Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transfert de technologie – Afrique occidentale'
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Ba, Aminata. "L'introduction des medias modernes au sein de sociétés de l'oralité (Mali, Mauritanie, Niger, Sénégal)." Rennes 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN20015.
Full textIn the early sixties, when most of the African states became independent, it was believed that the advent of new information technologies would give opportunities to developping countries. The main objective was the eradication of illiteracy by the means of modern communication technologies, such as educative television and rural broadcasting. At present results, look disapointing. During the introduction of these technologies, which were not really adapted for developing countries, the social and cultural realities of these countries as well as the impact of oral transmittance were ignored. Today, the link between oral transmittance and modern media is to be evaluated differently when considering urban or rural areas. The complementarity between the two communication systems functions in the urban areas because oral aspects (proverbs, tales. . . ) Persist in urban communities. In the rural areas, imported media are often percieved as belonging to the entertainment sector and this for two main reasons : - the high illiteracy rates, which encourage the traditional forms of knowledge acquirement, - the inadequate infrastructure that hampers development of communication facilities. The multiple consequences of this are : growing disparity between the urban area and the country side, unequal development of communication facilities and an increase of the communication gap between citizens from the same country. This situation creates a society in which, part of the citizens can develop a worlwide view while others have only access to a restricted choice of information channels
Lanckriet, Edouard. "Le Système d’Innovation Technologique des agroénergies de la canne à sucre, un outil de développement durable au Brésil, quels enseignements pour la formation des politiques de développement liées au capital naturel en Afrique de l’Ouest ?" Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0013/document.
Full textIn Brazil, sugar cane is used as a raw material for the production of sugar, fuel, and electricity. This industrial model has enabled the country to build a competitive advantage on the biomass productivity of its soils. It has been promoted in Africa but the majority of African bioenergy projects have been a failure. This raises the question of the interest of the model in Brazil, of the role of bioenergy in a development strategy.The Brazilian model is a Technological Innovation System, the sugar cane TIS, which we analyze in the long term. Since the end of the 19th century, it has been structured to import, adapt and spread technologies in order to diversify sugar cane markets. The biofuel sector required the creation of an alternative technological system, financed by the State through the Proalcool Program (1975 to 1985); Created to absorb the surpluses of the sugar sector and for the energy security of the country. Public support was key in the evolution of the TIS, forged in the wake of the country's social and economic crises. The sugar cane TIS has enabled Brazil to train its human capital in the valorization of natural capital, which enables it today to experiment a new change : the agroecological conversion of the cane cultivation model, that would allow regenerating the Natural Capital soil. Based on our analysis of the Brazilian model we formulate an analysis of the factors of failure of the African jatropha biofuel projects and make a proposal for the structuring of a biofuel TIS adapted to West Africa stakes of development, which we suggest to back up to the oilseed chain
No Brasil, a cana-de-açúcar é utilizado como matéria-prima na fabricação de açúcar, combustível e eletricidade. Este modelo de negócio tem permitido ao país para transformar a produtividade de biomassa de seu solo em uma vantagem competitiva. Ele foi promovido na África, mas a maioria dos projetos de agroenergia africanos houve uma falha. Isso levanta a questão do interesse do modelo no Brasil, bem como o papel da bioenergia em uma estratégia de desenvolvimento. O modelo brasileiro é um Sistema de Inovação Tecnológica, o SIT da cana, que analisamos a longo prazo. Ele é estruturado desde o final do século XIX para importação, adaptação e difusão de tecnologias afim de diversificar os mercados de cana. O setor do etanol combustível tem necessidade de um sistema tecnologia alternativa, financiado pelo governo através do Programa Proálcool (1975-1985); ele foi criado para absorver os excedentes do sector do açúcar e para a segurança energética do país. O apoio público tem sido fundamental para a evolução do SIT, foi forjada pelas crises sociais e económicas do país. Hoje o SIT da cana-de-açúcar experimenta um modelo de produção agroecológica para o cultivo da cana, ele deveria ser capaz de regenerar o capital natural. Nossa análise do modelo brasileiro nos permite fazer uma análise dos fatores de não-sucesso dos projetos africanos de produção de biocombustível de jatropha. Nós formular uma proposta de estruturação de um SIT da agroenergia Oeste Africano adaptado às questões de desenvolvimento locais, propomos a ser associado ao setor oleaginosa
Diagana, Abdoulaye. "Transfert de normes et logiques d'acteurs en pays soninké : quand la décentralisation redistribue les équilibres politiques à l'échelle locale : Mauritanie, Mali, Sénégal." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL034.
Full textThe evolution of governance and, beyond that of education for democracy, is facing a crisis which impact on decision making are named profiteering, cronyism, manipulation of elections. . . The crisis of democracy is manifested by various symptoms which include the decline in voter turnout, the loss of trust in politicians, the declining credibility of political parties and, more generally, a loss of legitimacy of political institutions. Moreover, the ultimate manifestation of this disaffection is re flected in a series of protests and post election political violence which sometimes go up to the mortgage on the existence of these states while making it unlikely that the very idea of building a statonational project politically and economically viable. Therefore, what is the sense of experimenting democracy at a local level that is being introduced by the process of decentralization. ? Away from the centers of decision, the people of « the Soninke Country » are encouraged to develop a territory that the state has neglected for lack of ressources. This is over a background of tension between an effort of modernization and a traditional & conservative logic that the State is trying to give itself a meaning
Ki, Jean. "La franchise : stratégie et transfert de technologie dans les pays d'Afrique noire francophone (A.N.F.)." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR1D317.
Full textThe object of this thesis is to analyse strategies for international establishement of franchising especially in black african french speaking countries. This analysis permetted to show: - the interests and the limits for the franchisor, the franchisee and his country. -the conditions to respect for the good diffusion of franchising in the national country and in the black african french speaking countries. -a relative adaptation of franchising to the specificities of black african french speaking countries
Bend, Pauline. "Les dynamiques de l'intégration des sociétés africaines dans la communauté universelle : une analyse critique de la contribution du champ de l'information et de la communication à la problématique du développement." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082479.
Full textThe issues of Africa integration in the globalization or in the global information society are only the prolongation of an old dynamics of integration into an universal community, with for driving force the development, whose objective is to allow african societies to integrate the typical values of progress and to carry out the conditions wich would make them full members, sharing with others around free trade and democracy. More still than yesterday, the communication means and systems prove to be decisive by their capacity to produce economic, political and cultural changes and are, like the democracy, an indicator of exclusion or performance. This evolution is considered here in three stages, firstly the development wich makes the standardization of societies, then the international order structured by domination and dependance, and finally the advent of a global society wich signs improbable a communion with Africa
Ouattara, Oumar. "La veille technologique, adaptation aux pays africains : information, environnement, moyens, culture." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30071.
Full textMartin, Septime. "Technologies avancees : chance ou handicap pour les pays en developpement ( le cas de l'afrique de l'ouest )." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010016.
Full textAfter over 25 years of independance, west africa still experiences the damages of using conventional techniques not very adapted to its economic and social environment. Can the new technologies be a source of hope for this part of the world ? biotechnologies, thanks to their special characteristics can help struggling against famine, desertification, tropical illnesses as well as for developing rural integrated systems. The data processing technologies, alone or associated with biotechnologies can also helph this region for training, to accede to data as well as to the economy of productive ressources. The present orientation of the developing of new technologies doesn't seem to favor under-developed countries. So that the hopes raised by these technologies de not become vain, a close cooperation between the research centers of developed countries and those of africa seems indispensable. Only the political will expressed at the national and international level would give a decisive impulse to such a cooperation
Mbatchou, Lazare. "Le transfert de technologie dans le cadre de la gestion d'une entreprise de transports collectifs urbains en Afrique noire francophone : l'analyse de la SOTUC à Yaoundé." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX24006.
Full textThe failure of industrial investments in developing countries appear as a consequence of the lake of know how transfert, particulary the know how of services. In urban mass transportation, the production, managment and maintaining of equipments prove this observation. But in the present situation, the interaction betwen protagonists is very capital. Public authorities don't perceive that the creation of urban mass transportation institutions is urgent. In these conditions, not the multinational, the main responsible of transfert, nor the managers can work for the general economic interest. There is not a financial interest of them. They can not surmount all the constraints, specially the public authorities one. The way to manage what exist in a context of ressources restriction is to find applicable solutions which could leave to the managers the margin of li berty to work with the preoccupations of the future, and not to be concerned about present interest
Modandi, Moïse Tétu Jean-François. "Développement de la téléphonie mobile et lien social en Afrique le cas du Gabon /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2005. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2005/modandi_m.
Full textTiemtoré, Windpouiré Zacharia Albero Brigitte Balima Théophile Serge. "Les technologies de l'information et de la communication dans l'éducation en Afrique subsaharienne." Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199259/fr.
Full textModandi, Moïse. "Développement de la téléphonie mobile et lien social en Afrique : le cas du Gabon." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/modandi_m.
Full textThe generalization of the use of the mobile phone in Africa and Gabon in specific is a reality. It is a behavior with no precedent. It thus raises the question of information technologies and new forms of communication. This in turn invokes the issue of "information era". In this effervescence for mobile telephony, many questions deserve to be posed. Undoubtedly the most significant one is: why this passion? With a critical analysis of this question on realizes that currently this technological developpement doesn't have any importance at least from an economic standpoint. Despite the lack of economic evolution, there is an increasing usage of mobile pones in Gabon. Thus we treat people' attachment to the mobile phones as a need of communication. That being the lesson which one can learn from the generalized establishment of the mobile phones in Africa and in Gabon in particular, one can look at mobile phone usage in terms of interpersonal relations and social relations
Lejosne, Nicolas. "Transfert de technologie : les dimensions oubliées. A partir de l'étude et la comparaison de trois cas au sein de PME béninoises." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002929.
Full textGuebsi, Ridha. "Impact de la vapeur d’eau et des aérosols désertiques sur le bilan radiatif et leurs contributions à l’intensification de la dépression thermique en Afrique de l’Ouest." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV019/document.
Full textThis work aims at enhancing our understanding of the radiative impact of aerosols and water vapor on the dynamics of the Saharan Heat Low (SHL) using a combination of space-borne observations (MODIS, OMI, CALIOP) and a radiative transfer model (STREAMER). The mean seasonal variability of aerosol optical depth (AOD) and integrated water vapor content (IWVC) over the Sahara, averaged over the last 11 years, is found to be well correlated with the seasonal evolution of the SHL. After the onset of the SHL, the IWVC is observed to increase steadily over the Sahara while the AOD exhibits a localized maximum during August associated with the presence of deep convective systems forming over the Hoggar Mountains.To estimate the seasonal radiative impact of water vapor and desert aerosols, STREAMER was used to calculate the net monthly radiative budget from May to September. Average monthly temperature and humidity profiles obtained from the European center for medium range weather forecast (ECMWF) analyses and extinction coefficient profiles derived from CALIOP are used as input parameters for the model calculation.Our work shows that the aerosols forcing in the shortwave (SW) dominates the net surface radiative budget, while water vapor is the strongest player in terms of longwave (LW) forcing. The SW and LW forcing associated with aerosols and water vapor, respectively, contribute to heating the lower troposphere over the Sahara during the summer (when the SHL is over the Sahara). In turn, this heating intensifies the cyclonic circulation of the SHL thereby leading to enhanced advection of water vapor towards the Sahara.Hence, analyzing the decadal trends of water vapor in the Tropics and sub-Tropics is important to increase knowledge of the dynamics of the SHL, a pivotal feature of the West African Monsoon system.For the first time we show the impact of the variability of the African monsoon associated with the modulation of the latitude of intertropical discontinuity (ITD), the Saharan Heat Low (SHL), the low level jet (LLJ) and African Easterly Jet (AEJ) on the uprising of dust during the periods of June 2006 and June 2011, corresponding to the AMMA and FENNEC field campaigns, respectively.
Bertaud, Alexandre. "Des guerriers au contact : transferts de technologie et évolutions tactiques en Europe occidentale du IIIème au Ier s. a.C." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30002.
Full textDuring the last centuries BC, late prehistorical societies were struggled against great Mediterranean Powers. With this proximity, some weapon modifications has been seen as a one way exchange: between one people and Rome. We want to study the warfare interactions in Western Europe in a large range of possibility by the analyses of all the warlike artefacts exchanged without focusing on the Mediterranean Powers against the prehistorical peoples. Through this we can understand the warfare interactions mechanisms. Introducing the main cultural groups and discussing the history of weaponry research, we propose to understand the place of the weapon in the late prehistorical societies. Through the trustworthy discovery contexts (around 900), we want to understand the socio-cultural dynamics of each group in relation to warfare behavior. This relation will be seen during the long time to approach the modifications that are strictly from the prehistorical people or that are deliberate conducted by Rome. Through analyses of several weapons (more than 3500), we can highlight the choices of each cultural group and the adoptions. The fighting techniques are essential in the choices to adopt some weapons. This analyses leads us to propose some new ways to think about ancient issues as the roman gladius. We must use several kind of data to apprehend the warfare interaction in Western Europe. These analyses are useful to understand the warlike behavior in the societies and so the mechanics of weapon exchanges. They also permit to realize and relativize the impact of Rome, as in the rapport of the prehistorical societies to warfare, as the fighting techniques in the roman military system
Capo, Chichi Gilbert. "D’une perspective anthropologique vers l’élaboration d’un dispositif de management des connaissances en Afrique de l’Ouest." Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30006.
Full textAs the mutation of Humanities and Social Science supported by the disruption of information science paradigms and communication, knowledge organization systems to those worn by knowledge societies, it‟s important to reconsider the relationship between individuals, communities and technology in a learning process environment for knowledge capitalization. The objective of this thesis is to propose a hybrid model of knowledge capitalization supported by knowledge management in Benin context.The aims of this proposal, is to improve the results of the re-use of business knowledge. So we will start with a questioning of the existence of an endogenous knowledge capitalization model which can boost the development of West African enterprises in general and Benin in particular.To verify the possibility of the application or transposition of this traditional model to the realities of the business, we focuse on the factors that may affect the efficiency of the transfer process for capitalization. These factors were identified in our literature review in which we found multitude of techniques and theoretical approaches to understand the phenomenon. However, in this research, we are divided between two dominant schools of thought in this subject area that are constructivism and positivism. In this momentum, we start from an anthropological perspective towards the establishment of a knowledge capitalization system in West Africa. Inspired by the way the Yoruba Nago communities and Fa perceive corporate life and the transmission of knowledge (what knowledge transferred, for which tools and the impact of this transfer on the community).To achieve this goal mention above, we will conduct a qualitative exploratory approach to the various players in the Fa community of practice and also in some enterprises in Benin. This through the implementation (adaptation) of a knowledge capitalization device in the company, taking into account cultural and anthropological realities whose case is presented in this thesis by an empirical study
Tiemtoré, Windpouiré Zacharia. "Les technologies de l’information et de la communication dans l’éducation en Afrique subsaharienne : du mythe à la réalité : le cas des écoles de formation des enseignants au Burkina Baso." Rennes 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199259/fr/.
Full textThis research explores the consequences of introducing information and communication technologies (ICT) in the field of education in Sub-Saharan Africa. It seeks to identify, from a social policy perspective, the differences between the discourse adopted by differing social actors and actual field practice. The study is based on the integration of technologies in teacher training in Burkina Faso, where there are high levels of poverty and illiteracy. This work tries to show that the integration of the ICT in education, whose declared objective is to resolve structural, institutional and teaching problems, as well as reducing the socio-economic in-balance with other industrialized countries, is largely utopian, given the actual state of development in Burkina Faso – a utopia resulting from a mythical understanding of technology. After the presentation of the context of the research, (Chapter 1), the second chapter offers a review of the relevant literature and the theoretical approaches underpinning the research. Chapter 3 explains the methodology. The final chapter presents the results of the analysis, combining data from direct observation, official texts and interviews (25) with educators and politicians
Adetonah, Ghislain Serge Odon. "L’évasion fiscale des multinationales dans les pays de l’UEMOA." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0055/document.
Full textThe WAEMU countries, long hostile to foreign direct investment, under the combined effect of the globalization of the economy and the pressure of the institutions of Brettons Woods, have in the one hand, favored an internal access to International financial flows and on the other hand, offered tax incentives to multinationals. Thanks to financial liberalization and the prevailing economic ideology, the multinationals, by various subterfuges and taking advantage also of the institutional and organizational handicaps of the respective tax administrations of the member countries of the UEMOA space, escape their fiscal responsibilities towards these states. In order to reduce the harmful effects of tax evasion by multinationals, WAEMU countries must place particular emphasis on the modernization of their tax administrations on the one hand, and on the other hand, to include in all their agreements tax rules, anti-abuse clauses. Finally, these states must strengthen the fight against tax evasion by concerted action based on tax cooperation in the context of administrative assistance
Gui-Diby, Steve Loris. "Essays on the Impact of Foreign Direct Investments in Africa." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF10489/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to analyze the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows towards Africa on economic growth, industrialization, and technological transfer. Analyses aiming at studying the nexuses FDI-economic growth and FDI-industrialization are based on macroeconomic data from respectively 50 and 49 African countries observed during the period from 1980 to 2009; and analyses on FDI related technological spillovers are based on Kenyan firm-level data observed in the manufacturing sector during the period 2012/2013. Concerning the FDI-economic growth nexus, it is found that FDI inflows had a significant impact on economic growth in the African region during the period of interest. It also finds that while the low level of human resources did not limit the impact of FDI, and that the impact of FDI on economic growth was negative or non-significant during the period from 1980 to 1994 and positive during the period from 1995 to 2009. The results indicate that FDI most likely did not have a significant impact on the industrialization of African countries. Concerning the existence of FDI-related technological transfer, it is found that FDI inflows did not spur innovation in local firms competing against multinational firms
Chevrier, Benoît. "Les assemblages à pièces bifaciales au Pléistocène inférieur et moyen ancien en Afrique de l’Est et au Proche-Orient : nouvelle approche du phénomène bifacial appliquée aux problématiques de migrations, de diffusion et d’évolution locale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100115/document.
Full textThe “Out of Africa” model is deeply rooted in the issues of Paleolithic settlement. For the Lower and Early Middle Pleistocene, several waves of early hominid dispersal from Africa have been proposed, especially to the Near East on the basis of three major sites: Dmanisi, ‘Ubeidiya and Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov. This theory also conveys the idea of repeated imports of new techniques, including bifacial shaping.However, the mechanisms inherent in this model are deconstructed: it allows to identify conceptual and methodological obstacles from the “arrow paradigm”, which simplifies and reduces the complexity of technical and cultural phenomena.The absence of space and time in the “Out of Africa” model is a crippling flaw. To reintroduce these dimensions in the debate, an evolutionary view of technics is used and is inspired by thoughts from philosophy, ergonomics and geography. In Paleolithic prehistory, this point of view, developed over past fifteen years, led to work out a techno-functional methodology focused on notions of tool, gesture and functioning.A detailed study using this approach was conducted on four assemblages from East Africa and Near East, with some supplementary observations on three other collections Then a discussion is offered on various topics: (1) the processes of technical evolution over long time, (2) an alternative vision of settlements, which particularly considers the idea of independent inventions of bifacial shaping, and finally (3) the ability to define cultural spaces on different scales of time and space