Academic literature on the topic 'Transferwissen'

Despite the increasing role of cross-border payments within the globalization processes and rapid growth of venture sector, an issue of its implementation remains to be a debatable point for many countries. The paper identifies disruptive challenges for financial institutions need to adapt. The research investigates the value and the investment flows structure as most obvious indicators of FinTech and describes types of payments relationships there. The paper considers relationships between enterprises, financial institutions and individuals, which are formed in digital payments. To understand the difference between regular cross-border money transfers and P2P cross-border money transfers with TransferWise, both mechanisms were researched and the benefits underlined. For Ukraine, the improvement of existing cross-border payments system with FinTech is a crucial challenge. That is why it is important to focus on providing knowledge for people, supporting start-ups in the sector and learning the best implementation practices. A great example of cross-border payments of FinTech in Ukraine is TransferWise. The difference between regular cross-border money transfers and peer-to-peer (P2P) money transfers appears in its benefits, such as lower and more expectable transfer fee, mid-market exchange rate, less transaction period. By transforming existing cost structures and mitigating market imperfections, they provide innovative services that meet the users’ needs for speed, trust, low cost, usability, security and transparency. The results show high potential of FinTech for cross-border payment processing.

The evolution of the use of electronic payment instruments from a finance law position is analyzed in the article. In the context of the latest technology dynamic introduction in the field of payments, the beginning of the history of modern electronic payment instruments can be conditionally linked to the creation of the London Clearing House in 1775 in the United Kingdom and the subsequent active use in the calculation of promissory notes and cheques, as well as other payment documents on the basis of the clearing. At the same time, we propose to periodize the evolution of the use of electronic payment instruments in the calculation of foreign and domestic experience, which includes three main stages: Stage I (end of the XVIII century – end of the XIX century) formation of legal preconditions for the birth of the first electronic payment instruments in the form of promissory notes and cheques, as well as payment documents on the basis of clearing; Stage II (XX century) electrification of payment transactions with the support of their electronic means of payment (bank cards, mobile payment instruments), electronic purses for initiating payments, as well as the use of the first electronic money in order to pay for goods and services. Stage III (XXI Century – nowadays) digitization of payments, characterized by the active use of contactless chipped cards, contactless mobile instruments, electronic money, electronic payment means based on widespread electronic payments in the world of electronic payment ecosystems, such as PayPal (1998), Payoneer (2005), Skrill (2001), Stripe (2009), TransferWise (2010), etc., virtual money in the form of virtual currencies, Quick Response codes, and the introduction of digital currencies of central banks. The suggested periodization of the evolution of electronic payment instruments is based on historical facts, economic conditions, the introduction of the latest financial technologies, national preferences, and the legislation development in the field of payments. At the same time, the genesis specificity of the use of electronic payment instruments in Ukraine is conditioned by the imperfect special law on payment systems and the transfer of funds, which, unfortunately, does not meet the current international and European Union standards. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reform outdated domestic legislation in the field of payments by adopting a new Law of Ukraine «On Payment Services». Keywords: electronic payment instrument, electronic means of payment, use of electronic payment instruments, electronic payment instruments evolution, financе law.

The evolution of the use of electronic payment instruments from a finance law position is analyzed in the article. In the context of the latest technology dynamic introduction in the field of payments, the beginning of the history of modern electronic payment instruments can be conditionally linked to the creation of the London Clearing House in 1775 in the United Kingdom and the subsequent active use in the calculation of promissory notes and cheques, as well as other payment documents on the basis of clearing. At the same time, we propose to periodize the evolution of the use of electronic payment instruments in the calculation of foreign and domestic experience, which includes three main stages: Stage I (end of the XVIII century – end of the XIX century) formation of legal preconditions for the birth of the first electronic payment instruments in the form of promissory notes and cheques, as well as payment documents on the basis of clearing; Stage II (XX century) electronization of payment transactions with the support of their electronic means of payment (bank cards, mobile payment instruments), electronic purses for initiating payments, as well as the use of the first electronic money in order to pay for goods and services. Stage III (XXI Century – nowadays) digitization of payments, characterized by the active use of contactless chipped cards, contactless mobile instruments, electronic money, electronic payment means based on widespread electronic payments in the world of electronic payment ecosystems, such as PayPal (1998), Payoneer (2005), Skrill (2001), Stripe (2009), TransferWise (2010), etc., virtual money in the form of virtual currencies, Quick Response codes, and the introduction of digital currencies of central banks. The suggested periodization of the evolution of electronic payment instruments is based on historical facts, economic conditions, the introduction of the latest financial technologies, national preferences and the legislation development in the field of payments. At the same time, the genesis specificity of the use of electronic payment instruments in Ukraine is conditioned by the imperfect special law on payment systems and the transfer of funds, which, unfortunately, does not meet the current international and European Union standards. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reform outdated domestic legislation in the field of payments by adopting a new Law of Ukraine «On Payment Services».

Background – Recently, the banking industry entered a period of disruption, triggered by FinTech startups focusing on specific niche markets. Objectives – The goal of this dissertation is to advise TransferWise: Recommendations are given regarding key currency routes and main customer targets within the Swiss population, in light of the current competition, expectations and needs of identified potential segments and actual remittance flows. Methodology – In order to do this, market research is conducted, expert and target group interviews are held, and mystery calls are performed with main competitors. Findings – MoneyGram is the leading competitor in terms of speed, Xendpay and Currency Fair based on price, and traditional banks PostFinance, ZKB, Cantonal Banks and UBS based on client preferences. Main segments that TransferWise should target are immigrants, crossborder workers, international students and Swiss students abroad. Of these, most relevant are especially digital-affine individuals with regularly occurring transfer needs from non-Euro countries. The core needs differ among the segments, but price and trust are most significant. Dominant remittance sending and receiving countries are Italy, France, Spain and Germany. Implications – Academically, this thesis bridges traditional literature with innovative FinTech business models as basis for future research. Practically, the research offers firsthand insights into Swiss international remittance user groups, their preferred service providers and needs. It can support startups like TransferWise in their business activities, but also established money transfer organizations and banks.
Enquadramento – Recentemente, a indústria bancária entrou num período de rutura, impulsionado pelo nicho de mercado das startups FinTech. Objetivos – O objetivo desta tese é aconselhar a TransferWise. Relativamente às principais rotas monetárias e principais alvos na população suíça, considerando a concorrência atual, expectativas, as necessidades dos utilizadores e os atuais fluxos de remessa. Metodologia – Assim, pesquisa de mercado, entrevistas ao grupo alvo e a especialistas, e chamadas anónimas aos principais concorrentes foram efetuadas. Resultados – MoneyGram é o principal concorrente no que respeita à velocidade, Xendpay e Currency Fair relativamente ao preço, e os bancos tradicionais (PostFinance, ZKB, Bancos Cantonais e UBS) no que respeita às preferências dos clientes. Os principais segmentos que a TransferWise deve selecionar são: imigrantes, trabalhadores fronteiriços, estudantes internacionais e estudantes suíços no estrangeiro. Destes, os mais relevantes são os indivíduos utilizadores de serviços digitais que necessitam de fazer transferências de países cuja moeda não é o euro. As razões diferem entre os segmentos, mas o preço e a confiança são os mais significativos. Os países que mais enviam e recebem remessas são a Itália, a França, a Espanha e a Alemanha. Implicações – Academicamente, esta tese conecta a literatura tradicional com os inovadores modelos de negócio FinTech. Esta demonstra aos prestadores de serviços relativos a transferência de dinheiro, nomeadamente à TransferWise, o que os clientes esperam de transferências de dinheiro internacionais.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
國際企業學研究所
104
Fintech is a dynamic segment at the intersection of financial services and technology sectors where technology-focused start-ups and new market entrants innovate the products and services provided by the traditional financial services industry. Payment, for example, which is dominated by the traditional financial services industry has been inroaded by PayPal, Apple Pay etc. There have been some new entrants in the transnational money transfer business in recent years. For example, British company – TransferWise, with its P2P transnational money transfer, it reduces the required fee, and currently accumulated transfers over three billion euros, accounting for 2% of the whole UK market. What’s the special of P2P transnational money transfer? How TransferWise attract investor and users? Therefore, the thesis will use an in depth case study approach to understand how P2P transnational money transfer works and recognize its business model. This thesis also investigates the source of value creation, and finally to give some recommendations for future development. 　　With case studies, we found that TransferWise successfully reduced the required transfer fee and information asymmetry, due to the interaction and strengthen from the four elements of business model. Meet the efficiency, lock-in, innovative, in its value creation, and future may be extended to complementary products. There are some problems that TransferWise needs to concern, however, such as high customer acquisition costs may result an ineffective marketing, customer repurchase might be too low to affect the total revenue, and as the expansion of its business scope, gross margin may be eroded. 　　Finally, compared with P2P lending, P2P transnational money transfer is a relatively new concept and business model. Although the demand side of Taiwan market has favorable environment to duplicate its model, however, it still depends on the attitude of the government toward this new business model. Even if the authorities are actively promoting the development of Fintech in Taiwan, it still has a lot of limitations and regulations on the viability of this model in Taiwan.

Feedback ist ein wichtiger Faktor für erfolgreiches Lernen – vorausgesetzt, dass es rich-tig eingesetzt wird (Hattie & Timperley, 2007). Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn es um den Erwerb neuer Kompetenzen geht. Die vorliegende Studie soll dazu beitragen, eine empirisch begründete kompetenzorientierte Brücke zwischen dem Konzept des negativen Wissens (Oser & Spychiger, 2005) und psychologischen Theorien zum Thema Feedback als Instruktionsmethode im Rahmen des selbstregulierten Lernens bei Schülern zu bilden und dazu anregen, den selbstregulierten Lernprozess von Schülern durch individuell angepasstes Feedback zu fördern. Dazu wurden zwei Hypothesen expliziert: Zum einen, dass Lernende, die Feedback über die konkrete Lokalisation des Fehlers erhalten, die dargebotenen Biologieaufgaben besser lösen können (prozessbezogene methodische Kompetenzen), als Lernende, die auf einer Metaebene eine Begründung für die Ursache des Fehlers in Kombination mit einer Frage zur kognitiven Aktivierung erhalten haben. Zum anderen, dass auf der im Rahmen der Intervention nicht trainierten strategischer Ebene das Feedback mit kognitiver Aktivierung effektiver ist. Um diese Hypothesen zu prüfen, wurde der Einfluss zweier Feedbackvarianten untersucht. In einem 2x2 Prä-Post-Test Design wurden dazu die Feedbackvarianten „Lokalisation des Fehlers“ und „Begründung des Fehlers mit kognitiver Aktivierung“ einzeln oder in Kombination einer Kontrollbedingung ohne Feedback gegenüber gestellt. Lernende der 7. Klasse bearbeiteten im Rahmen von zwei Doppelstunden ein webbasiertes interaktives Lernprogramm zum Thema „Experimentieren“. Die darin enthaltenen Multiple-Choice-Aufgaben (Hammann, 2007) umfassten die für das Experimentieren einschlägigen Kompetenzbereiche „Suche im Hypothesenraum“, „Testen von Hypothesen“ und „Analyse von Evidenzen“ (Klahr, 2000). Als abhängige Variablen haben wir jeweils in einer Prä-Post-Test-Messung den Zuwachs an prozessbezogenen methodischen Kompetenzen (operationalisiert über die korrekte Lösung der verwendeten Biologie-Aufgaben) und den strategischen Lernzuwachs (operationalisiert über die Bearbeitung des EEST-2, Marschner, 2010) untersucht. Um den möglichen Einfluss individueller Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Transferwirksamkeit des erworbenen Wissens zu erheben, wurden auch Daten zu Intelligenz, Persönlichkeitsfaktoren, zum Umgang mit Fehlern, zur Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung und zum selbstregulierten Lernen erhoben. Durch die Bearbeitung des Lernprogramms konnten die getesteten Schüler (N=355) über alle Versuchsgruppen hinweg signifikante Lernzuwächse auf der im Rahmen der Intervention trainierten Aufgabeneben (prozessbezogene methodische Kompetenzen) erzielen, nicht aber auf der nicht trainierten strategischen Ebene. Die verschiedenen Feedbackarten hatten jedoch keinen Einfluss auf den Lernzuwachs der untersuchten Stichprobe. Auf strategischer Ebene konnte sogar eine Verschlechterung des Ergebnisses vom Prä- zum Posttest beobachtet werden. Dieses könnte darauf zurückzuführen sein, dass die metakognitive Entwicklung der getesteten Schüler noch nicht ausgereift genug war, um das Feedback auf der intendierten Ebene verarbeiten zu können. In der Diskussion dieser Arbeit wird das Konzept des negativen Wissens (Oser & Spychiger, 2005) theoretisch mit den Ergebnissen aus der kognitionspsychologischen Forschung verknüpft und aufgezeigt, welche Parallelen zwischen diesen beiden Ansätzen bestehen. Die für diese Studie konzipierte computerbasierte Lerneinheit hat sich in der Praxis zur Einübung der Variablenkontrollstrategie bei Lehramtsstudierenden bewährt.