Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transferts radiatif'
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Baud, Germain. "Conception de récepteurs solaires à lit fluidisé sous flux radiatif concentré." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0106/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to evaluate the position and the potential of solar fluidized bed receivers compared to other methods for the solar heating of gases at high temperature. To this end, a thorough knowledge of the heat transfer and hydrodynamic of the receiver is necessary. To acquire this knowledge, we modeled the heat transfer in the receiver with a focus on the radiative transfer by taking into account the multiple scattering of light in the particle medium, the effect of walls on radiative heat transfer and the directionality of the concentrated solar radiation. The accurate determination of the distribution of particles within the fluidized bed has been a critical parameter for the calculation of heat transfer. With these models, later refined by a confrontation with experimental references, we have studied the effect of geometry on heat transfer in the receiver. This study highlighted the necessity to use a switching section fluidization column and the importance to optimize the pair : solar concentrator / receiver to avoid any overheating at the walls of the receiver. Moreover, it appears that the homogenization of the temperature in the fluidized bed of the receiver increase its performance
Benmansour, Jaouad. "Contribution a l'etude des mecanismes de transferts radiatif, thermique et massique dans un systeme plan multiphases semi-transparent." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2281.
Full textBédon, Nicolas. "Modélisation des transferts radiatifs dans des écoulements hyperrenthalpiques de rentrée atmosphérique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11071.
Full textIn order to dimension the heat shield of spacecrafts, it is necessary to predict the heat flux to the surface of the vehicle. For entries in planetary atmospheres, a non-negligible radiative contribution is added to the convective heat flux, due to the radiation of the chemical species of the atmosphere. In the present thesis, we present the development and the implementation of models and numerical tools to predict the flow field and the radiation of gas mixture in the shock layer surrounding a space vehicle, as well as the convective and radiative heat fluxes to its surface. After presenting the equations modeling a hypersonic and dissipative flow and the numerical methods to solve them – as implemented in the aerodynamics code PINENS – we give a line-by-line model for radiation of the carbon dioxide and the chemical species resulting from its dissociation. The proposed radiation model is the basis of the spectral code PASTIS used in the present study. Follows a presentation of the radiative transfer equation, that is numerically solved by means of a ray tracing method. This study is then applied to the entry of a blunt conic space probe into a Mars-type atmosphere composed of pure carbon dioxide
Chamont, David. "Architecture logicielle pour la simulation des transferts radiatifs." Nancy 1, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1997_0254_CHAMONT.pdf.
Full textZarrouati, Marie. "Modélisation des transferts radiatifs dans des milieux poreux non Beeriens au voisinage des parois : Application aux procédés de vaporeformage de méthane." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECAP0028/document.
Full textThe industrial goal of this work is to propose a radiative transfer model in a tubular reactor of steam methane reforming. During the reforming process, reactive gases are injected in the tubular reactor filled with catalytic pellets. The packed bed of pellets forms a porous medium, and a particular feature of it is that the characteristic pore size is large compared to the reactor inner dimension. In addition, the organization of the pellets in the near-wall region results in important porosity gradients which have a significant effect on the heat transfer, and more specifically on the radiative transfer.The scientific goal is to develop and validate a radiative transfer model applicable to strongly nonhomogeneous, anisotropic and non Beerian porous media.First, the radiative properties of the homogenised phase equivalent to the real porous medium are completely determined by the cumulated distribution function of extinction Gext, the phase function p, and the local porosity Π. These functions, previously introduced for statistically homogeneous and anisotropic porous media, are calculated very accurately by a Monte Carlo method. They have been extended to statistically non-homogeneous porous media. Similarly, the expression of the validity criterion of the Beer law is extended to statistically anisotropic and non-homogeneous porous media : it is proven that for the considered porous media the Beer law is not valid in the homogenised phase, in particular in the vicinity of the walls. As a result, the Generalized Radiative Transfer Equation (GRTE) is needed and the emission source terms must be determined in a strongly nonhomogeneous non Beerian even at the optically thin limit : an absorption coefficient doesn't have any physical meaning and correlations between emission and transmission appear due to the non-Beerian behavior.The reciprocity principle and the properties of the extinction functions Gext allow the emission source terms in this kind of strongly non-homogeneous and non-Beerian media to be accurately determined. A correlation factor emission-transmission has been introduced. The GRTE has been solved by a Monte Carlo method.The complete model is applied, after validation, to the steam methane reformers in use by Air Liquide
Joseph, David Cuenot Bénédicte. "Modélisation des transferts radiatifs en combustion par méthode aux ordonnées discrètes sur des maillages non structurés tridimensionnels." Toulouse : INP Toulouse, 2004. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000016.
Full textMoukarzel, Camille. "Modélisation mathématique des transferts de masse et de chaleur dans des fours de verre plat." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1208.
Full textDraoui, Abdeslam. "Etudes numériques des transferts de chaleur couples rayonnement-conduction et rayonnement-convection dans un milieu semi-transparent bidimensionnel." Lyon, INSA, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ISAL0012.
Full textThe works we present here are a numerical approach of heat transfer coupling radiation-conduction and radiation-convection within semi-transparent two-dimensional medium ; The first part deals with a view of equation of radiative transfer and introduces three numerical methods (P1, P2, Hottel's zone) which enable one to solve this problem in a two dimensional environment. After comparing the three methods in the case where radiation is the only mode of transfer, we introduce in the second chapter a study of the coupling of radiation with conduction. So, a fourth method is used to solve the problem. These comparisons lead us to various methods which enable us to show the interest of the spherical harmonics approximations. In the third part, the P1 approximations is kept because it is simple to use, moreover it enables us to introduce both the coupling of radiative transfers with laminar convective equations in a thermally driven two-dimensional cavity. The results show a significant influence of the radiative participation of the fluid on heat and dynamic transfer we met in this type of problem
Abbassi, Mohamed Ammar. "Modélisation des transferts de chaleur par convention-rayonnement dans un four d'incinération des fumées de carbonisation du bois." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0938.
Full textThis work deals with a theoretical study of heat and mass transfer by combined mixed convection, radiation and chemical kinetics in an incinerator of wood carbonization with recovery and incineration of the pyrolysis fumes. A thermochemical model was elaborated to predict the temperatures, molar flows (in particular molar flow responsible for the racing of the incineration reaction) and the concentrations in each zone of the pilot plant. The radiative transfers in the gas phase and soot are modelled by applying the weighted sum of the grey gases model. We applied the finite volume method and the "blocked-off-region" procedure to handle the complex geometries. The equations governing the transfers by combined mixed convection, radiation and the chemical kinetics are solved by the finite volume method, TDMA and the SIMPLE algorithms. We analyzed the shadow effect caused by the baffles, the fumes optical thickness, the Boltzmann number, the conduction-radiation parameter, Reynolds number and the Richardson number. We determined the best configuration of the baffles and shown that the increase in the soot volume fraction causes an increase in radiative heat flux and the presence of soot at a temperature different from that of the fume causes a radiative thermal non equilibrium. The partial pressure ratio of H2O and CO2 does not effect the radiative heat flux on the walls of the incinerator. The heat generated by the incineration of the fumes causes intensification and homogenisation of the transfers in a forced convection mode. The results of the thermochemical model are in qualitative and quantitative good agreement with the experimental results
Duval, Rodolphe. "Transfert radiatif dans des chambres de combustion de propulseurs à propergol solide aluminisé." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0893.
Full textRadiative transfer in combustion chamber of aluminised soli propellant rocket engines is investigated. A first step consisted on the determination of the radiative properties of gases such as H2O, CO2, CO and HC1. They are computed from a random statistical narrow-band model. For radiative properties of alumine produced during propellant burning, Mie theory is used with optical and granulometric characteristics. The second step concerns the modelling of interaction between radiation and two-phase flow. A radiative transfer model, locally one dimensional included temperature fluctuations and thermal non equilibrium between each component of the medium is developed. A lagrangian stochastic model taken into account turbulence effects and radiative source term in the heat-balance equation is used to determinate the alumine particles flow fields. A near-wall turbulence model is used to solve flow equations in a couped manner with the energy equation. Two types of configurations are studied for interaction between radiation and two-phase flow. In the rear area, radiation coming from external flow is blocked by cold zone of the boundary layer. It is shown that small particles paly a significant part in this process. In nozzle throat-divergent area, the interaction between dispersed and continue phases is found to be the most significant one. The effects of the thermal turbulence are all the more significant that thermal turbulence intensity is high
Tessé, Lionel. "Modélisation des transferts radiatifs dans les flammes turbulentes par une méthode de Monte Carlo." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0739.
Full textBrige, Xavier. "Transferts de chaleur couplés par conduction et rayonnement dans les milieux semi-transparents anisotropes et non gris : Etude et comparaison des modèles en 1D." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN10195.
Full textDepraz, Sebastien. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des propriétés radiatives des mélanges gazeux de type CO2-N2 à très haute température en vue de l'application aux rentrées atmosphériques martiennes." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECAP0051/document.
Full textModeling of the radiation of CO2 above 2000 K remains a challenge for the prediction of radiative transfer at high temperatures, especially for the design of thermal protection of space vehicles entering the Martian atmosphere. The challenge for both the creation of databases that the development of models to perform calculations coupled between Aerothermodynamics and radiative transfer. Several spectroscopic databases have been developed in recent decades. Simulations of CO2-N2 mixtures at equilibrium showed that the IR emission of CO2 is important, if not predominant, up to 4000 K. But the experimental data to verify their accuracy at high temperature are few and limited to the low spectral resolution, at lower temperatures, or involve significant uncertainties. The main objective of this work is to provide experimental data at medium or high spectral resolution and high temperature in order to verify the accuracy of the theoretical foundations developed. The gas mixture at high temperature we measure the emission spectra is achieved through a microwave discharge through a stream of pure CO2. The temperatures reached (about 6000 K), the mixture is in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and mainly contains the following species: CO2, CO, O2 and O. The measurement of the spectra is carried out using a Fourier transform spectrometer in the infrared. The harmonic emission bands of CO in the region 3800-4400 cm-1 power allows accurate determination of the radial temperature field in the plasma. The theoretical CO2 emissions, both in emission coefficient or radiance integrated on an optical path, in the regions of 2.7 and 4.3 _m _m, is then calculated from the spectroscopic database and compared measures. The databases are based spectroscopic studied CDSD-4000 and recently published EM2C-1994 which is older. The results show that the latter is sufficient for combustion in conventional applications, typically requiring low spectral resolutions and temperatures below 2500 K, for which it was originally developed. However, based CDSD-4000 is generally in good agreement with experimental data, especially in the wings of bands indicating reliability for applications at very high temperatures. Although comparisons have revealed that the line positions for high energy transitions are unclear in this basis, the high degree of overlap of the lines in the regions 2.7 and 4.3 _m _m should greatly reduce the impact of this imprecision in practice. The other objective of this work concerns the difficulty of coupling between the calculations of radiative transfer and aerothermodynamics. Indeed, calculations of radiative transfer iv involving polyatomic molecules must take into account a large number of rovibronic transitions. Therefore, an approximate model of radiative properties (Statistics narrowband model) was developed and its accuracy has been studied for electronic systems optically thick carbon diatomic molecules encountered in problems of Martian atmospheric reentry. These systems are CO 4th positive, C2 Swan and CN violet. Various conditions to the non-LTE and LTE, and various mixtures have been studied for different regimes of line broadening. Comparisons with calculations "line by line" showed excellent agreement. The model parameters were tabulated in terms of two temperatures, Tg (vibrational temperature) and Tr (rotational temperature)
Vultaggio, Christian. "Les méthodes de la théorie du signal appliquées à l'analyse des transferts thermiques sur la surface d'une paroi opaque en régime variable." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10001.
Full textBenmansour, Jaouad. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de transferts radiatif, thermique et massique dans un système plan multiphases semi-transparent." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611724r.
Full textBaillis, Dominique. "Modelisation des transferts thermiques dans des materiaux semi-transparents de type mousse a pores ouverts et prediction des proprietes radiatives." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0010.
Full textCoupled heat transfer by radiation and conduction in open cells insulation is modelized from the material morphology and the two phases : solid and gas, properties. A simple cubic model is used to predict the conductivity in these materials. The spectral volumetric absorption and scattering coefficients and the spectral phase function were predicted from the dimensional and hemispherical reflectivity of particles which constitute solid structure by applying to thee particles a combination of geometric optics law and of diffraction theory, these properties are then utilized in a coupled conduction-radiation model. The discrete ordinate method or the Rosseland model used with a weighted extinction coefficient were successively adopted to solve the radiative heat transfer equations. The carbon reflectivity contained in these materials is determined by an identification method (Gauss method of linearization) applied to bidirectional spectral transmittance data obtained from an experimental device using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Moreover experiences on a device of graded hot plate-type have permitted to compare results of experimental and theoretical total conductivity thus contributing to the validation of the realized modeling
Iacona, Estelle. "Application de l'interférométrie holographique à l'étude de transferts termiques couplés dans un gaz au sein d'une cavité : essai de modélisation." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECAP0666.
Full textTarghi, Mina. "Modélisation des transferts thermiques et fluidiques dans un milieu semi-transparent en écoulement laminaire au sein d'un canal d'amenée de verre fondu." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2253.
Full textLechêne, Sullivan. "Etude expérimentale et numérique des rideaux d'eau pour la protection contre le rayonnement thermique." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00539894.
Full textChauveau, Sophie. "Constitution de bases de données spectroscopiques relatives à un plasma d'air : application au calcul de transferts radiatifs." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0697.
Full textEspargilliere, Harold. "Système de refroidissement sec et de production d'eau pour centrale électrosolaire thermodynamique à cycle de Rankine." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0004.
Full textIndustrial concentrated solar power plants consume 4 m3/MWh of water to cool down their thermodynamic cycle. In arid area, it could induce conflicts of use on a more fundamental resource than electricity. This fact highlights the need to develop alternatives dry cooling technologies but equally effective. The solar field represents 50% of the investment cost of a CSP plant to be used only daily for the heat production needed for the thermodynamic cycle. The approach of the project is to use this huge area as macro-heat exchanger with its surrounding environment through a coupled heat transfer with the ambient air (convective) and with outer space at 3K (radiative). After validating the compatibility of solar field materials for a such application, these research works has shown experimentally that in addition to extract the waste heat of the thermodynamic cycle, it could also produce cold by night radiative cooling. An innovative alternative solution for cooling CSP plants offering two new features to their already existing solar field for the benefit of its paying off
Ben-Abdallah, Philippe. "Transferts de chaleur par rayonnement dans les matériaux composites micro et nanostructurés." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289689.
Full textLes développements réalisés ces dernières années dans le domaine des nanotechnologies autorisent désormais la structuration de la matière à une échelle sub-longueur d'onde jusque dans le domaine visible ce qui permet de sculpter à macro échelle les propriétés radiatives des matériaux composites et de contrôler les échanges radiatifs en champ proche dans ces milieux..
La première partie de mon HDR portera sur les transferts radiatifs dans les matériaux nanocomposites à gradient de permittivité diélectrique dans l'approximation de l'optique géométrique. Des avancées spectaculaires ont récemment été faites sur ce sujet grâce aux progrès technologiques réalisés dans le domaine de la nanofabrication. Il est désormais possible de concevoir des matériaux composites complexes pour générer artificiellement une variation spatiale de la permittivité diélectrique et de la perméabilité magnétique . Nous montrerons que cette structuration permet de modeler les trajets optiques et de contrôler le flot d'énergie radiative dans ces milieux. Nous verrons qu'il existe une analogie forte entre la théorie de la relativité générale et l'électrodynamique classique dans un nanocomposite à gradient de permittivité diélectrique (i.e. la lumière expérimente la matière comme un champ gravitationnel effectif). Nous montrerons comment le transfert radiatif peut-être modélisé dans ces milieux, quels sont les effets induits par la courbure de l'espace temps sur le champ de luminance, sur l'absorption, le processus diffusion et le champ de température. Nous verrons en particulier que la courbure de l'espace temps permet dans certaines conditions d'amplifier la luminance monochromatique directionnelle dans un milieu absorbant. Enfin, nous montrerons que ces matériaux permettent de concevoir des sources thermiques cohérentes en champ lointain.
Dans une seconde partie nous nous intéresserons aux propriétés de cohérence du champ rayonné par des matériaux stratifiés micro et nanostructurés et à la mise au point de sources thermiques cohérentes à partir de ces matériaux. Nous commencerons par décrire le comportement émissif en champ lointain des films fins et montrerons que ces milieux peuvent se comporter comme des antennes thermiques. Nous verrons ensuite comment les structures composites planes peuvent servir à mettre au point des sources thermiques à haut de degré de cohérence spectrale simultanément pour les deux états de polarisation du champ électromagnétique. Enfin, nous montrerons qu'il est possible, pour concevoir une source thermique cohérente, d'abandonner la démarche heuristique usuelle basée sur une approche de type essai-erreur au profit d'une démarche ab-initio plus rationnelle.
Dans la troisième et dernière partie de ce mémoire nous présenterons nos travaux sur les transferts de chaleurs en champ proche dans les matériaux composites. Une fois de plus, on commencera par décrire le comportement des films minces. Nous verrons que lorsqu'un film supporte des ondes de surface, l'hybridation de ces modes de part et d'autre du film lui confère un comportement radicalement différent de celui des matériaux massifs. On étudiera ensuite les transferts de chaleur par interactions d'ondes de surface dans des réseaux de nanoparticules immergés dans des matrices diélectrique solides. Nous montrerons que lorsque les nanoparticules sont séparées par des distances plus grandes que leur diamètre, chaque particule peut-être considérée comme un simple dipôle en interaction avec ces voisins. Dans ce cas, nous verrons que le transfert de chaleur par interaction des polaritons de surface à travers le réseau est négligeable. En revanche, nous montrerons qu'à courtes distances de séparation (typiquement pour des distances inférieures au diamètre des particules) les interactions multipolaires peuvent devenir très importantes et augmenter significativement le transfert de chaleur. Enfin, nous étudierons le transport de chaleur dans les réseaux monodimensionnels en régime balistique et en régime diffusif .
Zhang, Lin. "Transferts radiatifs corrélés dans des gaz chauds : couplage avec la convection mixte laminaire : validation d'une technique expérimentale." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ECAP0100.
Full textJoseph, David. "Modélisation des transferts radiatifs dans les systèmes en combustion par méthode aux ordonnées discrètes sur des maillages non structurés tridimensionnels." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000016/.
Full textTancrez, Manuel. "Modélisation du rayonnement et transferts couplés dans des milieux poreux réactifs : application aux brûleurs radiants à gaz." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0908.
Full textNguyen, Hoang Quan. "Modélisation et simulation du remplissage de moules verriers : "Prise en compte du transfert radiatif"." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL054N/document.
Full textThe aim of this study is to propose an adapted model for the simulation of mould filling that must be a compromise solution between computational time and results accuracy. The double difficulty is to take into account the filling phenomenon that is a complex problem due to the presence of free boundaries and to the Glass specificities: viscosity that is highly thermal dependant and high melting temperature that requires taking into account radiation effects. Chapter I is devoted to the melting Glass flow. The numerical libraries Aquilon/Thétis, adapted for solving such type of problems and the thermal coupling between Air/Glass/Walls, has been used. (V.O.F method for front tracking, Augmented Lagrangian/Vector Projection methods for solving Pressure/Velocity coupling). For radiative aspect, different approaches are proposed: equivalent radiative conductivity (Chapter II), direct explicit method for validation (Chapter III) and spherical harmonics method or PN method (Chapter IV). In the Chapter V, the selected PN method is validated through simple cases and is then applied in other cases with convective coupling in complex geometries including semi-transparent inclusions (1D, 2D and 3D, 2D axi-symmetric and non grey medium). A P1 modified version is presented. The results are close to those given by P3 method but with reduced computational time. The main interest of this model is that it can be easily implemented in existing numerical codes: a single stationary second order partial differential equation to solve in 3D
Heisel, Cyprien. "Conception et réalisation, par fabrication additive, de matériaux cellulaires architecturés." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0046/document.
Full textThe "numerical materials" approach, developed at CEA Le Ripaut, consists to numerically optimize a structure, by using calculation codes that allow to realize numerical experiments, in order to answer, as precisely as possible, to a set of specifications. The manufacturing of these optimized structures, whose shapes can be complex, is sometimes not feasible with current manufacturing processes. However, the rapid progress of 3D printing now seems to be able to concretize this approach. The aim of this thesis is to study this manufacturing feasibility, through a concrete application: the optimization of the volumetric receivers of Concentrated Solar Power Plants (CSP). Currently, the design of these silicon carbide (SiC) receptors is restricted by the existing manufacturing techniques, and their morphologies are therefore mainly limited to foams or parallel channels. However, this type of structure does not allow to exploit all the 3D character proposed by the receivers, due in particular to a heterogeneous absorption of solar radiation in the volume. In this work, in order to find the distribution of the most homogeneous absorption possible in the whole volume, many structures with various shapes are generated virtually. A simulation of the solar irradiance received is carried out on all these structures, thanks to a calculation code developed especially for this application, thus allowing to choose three of them, respondents at best to the criteria of the specifications. These potentially optimized structures were then manufactured in SiC by 3D printing, by a binder jetting process. They were then tested on an experimental test bench of the PROMES laboratory, reproducing the conditions of a CSP. Results showed that these structures, where their shapes are totally different from foams or parallel channels, are able to produce a maximum air temperature of 860°C at the output of the receiver, and with efficiencies close to 0.65. Finally, a conducto-radiative coupled thermal computational code, improved during this work, made it possible to analyze these experimental results and will be used for the future work of optimization of the geometry of a receiver
Tafforin, Anne-Gaëlle. "Modélisation des transferts radiatifs en milieu diphasique, émissif, absorbant et multidiffusant : application aux particules de suies formées dans les flammes laminaires." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES004.
Full textTrovalet, Lionel. "Résolution numérique des transferts par rayonnement et conduction au sein d'un milieu semi-transparent pour une géométrie 3D de forme complexe." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10142/document.
Full textThis work deals with the numerical solution of coupled radiative and conductive heat transfer in participating media in complex 3D geometries. Thermal radiation is simulated by a numerical code developed during this thesis. This code solves the radiative transfer equation (RTE) by a modified finite volume method (FVM) with a cell-vertex formulation applied to unstructured tetrahedral meshes. It uses a closure relation based on an exponential scheme, a marching order map and an innovative matrix solution for the FVM applied to the RTE. The model is applied to absorbing-emitting, grey or non-grey media bounded by black or opaque walls with diffuse reflection. The mesh used for the radiation-conduction coupling is the one used by the finite element code for the conduction. The validation of the radiative code and the coupling are carried out through several test cases taken from the literature. Grey and isothermal media with different geometries are considered, and the effects of the spatial and angular discretizations are observed through a sensitivity study. Three closure schemes have been studied on a transparent medium in order to show their influence on the accuracy and false scattering. Studies of coupled heat transfer are carried out on radiative equilibrium problems and coupled radiation-conduction problems in steady or transient states with the dimensionless equations. Finally a non-grey medium such glass is also studied, considering conduction and radiation in steady state with a spectral band model for radiation
Pérez, Patrice. "Algorithmes de synthèse d'images et propriétés spectrales des gaz de combustion : méthode de Monte Carlo pour la simulation des transferts radiatifs dans les procédés à haute température." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT014H.
Full textCollin, Anthony. "Transferts de chaleur couplés rayonnement - conduction - convection : Application à des rideaux d'eau soumis à une intense source radiative." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00101144.
Full textLe but est de contribuer à la compréhension des phénomènes d'interaction, ainsi qu'à la réalisation d'outils prédictifs fiables simulant le comportement de sprays anti-incendie.
La description des transferts couplés de masse, quantité de mouvement et d'énergie est faite à partir d'une simulation eulérienne lagrangienne. Le modèle de propagation du rayonnement associe la théorie de Mie, le modèle Ck et une évolution de la méthode de Monte Carlo, nommée MMC 2.2, qui permet de bien prendre en compte la propagation du rayonnement dans un milieu de propriétés radiatives hétérogènes. Cette nouvelle version est validée puis comparée avec les autres techniques de type MMC déjà existantes dans la littérature. Ce travail met ensuite en avant les problèmes de simulations numériques liés à la modélisation 3D du transfert radiatif dans un milieu où la fonction de phase est fortement anisotrope (caractéristique de gouttes d'eau).
Une étude complète (dynamique, thermique et rayonnement) permet la validation du code de calcul avec des données expérimentales. Puis, plusieurs configurations sont testées en vue d'améliorer l'atténuation du rayonnement (rampes, doubles rampes, augmentation du débit, différentes granulométries, ...)
El, Ammouri Fouad. "Etude théorique des transferts couplés conductif, convectif et radiatif dans des écoulements gazeux hétérogènes et turbulents : mesure du flux conductif par déviation de faisceau laser." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECAP0310.
Full textBabou, Yacine. "Transferts radiatifs dans les plasmas de mélanges CO2-N2 : base de données spectroscopiques, étude expérimentale et application aux rentrées atmosphériques." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112145.
Full textThe prediction of radiative transfers is required in many applications such as the re-entry of space vehicles in the atmosphere. The present work is articulated around three large axes devoted to the study of the radiation emitted from CO2-N2 plasmas for Martian atmospheric entry applications. The first part is dedicated to the construction of spectroscopic databases useful for high resolution radiation prediction of CO2-N2 mixtures for temperatures ranging from 2000 K to 50000 K. The work was especially focused on the construction of exhaustive data related to bound-bound radiative transitions of CO2, CO, CO+ and CN molecules. The second part is dedicated to the presentation and the exploitation of an experimental bench including a microwave plasma torch working at atmospheric pressure. Optical diagnostic benches for emission spectroscopy in the UV, visible and near infrared are used. Measured spectra for CO2 and CO2(97%)-N2(3%) plasmas, were analysed in order to characterise the thermodynamic state. The plasma was found at the equilibrium and the temperature of the CO2 and CO2(97%)-N2(3%) plasmas was found to be at 5400 K and 6500 K respectively. In the third part, a radiative properties model is developed suitable for the prediction of radiative in the framework of multi-temperature description of the thermodynamic state of the atmospheric entry plasma. This approach is combined with the available spectroscopic databases in order to predict radiative transfer for Mars and Earth atmospheric entry
Sbaibi, Ahmed. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement statique et dynamique des capteurs thermiques (fils froids, fils chauds et thermocouples) en présence de différents modes de transferts thermiques." Rouen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ROUES030.
Full textNjomo, Donatien. "Contribution a l'etude d'un distillateur solaire a effet de serre : modelisation des transferts radiatifs, thermiques et de matiere couples dans un distillateur a ruisselement utilisant un stockage d'energie par chaleur latente." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2274.
Full textHou, Longfeng. "Etude numérique sur le modèle de coefficient d’absorption corrélé en multi spectral." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0068.
Full textRadiative heat transfer of gas plays an important role in industrial applications such as in combustion chambers, atmospheric sciences, etc. Several models [11] have been proposed to estimate the radiative properties of gases. The most accurate one is the Line-By-Line (LBL) approach. However, this technique involves excessive computation cost which makes it inappropriate for most applications. Nevertheless, it remains the reference approach for the assessment of other approximate models. The Correlated k-distribution method (Ck) [11] was shown to be a relevant choice for many applications. This method performs usually well, when only small temperature gradients are involved [21]. However, if the gaseous medium is subject to large temperature gradients, it may lead to errors that can reach 50% in terms of radiative heat fluxes when compared to LBL simulations [21]. The aim of the present paper is to propose an enhanced version of the Ck method, called the Multi-Spectral Correlated k-distribution approach (MSCk). The main difference between Ck and MSCk models is that in the Ck approach spectral intervals over which the radiative properties of the gas are averaged are chosen contiguous whereas, in the MSCk technique, those intervals are built in order to ensure that the absorption coefficient are scaled over them [27]. Accordingly, the usual assumption of correlated spectrum used in k-distribution approaches for the treatment of non uniformities is more acceptable in the MSCk case than in the Ck one. The building of those spectral intervals (using Functional Data Clustering, [52]) is detailed and the approach is assessed against LBL reference data in several test cases. These cases involve H2O-N2 and H2O-CO2-N2 mixtures in the [300-3000K] temperature range. Results show that the MSCk method enables to achieve better accuracies than Ck methods while remaining acceptable in terms of computational cost
Pierrot, Laurent. "Développement, étude critique et validation de modèles, de propriétés radiatives infrarouges de CO2 et H2O à haute température : applications au calcul des transferts dans des chambres aéronautiques et à la télédétection." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0512.
Full textEymet, Vincent. "Simulation Monte-Carlo et analyse en puissances nettes échangés des transferts radiatifs infrarouges avec diffusion : vers une paramétrisation dans un modèle de circulation générale atmosphérique." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30210.
Full textDepraz, Sébastien. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des propriétés radiatives des mélanges gazeux de type CO2-N2 à très haute température en vue de l'application aux rentrées atmosphériques martiennes." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697001.
Full textHaidekker, Andras. "Radiation modelling in complex three dimensional enclosures." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1991. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textSoucasse, Laurent. "Effets des transferts radiatifs sur les écoulements de convection naturelle dans une cavité différentiellement chauffée en régimes transitionnel et faiblement turbulent." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978507.
Full textAsllanaj, Fatmir. "Etude et analyse numérique des transferts de chaleur couplés par rayonnement et conduction dans les milieux semi-transparents : application aux milieux fibreux." Nancy 1, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2001_0208_ASLLANAJ.pdf.
Full textLisakov, Sergey. "Les supernovæ par effondrement gravitationnel et leurs progéniteurs." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4101/document.
Full textDedicated SN searches started over 100 years ago. Over that time, astronomers have collected large sets of observational data. They have developed detailed classification and achieved general agreement on the nature of these events. Nevertheless, a lot of questions remain unanswered. In short, most Type II SNe (hydrogen-rich SNe) are terminal explosions of red supergiant (RSG) stars. The main source of knowledge about these objects are the way their luminosity changes with time (`light curves') and how their radiation is distributed in wavelength. One of the widely used methods to extract the information from the observational data is computer modelling. The largest part of our work lays in the numerical simulations. In Chapter 1 (Introduction), we present succinctly the necessary theory which includes stellar evolution, explosion physics and ejecta evolution. We discuss different types of SNe; the modern knowledge on CCSNe and its problems. We discuss stellar evolution theory. We describe the nucleosynthesis that takes place in the cores of massive stars and gives rise to their final chemical stratification. We describe our numerical approach in Chapter 2 (Supernova modelling). It includes three major steps: stellar evolution modelling, explosion of the resulting RSG star, and ejecta evolution modelling. We present modelled structure of RSG stars; these models and computational techniques are similar to models used in subsequent chapters. We then discuss our numerical methods of exploding a SN once its degenerate core starts collapsing. We discuss explosive nucleosynthesis and its impact on the progenitor composition, production of unstable isotopes and the basic physics of radioactive decay. In Chapter 3 (Observational properties), we discuss the photometric and spectral observational properties of core-collapse SNe. We extract statistical properties of the existing sample. Using the presented technique, we performed a detailed study of the well observed object SN 2008bk (Chapter 4). We are able to constrain its progenitor and explosion properties. Our modelling allows us to compare not only the basic properties such as luminosity, but also to analyze in detail the spectral features, such as line identification and morphology. We show that a 12 M⊙ star on the main sequence is a good candidate for the progenitor of SN 2008bk. Also we discuss the asymmetric shape of the Hα line and conclude that it stems from the overlap with the strong Ba II 6596.9 Å line. SN 2008bk, together with about 20 objects, form a subclass of low-luminosity CCSNe Type II. We devoted a particular attention to this class of objects, whose uniformity and observational data allows us to draw important conclusions. In Chapter 5 (Low-luminosity Type II-P SNe), we study the sample of 17 low-luminosity SNe and analyze the possibility that these events are the result of explosions of low- and high-mass progenitors. There is no solid agreement in the astronomical community on the possible progenitors of the low-luminosity explosions of Type II SNe. Our analysis shows that lower-mass massive stars (~12 M⊙) are good candidates for the progenitors of this subclass of SNe. Moreover, our simulations of high-mass stars (25 and 27 M⊙) show that such low brightness of the explosion of such a massive object would have notable observational properties which are not present in the data. In Chapter 6 (Kinetic energy variation), we extend our study further on the whole class of hydrogen-rich core-collapse SN, using more energetic models than in Chapters 4 and 5. We provide evidences that what differentiates the diversity of SNe II is the explosion energy rather than the ejecta mass (or H-rich envelope mass of the progenitor)
Valentin, Xavier. "Analyse mathématique et numérique des modèles Pn pour la simulation de problèmes de transport de photons." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC024/document.
Full textComputational costs for direct numerical simulations of photon transport problemsare very high in terms of CPU time and memory. One way to tackle this issue is todevelop reduced models that a cheaper to solve numerically. There exists number of these models : moments models, discrete ordinates models (SN), diffusion-like models... In this thesis, we focus on PN models in which the transport operator is approached by mean of a truncated development on the spherical harmonics basis. These models are arbitrary accurate in the angular dimension and are rotationnaly invariants (in multiple space dimensions). The latter point is fundamental when one wants to simulate inertial confinment fusion (ICF) experiments where the spherical symmetry plays an important part in the accuracy of the numerical solutions. We study the mathematical structure of the PN models and construct a new numerical method in the special case of a one dimensionnal space dimension with spherical symmetry photon transport problems. We first focus on a linear transport problem in the vacuum. Even in this simple case, it appears in the PN equations geometrical source terms that are stiff in the neighborhood of r = 0 and thus hard to discretise. Existing numerical methods are not satisfactory for multiple reasons : (1) unaccuracy in the neighborhood of r = 0 ("flux-dip"), (2) do not capture steady states (well-balanced scheme), (3) no stability proof. Following recent works, we develop a new well-balanced scheme for which we show the L² stability. We then extend the scheme for photon transport problems within a no moving media, the linear Boltzmann equation, and interest ourselves on its behavior in the diffusion limit (asymptotic-preserving property). In a second part, we consider radiation hydrodynamics problems. Since modelisation of these problems is still under discussion in the litterature, we compare a set of existing models by mean of mathematical analysis and establish a hierarchy. For each model, we focus on the following mathematical properties : (1) energy and impulsion conservation, (2) accuracy of the comobile effects, (3) existence of a mathematical entropy and (4) behavior in the diffusion limit. Our study reduces to « laboratory frame » models and we are still interested in the PN approximation of the transport operator. We identify defects in entropy structure of existing models and propose an entroy correction which leads to PN-based radiation hydrodynamics models which satisfy all the properties listed above
Caldas, Anthony. "Étude des biais observationnels induits par le caractère tridimensionnel des atmosphères d’exoplanètes." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0439/document.
Full textTransmission spectroscopy provides us with information on the atmospheric properties at the limb, which is often intuitively assumed to be a narrow annulus aound ther planet. Consequently, the few recent studies on the effect of atmospheric horizontal heterogeneities on transmission spectra have used approaches sensitive to variations along the limb only. Here we demonstrate that the region probed in transmission – the limb – actually extends significantly toward the day and night sides of the planet. Consequently we show that thestrong day-night thermal and compositional gradients expected on synchronous exoplanets create sufficient heterogeneities across the limb to result in important systematic effects on the spectrum and bias its interpretation. To quantify these effects, we developed a 3D radiative transfer model able to generate transmission spectra of atmospheres based on 3D atmospheric structures, whether they come from a Global Climate Model or more parametrized models. We first apply this tool to a simulation of the atmosphere of GJ 1214 b toproduce synethic JWST observations and show that producing a spectrum using only atmospheric columns at the terminator results in errors greater than expected noise. This demonstrates the necessity of a real 3D approach to model data for such precise observatories.Second, we investigate how day-night temperature gradients cause a systematic bias in retrieval analysis performed with 1D forward models. For that purpose we synthesize a large set of forward spectra for prototypical HD209458 b and GJ 1214 b type planets varying the temperatures of the day and night sides as well as the width of the transition region. We then perform typical retrievalanalyses and compare the retrieved parameters to the ground truth of the input model. This study reveals systematic biases on the retrieved temperature (found to be higher than the terminator temperature) and absorber abundances. This is due to the fact that the hotter dayside is more extended vertically and screens the nightside—a result of the nonlinear properties of atmospheric transmission.These biases will be difficult to detect as the 1D profiles used in the retrieval procedure are found to provide an excellent match to theobserved spectra based on standard fitting criteria (chi2, posterior distributions). This fact needs to be kept in mind when interpretingcurrent and future data
Maanane, Yassine. "Identification expérimentale de propriétés radiatives à partir de méthodes Monte Carlo Symbolique : Application aux matériaux hétérogènes à haute température." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI093.
Full textThis work is about radiative heat transfer in heterogeneous materials used in high temperature applications, such as fire safety in buildings, insulation of furnaces or thermal protection for aerospace vehicles. These semitransparent materials with heterogeneous structure absorb and scatter thermal radiation, and their radiative properties at high temperatures are generally unknown. In order to accurately model radiative transfer within these materials and to quantify the impact of radiation in the global heat transfer, it is necessary to determine absorption and scattering radiative properties. In this thesis, these properties are identified by inverse method from radiative models and spectrometric measurements. Experimental identification from spectrometric measurements provides radiative properties at temperature levels close to real operating conditions for the material of interest. To carry out the analysis of the inverse problem, we develop here a methodology based on Symbolic Monte Carlo (SMC) methods. These methods allow expressing radiative fluxes as a simple function of the so-called symbolic parameters. A single calculation expresses radiative fluxes overall the parameter space, which turns out to be very useful in an inversion approach. These methods are particularly suitable for expressing radiative quantities as a function of temperature, of absorption and scattering coefficients. In this thesis, we also propose a new symbolic method based on a series expansion of orthogonal polynomials, allowing the extension of SMC methods to other types of parameters (geometric, phase function, etc.). Expressions of radiative fluxes as functions of radiative properties obtained by SMC are employed to analyze if the inverse problem is well-posed and to efficiently identify the radiative properties, while taking into account the experimental and numerical uncertainties. On the other hand, if the inverse problem is ill-posed, this method can analyze the input of other types of measurements that may allow the identification. The methodology is applied in this work to the identification of radiative properties of a family of heterogeneous materials composed of Quartz fibers
Zhang, Ping. "Prominences and their eruptions as observed with the IRIS mission and ancillary instruments." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS064/document.
Full textSolar prominences are fascinating, large-scale magnetic structures in the solar atmosphere. They have been investigated for many decades, but the issues of their formation, stability, and eruption are still not well understood. Much progress has been made in our knowledge of prominences and their eruptions with both synoptic measurements from space (with SoHO/EIT, STEREO/SECCHI/EUVI, and SDO/AIA) and multiwavelength spectro-imaging. Since the launch of IRIS in 2013, a lot of results have been obtained in both observational and modeling domains with IRIS high spectral and spatial resolution imaging and spectroscopy. In this thesis, we focus on the observational signatures of the processes which have been put forward for explaining eruptive prominences. We also try to figure out the variations of physical conditions of the eruptive prominence and estimate the masses leaving the Sun vs. the masses returning to the Sun during the eruption. As far as velocities are concerned, we derive a full velocity vector for each pixel of the observed prominence by combining an optical flow method on the AIA 304Å and IRIS Mg II h&k images in order to derive the plane-of-sky velocities and a Doppler technique on the IRIS Mg II h&k profiles to compute the line-of-sight velocities. As far as densities and temperatures are concerned, we compare the absolute observed intensities with values derived from Non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (NLTE) radiative transfer computations to build maps of these quantities. The derived electron densities range from 1.3E9 to 7.0E10 cm⁻³ and the derived total Hydrogen densities range from 1.5E9 to 3.6E11 cm⁻³ in different regions of the prominence. The mean temperature is around 1.1E4 K which is higher than in quiescent prominences. The ionization degree is in the range of 0.1 to 10. The mass flows in the prominence and their variations with time are consequently computed. The total mass is 1.3E14 to 3.2E14 g. The total mass drainage from the prominence to the solar surface during the observation of IRIS is about one order of magnitude smaller than the total mass of prominence. We also explore the correlations between the observable spectral features in h and k lines of Mg II to physical quantities such as the density and the Emission Measure (EM). We choose to compute one-dimensional (1D) isothermal and isobaric models using the PRODOP_Mg NLTE code available at MEDOC (IAS) with the exact computation of the incident radiation. Then we derive correlations between the k and h emergent intensities on one hand and the densities and EM on the other hand. With some assumptions on the temperature, we obtain a unique relation between the k (and h) intensities and the EM that should be useful for deriving either the hydrogen and electron densities or the effective thickness of an observed prominence. Thus, the evolution of the morphology and thermodynamic properties of an erupting prominence have been studied in the thesis. These investigations lead to our understanding in some aspects of prominences, e.g., the distribution and evolution of densities, temperatures, velocities and ionization degree. These could be useful constraints for theoretical prominence models. In the conclusion, we summarize our results and provide some suggestions for future analysis, observations and ideal observing capabilities
Nasri, Nacer. "Étude thermique du comportement en régime transitoire d'une matrice poreuse soumise à un flux radiatif : application a la conversion thermique de l'énergie solaire." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10134.
Full textBelleoud, Pierre. "Etude de la convection naturelle turbulente en cavité verticale différentiellement chauffée : Analyse des structures et des transferts turbulents." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ESMA0005/document.
Full textNatural convection flows in confined spaces are often turbulent (large dimensions and/or temperature difference ). Improving the knowledge of this type of regime and of the associated heat and mass transfers seems, therefore, to be essential. This experirnental work studies heat transfer mechanisms using coupled and synchronized measurernents of temperature and velocity in a turbulent natural convection flow at high Rayleigh number (Ra1-1=I.2 x1011) in a differentially heated cavity with a vertical aspect ratio (height/width) of 4. Velocity measurernents are acquired by PIV and temperature is measured with K-type micro-thermocouple (0=12.7 μm). Both measurementsystems are synchronized using a BNC® pulse generator. Thermal boundary conditions of the adiabatic walls and post treatment of PIV data using an orthogonal decomposition based on the kinetic energy of the flow - POD - have been considered with caution. It makes possible, on the one hand, the experimental assessment of turbulent quantities like enthalpy fluxes and dimensionless nurnber (Prandtl, diffusivity ... ) and, on the other hand the estimation of the contribution of the other terms of Navier-Stokes equations (pressure gradient and source term). Finally a discussion on characteristic scales of the flow and a comparison with numerical simulations are provided
Jaoua, Hend. "Enductions textiles barrières aux rayons IR : élaboration de nouvelles formulations de plastisols PVC." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1070.
Full textThis project aims to develop new filled PVC plastisol composite offering enhanced optical properties. Different types of inorganic fillers were tested and added to the PVC matrix. Rheological, morphological and optical characterization of the PVC matrix and development of new formulations by incorporation of different fillers (nacre, glass beads, alumina, zinc oxide, TiO2 ...) were the subject of the first phase of the project. Then, radiative measurements on plastisol films loaded at different mass ratios were performed in order to select the fillers having the best optical performance. The second phase was dedicated to the validation and the testing of the optimal formulations coated on polyester textile substrate. Different analytic technics were used in order to rank the UV stabilization as a function of the tested formulations. In addition, mechanical, aesthetic and morphological characterizations were used to complete this study. Finally, radiative transfer model was developed to simulate the radiative behavior of the different formulations