Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transfert sol-plante'
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Vinit-Dunand, Florence. "Phytotoxicité et transfert sol-plante des éléments traces métalliques : influence de l'alimentation minérale." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2047.
Full textThe first aim of this work was to improve the knowledge of copper excess effects on photosynthesis and growth of plants. Growth inhibition of cucumber plants by low copper excess induce photosynthesis inhibition. By strong copper contamination the photosynthesis and the growth are directly altered. The storage of metals in the roots seems to be a shoots protection strategy for plants. An other aim of this work was to bring about the influence of sulphur supply on phytotoxicity and soil to plant copper transfers. A sufficient sulphur nutrition gives a slight protection for leaf expansion of cucumber contaminated by low copper excess. This positive influence is not linked with modification of soil to plant copper transfers. The hypothesis would be that the mechanisms of protection and detoxification such as ascorbate-glutathion cycle or phytochelatins could be involved
Echevarria, Guillaume. "Contribution à la prévision des transferts sol-plante des radionucléides." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL116N.
Full textTremel-Schaub, Anne. "Transfert du thallium du sol vers la plante : caractérisation du risque dans les agrosystèmes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1996_TREMEL_A.pdf.
Full textFerrand, Emmanuelle. "Etude de la spéciation en solution de la rétention dans les sols et du transfert sol-plante du zirconium." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066590.
Full textDupré-Camus, Françoise. "Transfert des radioéléments des sols aux végétaux : conditionnement des facteurs de transfert par la nature des sols, les formes chimiques et le mode d'apport." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX22025.
Full textMarcic, Christophe. "ÉVALUATION DU TRANSFERT DES POLLUANTS ORGANOSTANNIQUES DANS LE SYSTÈME SOL – PLANTE À PARTIR DE L'ÉPANDAGE DE BOUE DE STATION D'ÉPURATION." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012183.
Full textMarcic, Christophe. "Evaluation du transfert des polluants organostatiques dans le système sol-plante à partir de l'épandage de boue de station d'épuration." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3027.
Full textBlotevogel, Simon. "Etude des transferts élémentaires et mécanismes biogéochimiques dans le continuum sol-plante-vin par l'utilisation de traceurs isotopiques et biochimiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30373/document.
Full textIn western Europe, soil is of primordial importance for wine making. Soil qualities are often discussed and an influence on wine flavor is frequently inferred. However, evidence for a role of soil chemistry on wine composition and taste is scarce, but mineral nutrition of grapevine plants is one possible way of influence. This thesis approaches the complex question of elemental cycling between soil and plant through the use of geochemical tracers in vineyard environments. A combination of traditional tracers such as elemental ratios and mass balances as well as innovative tools such as Cu isotope analysis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) are used on different observation scales. The influence of soil type on wine elemental composition was investigated using over 200 wine samples from France, Germany, Italy and Spain. Results of chemical analysis were then statistically linked to environmental conditions. At this scale, elemental contents of wine vary depending on soil type (calcareous or not), meteorological conditions, and wine making practice. To determine which soil properties can influence the chemical composition of grapevine plants, two vineyard plots on contrasted soils in Soave (Italy) were examined. Soil forming mechanisms were studied along two catenas and subsequently linked to elemental composition of grapevine plants and biochemical markers of plant health. Even though soil morphology was different, complex soil forming processes led to similar geochemical properties of soils. Differences in plant chemical compositions between soil types are small compared to inter-individual and inter-annual variability. However the use of Sr isotopic ratios allows the determination of the pedological origin of plants. In a next step, the fate of Cu pesticides in vineyard soils was studied. Cu-based pesticides have been used for almost 150 years in European vineyards and Cu accumulates in soils, so that the fate of Cu and its ecotoxicological implications are of growing importance. Therefore, Cu mobility in vineyard soils and transfer to grapevine plants were investigated using stable Cu-isotope ratios and EPR-measurements. Isotope ratios of Cu-based fungicides vary largely between products, covering Cu isotope ratios in soils reported in literature and thus making source tracing impossible. However, Cu isotope ratios are useful for tracing biogeochemical mechanisms of Cu transport in soils. The vertical transport of Cu in different soil types was investigated in the Soave vineyard using a combination of mass balance calculations, kinetic extractions and δ65Cu-isotope ratios. Results suggest that Cu can be transported to depth even in carbonated environments. Besides it is shown that heavy organic-bound Cu is lost from carbonated soil columns likely caused by dissolution of Cu carbonates by organic matter. [...]
Planquart, Pierre (19. "Etude des mécanismes de transfert des métaux en traces dans le système boue compostée-sol-plante et recherche de perturbations induites." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11012.
Full textCelso, Dantas Antonino Antônio. "Modélisation des transferts de masse et de chaleur dans le système sol-plante-atmosphère : influence de la variabilité spatiale des caractéristiques hydrodynamiques du sol." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10096.
Full textBarataud, Fabienne. "Analyse physique des transferts hydriques dans un sol forestier à plusieurs échelles spatiales." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL026N.
Full textMatsodoum, Nguemte Pulchérie. "Phytoremédiation des sols pollués par les hydrocarbures : inventaires floristiques, évaluation des performances des espèces végétales et modélisation du transfert sol-plante des HAP." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD015/document.
Full textTo propose the implementation of phytoremediation process to clean up oil spill sites in Cameroon requires verified scientific arguments. The main objective of this thesis is to (i) carry out a floristic study of anarchic oil spill sites in Cameroon, (ii) test the phytoremediation potential of some plant species in soils contaminated with fuel oil, (iii) evaluate the effect of different hydrocarbon concentrations on morpho-anatomy and plant physiology, (iv) modelling the soil-plant transfer of PAHs. Floristic surveys of oil spill sites carried out in 4 Cameroonian cities have identified 106 species belonging to 76 genera and 30 families; amoung which 15 species are qualified as polluo-tolerant. Experiments have shown that the (C. dactylon, E. indica and A. sessilis) are involved into rhizodegradation of TPHs and PAHs; E. indica and C. dactylon having promoted a better phytoextraction of some PAHs compared to A. sessilis. Mechanistic modelling of the soil-plant transfer of PAHs confirmed these observations. Tolerance to PAHs is higher for both E. indica and C. dactylon than A. sessilis. The mixed cropping of E. indica and C. dactylon is highly impacted by PAHs. Cropping alone, the slowing down of C. dactylon's physiological processes in polluted soils does not have a significant impact on its phytoremediation potentialities. This makes it possible to recommend C. dactylon in the sustainable management of hydrocarbon-polluted soils worldwide in general, and particularly in Cameroon; for soil pollution not exceeding 33500 ppm
Pontiroli, Alessandra. "Devenir de l'ADN transgénique dans les environnements liés à la plante et au sol : implications potentielles dans les transferts horizontaux de gènes entre plantes transgéniques et bactéries." Lyon 1, 2006. http://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6bk19s3.
Full textHorizontal gene transfers (HGT) are considered as the major force of bacterial evolution, which allowed for the colonisation of most ecosystems of the biosphere. Mechanisms implied in such gene transfers are transduction, conjugation and natural transformation. Today, these mechanisms endow bacteria with an adaptive potential ensuing from different stress linked to chemical pollution by xenobiotics or massive antibiotic utilisation. HGT are also responsible for societal concerns about new technologies such as plant bioengineering, being held responsible of the dissemination of transgenes via natural transformation from transgenic plants to soil bacteria. This last HGT process is characterized by some universality, since bacteria may acquire genes of other microorganisms more or less phylogenetically related or even from eukaryotes such plants. This thesis project focused on the study of the fate of plant transgenic DNA in the environment and of its interactions with the microbiota. To this aim transplastomic tobacco plants, characterized for an extremely high transgene copy number per cell, and several complementary microbiological and molecular biological approaches have been used, to track the different levels of interaction between plant DNA and bacteria dwelling in the phytosphere or in soil. Our work allowed to determine the degree of persistence of DNA molecules released into soil by the decaying plant and of the maintenance of the DNA biological potential vis- à -vis the telluric microflora. Several ecological niches particularly favourable to horizontal gene transfer between plant and prokaryotes have been identified. This is paradigmatic in the case of decaying plant tissues (the residuesphere) which provided conditions conducive to bacterial growth and competence development. This work confirms that certains environmental conditions might be highly favourable for genetic exchange between bacteria and potentially allow the dispersion of plant transgenes towards the environmental microflora
Lamarque, Sophie. "Etude de la distribution spatiale du radiocésium (137 Cs), de son transfert sol-plante et de son devenir dans les écosystèmes forestiers faiblement contaminés." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2067.
Full textChehbouni, Abdelghani. "Présentation d'un modèle de transfert couplé de masse et de chaleur dans le système sol-végétation-atmosphère pour les zones arides et semi-arides." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30083.
Full textKerr, Yann H. B. "Echanges énergétiques à l'interface sol-atmosphère par télédétection : complémentarités des différents domaines de longueurs d'ondes." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30109.
Full textBarraza, Castelo Fiorella. "Evaluation de l'exposition humaine liée aux activités pétrolières en Equateur : de la surveillance de la qualité de l'air à l'étude du transfert des contaminants métalliques dans le continuum sol-plante." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30168/document.
Full textEcuador is the 5th crude oil producer country in South America. Oil extraction and refining generate toxic waste containing metals co-emitted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), naturally present in crude oil or added during production, and known for their carcinogenic and toxic effects in humans. In this context and as a part of the ANR MONOIL program, the first aim of this PhD research was to determine the distribution of metal(loid)s in the environment in the provinces of Orellana and Sucumbíos (oil extraction, North Amazon " NAR ") and the city of Esmeraldas (oil refining, North Pacific Coast, " NPC "). The second aim was to determine if there was a transfer of toxic metals, such as Cd, from soil or air to cacao crops, widely cultivated in Ecuador, and if the consumption of cacao-based products could imply risks for human health. Finally, the third aim was to monitor air quality over 2 years in both areas to assess the impact of anthropogenic activities and the oxidative burden of particulate matter (PM10). Soils and local crops were collected in 31 small-scale farms, between 2014 and 2016. Monthly PM10 samples were collected in 3 sites, in the vicinity of oil platforms close to the refinery. PM10 chemical composition (contents in metals, organic and elementary carbon (OC, EC), ions, sugars, polyols, PAHs) was determined. Human health risk assessment was performed taking into account ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. Non carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects were quantified using the Hazard Index (HI) and the Total Cancer Risk (TCR). Bioaccessibility of Cd after ingestion was determined by the BARGE in vitro test in cacao beans and liquors. In aerosols, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation was quantified using 3 acellular assays: DTT (dithiothreitol), AA (ascorbic acid) and DCFH (2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein). Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Ni, V and Zn concentrations in 72% of the study soils exceeded the limits of the Ecuadorian legislation. For most of the crops, elements were below the limits of detection but, Cd in cacao and Pb in manioc were above the international standards for food quality. Cacao trees accumulate Cd in leaves, pod husks and beans. Because Cd contents in crude oil were below the detection limits, agrochemical products and natural inputs may also be important sources. Almost 100% of the total Cd content in cacao beans and liquor was bioaccessible by ingestion. The health risk after chocolate consumption was low to high, depending on the ingestion rate and the cacao liquor percentage. In PM10, As, Cd, Ni and Pb were below the EU thresholds. However, Ba and Mo, specific tracers of oil activities, used as weighting agents or catalyzers during drilling and refining, showed values much higher than those recorded in other urban-industrialized sites. PM10 composition depended on oil activity. OC/EC ratios were higher in the NAR (oil extraction) than in the NPC (oil refining), suggesting that biogenic emissions were more important in the Amazon area. PAHs contents were higher in the NPC, but levels of benzo-a-pyrene were below the EU limits. Oxidative potential results showed that compounds emitted by oil industry (PAHs, Ba, Ni, Zn) and by biomass burning (sugars) in the NAR as well as industrial tracers in the NPC (As, Ba, Ni, NH4+) were correlated with ROS generation. Regarding residential exposure, the main routes of exposure to metal(loid)s were first ingestion, inhalation and in a small extent soil dermal contact, being both children and adults vulnerable. Finally, the oil Ecuadorian environment is not only contaminated by oil activities. Other factors like deforestation, agriculture and natural emissions (volcanos) in the NAR and industries in the NPC also contribute to environmental damages and may lead to adverse health effects
Rothfuss, Youri. "Partition de l'évapotranspiration réelle en évaporation du sol et transpiration des couverts végétaux à partir du traçage naturel en milieu contrôlé : expérimentation et modélisation SiSPAT_Isotopes." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066682.
Full textLascar, Eric. "Comportement du radium et ses ascendants radioactifs dans les sols et transfert dans les végétaux terrestres." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAH002/document.
Full textThis work investigates the behaviour of Ra within a forest ecosystem (Montiers, Meuse). It is based on the quantification of several isotopic tracers (U- and Th- series disequilibria, isotopic ratios of 228Ra/226Ra and 87Sr/86Sr) in the different compartments of the water-soil-plant system. The research goals were : 1) to study the mobility of Ra and its radioactive ascendants in the separated mineral fractions of a soil profile, 2) to evaluate the transfer of Ra to the water-plant system, 3) to characterise the transfer of Ra and its residence time onto the vegetation, 4) to realise an account of the biogeochemical cycle of Ra. This work shows a strong redistribution of U, Th and Ra depending on their respective affinities with the different mineral fractions of the soil. Despite being predominantly concentrated in the clay fraction (<2 µm) of the soil, our findings indicate that trees (beeches) mostly extract Ra from the soil’s iron oxides. The subsequent transfer of this nuclide from the roots to the foliage is lesser than that of other alkaline-earth metals, leading to a vegetal residence time on the order of a few years (2.6 ± 1.6 years). Finally, the biogeochemical cycle of Ra is characterised by the degradation flux of fine-roots rather than that of leaves, by a negligible atmospheric input and by a strong weathering rate. Ra presents in the latter originates almost uniquely from litter degradation and does not pass through gravitational soil solutions
Pouschat, Priscilla. "Transfert du manganèse et du nickel depuis des sols latéritiques vers des plantes accumulatrices le long d’une toposéquence de massif minier de Nouvelle-Calédonie : localisation, spéciation & mécanismes." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX30042.
Full textNew Caledonian ferritic soils (more than 50 % of iron) are naturally rich in metals (chromium, nickel, cobalt, manganese) and deficient in nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium). Nevertheless, New Caledonia is recognized as a hot spot of vegetal biodiversity, and is a natural laboratory for studying adaptation strategies of plants to metalliferous soils, and more particularly the (hyper)accumulation phenomenon of metals by plants. Understanding those mechanisms is notably needed to develop revegetalization techniques of ecosystems after mining exploration or phytoremediation of polluted sites for instance. Thus, to better understand soil-plant relationships, speciation and localization of manganese and nickel in all vegetal organs of different species and in soils were studied. In spite of a different speciation in soil, both nickel and manganese are under similar divalent organometallic complexes in plants, from roots to leaves, mainly in tissues with less active metabolism
Uzu, Gaëlle. "Spéciation, transfert vers les végétaux et approche toxicologique des émissions atmosphériques d'une usine de recyclage de plomb." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT008A/document.
Full textSince the Industrial Revolution in Europe (XIXe century), human activities have caused significant global environmental changes. The composition of the atmosphere in particular, has been extensively modified by the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants. Currently, the secondary (or recycling) metallurgical industry contributes significantly to air emissions of metals. Therefore, this thesis focused on the study of transfers and impacts on soils, plants and humans, of particles from the recycling process of lead in relation to their physicochemical properties. Three main sources of particulate emissions have been identified in the process of recycling lead and characterized, to study the potential impacts on plant and human targets. The particles sampled (workstations and channelled emissions), and segregated according to their size (PMtot, PM10 and PM2, 5), are mainly composed of metals (up to 50% by weight of the total composition in transition metals alkaline and alkaline), with a major part of lead (25-45%). The major speciations of lead are galena (PbS), lead sulfate (PbSO4) or derivatives (xPbO.PbSO4 x = 1,2 or 3). The study of transfer of particles in the soil-plant system has shown that when the particle size of processes in the soil decreases (from 2.5µm to 10µm), the transfer of lead into the aerial parts of lettuce growing at 20 %. The uptake of lead from particles process by leaves has been demonstrated and mechanisms of absorption have been proposed. Finally, exploratory study of lead-rich particles on human health has shown that diminution of the size of particles ingested increased gastric bioaccessibility of lead. In the case of inhalation, it was shown that the particles did not induce cytotoxicity up 50µg/cm2, but caused a dose-dependent inflammatory response of lung epithelial cells
PATTY, LAURENT. "Limitation du transfert par ruissellement vers les eaux superficielles de deux herbicides (isoproturon et diflufenicanil) : méthodologie analytique et étude de d'efficacité de bandes enherbées." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10057.
Full textCentis, Sonia. "Transfert de fragments de genes d'un caulimovirus dans le colza (brassica napus l. ) : obtention de plantes transgeniques." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30198.
Full textRambal, Serge. "Les transferts d'eau dans le systeme sol-plante en region mediterraneenne karstique : une approche hierarchique." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112335.
Full textMombo, Stéphane. "Transferts des métaux et métalloïdes dans le système sol-plante-atmosphère : mécanismes biogéochimiques et conséquences environnement-santé." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0074/document.
Full textPollution of (peri)urban soils by (eco)toxic metal(loid)s is commonly observed on a global scale. Some elements (Se, Cu ...) have biological roles and other (Pb, Cd ...) only have an (eco)toxic impact influenced by their speciation and compartmentalization that can change their transfers and bioavailability. With the perspective of sustainable management of soil and food, multidisciplinary scientific questions are digging for: (i) the mechanisms involved in the bioavailability and impact on living organisms of inorganic elements related to speciation; (ii) the co-management of environmental-health risks from industrial regulated plants (ICPE in France, such as former battery recycling plant) with residents who grow vegetable gardens or employees. In this context, were studied: (1) the transfer of metals between solid phase and soil solution under the influence of earthworms on a ICPE site; (2) the transfer and bioavailability of Se in controlled conditions for two chemical forms; (3) the health risk for the residents with gardening activities near ICPE plant and factors influencing blood lead of professionals (statistical analysis of data). A literature review of the quality of cassava in connection with the cultivation and culinary practices and characteristics of the environment was finally performed to complete the "Science and Society" process of the thesis. From the analysis of different isotopes of lead in the soil around the recycling plant it was concluded that 84 to 100% of lead in surface soils has anthropogenic origin. Avoidance behavior in the most lead polluted areas was observed for A. caliginosa earthworm species. The selenium root transfer, translocation to corn and its bioavailability in the grain are higher in the case of selenate (translocation factor of 1.1, and human bioavailability of 89.3%) compared to selenite (0.13 and bioaccessibility 82.7%). The study of crops quality in the gardens near the ICPE plant (in Bazoches), in relation to atmosphere and soil quality (low Pb contamination, alkaline pH and high organic content that reduce pollutants transfers) highlighted an atmosphere-plant transfer which depends on the metal (Cd is the most bioavailable) and plant species. Pb and Cd concentrations follow respectively the sequences: [lettuce> Leek> celery> carrot] and [lettuce> celery> carrot> leek]. To reduce population exposure, thorough washing of productions before consumption is recommended
Garrigues, Emmanuelle Pascale. "Prélèvements hydriques par une architecture racinaire : imagerie quantitative et modélisation des transferts d'eau dans le système sol-plante." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAPA026.
Full textCarrillo-Avila, Eugenio. "Modélisation des transferts hydriques dans le système sol-plante-atmosphère : application à la plaine de la Bièvre (Isère)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10026.
Full textBARYLA, AURORE. "Transferts sol-plante et toxicite du cadmium chez le colza (brassica napus) sauvage ou surexprimant une metallothioneine de mammifere." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR13175.
Full textSrayeddin, Iyad. "Transferts hydriques sol-plante et extraction racinaire : une approche de la spatialisation des prélèvements hydriques par tomographie de résistivité électrique." Avignon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AVIG0617.
Full textA better knowledge of the functioning of water uptake by plant roots is necessary in order to optimize agricultural water resources management. To this respect, the understanding of the acquisition of soil water by root systems is an important objective of agronomical research. However, characterization of water transfer in the soil-plant system and the spatialization of water uptake at the field scale are still problematic and challenging. Soil - plant environment is a complex system, varying in time and space. The depletion of soil water in the rooted zone is controlled by soil, plant and climatic factors. In order to spatialize the water uptake at the plant’s population scale, methodologies and proxy variable allowing an estimation of water extraction and its variability are highly needed. This would reflect simultaneously the overall and spatial heterogeneity of the population and its growing medium. To this aim, we used the Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) as an alternative approach to the classical methods of water measurements (local soil water balance) for estimating root water uptake. ERT results in a spatial estimation of soil electrical resistivity, the latter being related to the variability of soil water content. 2D or 3D imaging of soil electrical resistivity and its variations with time are related to water content variations as well as water extraction distribution in soil. This experimental study aims at evaluating ERT for spatializing water uptake at the field scale with various plants and different levels of water availability. Three types of plant (Maize, Sorghum and Broad bean) were selected because they exhibit different root systems morphologies and /or and water extraction capacities. These crops were subjected in the field to three levels of water availability ranging from rain fed to full irrigation. Water extraction and its variability, at the field scale, was estimated firstly by a “direct” approach which empirically links the temporal difference in soil electrical resistivity and the uptake. Secondly, an “indirect” more general approach, using in situ calibration between soil electrical resistivity and water content into a spatialized water balance calculation has been used. The water uptake images resulting from these estimations show high spatial and temporal variation of water uptake. The estimation of root water uptake at field scale by ERT is thus possible. However, this spatial estimation can be more or less severely restricted by different constraints which are related to: ERT sensitivity (decrease of ERT sensitivity with depth, accuracy of the in situ water content-resistivity calibration relationship: RMSE ~ 0. 03 cm3. Cm-3), the type of ERT measurement setup (decrease of resolution with depth with a surface array) and to the environmental conditions (problems for ERT measurements in dry and clay soil: decrease of soil-electrode contact and increase of soil heterogeneity due to soil cracking). This work contributes to a first methodological step, showing the possible use of ERT for spatializing and quantifying the spatial variations of root water uptake, if soil hydrodynamic data are available. More globally, this work traces new developments in the understanding of the spatial heterogeneity of root water uptake in relation with soil properties and root system growth
Zink, Olivier. "Identification de l'HPP oxydase d'Arthrobacter globiformis et de la 4-HPA 1-hydroxylase de Pseudomonas acidovorans : étude du métabolisme de la tyrosine par des cellules végétales en utilisant la 13C-RMN." Grenoble 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10192.
Full textTorres, Aquino Margarita. "Approches physiologiques du rôle du partenaire fongique sur l’accumulation et le transfert de P vers la plante-hôte dans la symbiose ectomycorhizienne modèle Hebeloma cylyndrosporum / Pinus pinaster." Montpellier, ENSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSA0020.
Full textThe role of the fungal partner on P accumulation and transfer towards the host plant has been studied in the model ectomycorrhizal association Pinus pinaster/Hebeloma cylindrosporum as a function of Pi availability in the liquid medium (in vitro measurements in the soil solution (in planta measurements). The use of a new experimental system enabled us to qùàntify the effect of a host plant (maritime pine) or a non-host plant (maize) on the dynamics of P effluxes and polyphosphates by using 32Pi or in vivo NMR of 31P. The results showed that Pi starvation strongly increased the accumulation of 32P and long chain polyphosphates revealed by the formation of metachromatic granules visible after only 10 min of P re-supply. The presence of plant roots close to the hyphae always increased 32P fluxes from the fungus towards the medium, whatever the previous Pi treatment of the mycelia. However, the presence of maritime pine constantly led to the apparition of short chain polyphosphates visible by NMR in the mycelia previously P-starved and containing high amounts of insoluble polyphosphates. These results suggest that maritime pine plants increase P efflux from the fungaJ cells by producing a signal that would provoke the hydrolysis of newly synthesised polyphosphates. The effect of Pi availability of soil solution on the fungal growth and P nutrition of maritime pine was followed in planta by using rhizoboxes. The results show that a high P availability decreased the fungal growth but increased the efficiency of the fungaI partner for host-plant P nutrition. In addition, the results strongly suggest that the fungal partner is responsible for most of the plant P uptake. This could be due to the repression of plant Pi transporters. Ali these results bring new perspectives for studying the mechanisms of ex change between the partners of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis
Martinez, José. "Intervention d'une culture dérobée de Ray-Grass sur les transferts d'azote dans le système sol/plante/eau lors d'une succession culturale blé/mai͏̈s : étude par traçage isotopique." Perpignan, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PERP0069.
Full textBagard, Marie-Laure. "Etude géochimique et isotopique (Sr, Ca, séries de l'U et du Th) de bassins versants sibériens : origine des flux géochimiques dissous et caractérisation des transferts eau-sol-plante en climat froid." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/BAGARD_Marie-Laure_2010.pdf.
Full textMukendi, Masengu. "Etude de genes de trna chloroplastiques de legumineuses : sequence nucleotidique et transcription in vitro." Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13135.
Full textDebelle, Frédéric. "Etude de genes de rhizobium meliloti controlant la nodulation specifique de medicago sativa." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30194.
Full textMombo, Stéphane. "Transferts des métaux et métalloïdes dans le système sol-plante-atmosphère : mécanismes biogéochimiques et conséquences environnement-santé." Phd thesis, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17828/1/MOMBO_Stephane_INPT.pdf.
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