incorporation, indicating adaptations of CCA-adding enzymes to armless tRNAs
Brouquisse, Renaud. "Etude des protéines fer-soufre des mitochondries végétales : caractérisation et purification de l'aconitase." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10088.
Full textThambo, Jean-Benoît. "Cardioprotection vis-à-vis de l'ischémie : étude du rôle du transfert énergétique et du canal KATP mitochondrial chez le rat." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23039.
Full textSuharsono. "Effet du gène mitochondrial atp9 non-édité sur la fertilité, chez des plantes transgéniques de nicotiana tabacum." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28256.
Full textBenel, Laurent. "Influence du transfert in vitro et des conditions de culture sur l'activité et la biogenèse mitochondriales du chondrocyte articulaire de lapin." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA114809.
Full textValentin, Clarisse. "Développement de statégies moléculaires permettant d'importer des séquences d'intérêt dans les mitochondries des cellules végétales." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13173.
Full textTo date, no methodology has been described to genetically transform higher plant mitochondria, either for selection reasons or due to the size of these organelles. Therefore, it is currently not possible to manipulate mitochondrial gene expression. In this context, we tried to exploit physiological mechanisms to import nucleic acids into plant mitochondria in vivo. The first strategy takes advantage of the naturally existing mechanism of tRNA import from the cytosol into mitochondria. We used the aminoacylatable tRNA-like structure (TLS) formed by the 82 terminal nucleotides of the 3' end of the TYMV (Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus) RNA as a vector for import into mitochondria. We showed that the TLS is imported into mitochondria in vivo and that it can transport a passenger sequence. The second approach makes use of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirE2 protein as a channel for the import of nucleic acids. During agroinfection, this protein does form a channel across the plasma membrane of the infected cell to facilitate the translocation of the T-DNA. We showed that the VirE2 protein integrates into the mitochondrial membrane in vitro and that isolated mitochondria pretreated with VirE2 protein have an increased permeability in the presence of DNA. We also characterized an atypical sequence in the minor coat protein of the BNYVV (Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus) which permits the mitochondrial targeting of the viral particles. This sequence will be suitable to direct the VirE2 protein to the mitochondria in vivo. Once these methodologies will be operational, we shall develop antisense approaches to act on the level and/or translation of specific mRNAs in the mitochondria of plant cells in vivo
Kolesnikova, Olga. "Importation mitochondriale d'ARN de transfert : Etude du mécanisme de transport chez la levure et application à la thérapie génique de maladies neuromusculaires humaines." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13074.
Full textIn the yeast S. Cerevisiae, a single nuclear-coded tRNA, tRNALysCUU (tRK1), is partially imported in the mitochondria, while the other lysine isoacceptor is restricted to the cytosolic (tRK2) compartment. To be imported, tRK1 must be aminoacylated by the cytoplasmic lysyl-tRNA synthetase and to interact with the precursor mitochondrial lysyl-tRNA synthetase. We constructed chimaeric tRNA transcripts containing in part sequences of tRK1 and in part sequences of tRK2, and tRK1 transcripts containing all possible one-base replacements in the anticodon. We found that the position C34 was a positive import determinant. Some mutant versions were imported in misacylated form. This was exploited to address the question of the functionality of the imported tRNA in mitochondrial translation. In vitro, we used the fact that the version tRK1CAU was imported in its methionylated form. After import of [35S]-methionine charged tRNA, we observed that the labeled amino acid was incorporated into mitochondrial translation products. In vivo, we developped a suppression assay in a strain bearing an Ala-to-amber mutation in the mitochondrial COX2 gene. The respiratory deficient phenotype could be suppressed by expression in the nucleus of an importable suppressor tRNA. We exploited these data to develop an artificial tRNA import system in human cells. Indeed, such a system could allow the use of gene therapy to cure mitochondrial diseases resulting from mutations in mitochondrial genes. We demonstrated that human mitochondria internalize tRK1 and several of its mutant versions in vitro and in vivo. We next used cybrid cell lines bearing mutation A8344G in the tRNALys gene (causing the MERRF syndrome). These cybrid lines are known to be respiratory deficient. Importable tRK versions were expressed in these cells and the clones expressing the transgenic tRNAs above a certain threshold level were shown to have partially recovered from their respiratory defect
Hernould, Michel. "Etude de l'expression chez des plantes transgéniques, d'un gène mitochondrial non-édité (atp9) : effet sur la fertilité." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28229.
Full textCottet‐Rousselle, Cécile. "Mesure par microscopie confocale du métabolisme mitochondrial et du niveau énergétique cellulaire au cours d’épisodes de carences en substrats et/ou en oxygène." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE3096/document.
Full textMitochondria form an information hub at the center of the cellular metabolism because of its physiological role consisting in the porduction of ATP from the degradation of porducts stemming from our food through the OXPHOS process. However, changes in the functionnig of the mitochondria can be responsible for numerous diseases. Among the different foms of metabolic stress leading to mitchondrial dysfunctions, ischemia-reperfusion can be found in numerous pathological situations. This work aims at developing a methodological approach based on confocal microscopy and image analysis to dissect –at cell level- the consequences of metabolic stress induced by episodes of deprivation in substrata associated or not with hypoxia or anoxia. Having developed the program of image analysis based on the « tophat » method, two approaches were designed to vizualize and quantify the mitochondrial function. The first one, combining TMRM labelling with NADH fluorescence made it possible to highlight some differences in the response to the stress caused by ischemia-reperfusion at the level of the respiratory chain or concerning the PTP opening in the four cellular types that were tested : HMEC-1, INS1, RT112 or pirmary heaptocyes. The second approach consisted in testing the use of biosensors designed to follow the variations of ATP concentration (ATeam) or the activation of AMPK (AMPKAR). The experimental conditions established in this work did not allow us to validate their use
Fréchin, Mathieu. "Identification et rôles des partenaires de la voie de transamidation de la mitochondrie de Saccharomyces cerevisiae dans l'adaptation à la respiration." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6101.
Full textThe formation of cytoplasmic (c) glutaminyl (Q)-tRNAQ allowing insertion of Q into proteins during ribosome-mediated translation proceeds via direct tRNA aminoacylation by a specific Q-tRNA synthetase (QRS). However, the synthesis of mitochondrial (m) Q-tRNAQ required for the specific organellar translation system is still matter of debate. In fact, no mQRS can be found in any eukaryotic genomes sequenced so far. Thus, it is almost impossible to predict which pathway, direct or indirect, generates this organellar aminoacyl (aa)-tRNA species in a given eukaryote. Eukaryotes have, a priori, two possibilities to generate a Q-mtRNAQ: either they use the direct pathway via the import the cQRS or they use an indirect tRNA-dependent transamidation pathway which implies the presence of a non discriminating (nd) ERS and of a tRNA-dependent amidotransferase (AdT) in the organelle. We have shown that Pet112 is a part of a yeast mitochondrial amidotransferase, but also that the necessary ndERS is the cytoplasmic form of ERS (nd-cERS) which is able to be localized both in the cytoplasm and the mitochondrion. The dual localization of the nd-cERS is controlled by Arc1p, the cytoplasmic partner of the nd-cERS. This project represents an important breakthrough in the fields of aminoacylation and mitochondrial import. We describe a new strategy: the use of a cytosolic anchoring platform, for the dual localization of a single translational product, suggesting that any protein in a complex, even if well characterized in a specific subcellular compartment, might be able to reach other compartments upon release from the complex. We then show that ARC1 transcription is controlled by the Snf1/4 pathway that decreases Arc1p upon adaptation to respiration. However, its two partners, cERS and cMRS, stay stably expressed leading to an increase of the free cMRS and cERS pools. These released forms are then imported in the nucleus and the mitochondria respectively, in order to synchronize expression of respiratory chain (RC) partners. RC partners are encoded in a split manner in the nucleus and the mitochondrion, cMRS promotes transcription of a subset of the RC genes encoded by the nucleus, whereas cERS increase the translation rate of mitochondrial-encoded partners of the RC. By proving that Arc1p is an essential relay for the Snf1/4 pathway we propose for the first time a mechanism explaining how synchronization of the RC gene expression is achieved. This represents the most important conceptual change we made, in which we show the advantages of the dynamic control of a protein complex as a strategy to synchronize gene expression of genomes located in different compartments
Niazi, Adnan Khan. "Régulation et coordination rétrograde de l'expression génétique mitochondriale." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00940588.
Full textSchirtz, Tom. "Etude du mécanisme de translocation de l'ARNtLys dans les mitochondries de Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868796.
Full textBonnefond, Luc. "La tyrosyl-ARNt synthétase mitochondriale humaine : originalités fonctionnelles, structurales et place dans l'évolution." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196315.
Full textJühling, Frank. "Structure and evolution of animal mitochondrial tRNAs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ012.
Full textThe bioinformatic approaches presented in this thesis include the development of databases for classical tRNAs and the mitochondrial tRNAs of metazoans. They are based on new tools for the detection of "bizarre" tRNA genes and sequences, and for the calculation of alignments based on their structural features. The analysis of collected sequences have led to an global overview on the diversity of tRNAs in mitochondrial genomes covering all taxonomic groups of metazoans, but also to a better understanding of genome organization and their evolution. The present study revealed the existence of the smallest known tRNA so far and provides the basis for understanding the three-dimensional folding of mitochondrial tRNA. This work helps to better understand the structure/function relationships of human mitochondrial tRNAs and, in particular, the dysfunctions in mitochondrial pathologies
Oulès, Bénédicte. "Impact physiologique du transfert de calcium entre le réticulum endoplasmique (RE) et la mitochondrie : rôle de l'isoforme SERCAI tronquée (S1T) dans le stress du RE et la maladie d'Alzheimer." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T063.
Full textCalcium (Ca2+) transfer between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria is mediated through dynamic contacts sites. We showed that the truncated isoform of SERCA1 (S1T) initiates and simplifies the proapoptotic pathway of the ER stress signaling. In addition, owing to its localization at the ER-mitochondria contacts sites, it determines a localized ER Ca2+ leak towards the mitochondria leading to mitochondrial apoptosis. We also demonstrated that S1T is overexpressed in Alzheimer's disease. In parallel, Aβ accumulates in ER-mitochondria contact sites. In addition, an extensive analysis of subcellular Ca2+ signaling allowed us to demonstrate its drastic deregulation. Lastly, we have revealed that Ca2+ control bioenergetics pathways in Leigh's disease related to mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II deficiency. Our results showed the impact of Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria-related pathologies
Cabrera, Aulestia Francisco Javier. "Treating Cellular Stress and Damage : Use of Healthy Mitochondria Isolated from Donor Cells in the Artificial Mitochondria Transfer / Transplant (Amt/T) to Repair Mitochondrial Disfunction in Differentiated (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells) and Germinal Cells (Oocytes)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT073.
Full textAccording to the endosymbiotic theory, mitochondria is an organelle derived from an ancient alpha-proteobacteria that developed a symbiosis with a eukaryotic ancestor. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exists in hundreds to thousands of copies in each cell and encodes for 13 structural proteins which are subunits of respiratory chain. Mitochondria generate energy for cellular processes by producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Also, they control other processes as nucleotide and heme syntheses, redox balance, calcium metabolism, waste management (urea and ROS) and apoptosis. mtDNA deletions, point mutations, thymine dimers and mtDNA depletions are strongly related with disease in humans and other mammals. Some mtDNA alterations can arise spontaneously during life spam, other can be inherited by maternal lineage as specific mutations. So, nuclear DNA mutations can produce mitochondrial disorders because while mtDNA encodes 13 proteins, mitochondria need almost 2000 proteins with structural and functional roles. In these cases, a mendelian inheritance pattern can be observed. mtDNA alterations can be produced by exposure to toxic substances or UV and high-energy radiations. mtDNA mutations are cumulative because mitochondria lack reparative mechanisms. Normal and mutant mtDNA can coexist in the same cell, a condition known as heteroplasmy. Heteroplasmy allows the persistence of an otherwise lethal mutation through generations. Mitochondrial disorders can appear as myopathies, cardiomyopathies, lactic acidosis diabetes mellitus, female’s subfertility, lipodystrophy, neuropathies as autism or Alzheimer’s diseases or haematological and renal disorders. Due to heteroplasmy, these disorders can appear with a wide range of intensities, because the mutant mtDNA needed to cause a disorder varies among organisms, among organ systems and within a given tissue, and depends on a delicate balance between ATP supply and demand. Another kind of problem surges at tissues under hypoxemic-related damage, where mitochondria play an important role in cell survival and recovery. Finally, the role played by mitochondria in cancer survival and treatment is focused in many researches.Mitochondrial disorders have not a single treatment. In the most serious cases of inherited mitochondrial diseases, the supportive treatment only improves the life quality slightly. Nowadays, the most of experimental approaches search prevents the clinical manifestations of these diseases by reducing the mutant mtDNA percentage into the oocyte or the early embryo via nuclear transfer. Artificial Mitochondrial Transfer/Transplant (AMT/T) rises as an alternative to many acquired or inherited mitochondrial disorders, both ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo conditions. The present work shows the variation of an AMT/T method -MitoCeption- in a cellular model for in vitro treatment of acquired mtDNA disorder caused by UV Radiation by using Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) and the feasibility of the same method for ex vivo AMT/T to murine oocytes and early embryos. In the in vitro model of cell damage by UV radiation, the main results represent an upgrading in the applications of AMT/T. We showed that PBMCs could be used as a primary allogeneic mixed source of mitochondria. We also showed that these mitochondria can be transferred in a mix from different donors (PAMM) to UVR-damaged, non-adherent primary cells. Additionally, the duration of the MitoCeption protocol was reduced. On the other hand, Mitoception used on murine oocytes and early embryos probed to be a safe method for AMT/T by using human mitochondrial mix (PAMM). Murine 0ocytes’ and embryos’ exogenous mitochondrial content was observed by fluorescence microscopy and exogenous mtDNA was quantified by qPCR and 2ΔCT method. Finally, healthy murine new-borns were obtained by embryo transfer, probing that human mitochondria were removed from murine cells during embryo’s development after implantation
Monnet, François-Paul. "Caractérisation d'une protéine de fixation de lipides du blé dur (purification, séquençage, ADN complémentaire) : relations aux protéines végétales de transfert de lipides et aux inhibiteurs d'amylase/trypsine des céréales." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20311.
Full textMorelle, Geoffrey. "Les ARN de transfert, une nouvelle source de petits ARN non-codants chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ015/document.
Full textDuring the last decade, a new class of small non-coding RNAs called tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) has emerged. Whilst the canonic role of tRNA is well-known, the reason(s) why stable tRFs remains in the cell is unknown. Indeed, the number of tRFs has rapidly increased in various evolutionary divergent organisms. To date, only few data on their biogenesis and on their biological roles is known but their importance in the regulation of gene expression and in cell life is expanding. In plants, the existence of tRFs has also been reported but only few data are available. Using deep-sequencing on various small RNA libraries from Arabidopsis thaliana and Northern blots experiments, we confirmed the existence of a large but specific population of tRFs. Following these observations, three questions are addressed. First, what are the enzymes responsible for tRFs biogenesis, second where are tRFs generated and third, are tRFs merely degredation by-products or do they have biological functions?
Fender, Aurélie. "Etude comparative de couples ARNt / aminoacyl-ARNt synthétases chez la levure et la mitochondrie humaine." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139137.
Full textLes aspects fonctionnels et structuraux ont été davantage explorés par des essais de cristallisation et des approches in vivo.
Jusqu'à présent, il était admis que les règles de reconnaissance et d'aminoacylation d'ARNt isoaccepteurs pour un système donné devaient être identiques. L'analyse d'une famille d'ARNt isoaccepteurs de l'arginine de levure et de sa relation particulière avec l'ARNtAsp nous ont permis d'établir que : (i) les isoaccepteurs sont arginylés avec des efficacités différentes (un facteur 20 les sépare) et sont protégés de la misaminoacylation par des antidéterminants idiosyncrasiques, (ii) l'isoaccepteur ARNt4
Arg possède des propriétés d'aspartylation, vestiges de son histoire évolutive, puisque seulement deux mutations sont
suffisantes pour convertir sa spécificité – c'est un exemple de génération de la diversité moléculaire par duplication de gènes. Les systèmes d'aminoacylation mt de mammifères restent peu étudiés, et ce malgré la « bizarrerie » structurale et l'implication dans des
pathologies sévères de leurs ARNt, codés par le génome mt. Nos efforts ont permis l'assignement des 10 gènes nucléaires manquants codant pour les aaRS mt humaines. Ceux-ci
sont portés par un jeu de gènes différents de celui codant pour les sysnthétases cytoplasmiques. L'analyse détaillée du système d'aspartylation, choisi comme système modèle a révélé (i) une identité de l'ARNt mt moins stringente que celle des ARNt classiques, (ii) une adaptation subtile et ciblée de l'aaRS mt, codée par le génome nucléaire et de type bactérien. Ceci illustre un processus de co-évolution entre les génomes mt et nucléaire
humain. De plus, j'ai déterminé les signaux qui protègent l'ARNtAsp mt d'être un substrat des aaRS non mt. De manière surprenante, ce n'est pas la dégénérescence structurale globale de
l'ARNt qui empêche le plus cette aminoacylation croisée mais une simple paire de bases du bras D.
Zhuo, Degen. "The mitochondrial S7 ribosomal protein gene: Evidence of gene transfer from the mitochondrion to the nucleus." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9833.
Full textMesecke, Nikola. "Das Disulfidbrücken-Transfer-System der Mitochondrien." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-85293.
Full textMesecke, Nikola. "Das Disulfidbrücken-Transfer-System der Mitochondrien." kostenfrei, 2008. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8529/.
Full textEnkler, Ludovic. "Le complexe multisysthématique AME de levure : dynamique de l'édifice et rôles non canoniques de ces composants." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ055/document.
Full textMultisynthetase complexes (MSC) are complexes made of several proteins and were identified in a wide variety of organisms from pro- to eukaryotes. They are usually made of assembly factors and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which are responsible for the aminoacylation of their corresponding tRNAs during translation. Depending on the organisms, size and composition of these complexes differ greatly and their role is not fully understood yet. Although it seems that in eukaryotes, accretions of aaRSs into MSC prevent aaRSs to perform their additional functions. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we show that the dynamic of the AME complex, made of the méthionyl- and glutamyl-tRNA synthetases (MRS and ERS) and the assembly protein Arc1p is linkedto yeast metabolism. In respiration, MRS is imported in the nucleus to act as a transcription factor and regulates the expression of nuclear genes belonging to complex III and V of the respiratory chain, while ERS is imported in mitochondria to activate translation. This study shows that synchronous relocation of both aaRSs is crucial for yeast cells to adapt to respiratory metabolism
Richardson, Aaron Olson. "Horizontal gene transfer in angiosperm mitochondria function, recombination, and origin of foreign sequences in the mitochondrial genomes of the Zingiberaceae and Amborellaceae /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297106.
Full textTitle from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 29, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: B, page: 0842. Adviser: Jeffrey D. Palmer.
Gowher, Ali. "Characterization of protein factors targeting RNA into human mitochondria." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071841.
Full textDoublet, Vincent. "Structure et évolution du génome mitochondrial des Oniscidea (Crustacea, Isopoda)." Poitiers, 2010. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers/theses/2010/Doublet-Vincent/2010-Doublet-Vincent-These.pdf.
Full textIn animals, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is generally composed of ~16 kb circular monomer molecules. However, two species of terrestrial Crustaceans Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellionides pruinosus (Isopoda: Oniscidea) are exceptions. Their mtDNA is composed of ~14 kb linear monomers associated to ~28 kb circular head-to-head dimers. In order to describe its structure, the complete mtDNA sequence of A. Vulgare has been obtained. It does contain the 13 protein coding genes and the 2 ribosomal sub-units generally found in metazoan mtDNA, but not all of the 22 expected transfer RNA (tRNAs). Besides, a surprising heteroplasmy that generates a dual tRNA alloacceptor for both amino acids Alanine and Valine (tRNAAla/Val) has been discovered. This heteroplasmy by the presence of two different genes on a single mitochondrial locus is an unique example in eukaryotes. Interestingly, this heteroplasmy has been observed in a wide range of Oniscidea species carrying an atypical mtDNA. The appearance of the atypical mitochondrial genome in isopods may have permit the appearance of the tRNAAla/Val, and evolutionary forces that allow the maintenance of these two genes essential for mitochondrial translation might conserve the atypical structure of mtDNA