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Academic literature on the topic 'Transfert trophique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Transfert trophique"
Corsico, J. A. Gil, and M. G. Vaz Carreiro. "Modalités de contamination du crustacé planctonique Daphnia magna Straus avec le 134Cs. Etudes de la fixation et de la rétention." Revue des sciences de l'eau 5, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 381–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705137ar.
Full textRouleau, C. "Aspects chimiques et physiologiques du transfert trophique du méthylmercure et du tributylétain chez deux prédateurs benthiques." Revue des sciences de l'eau 15 (April 12, 2005): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705495ar.
Full textPelletier, E., and S. Maheu. "Cinétique d'accumulation et rétention d'espèces du mercure chez l'étoile de mer Leptasterias polaris: une expérience de transfert trophique à long terme." Revue des sciences de l'eau 9, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705257ar.
Full textCorisco, J. A. Gil, and M. C. Vaz Carreiro. "Étude expérimentale sur l'accumulation et la rétention du 134Cs par une microalgue planctonique, Selenastrum capricornutum Printz." Revue des sciences de l'eau 3, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705085ar.
Full textEttajani, H., C. Amiard-Triquet, and J. C. Amiard. "Etude exp�rimentale du transfert de deux �l�ments traces (Ag, Cu) dans une cha�ne trophique marine: Eau ? Particules (s�diment natural, microalgue) ? Mollusques filtreurs (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg)." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 65, no. 3-4 (November 1992): 215–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00479888.
Full textDE CARVALHO, A. R., and J. COUCHEROUSSET. "Microplastiques dans l’eau, les sédiments et les organismes de la Garonne : bilan et perspectives." Techniques Sciences Méthodes 5 (May 22, 2023): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.36904/tsm/202305083.
Full textWinkler, Gesche, Jory Cabrol, and Jean-Baptiste Favier. "La diversité, la répartition et l’écologie du complexe d’espèces cryptiques Euytemora affinis, dans la zone d’alevinage de l’estuaire moyen du Saint-Laurent." Écosystème/Biodiversité 140, no. 2 (June 2, 2016): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036498ar.
Full textAmblard, C., J. C. Boisson, G. Bourdier, D. Fontvieille, X. Gayte, and T. Sime-Ngando. "Écologie microbienne en milieu aquatique : des virus aux protozoaires." Revue des sciences de l'eau 11 (April 12, 2005): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705336ar.
Full textArmani, G. "Les pêcheurs amateurs confrontés aux risques sanitaires de la chaîne trophique." Techniques Sciences Méthodes, no. 12 (2011): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/tsm/201112025.
Full textFer, André, Françoise De Bock, Serge Renaudin, Louis Rey, and Patrick Thalouarn. "Relations trophiques entre les Angiospermes parasites et leurs hôtes respectifs II—Voies de transport et mécanismes impliqués dans le transfert des substances trophiques à l'interface hôte-parasite." Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. Actualités Botaniques 134, no. 3-4 (January 1987): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01811789.1987.10826880.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Transfert trophique"
Perrier, Fanny. "Nanocontamination d'organismes aquatiques par des particules inorganiques : transfert trophique et impacts toxiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0959/document.
Full textDue to an increasing and massive use, engineered nanoparticles are raising as potentialemerging contaminants in the environment, including aquatic ecosystems. While trophictransfer appears to constitute a major exposure route for organisms, scientific literature hasdifficulties to respond to the questions raised to explore the range of the interactions existingbetween nanoparticles and living organisms at different scales from the trophic interactionsto the cellular impacts. This problem is partly due to experimental difficulties inherent tothis exposure type. For this work performed in controlled laboratory conditions, sphericalgold nanoparticles (10 nm, coated with PEG-amines, positively charged) were chosen tostudy the trophic transfer and toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Trophic chains concernedseveral trophic levels (up to three) with a variety of species considered : the basis of thetrophic web with natural biofilms or microalgae, intermediate levels with grazing fish orsuspensivorous bivalves, and up to top food chain organisms, with the European eel, a carnivorousfish.With relatively low doses for exposures, this work tends to represent environmentalconditions. Integrative methodological approaches from subcellular to tissue levels(RT-qPCR, RNA-sequencing, histology) were performed in order to assess toxic impacts.The results indicate a high retention capacity of nanoparticles by natural biofilms. Followinga 21-day exposure, gold quantifications reveal a transfer from biofilms to grazing fish, witha gold distribution in all organs. Moreover, this transfer is associated with an inflammatoryresponse according to the histological lesions observed in the liver, spleen and muscle ofexposed fish. A longer food chain, with three trophic levels involving microalgae - bivalves- European eels, is set up to give a better representation of the complexity of trophic interactionsin the aquatic environment. It shows a significant transfer to the predatory fish.Transcriptomic analyses, using the RNA-sequencing approach, for the liver and the brain ofexposed eels by nanoparticles’ enriched food, highlight a joint response for these two organsin the biological processes associated with the immune system and its regulation, includingNOD-like receptors involved in inflammasome.All the experimental results suggest long-term harmful effects that nanoparticles would generatein aquatic ecosystems, emphasizing the ability of these contaminants to be transferredthroughout trophic chains
Perrier, Fanny. "Nanocontamination d'organismes aquatiques par des particules inorganiques : transfert trophique et impacts toxiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0959.
Full textDue to an increasing and massive use, engineered nanoparticles are raising as potentialemerging contaminants in the environment, including aquatic ecosystems. While trophictransfer appears to constitute a major exposure route for organisms, scientific literature hasdifficulties to respond to the questions raised to explore the range of the interactions existingbetween nanoparticles and living organisms at different scales from the trophic interactionsto the cellular impacts. This problem is partly due to experimental difficulties inherent tothis exposure type. For this work performed in controlled laboratory conditions, sphericalgold nanoparticles (10 nm, coated with PEG-amines, positively charged) were chosen tostudy the trophic transfer and toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Trophic chains concernedseveral trophic levels (up to three) with a variety of species considered : the basis of thetrophic web with natural biofilms or microalgae, intermediate levels with grazing fish orsuspensivorous bivalves, and up to top food chain organisms, with the European eel, a carnivorousfish.With relatively low doses for exposures, this work tends to represent environmentalconditions. Integrative methodological approaches from subcellular to tissue levels(RT-qPCR, RNA-sequencing, histology) were performed in order to assess toxic impacts.The results indicate a high retention capacity of nanoparticles by natural biofilms. Followinga 21-day exposure, gold quantifications reveal a transfer from biofilms to grazing fish, witha gold distribution in all organs. Moreover, this transfer is associated with an inflammatoryresponse according to the histological lesions observed in the liver, spleen and muscle ofexposed fish. A longer food chain, with three trophic levels involving microalgae - bivalves- European eels, is set up to give a better representation of the complexity of trophic interactionsin the aquatic environment. It shows a significant transfer to the predatory fish.Transcriptomic analyses, using the RNA-sequencing approach, for the liver and the brain ofexposed eels by nanoparticles’ enriched food, highlight a joint response for these two organsin the biological processes associated with the immune system and its regulation, includingNOD-like receptors involved in inflammasome.All the experimental results suggest long-term harmful effects that nanoparticles would generatein aquatic ecosystems, emphasizing the ability of these contaminants to be transferredthroughout trophic chains
Ettajani, Hanane. "Transfert des éléments traces essentiels ou toxiques dans une chaîne trophique à mollusques." Tours, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUR4007.
Full textDubois, Anne-Sophie. "Composition et transfert trophique de la matière organique particulaire dans le Bassin d’Arcachon." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14515/document.
Full textAbstract
Carlier, Antoine. "Apports des isotopes stables à la description de l'architecture et du fonctionnement des réseaux trophiques benthiques de plusieurs environnements côtiers du Golfe du Lion (Méditerranée Nord Occidentale)." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066580.
Full textJauffrais, Thierry. "Ecophysiologie des dinoflagellés du genre Azadinium, production toxinique et transfert trophique vers les mollusques bivalves." Nantes, 2012. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=040c4b77-66f9-4f28-b05d-261282d9575f.
Full textThis study has been conducted in order to develop the analysis of AZAs and to produce AZAs from A. Spinosum culture. It also aimed at studying the effect of environmental and nutritional factors on growth and toxin production. The study also demonstrated a link between A. Spinosum and the accumulation of AZAs in shellfish, followed by the clarification of the processes of accumulation, detoxification and biotransformation of AZAs into mussels. A quantitative analysis of AZAs in A. Spinosum cultures was developed, and the formation and structure of the AZA methylated analogues was explained and minimised. This work also demonstrated the feasibility of a sustainable production of AZAs from A. Spinosum culture and highlighted the main factors influencing growth and toxin production of A. Spinosum. Using these results, mussel contaminations were performed and demonstrated for the first time the direct link between A. Spinosum and AZA accumulation into mussels. Furthermore, a rapid AZA accumulation above the regulatory limit was observed within 6 h of exposure. These experiments also highlighted the rapid biotransformation of AZA into analogues in shellfish and clarified their kinetics of appearance. Consequently, AZA biotransformation pathways were proposed for different AZA analogues. AZA detoxification was also studied and showed a detoxification with two compartments. Finally, two recent studies demonstrated the negative effect of A. Spinosum on the feeding activity of mussels as well as the ability of mussels to accumulate AZA from dissolved or particulate forms
Pouil, Simon. "Rôles de différents facteurs écologiques sur le transfert trophique des éléments traces chez des téléostéens marins." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS019/document.
Full textTeleost fish accumulate metals through different pathways and It is now well established that food plays a major role in this accumulation. Nevertheless, there is still lack of knowledge on the variability of metal trophic transfer in fish in connection with their life context. The present doctoral research aims at characterizing the influence of biological and environmental factors on the assimilation efficiency (AE) of essential and non-essential metals in fish. AE determination during a series of experiment under controlled condition reveals that biological factors, in particular the type of food ingested, play a predominant role in metal AE in fish while environmental factors (pH, temperature, salinity ...) seem to have a limited influence. All the work carried out during this thesis allows a better understanding of the trophic transfer of metals in fish and, thus bring new knowledge in the field of fish nutrition and ecotoxicology
Rétif, Julie. "Distribution des terres rares dans les réseaux trophiques des écosystèmes estuariens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU4003.
Full textThe growing interest of society in rare earth elements, regrouping 17 metallic elements with unique properties and used in the industrial, agricultural and medical sectors, is leading to an increase of their release into the environment, resulting in enrichments in the aquatic media, particularly in estuaries, that are subject to strong anthropogenic pressures. The objective of this work was to study the environmental distribution of rare earth elements in estuarine ecosystems through the study of two highly anthropized French estuaries showing different levels of contamination: the Loire estuary and the Seine estuary. The study of abiotic compartments demonstrated rare earth elements are mainly accumulated in the solid phases of natural aquatic systems. However, the dissolved phase corresponds to the most impacted compartment by anthropogenic inputs with gadolinium enrichments reported in the two estuaries. The study of the biota, focusing on a large number of species from 5 phyla (algae, annelids, mollusks, crustaceans and vertebrates) representing the main levels of an estuarine food web, revealed a trophic dilution of rare earth elements within the two estuaries. Indeed, the bioaccumulation of rare earth elements is higher in algae. However, the enrichments (including gadolinium) are greater in vertebrates. These results demonstrated higher total rare earth element concentrations in the Loire estuary compared to the Seine estuary, probably due to a higher geogenic background. On the other hand, the higher anthropogenic gadolinium contamination reported in the Seine estuary could be explained by the higher population density, implying a higher number of medical procedures requiring contrast agents. Thus, the estimation of transfers from abiotic compartments to the biota and trophic transfers within the biota allowed to characterize the overall fate of rare earth elements in these estuarine ecosystems
Vicente, Anne. "Développement d’un réseau trophique microbien standardisé pour l’évaluation de l’impact des contaminants sur les écosystèmes dulçaquicoles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0355.
Full textIn the framework of risk assessment, more environmentally realistic ecotoxicity tests taking complexity of ecosystems into account must be developed. Despite the importance of microorganisms in ecosystems and in their associated functional processes, this compartment is not enough taken into account in ecotoxicity assessment. The main objective of this thesis was the development of a model microbial food web to evaluate impact of contaminants on freshwater ecosystems. This network is composed of rotifers (Brachionus calyciflorus, primary and secondary consumers) that feed on both algae (Chlorella vulgaris, primary producer) and protozoa (Tetrahymena pyriformis, bacterivorous ciliate). A nitrifying microbial consortium produced in the laboratory associated with protozoa constitute a microbial loop that ensure trophic links between bacteria and metazoans. Organisms of the microbial network are in interaction by trophic relationships (prey-predator) and/or by functions they ensure within the ecosystem (oxygen production, primary production, nutrient recycling). The system can evolve into 4 ml over at least 28 days without medium renewing and, for example can allow to analyze the resilience of the system over a long period of time. In order to better evaluate different effects of pollutants on the food web, various analytical methods have been adapted and tested on this system. Among them, monitoring rotifer population dynamics was found to be a suitable parameter to evaluate the response of the miniaturized ecosystem to contaminants in a simple and fast way
Simonnet-Laprade, Caroline. "Ecodynamique des substances poly- et perfluoroalkylées (PFAS) dans les systèmes aquatiques : identification des sources en milieu urbain et évaluation du transfert trophique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0938/document.
Full textHuman activities are responsible for the release of multiple micropollutants into aquatic systems, such as poly- and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs). These molecules have been used since the 1950s as surfactants in many industrial applications and commonly used products. For two decades, some of these substances, perfluoroalkylated acids (PFAA), have generated a major concern due to their ubiquitous and persistent behavior in the environment. Currently, there is a real lack of knowledge about the full extent of environmental contamination by all PFASs. The overall objective of this thesis is to continue the efforts undertaken since the early 2000s to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of PFASs, from their sources in urban areas, their releases to aquatic systems, to their trophic transfer.The first part consisted in optimizing a configuration of the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler (POCIS) for the ultra-trace analysis of 25 PFASs in surface water. In a second time, the dynamics of the PFASs on the Bordeaux conurbation is studied. The analysis of 30 PFASs in wastewater collected in the sewerage network tends to show the importance of industrial inputs compared to domestic discharges for almost all the studied PFASs. Note that urban runoff is also a source of PFAS contamination. The characterization of the influents and effluents of the four main wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in the metropolis shows a low efficiency of treatment channels. The use of a non-targeted analysis approach by oxidation, the TOP method (Total Oxidizable Precursors) reveals significant amounts of PFAA precursors in the sewerage network as well as in WWTP effluents. The impact of urban and airport storm water discharge on the contamination levels of a small peri-urban river has also been shown. The last part dealt with the biomagnification of PFASs in lotic systems. The evaluation of PFAS concentrations along 5 food webs from the Rhone-Mediterranean watershed enables to confirm the biomagnification of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and long-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCA) and to evaluate the spatial variability of trophic magnification factors (TMF). The biomagnification character of PFASs of "more emerging" interest, such as the 8:2 and 10:2 fluorotelomer sulfonates, is observed in a river located on the outskirts of Paris. The application of the TOP method to different trophic levels supports the hypothesis of the involvement of the biotransformation of precursors in the apparent biomagnification of PFAAs