Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transferts de population – Laos'
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Mignot, Fabrice. "Santé et intégration nationale au Laos." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040119.
Full textThe Thai Lao lords and the bouddhist monks have a cultural space emerged in the lowlands of the center of Indochina since the XIVth century, especially by spreading health conceptions and practices. French occupant, the kingdom of Laos and the communist regime have continued to develop this territory first by building modern health facilities along a national road parallel to the Mekong River. In 13 villages of 4 multiethnic sites settled along that road health resources and risks of diseases reveal the limits of the integration by the Nation-State of the highlanders relocated in the plains and the valleys. If any traditionnal health practices bring ethnic groups together, some deep factors of differentiation, as movements, water and malaria, lie
Hofmann, Andreas R. "Die Nachkriegszeit in Schlesien : Gesellschafts- und Bevölkerungspolitik in den polnischen Siedlungsgebieten 1945-1948 /." Köln : Böhlau Verl, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb372082930.
Full textPinilla, Raquel. "Récits d'enfants déplacés par la violence en Colombie : approches linguistiques, discursives et interprétatives." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H085.
Full textThis research study analyzes and interprets Colombian children's oral narratives victims of forced displacement. The corpus of this study is composed by 100 girls and boys' oral narratives between 7 and 14 years old which were recorded in interaction with an adult. Based on an enunciative, interactional and social analysis the discursive characteristics and the identity features of these oral narratives were understood. To resort to interpretation made the various meanings of discursive, affective, social, cultural and political nature understandable as well as the characterization of the narratives of displacement as a discursive subgenre. Besides, we have been able to identify that regardless of the apparent similarity of these narratives, a great heterogeneity exists that reveals the uniqueness of the experience lived by these children as authors
Geoffroy, Agnès de. "Aux marges de la ville, les populations déplacées par la force : enjeux, acteurs et politiques : étude comparée des cas de Bogotá (Colombie) et de Khartoum (Soudan)." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/152360883#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textPeople forcibly displaced or internally displaced (Internally Displaced Persons, IDPs) are persons "who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border", according to the United Nations. While the State is theoretically the first and the last responsible for those populations, the interest of the international community towards them has continuously grown during the last twenty years and an increasingly sophisticated humanitarian response system was elaborated. A comparative study between the situations in Khartoum and Bogotá analyses the problems and questions raised by the massive settlement of IDPs into urban areas, as well as the issues that form around these populations, the intervening actors and the strategies they adopt. If, in Bogotá, the policies and the aid system are deeply rooted in and structured by the restitution of human rights, adopting a social and individual approach, in Khartoum, the political response is intrinsically a security and spatial one. However that may be, in both situations, IDPs represent a strongly conflictive and tense issue between the different types of committed actors, whether they are political or humanitarian
Navaux, Julien. "Les transferts intergénérationnels en France : stabilités et ruptures des répartitions entre classes d'âge." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED021.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to asses if baby-boomers are responsible of intergenerational inequities in France. To answer this research question, the dissertation applies the National Transfer Accounts (NTA) methodology to the case of France, for the time period covering 1979-2011, therefore capturing national accounts aggregates such as consumption, individual resources, savings and transfers by age. Projections are conducted up to 2060 for public transfers inflows and for disposable income using the computable general equilibrium model “MELETE”, and the results are drawn from the main criteria of intergenerational justice. The results of this dissertation show that there is no obvious and widespread disruption of fairness between generations in the country. However, France is still characterized by intergenerational inequities seen through the allocation of asset income and publics pensions. The NTA methodology also provides useful results about private transfers in France. Since 1979, the role of wealth transfers increased over time, whereas the role of private transfers within households (intra-household transfers) decreased over this period and the role of regular, occasional and in-kind transfers between household (inter-household transfers) remained stable. It follows that private transfers are less and less responsive to the needs of transfer recipients. In fact, a micro econometric analysis using panel data shows that the life events experienced by transfer givers can trigger the payment of inter vivos wealth transfers, which is not the case for inter-household transfers that depend exclusively on the life events experienced by the recipients
Kontogiorgi, Elisabeth. "Population exchange in Greek Macedonia : the rural settlement of refugees, 1922-1930 /." Oxford : Clarendon Press, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401595634.
Full textEl, Mekkaoui Abdelhaq. "L'échange de la population entre le Maroc et la France de 1956 à 1974." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120113.
Full textThe aim of this work is to evaluate dependance and inequality relations between Morocco and France concerning population exchange. We want to know whether this exchange has been imposed by France, and what has been its objectif? Did french presence in Morocco help to developing countries? Is moroccans' presence in France a product of colonization? We have tried to answer these questions by analysing, firstly the principal factors which have started migration process (in the two senses). We consider this later as an imposed exchange and transformed to reality. Secondly, we have studied moroccans' situation in France, their geographical and professional repartition. We have at last evoked french community's presence thanks to military conquest and other occupation methods. We have insisted on colonial element in order to justify the fact that Morocco was an immigration land and became an immigration country. We have studied cooperatives' role, settled in Morocco after independance, in cultural and administrative cooperation. After analysing french and moroccan communities, we conclude that french policy is centred in exploitation and domination. It is based on an exploitation and cultural domination. This policy is directed by cooperatives
Nyama, William Rodrigue. "Les effets collatéraux des conflits en Afrique : cas des réfugiés au Gabon de 1968 à nos jours." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP1041.
Full textThe study we handle is an evaluation of the conflicts that occurred in Africa during these last centuries, with transnational movements of peoples as a major consequence. Actually, since the last ten years, there has been an increasing global phenomenon: the question of refugees. The number of refugees has increased in Africa obviously due to the multiplication of local conflicts. Indeed, Central Africa is the victim of the Rwandan genocide and of other political unrest affecting other regions. This work aims at showing how dynamic the phenomenon of refugees is in Africa, giving the causes of its resistance, and as well as at evaluating Gabon as a host country. With its geostrategic importance for Gabon’s security, our theme emphasizes the protection of the territory. This theme should be a contribution to the academic and political research among the major topics on Africa in general, and Gabon in particular
Coiffard, Mathias. "Transferts intergénérationnels et croissance économique : essai sur leurs interactions dans la France contemporaine." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0007.
Full textThis phd dissertation deals with the interactions between economic growth and intergenerational transfers in France from 1820 to 2000. We have chosen an analytical process based on a model involving three overlapping generations with uncertain life expectancy and up- and downward transfers. This has allowed us to define the function of life insurance and also to include three organisations –market, family, state – which produce institutions changing with time. Thus the economic process can be dated historically. To begin with, using a model based on two sectors (agriculture and industry) involving three overlapping generations, we studied the consequences of introducing a compulsory education program on economic development ; with the conclusion that, as upward transfers ceased, a free lunch was introduced for elderly people. Then we studied the macro economic impact of this pensions system. In order to complete the institutional characteristics of the post war economy, we proceeded to analyze the Ford wage agreement. We assessed a cross-age management within corporations of aggregate remuneration and implicit subsidies between age groups in internal markets. Putting an end to these subsidies helps explain the high rate of unemployment among younger and older workers in France as the number of working people financing the youngest and the oldest is reduced by the increase in life expectancy and the concentration of unemployment at both ends of the age range. Does this entail a “war” between age groups being waged ?
Bertrand, Catherine. "Les Forêts tropicales d'altitude de l'Himalaya central phénologie, transferts de matières et d'éléments minéraux, prélèvements par la population /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376118888.
Full textBertrand, Catherine. "Les forêts tropicales d'altitude de l'Himalaya central : phénologie, transferts de matières et d'éléments minéraux, prélèvements par la population." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10116.
Full textGrabowsky, Volker. "Bevölkerung und Staat in Lan Na : ein Beitrag zur Bevölkerungsgeschichte Südostasiens /." Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz Verlag, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40190941k.
Full textSotton, Benoît. "Mise en évidence des voies de transfert des cyanotoxines dans les lacs péri-alpins et implications dans les réponses physiologiques des poissons exposés." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808634.
Full textDiop, Abdou. "L'Aménagement régional au Sénégal d'un espace surpeuplé et surexploité au front pionnier de développement agricole les migrations SERER vers les "Terres Neuves", l'expérience du projet pilote Koumpentoum-Maka." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375972140.
Full textLondoño, Catalina Valladares Licia. "Les Nouvelles formes de violence urbaine en Colombie les déplacements forcés à Medellín et Barrancabermeja /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0405148.pdf.
Full textMoreno, Durán Álvaro. "Les déplacements forcés de population colombiennes et leurs effets à la frontière équatorienne." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082509.
Full textThe study´s time frame is 2002-3. How does the phenomenon of the forced transborder displacement of Colombian people to Sucumbíos (Ecuador) manifest itself? What is the social, economic and political impact among the displaced as well as the local (Ecuadorian) population? Are there basic elements of collective identity that influence its restructuring among the displaced and their livelihood strategies in the new milieu? The research uses two theoretical strands: one regarding international relations and the wider political arena; and sociological perspective focussing on livelihood patterns and a qualitative fieldwork method of observation, classification, comparison and analysis, selecting primary written sources and field interviews to collect fragments of life histories. The thesis concludes that: (a) the increase of the forced displacement phenomenon across the border is directly influenced by government policies derived from international plans in the context of the New World Order, and (b) the displaced are able to re-structure their collective identity in the new mileu on the basis of their strategy of self-recognition and recognition of the other, both expressed in social practices, with reference to their life paths and identifying the elements of the primary habitus
Leturcq, Guillaume. "Migrations forcées dans le sud du Brésil : les atingidos." Le Mans, 2010. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2010/2010LEMA3004.pdf.
Full textIn the context of economic growth and new environmental preoccupations Brazil is faced with, the electricity produced by dams is a key element. The dams of the factories disturb the environment and the rural societies that live nearby. Indeed, these dams are responsible for the migrations of their victims (atingidos) and also modify the space these communities live in. Atingidas families leave this space to settle in a new one, with the modifications – social, cultural, economic, and so on – that this implies. Three aspects are fundamental to better understand the migration of these families: the adaptation to the new rural and communal space, the new adminitrative structure, and the ongoing ties with the former space of life
A eletricidade, produzida pelas usinas hidrelétricas, é um elemento relevante para o Brasil, dentro de um contexto de crescimento econômico e de novas preocupações ambientais. As barragens das usinas perturbam o meio-ambiente e as sociedades rurais próximas. Forçam os atingidos à migrarem e à modificarem seus espaços de vida. As famílias atingidas deixam esses espaços para habitar um outro, com todas as modificações (sociais, culturais, econômicas, etc) que isto implica. A adaptação ao novo quadro rural e comunitário, a inserção à nova estrutura administrativa e a manutenção de laços com o antigo lugar de vida são três aspectos fundamentais para compreender o deslocamento dos atingidos
Moukalled, Hassan. "La population beyrouthine entre deux guerres et deux paix (coexistence et changements interconfessionnels 1970-2008)." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010529.
Full textThibault, Christel. "Conflits, refuges et enjeux frontaliers : les déplacements forcés de la population du Cambodge, 1970-2000." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040225.
Full textSince 1970, politico-militaries crisis in Cambodia caused a large scale forced migrations. Therefore several hundred thousands Cambodians were forced to move inside their country or to reach the refugee camps settled along the khmero-thaï border during about 15 years. The peace-keeping operation lead in Cambodia by the United Nations (Untac) finally enabled the refugees, the displaced persons and the internally displaced persons (IDPs) to go back home. But the long lasting internal political troubles, khmer rouge guerilla and the large spread of mine fields have been a major hindrance against the resettlement and the social reintegration of the whole displaced population of Cambodia
Esch, Michael G. ""Gesunde Verhältnisse" : deutsche und polnische Bevölkerungspolitik in Ostmitteleuropa, 1939-1950 /." Marburg : Verl. Herder-Institut, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37120302f.
Full textBayindir, Goularas Gökçe. "Salonique en Turquie : mutations géopolitiques et adaptations iconographiques." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010583.
Full textBonnin, Michel. "Génération perdue : le mouvement d'envoi des jeunes instruits à la campagne en Chine, 1969-1980 /." Paris : Éd. de l'École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392710417.
Full textBibliogr. p. 455-478. Glossaire. Index.
Hakata, Kei. "La protection internationale des personnes déplacées à l'intérieur de leur propre pays." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN20004.
Full textThe question of the internally displaced persons, of which the international community had long been unaware, finally drew attention of the united nations by the end of the 1980s. Unlike refugees for whom a regime of international protection exists, the internally displaced persons do not constitute a legal category which obtains a systematic protection in international law. Conscious of the legal lacuna, the United Nations attempts to conceive an efficient protection scheme through legal norms and institutional and operational efforts. The elaboration of a legal regime will consist in clarifying existing lacunae and in synthesizing the different norms of human rights and humanitarian law in the light of the protection of the persons concerned. Parallel to this, field activities constitute a genuine protection scheme. Diverse international actors, among them UNHCR and ICRC, undertake to protect and assist these persons by interpreting their mandate very flexibly. Nonetheless, humanitarian or development agencies cannot alone confront the crisis situation. Then, a humanitarian intervention undertaken by the UN Security Council can offer an alternative. This solution requires a double condition, that is, the existence of a crisis on a large scale and convergent political wills, which makes it quite exceptional
Palacio, Sañudo Jorge. "Impact psychologique de la violence politique sur les jeunes et la famille : comparaison de familles déplacées et de familles pauvres en Colombie." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100091.
Full textSimões, Barbosa Magalhães Santos Sonia Maria. "Lamento e dor : Uma analise socio-antropologica do deslocamento compulsorio provocado pela construção de barragens." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131028.
Full textThe central idea developed in this work is that the studies carried through on the compulsory displacement provoked by the construction of dams, although mentioning the social dimension of the social suffering, do not submit that dimension to analysis. Taking as principle that the analyzed facts are socially shared and constructed, therefore carrying senses more or less lasting or more or less perceptible – anyhow, publicized - that, at times, interact under the form of conflict, it is my goal to perform an analysis of the way these senses conform to three distinct and linked social situations. On the first one, the public arena, I analyze the controversy about the main classification categories for the compulsory displacement process, its contexts and main agents, trying to evidence the rhetorical construction fundamentals, in a dispute to make prevail a determined politic and social evaluation of this process. In the second social situation, the academic universe, I analyze the current state of studies on the compulsory displacement, locating the main theoretical axes, in order to highlight the relation between the disciplinary and interpretative fields, mostly the hegemony of disciplinary subjects, amongst which the analysis of the suffering is not included. In the third, I analyze the process of compulsory displacement, from a research carried in Tucuruí, Pará state, Brazil, presenting the senses of social suffering evocated by those who lived it
Baudrot, Virgile. "Modélisation des interactions trophiques impliquant des transferts de contaminants biologiques et chimiques : application à Echinococcus multilocularis et aux éléments traces métalliques." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2019/document.
Full textStructure and strength of trophic interactions shaping food webs regulate a large part of biomass andenergy transfer in ecosystems, but also the transfer of biological and chemical contaminants. The aim ofthe PhD thesis is to develop models describing the mechanisms of contaminant transmission and using them to study the dynamics of infectious diseases and chemical pollutions, and also the response of trophic networks subject to those contaminations.[...] Following those works, a fourth step of the thesis has been to integrate trophic interactions, parasite dynamics and pollutions effects in order to study the stability of meta community (i.e. spatially connectedcommunities) and the risk of disease outbreaks. To do so, we use the theory of random matrices andwe introduced new criteria of metacommunity stability and of disease outbreak in metacommunity, both under external pressures. The study showed that external perturbations increase the risk of epidemics,but that those risks could be reduced with the dispersal of individuals (susceptible and infectious) underspecific conditions such as, for TTP, a greater number of species than that of connected ecosystems, and a smaller virulence than the contagion rate.In this way, in a context of planetary increase of anthropogenic pressures on ecosystems, this PhD thesis in modeling provides a set of tools and conceptual developments suitable to analyze quantitatively and qualitatively the transfers and impacts of contaminants in ecosystems
Thibault, Christel. "L'archipel des camps : l'exemple cambodgien /." Paris : Presses universitaires de France : ["Le Monde"], 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41183539k.
Full textFintz, Matthieu Raphaël. "Moustiques et gouvernement du paludisme en Afrique : de la conservation de la nature à l'organisation du marché des biens de lutte." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR30001.
Full textMalaria collective prevention in Africa has gradually shifted from engineering of the infected person's natural environment into the management of her economic environment. Bednets, spraying and insecticide treated bednets are the working object of malaria control from which we narrow this shift. By following the inscription of these three prevention technologies into large-scale experiments, this thesis tries to stress upon how to issue of their generalization to a population brings about social differenciation between " savages " and " civilized " people on one hand and between " poor " and " developed " people on other hand. Deliberations about the comparative cost of mosquito control (loss of immunity ) and coverage practices (in the course of action) then emerge as two types of situations during which this differentiation is revealed
Apchain, Hélène. "Le statut des musulmans de Thrace et des Grecs de Constantinople, d'Imbros et de Tenedos." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA111002.
Full textGomez, Lucas Sebastián. "Le déplacement forcé des populations par la violence en Colombie : émergence, réinscription et transformations d'un problème public." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0061.
Full textThe construction of social problems depends on mobilization and claim of social, internationals and institutional actors. At the end of the eighties and the beginning of the nineties the internal displacement starts to be regarded as an international problem for UN. The influence of several non-governmental organizations and the discussions inside of UN system was concluding by the creation of a Representative of the Secretary-General on internal displaced persons in 1992. For the Colombian case, at the same time, we could identify an IDP agenda-building process leader by nationals NGO, the Catholic Church and the influence of international community. However, it will be the country-visit of the Representative of Secretary General in 1994 which finally open de policy window for policy making. Currently, the Colombian legislation is one of the most important and completes public policy for IDPs in the world. The legal act established by the law 387 of 1997 – which defines the IDPs – the decisions of the constitutional Court – looking to reinforce the IDPs rights – and the hundreds of administrative acts to assisting IDPs, gives to this populations a legal framework for support in the middle of the conflict. We will show how the Colombian IDP´s public policy was created in a particular policy window, where the international context and the inside process of political decision making let born de necessity of a legal framework for IDPs assistance. Then we will present the consequences of these trying to do a tentative of evaluation 15 years after the agenda-building process
Dejean, Bérangère. "La notion de protection des réfugiés." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10010.
Full textBabakhan, Mohamed Ali. "La déportation du peuple kurde et des arabes chiites dans l'Irak actuel." Paris 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA03A001.
Full textCabalion, Joël. "Des existences paysannes au fil de l'eau : le grand barrage Gosikhurd et les déplacements de population au Vidarbha, Inde centrale." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0122.
Full textThrough the Jens of a "State science" in the name of “public interest” to rural inequalities and the political struggles of social movement, this thesis reflects upon the chain of uprootings and regroundings which shape the sense of peasant existences in India today. On the Wainganga river, the Gosikhurd project leads to the displacement and resettlement of 93 villages, resulting in 83 000 people having to leave their land and homestead behind as the dam waters start to rise in the reservoir. Engaged since a few decades in a global perspective of agrarian development, the State of Maharashtra therein advocates a Green Revolution for Vidarbha, a region perceived as "backwards”. If this political orientation has already been subject to multiple analyses in diverse disciplines, few have simultaneously addressed the conditions of production of such a project and the inherent impacts of submergence on the population. Grounded in a qualitative and quantitative study which followed this double process over nine years ; this research entwines a sociology of public action and social movements, a rural ethnography and a political and social anthropology in order to account for the transformations and ruptures caused by displacement. When the Indian State plans to wipe a village of the map and relocate it, how does it organize the processes of land acquisition and compensation of agrarian resources? How does the peasantry adjust to the confiscation of its rural life style and to the uncertainty of its social “forth-coming “? Finally, what are the forms of opposition or “resistance“ that the project meets in the face of such dispossession ?
Londoño, Catalina. "Les Nouvelles formes de violence urbaine en Colombie : les déplacements forcés à Medellín et Barrancabermeja." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA123012.
Full textForced displacement is an issue which has affected Colombia for a long time, but which only drew the attention of the State in the 1990's. Although Colombian public opinion considers that cities are secluded from the actions of armed groups, both official and unofficial, and that combats between said groups belong exclusively to rural areas, the current dynamic of the conflict calls for us to study forced displacement inside urban areas. The presence of armed illegal groups in urban areas, their cooperation and clashes with several delinquency groups and their confrontations with the National Army and Police have produced the involuntary displacement of people within diverse districts of a same city. Taking into account the above, our research proposal is to describe and analyze intra-urban displacement as a new form of urban violence, a direct consequence of internal conflict. We have as case studies the cities of Medellín and Barrancabermeja
Tallio, Virginie. "La fabrique du réfugié : du camp au rapatriement, lieux et processus de la construction du "réfugié" : l'exemple des camps de refugiés de Dadaab (Kenya) et de Nkondo (R.D.C.)." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0307.
Full textThis work presents the elements which authorize the constitution of the category of "refugee". For this, we base ourselves on the study of the refugee camps of Dadaab (Kenya) which mainly host Somali and the one of Nkondo (R. D. C. ) which hostspeople having fled Angola in 1998. Both are managed by U. N. H. R. C. We completed these studies by an analysis of the process of repatriation of Angolan refugees. This research defines in first place the refugees camp : the practices of the two groups being there, the refugees and the humanitarian workers, make it both a city and a shutting-in place. We can in a second place distinct the different uses of the category of "refugee" by the refugees themselves and by the humanitarian workers. Documents issued in reference to this contribute also in its production by giving it not only "anthropological" validity but legal as well. In conclusion, it is built in a specific locality but also during the displacement/s
L'Heureux, Luc. "Xanten-Vetera : analyse et caractérisation du processus de colonisation et de romanisation d'une région frontalière en Germanie inférieure." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27283.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the process of romanization and colonization of Xanten-Vetera, a border region of the Roman Empire located in Lower Rhineland in the Roman province of Germania inferior. Examining the period between the conquests of Julius Caesar to the middle of the second century AD, this study seeks to understand and to establish the military presence, as well as the development of civilian populations, as a result of population transfers and Gallo-Roman immigration. The process of romanization is analyzed by taking into account ethnographic, social and cultural realities according to the most current theories of modern research on this subject. Because this location is an agglomeration located on a river on the outskirts of the Empire, the concept of a “border” is evaluated to assess whether Xanten-Vetera was a zone of convergence or divergence in comparison to the Rhine area. Additionally, this research analyzes the military and social context during which Emperor Trajan made the decision to grant the status of the colony to the territory that became the Colonia Ulpia Traiana. This regional approach highlights the particular nature of the history of Xanten-Vetera under the High Empire; migrations and tragedies within this geographical area have shaped a place with a unique destiny in Germany and in the Roman Empire. Finally, this work provides a relevant example of the changing motivations that guided the colonial policies under the Julio-Claudian, Flavian and Antonine dynasties and suggests the development of non-military pressure groups in this process.
Gueye, Doudou Dièye. "Migrants sahéliens : pacte migratoire et mobilisations communautaires." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS018S.
Full textThe migration of Soninkes and Toucouleurs' ethnics groups from the Senegal valley region is generally viewed as being under the control of the community benefit. And we try to understand the full the full details of this community control, we can notice a full system or a kind of a "migratory agreement that explains a sort of mutual investment between the migrants themselves and a their originated communities. The notion of mobilization considered an intense mental process to get emancipated from a probable fatal destiny, is put forward to explain this system. The migratory dynamics and migrants' strategies and their families to keep a real contact with people in villages are viewed from different generations' point of view and reveal that the innovations noticed in migration bring about an opposition between traditional hierarchies and new migrants' behaviours. And this rises the issue wether this "migratory system" will last for ever
Lindemann, Yves. "Contribution à l'étude statistique des répartitions et à la modélisation de la dynamique de l'azote nitrique dans le sol." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112364.
Full textPlyer, Ségolène. "Les Allemands des Sudètes et l'Allemagne : mutations de l'identité de groupe : l'exemple de Braunau en Bohême." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010715.
Full textPalé, Titi Eri Aramatou. "Une anthropologie sociale des victimes de la guerre civile ivoirienne (2002-2012) : témoignages, accompagnement et initiatives des femmes déplacées." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080003.
Full textIn this PhD dissertation, displaced women victims of the Cote d’Ivoire civil war (2002-2011) are observed in the social anthropology prism. The ethnographic perspective is here adopted: the points in the heart of this dissertation are biography and victims history narrated by themselves. The first part describes the context, the framework, the aim of the research (chapter 1), the fieldwork and main lines characterizations of the case study (chapter 2). In chapter 3, we examines the agricultural dependency of economy, describing the long-time construction/disaggregation of social order, from French colonization (XIXst century) to the eruption of civil war (2002). The second part presents and evaluates the institutional management of displaced women, victims of civil war. In chapter 4, we analyse what the concept of displaced victim is, describing public statistics, civil society approach, methods and limits. Specifically, the case of displaced women is observed (chapter 5). Focusing on public and civil society help, we evaluate these care systems. The third part is the ethnography of displaced women victims of the civil war and self-reconstruction. Based on data from fieldwork interviews, chapter 6 related victims’ narrations on their trajectories, and war time life. Chapter 7 proposes an anthropology of social dismisses and self-reconstruction of women victims or fall, out of state views
Gazeaud, Jules. "Three Essays on Social Safety Nets in Developing Countries." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD021.
Full textThis thesis provides three empirical essays on the design and evaluation of social safety nets. Chapter 1 adds to the literature on the performances of targeting methods in general and Proxy Means Testing in particular. Using a unique survey experiment conducted in Tanzania, it investigates whether and to what degree Proxy Means Testing targeting performances are biased when household consumption data are subject to non-random errors. The results indicate that Proxy Means Testing performances are quite vulnerable to non-random errors when the objective is to target absolutely poor households, but remain largely unaffected when the objective is to target a fixed share of the population. Chapter 2 studies the impact on migration of a cash-for-work program in Comoros that randomly offered poor households cash transfers in exchange for their participation in public works projects. Using first-hand data, this chapter shows that the program increased migration to Mayotte – the neighboring and richer French Island. Between 2016 and 2018, treated households received up to USD320 in cash and, as a result, were three percentage points more likely to have a household member migrating to Mayotte (a statistically significant 38 percent increase relative to the control group). This result appears to be driven by the alleviation of liquidity and risk constraints to migration. Chapter 3 explores the productive effects of cash-for-work programs in the context of the Productive Safety Net Project in Ethiopia. With more than 8 million beneficiaries, the Productive Safety Net Project is among the largest safety net programs in Africa. It is also often considered as Africa’s largest climate change adaptation program due to its focus on activities such as land improvements and soil and water conservation measures. This chapter relies on satellite and geo-referenced data to evaluate the effects of these activities and overcome the lack of household data. Difference-in-differences estimates covering whole Ethiopia over the 2000-2013 period show no evidence to support that public works had measurable impacts on agricultural productivity and resilience to climate shocks
Picard, Lionel. "Les engagements politiques de la presse des expulsés de Silésie : l'exemple du Grafschafter Bote." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841754.
Full textGuerrero, Bernal Juan Carlos De Leon. "Se sentir concerné par la violence en Colombie : vecteurs et modalités de la constitution de publics internationaux." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0034.
Full textThis thesis examines the conditions under which publics affected by the effects of violence in Colombia are formed on an international scale. It essentially intends to identity vectors and modalities. It attempts to also reveal reasons that explain why the Colombian violence has not become, except for some exceptional circumstances, a major issue that retains international attention. Reflection is based on observation, description and analysis of the manner in which two actors attempt to make the Colombian situation visible in the international scene. On one hand, foreign journalists (more precisely the correspondents of the French and Anglo-Saxon press) recount the major acts of violence; on the other hand, certain kinds of transnational militants try to construct causes to mobilize publics at the international level. Instead of treating the activity of these two actors separately, this thesis puts them in perspective by noting the manner in which the journalistic accounts open potential fields of action for the militants and the manner in which the causes promoted by the militants echo in the media. Ultimately, it is a question of examining how a public space or public spaces grow at the international level. The fundamental questions addressed throughout the seven chapters of this thesis are the following: what are the frames through which spectators distant from the Colombian violence (in this case French citizens) have normally understood this reality? What local events have significantly retained the international media scene and which stories has the media elaborated to recount the local events? What is the degree of politicization of Colombian migrants settled in France and what role have the politicized Colombian nationals had in the mise en scene of the Colombian issue at the international level? Why has the phenomenon of forced displacement of populations not acquired significant visibility on the international scene? What kinds of transnational mobilizations have sparked calls for solidarity from the sector of French associations to protect the displaced populations? What factors explain the central visibility of the problem of kidnappings at the international level? ln what manner have committees of citizens that fought for the liberation of Ingrid Betancourt and other kidnapped people in Colombia emerged? By responding to these questions, this thesis explains what impedes the emergence and the stabilization of public that, at the international level, would be in a position to feel affected by the effects of the Colombian violence. It also clarifies the reasons why the notion of an international public sphere, while useful to analyze the process of rendering localized crises internationally visible should be evoked with balance and prudence
Broni, Fulgence Axel. "L'approche conceptuelle du déplacement forcé de population en Afrique subsaharienne à la lumière du droit international." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3002.
Full textThe international law seems to deal with the issue of forced displacement in Africa through two conceptual approaches. The first which stems from the Cold War is deemed reactive since the issue of forced displacement is limited to exile and international protection of refugees. This traditional system of the refugees' international protection does not allow a full understanding of forced displacement in Africa as such. In light of these shortcomings, and following a growing series of factors fostered by the end of the Cold War, the need for a thorough reassessment of the traditional approach of forced displacement in Africa is becoming an essential issue today. The new paradigm is now proactive and focused on prevention. The research therefore aims to examine this evolution in regards to international public law. Although this new approach to the issue of forced displacement in Africa is proactive, it contains some obvious contradictions in terms of security from an international law practice point of view. The shift of the issue of forced displacement to the matter of security raises concerns about its implementation by international law practice, especially as it tends to favor containment strategies of vulnerable populations within their country rather than promoting their protection in situ. In order to face the risk of a security shortfall, the solution should rely on a human security driven approach regardless of any strategic preoccupation. This attitude could form an efficient answer to the plague of forced displacement in Africa
Belbenoit-Avich, Pierre. "Contribution au bilan des tribunaux pénaux internationaux pour l'Ex-Yougoslavie et le Rwanda : la responsabilité pénale internationale individuelle : les crimes de guerre." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10002.
Full textThe international criminal tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, created by the Security Council on the basis of Chapter VII, are intrusted with the responsibility to work towards peace building and security in the Balkans and the Great Lakes region. They constitute a crucial resurrection of the principle of international criminal law, fifty years after Nuremberg and Tokyo. Faced with the weakness of the legal sources, the judges had to put together a scheme in order to administer justice. Naturally, they turned down functional immunity as well as justifications connected with law authority and superior orders. Their case law follows a strict policy as for duress and state of necessity. The three configurations of joint criminal enterprise integrated by the Appeal Chamber in the TADIĆ case and the responsibilisation of superiors intend to target “true” responsibilities and to act as a deterrent at the same time. Furthermore, in order to define war crimes, the international criminal tribunals had to analyse – and affirm – the “state” of the customary international humanitarian criminalized law concerning international and internal armed conflicts. The purpose of this thesis is to emphasize the strong determination of their case law, which will inspire the International Criminal Court
Dündar, Fuat. "L'ingénierie ethnique du Comité Union et Progrès et la turcisation de l'Anatolie (1913-1918)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0120.
Full textThe Committee Union and Progress (CUP), majority of which consisted of young Balkan Turks and young officers, orchestrated the Revolution of 1908. The Ottoman defeat in the Balkan Wars in 1912 resulted in the loss of almost ail the European territories of the Empire. The Balkan losses led to a socio-political climate in which the CUP gained complete authority of the state with a coup in 1913 and launched policies to islamicize and turkify Anatolia that effected ail non-Muslim and non-Turk populations for five years. The CUP reshaped Anatolia's ethno-religious composition utilizing ethno-mapping, ethno-statistics and ethnographical studies, which prepared the ground for the ejection, the deportation and the mass murder of non-Muslim populations (mainly the Armenians, the Eastern Christians, the Rûms/Greeks, the Bulgarians, the Jews) and the resettlement of Muslim non-Turks (mainly the Kurds and the Arabs, the Bosnians, the Albanians, the Circasssians) in the regions populated by the Muslim Turks
Chen, Zhenduo. "Le mouvement migratoire provoqué par la construction du barrage de Xin’an Jiang en Chine : politique, acteurs, communauté." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0079.
Full textThe doctoral thesis deals with the challenges of the emigrant movement caused by the construction of large dams and reservoirs in China, by including certain aspects of Chinese history and the context of modernization of the 20th century. We will study this subject through a multidisciplinary methodology in social sciences, and focus the questions on some fundamental areas: politics, actors, community. We study these constitutive elements of reservoir immigration, which also comes under the Chinese concept of migration, the institutional processes of hydraulic governance, the modern nation state, and more broadly, the relationship between the state and society through institutional means: roots in traditional society, bureaucracy, sovietization, etc. We think that the movement linked to the construction of the dam in the Chinese context is a multi-subject / actor movement, mobilized mainly according to the dynamics of the state-society relationship. A field study on the Xin'an Jiang dam and reservoir, one of the three large dams "built independently by the Chinese ourselves" comes to feed our research in historical and geographic dimensions, revealing among other things the engineering institution , the formation of the emigration and immigration, uprooting, the new community formed by the movements, which shape the subjectivities and the performances of the different actors of the movements around the the construction of dam and reservoir of Xin'an Jiang. This holistic, structured and social morphological analysis seeks to understand the complex relationships and transformations that operate during the construction of large dams and the forced migration that accompanies it with the objective of establishing a national planned economy and a powerful Chinese nation. Our research shows that China, which is in the process of modernization, is moving towards a society uprooted and suspended from its tradition of Xiangtu shehui. The movement by the construction of big dam and reservoir allows us to grasp this change driven by a future for autonomy, which seems uncertain but creates a new subject for modernisation
Chotouras, Dimitrios. "Le statut juridique en droit international du réfugié écologique : une nécessité ! Le phénomène migratoire du fait des modifications environnementales." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0043.
Full textIn recent years, the process of climate change and environmental events trigger without any doubt a massive migration within and sometimes beyond national borders. A new category of people - victims themselves of these disasters that cause dangerous effects on the enjoyment of human rights - often grouped under the label «ecological refugees» flee a shaky situation likely to be exacerbated by the incapacity, the limited natural resources or, furthermore, the State's negligence. This term, mainly descriptive of a situation, has no legal value in international refugee law as long as the international refugee protection regime was not designed to deal with situations of environmental disruptions. In this context, in regard of the needs of people displaced by the effects of climate change, there is a necessity to establish a legal status for environmental refugees. It's not just the responsibility of the host State that must be analyzed, but also that of the State of origin. Several issues require prompt and adequate response. How can we protect the affected populations? Would it be appropriate to qualify as refugees certain categories of these displaced people by environmental change? What is the status of displaced persons due to the disappearance of a State submerged below sea level? If a State failed to effectively protect its citizens during a natural disaster, isn't it responsible for the mass migration? Or, can we consider that the existing international legal instruments can already protect and assist environmental refugees?
Candido, de Paula Elvira Claudia. "Espace de vie et résilience des personnes expropriées par les grands projets (à partir du cas de Suape, Brésil)." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU1027.
Full textThe setting up of large planning project may have social impacts due to the displacement of families settled into the affected areas. In order to have a better understanding and a finer analysis of such an issue, this research is focusing upon the expropriated individuals by the Industrial Port Complex of Suape in the Brazil’s Nordeste, who are now dwelling outside of their old living areas. This thesis explores the means by which these people are piecing their life back together. The thesis tackles the concept of living environment as well as the notion of resilience, understood as “the resumption of a new development” of these people through the geographical point of view. The objective is thus to analyze the process of spatial reconstruction – succeed or not – of expropriated individuals by the SUAPE company, with the hope of ending in useful propositions to minimize the socio-spatial problems that stemmed from the expropriation. The analysis is based upon the multiple areas of people’s origin and relocation crossed during the research on the ground (the island of Tatuoca, Massangana, Águas Compridas, Gaibu, Nossa Senhora do Ó, and the Assentamento Valdir Ximenes, in Pernambouc - Brazil), to know the living environment of families and their current situation. The pervasive atmosphere of fear that remains in these places constrained us to use specific technics to overcome the difficulties, including the “snow ball survey” and the taking of pictures by the inhabitants of these areas. It results from this research that such a displacement of individuals is experienced as a trauma, but in some cases, can also offer new opportunities in the new living environment with its characteristics being more favorable or unfavorable to a renewal of the personal development. The visited areas allowed us to acknowledge the inhabitant’s suffering from the remoteness of their prior spatial practices, but also, that some of these individuals have been successful, even in a precarious manner, in piecing their life back together while starting with the little they had. The thesis is ending with some suggestions and avenues for future researches
Nsoga, Robert Ebénezer. "La protection des réfugiés en Afrique centrale : quelle gouvernance des migrations forcées pour les États centre-africains ? : le cas du Cameroun." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30011.
Full textIn the past decade, forced migration has been a particular and growing concern in Africa and in many parts of the world, as far as they created many complex challenges. These migrations, very often massive, unexpected, and generally caused by armed conflicts, human rights violations, violence, environmental degradation, have jeopardized the survival of many populations whose proportions reached alarming rates between 2011 and 2017, as it is stated in 2015's Global Annual Report of the UNHCR. But this already vulnerable population often remains, beyond any observation, highly precarious within some host States. The paradox of the failure of forced migrants's protection is maintained by the constancy of the consecration of their rights in international, regional and national legal instruments and the diversity of humanitarian actors at their side. Sub-Saharan Africa, which, according to the report quoted above, has around 4.41 million refugees out of a total of 21.3 million in the world, is no exception to this factual reality. In view of this dramatic and humanely burning situation in Central Africa, which has led to a significant reconfiguration of the humanitarian space due to the exponential increase of forced population displacement, fuelled by recurrent conflict inflation in the Lake Chad Basin, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the South West and North-West Cameroon – to mention only those cases whose echo of the tragedies bear witness to the topicality of this phenomenon in this African sub-region -, and the crossborder threats that weigh within this sub-Saharan african territoriality, my thesis focuses to map the national refugee protection system of the State of Cameroon, historically well known as a welcoming and hospitable country whose geographical position is strategic in the sub-regional area of Central Africa. This exercise allows on the one hand, the analysis of normative, structural and infrastructural framework tools, as well as the various mechanisms of coordination of the actors involved in the protection of forced migrants, to enable a better understanding of their welcome conditions in special areas. on the other hand, the study makes it possible to highlight perspectives of normative, structural and institutional practices capable to curb the important flows of refugees and to regulate their protection on behalf of a dynamic and concerted solidarity, structured around the spatialisation of States within the political-geographical perimeter of ECCAS. Through the systemic approach and the theory of constructivism, I am striving to bring into coherence, from a cross-disciplinary field, factors and actors that seem irreconcilable, but immensely intertwined. From Cameroonian experiences, this thesis opens up finally the perspectives of reflections on the challenges of a relevant geographical asylum's right and an agreed and effective protection of refugees in central Africa which decline to the regionalization of interventions, and concretely, to the urgent need of a centre-africanisation of the protection's response through the creation of a concerted sub-regional framework for governance of forced migration