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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transformation des objets'
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Pantel, Marc. "Représentation et transformation : un modèle de la réutilisabilité pour les langages fonctionnels à objets." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT014H.
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L'objet de cette these est la definition d'un langage fonctionnel a objets possedant de bonnes proprietes de reutilisabilite et d'expressivite. Dans ce memoire, nous proposons un nouveau modele de reutilisabilite qui repose sur les notions de representations et de transformations. La premiere partie presente une etude synthetique des modeles de type et d'effets impurs. La deuxieme partie decrit le modele a base de representations et de transformations et propose plusieurs evolutions des mecanismes usuels de la programmation par objets. La troisieme partie presente un premier langage: micro-fol. Les representations y sont definies a partir de signatures et les methodes et transformations a partir de fonctions. Nous proposons un mecanisme d'inference de type par resolution de contraintes ensemblistes qui permet d'associer des informations de type precises aux phrases du langage. Ce mecanisme exploite les differentes formes de polymorphisme associees a la programmation par objets: genericite, sous-typage et surcharge. La quatrieme partie etudie l'introduction d'effets impurs dans la programmation fonctionnelle en utilisant la structure de monade qui permet de definir une semantique uniforme des differents effets impurs. La derniere partie est consacree a la presentation du langage fol, extension syntaxique de micro-fol. Le langage ainsi obtenu constitue un support pour l'etude des proprietes d'expressivite et de reutilisabilite
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Machado, Javam de Castro. "Parallélisme et transactions dans les bases de données à objets." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005039.
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Notre travail cherche à exploiter le parallélisme dans le contexte des systèmes de gestion de bases de données a objets a d'autres niveaux d'abstraction que celui d'une requête SQL, à savoir le parallélisme intra-transaction et le parallélisme intra-application. Notre approche pour parallélisassions des transactions considère un modèle de transactions classiques, ou une transaction est une séquence d’Operations. Le parallélisme intra-transaction consiste à transformer le code d'une transaction pour pouvoir exécuter ses opérations en parallèle. Notre approche pour l'exploitation du parallélisme intra-application étend tout d'abord le modèle de parallélisme intra-transaction de manière à considérer la transaction comme unité de parallélisassions. Deuxièmement nous avons considère l'exploitation du parallélisme intra-application dans un contexte ou le modèle de transaction fournit des transactions emboitées. Nous avons développé un modèle de parallélisassions des applications où nous associons le parallélisme offert par le modèle des transactions emboitées avec le parallélisme par transformation de notre approche de parallélisation des transactions<br>Nous avons implanté un premier prototype qui met en œuvre le modèle de parallélisation des transactions. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé le système de bases de données à objet 02. Notre prototype introduit le parallélisme par la création et la synchronisation des activités parallèles au sein du processus client 02 qui exécute une application. Le système étant développé sur une machine monoprocesseur, les fonctions liées au parallélisme utilisent de processus légers. Nous avons applique ensuite notre modèle de parallélisations au système de règles NAOS. Notre approche considère l'ensemble de règles d'un cycle d'exécution, dites règles candidates, pour la parallélisation. Nous construisons un plan d'exécution pour les règles candidates d'un cycle qui détermine l'exécution séquentielle ou parallèle pour les règles
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Awono, zinga Guy Grégoire. "Développement de l’industrie de transformation et usages de l’aluminium dans la vie quotidienne au Cameroun (1957-2003)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLE004/document.
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L’achèvement de la construction d’un barrage hydroélectrique d’une capacité de 20 000 kW, susceptible de produire annuellement 150 millions de kWh sur le fleuve Sanaga à Édéa au Cameroun en 1953, a amplement favorisé le développement d’une industrie de l’aluminium au Cameroun. En effet, les producteurs français d’aluminium du Groupe PUK avaient décidé d’utiliser les ressources hydrauliques du Cameroun pour la production du métal brut. Au commencement des activités d’aluminium de PUK en Afrique, on trouve la création d’ALUCAM à Édéa au Cameroun en 1954 (début d’activité en 1957). Au début des activités d’électrolyse, l’objectif principal d’ALUCAM était de produire de l’aluminium primaire destiné à être commercialisé exclusivement sur les marchés internationaux. Progressivement, cette entreprise a commencé à valoriser sur place ce métal. De ce fait, avec la création en 1960 d’une unité de transformation de l’aluminium dénommée SOCATRAL, dont les activités sont spécifiquement orientées vers la fabrication des objets destinés à un large public à savoir les tôles ondulées, et le rachat en 1961 d’une entreprise de seconde transformation spécialisée dans la fabrication des ustensiles ménagers, dénommée ALUBASSA, l’aluminium devient non plus un objet d’importation, mais plutôt l’un des métaux qui interviennent aujourd’hui aussi directement que possible dans la vie de tous les jours. Suite à cette expérience entamée au Cameroun, une filière a pu se développer par la création ou la prise de contrôle par ALUCAM d’industries dites de seconde transformation dans d’autres pays d’Afrique (Congo, Gabon, République Centre Africaine, Côte d’Ivoire, etc.). S’il est vrai que l’industrie de transformation du Cameroun a connu un développement quelque peu relatif, il faut cependant noter que l’innovation n’a vraiment jamais été au rendez-vous. Hormis quelques rares améliorations, les produits sont restés les inchangés. De plus, la qualité relative des produits dénote une faiblesse dans le domaine de la R&D. C’est un handicap majeur qui empêche l’industrie de transformation de l’aluminium du Cameroun de vendre ses produits en dehors de l’Afrique et de faire face à la concurrence sur les marchés<br>The completion of the construction of the hydroelectric dam with a capacity of 20 000 kW, capable of producing annually 150 million kWh on the Sanaga River in the town of Edea in Cameroon in 1953, has promoted the development of industry aluminum in Cameroon. Indeed, the French aluminum producer of Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann group (PUK) had decided to use the water resources of Cameroon for the production of raw metal. Initially aluminum PUK activities in Africa, is the creation ALUCAM to Edea in Cameroon in 1954 (start-up in 1957). Cameroon’s aluminum company (ALUCAM) whose main purpose was to produce primary aluminum, intended to be sold in international markets, mainly in France, gradually began to develop on site this metal. Therefore, with the creation in 1960 of Cameroonian society of aluminum processing called SOCATRAL, whose activities are specifically geared towards the production of objects for a wide public namely the corrugated sheets and the redemption in 1961 of a remanufacturer specializing in manufacturing household items, called Bassa aluminum (ALUBASSA), aluminum becomes either an import object, but rather one of the metals involved today as directly as possible in the lives of all days. With the creation of the company's primary aluminum in Cameroon SOCATRAL, which manufactures aluminum sheet, the aluminum considerably replaces the local cover materials: straw, raffia leaves, galvanized steel sheet. But household goods do not know the same success as the aluminum sheets especially the aluminum pots. Users consider them very light and unsuited. These pots do not resist to wood fires. They prefer pots manufactured with recovery’s aluminum because they are adapted to local cooking practices and they are heat resistant despite the danger that these pot, made of artisan way pose to people's health. Convinced of SOCATRAL and ALUBASSA results, ALUCAM and the french industrial aluminum producers of Pechiney’s group decide to make in other African States, an identical experience to that of Cameroon. Regarding innovation, the aluminum processing company can not convert because its industrial tools can not have other uses than that for which they were designed. The industrial level of the country does not promote the diversification of the aluminum applications. Morever, there is not sufficient market. The consequence is that, Since the beginning of the aluminum processing activities by the various business tranformation of aluminum in Cameroon, its products have remained the same
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Boulahia, Nora. "Contribution à la construction d'un réseau de méthodes de spécification, de transformation et de programmation." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ESAE0016.
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Le travail effectue dans cette thèse entre dans le cadre du projet TOOL-USE du programme ESPRIT. Ce projet vise à développer un environnement de programmation ou les méthodes de programmation jouent le rôle de paramètres de contrôle, introduits grâce a un langage d'expression de méthodes. On s'est donc intéressé a plusieurs méthodes classiques: VDM (vienna development method), TAD (types abstraits de données), les transformations de programmes, les types algébriques et les langages a objets. Les méthodes étudiées (mais ceci serait également vrai pour d'autres méthodes) ainsi que les méthodes de programmation et les programmes eux-mêmes présentent une similitude de structure. De plus, la dualité des unes par rapport aux autres font qu'on a jugé utile d'établir des passerelles entre ces méthodes, de construire un réseau méthodes. Chaque méthode est elle-même un réseau compose des maillons de base des méthodes. Le travail effectue sur la sémantique dénotationnelle et les spécifications algébriques a permis d'établir une première passerelle entre VDM et les types abstraits de données par le biais de règles de retranscription. Une autre passerelle a ensuite pu être établie entre le langage à objets Eiffel et les charmes, un type algébrique particulier, a travers une implantation de ce dernier en Eiffel. On s'est également intéressé aux techniques de transformation de programmes par inversion qui permettent de définir des passerelles internes a une méthode. Des schémas de programmes inversibles ont été dégagés et une méthode d'inversion a été définie.
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El, Qaoumi Kenza. "L'expansion fonctionnelle, nouvelle mesure de l'innovation. Analyse empirique et modélisation post-lancastérienne de la transformation des biens de consommation." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM028/document.
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L’analyse du phénomène de la transformation des biens de consommation en s'intéressant à l’expansion fonctionnelle de ces biens au cours du temps, a à la fois pu mobilisé et questionné différentes approches théoriques, que ce soit en sciences de gestion, en économie évolutionniste ou encore en ingénierie de la conception.La thèse propose d’évaluer l’expansion fonctionnelle des biens de consommation, afin de comprendre si leur transformation est un phénomène rare ou au contraire permanent. À l’aide d’un nouvel instrument de mesure, tout d’abord, nous rejetons l’hypothèse lancastérienne de la stabilité des biens de consommation au cours du temps, en montrant que leur transformation est permanente et que de nouvelle fonctions émergent d'une manière continue au cours du temps. Ensuite, nous montrons que l’émergence de l’innovation est non-poissonienne et contrôlée, qu’elle n’est pas exclusivement résultat d’un choc externe à la conception, mais qu’une innovation peut émerger indépendamment des besoins du marché ou des nouvelles technologies, à travers des efforts de la conception innovante.Enfin la thèse étudie le rôle de la prescription consumériste dans le maintien de la dynamique du marché au cours du temps, laquelle exige un apprentissage permanent de l’expansion fonctionnelle par les consommateurs. Nous montrons donc comment et pourquoi la prescription facilite ce processus d’apprentissage lequel garantit à son tour, une transformation permanente des biens de consommation, ce qui implique une dynamique continue entre l’offre et la demande<br>The analysis of the phenomenon of consumer goods transformation based on the functional expansion of these goods over time, has mobilized and challenged various theoretical approaches, whether in management science, evolutionary economics or engineering design.This thesis proposes to assess the functional expansion of consumer goods, to understand whether the transformation of consumer goods is rare or rather permanent over time. Using a new measuring tool, first, we could reject the lancasterian hypothesis of stability of consumer goods over time, by showing that the transformation of consumer goods is permanent and that new functions emerge constantly over time. Then we have shown that the emergence of innovations is non-poissonian emergence and controlled, that it is not exclusively the result of an external shock from the design, but that innovation can tip regardless of market needs or new technologies, through innovative design efforts.Finally, the thesis examines the role of consumerist prescription in maintaining market dynamics over time. This dynamic requires the continuous learning of functional expansion by consumers. So we show how and why the prescription facilitates the learning process, which in turn ensures a permanent transformation of consumer goods, and implies a continuous dynamic between supply and demand
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Tichon, Jacques. "Conception assistée de communicateurs pour handicapés à l'aide d'un langage orienté objet : le problème de la transformation." Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10041.
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Nous avons développé un générateur de communicateurs pour handicapés. Ce générateur a pour but de générer des systèmes de communication parfaitement adaptés aux besoins spécifiques de tout handicapé. Nous avons, pour cela, réalisé une plate-forme de prototypage de communicateur ouverte. Pour que son évolution soit aisée, nous avons choisi de développer suivant la méthodologie objet. Nous avons vérifié la possibilité d'évolution du générateur en lui ajoutant un module qui permet la transformation d'un message écrit dans un langage adapté aux handicapés (Bliss) en français correct. Le système présenté, très convivial permet à une personne, non spécialisée en informatique (l'opérateur), de réaliser très rapidement le prototypage d'un communicateur pour handicapé. L'opérateur dispose d'un micro-ordinateur courant. Il initialise, de manière interactive, un ensemble de variables, qui caractérisent le communicateur à construire. Le logiciel de génération du système de communication produit le communicateur adapté, ainsi que la description du matériel nécessaire. L'exposé de notre solution comporte trois parties. Dans un premier temps, il est fait un exposé général sur l'aide à la communication des handicapés. Dans un deuxième temps, nous décrivons le fonctionnement du générateur. Enfin, dans un troisième temps, nous étudions la façon de transformer les éléments d'information fournis par l'handicapé en français correct
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Ho, Wai-Ming. "Contribution à la réification d'un processus de conception." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN10057.
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Des avancées technologies ont pour but de remettre au niveau contrôlable de la complexité croissante de développement logiciel. D'après ces avancées, il semblait que l'effort de la communauté de développement logiciel se converge vers les moyens de transformations entre des expression haut niveau d'une solution et son implantation concrète. Cette thèse vise à étudier cette correspondance entre l'expression d'une solution conceptuelle et sa transformation vers une implantation donnée. Pour atteindre ce but, elle présente une approche systématique pour diviser le processus de réalisation d'un programmeur entre la conception et l'implantation. L'idée est mise en oeuvre dans l'outil de méta-modélisation UMLAUT qui se présente comme un méta-canevas d'application. Grâce à l'assemblage d'opérateurs de transformation de l'outil, il est possible de concevoir et de construire un outil adapté pour la mise en correspondance entre la solution et son implantation.
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Saada, Hajer. "Exploiting Model Transformation Examples for Easy Model Transformation Handling (Learning and Recovery)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20223/document.
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L'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles (IDM) est un domaine de recherche en pleine émergence qui considère les modèles comme des éléments de base. Chaque modèle est conforme à un autre modèle, appelé son méta-modèle, qui définit sa syntaxe abstraite et ses concepts. Dans un processus IDM, différents types de modèles sont manipulés par des transformations de modèles. Une transformation génère un modèle dans un langage cible à partir d'un modèle dans un langage source. Pour concevoir une transformation, les développeurs doivent avoir une bonne connaissance des méta-modèles concernés ainsi que des langages de transformation, ce qui rend cette tâche difficile. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons d'assister l'écriture des transformations et plus généralement de comprendre comment une transformation opère. Nous adhérons à l'approche de transformation de modèles par l'exemple qui propose de créer une transformation de modèles à partir d'exemples de transformation. Cela permet d'utiliser la syntaxe concrète définie pour les méta-modèles, et cela évite donc de requérir que les développeurs aient une bonne maîtrise des méta-modèles utilisés. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons deux contributions. La première consiste à définir une méthode pour générer des règles de transformation opérationnelles à partir d'exemples. Nous nous basons sur une approche qui utilise l'Analyse Relationnelle de Concepts (ARC) comme technique d'apprentissage pour obtenir des patrons de transformation à partir d'un appariement de type 1-1 entre les modèles. Nous développons une technique pour extraire des règles de transformation opérationnelles à partir de ces patrons. Ensuite, nous utilisons le langage et le moteur de règles JESS pour exécuter ces règles. Nous étudions aussi comment mieux apprendre des règles de transformations à partir d'exemples, en utilisant séparément chaque exemple ou en réunissant tous les exemples. La deuxième contribution consiste à récupérer les traces de transformation à partir d'exemples de transformation. Ces traces peuvent être utilisées par exemple pour localiser des erreurs durant l'exécution des programmes de transformation ou vérifier la couverture de tous les modèles d'entrée par une transformation. Dans notre contexte, nous supposons que ces traces vont servir pour un futur apprentissage des règles de transformation. Nous traitons tout d'abord le problème de récupération des traces avec des exemples provenant d'un programme de transformation. Nous proposons une approche basée sur une méta-heuristique multi-objectifs pour générer des traces sous forme d'appariement de type n-m entre des éléments de modèles. La fonction objectif s'appuie sur une similarité lexicale et structurelle entre ces éléments. Une extension de cette méthode est proposée pour traiter le problème plus général de l'appariement entre modèles<br>Model Driven Engineering (MDE) considers models as first class artifacts. Each model conforms to another model, called its metamodel which defines its abstract syntax and its semantics.Various kinds of models are handled successively in an MDE development cycle. They are manipulated using, among others, programs called model transformations. A transformation takes as input a model in a source language and produces a model in a target language. The developers of a transformation must have a strong knowledge about the source and target metamodels which are involved and about the model transformation language. This makes the writing of the model transformation difficult.In this thesis, we address the problem of assisting the writing of a model transformation and more generally of understanding how a transformation operates.We adhere to the Model Transformation By example (MTBE) approach, which proposes to create a model transformation using examples of transformation. MTBE allows us to use the concrete syntaxes defined for the metamodels. Hence, the developers do not need in-depth knowledge about the metamodels. In this context, our thesis proposes two contributions.As a first contribution, we define a method to generate operational transformation rules from transformation examples. We extend a previous approach which uses Relational Concept Analysis as a learning technique for obtaining transformation patterns from 1-1 mapping between models. We develop a technique for extracting relevant transformation rules from these transformation patterns and we use JESS language and engine to make the rules executable. We also study how we better learn transformation rules from examples, using transformation examples separately or by gathering all the examples.The second contribution consists in recovering transformation traces from transformation examples. This trace recovery is useful for several purposes as locating bugs during the execution of transformation programs, or checking the coverage of all input models by a transformation. In our context, we expect also that this trace will provide data for a future model transformation learning technique. We first address the trace recovery problem with examples coming from a transformation program. We propose an approach, based on a multi-objective meta-heuristic, to generate the textit{many-to-many} mapping between model constructs which correspond to a trace. The fitness functions rely on the lexical and structure similarity between the constructs. We also refine the approach to apply it to the more general problem of model matching
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Deguillemont, Denis. "Contribution de l'application de la transformation en ondelettes pour détecter et reconnaître des défauts sur des objets de nature complexe en production industrielle." Lille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIL10131.
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Dans certains cas, les methodes classiquement utilisees par les systemes industriels se montrent insuffisantes et le controle par des operateurs humains s'avere donc encore necessaire. C'est, en effet, le cas des produits industriels en metal, plastique, verre ou la reconnaissance de defauts semble etre tres proche de l'analyse de texture et pour lesquels les methodes classiques les plus performantes sont, dans la plupart des cas, difficilement utilisables dans un contexte industriel. Pour apprehender ce probleme particulier, dans son ensemble, nous nous proposons donc d'effectuer d'abord une rapide presentation, au chapitre 1, de l'etat de l'art en vision industrielle afin d'etre conscient du savoir-faire dans ce domaine, avant d'aborder, dans le detail, les methodes d'analyse d'images et de textures les plus classiquement utilisees. Nous nous interesserons ensuite, au chapitre 2, aux methodes de transformations orthogonales dont l'interet reside dans la decorrelation des donnees et nous montrerons que l'une des transformations les plus interessantes est la transformation en ondelettes puisqu'elle permet de realiser une analyse multiresolution que l'on peut considerer comme proche de celle du systeme visuel humain. Nous presenterons enfin dans le chapitre 3, notre methode basee sur l'analyse multiresolution qui, a l'aide de la transformation en ondelettes pour decorreler les donnees de l'image originale permet de faire apparaitre, a un niveau de resolution que l'on determinera, les defauts recherches. Il ne restera alors qu'a appliquer une methode de reconnaissance de formes utilisant les donnees multiresolutions issues de cette analyse pour reconnaitre et classifier les defauts.
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Yazid, Sidi Mohamed. "Spécification formelle de commande numérique de machine-outil." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0014.
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La these vise a aborder, avec l'aide de methodes de genie logiciel, les specificites des commandes numeriques de machines-outils presentes dans l'industrie. Le premier chapitre est consacre a l'etablissement de la pre-specification d'une commande numerique, c'est a dire le decoupage du flux d'informations qui fait que l'on passe d'une donnee du programme piece au deplacement de l'outil. Le second chapitre presente les possibilites de la methode z a l'aide de deux exemples de nature informatique. Il presente ensuite les regles de passage de la pre-specification, etablie dans le premier chapitre, a une specification en z. Le troisieme chapitre utilise le decoupage obtenu en i pour donner une description formelle originale, a l'aide de schemas, de l'enchainement des operations executees pour une commande numerique elementaire. Sur cette description nous construisons de maniere progressive des operations plus complexes. La se voit l'interet des regles presentees dans le second chapitre pour la construction des modeles formels des differentes variantes du fonctionnement de la commande numerique. Dans le quatrieme chapitre, on montre l'interet de z pour la verification des specifications presentees dans le chapitre precedent. On fournit une methode permettant de reconnaitre l'execution par la machine (specifiee prealablement) d'une suite d'operations qui pourraient etre regroupees dans un cycle d'usinage. Le cinquieme chapitre introduit l'usage d'une extension de z permettant une traduction des schemas de z en langage objet. Il pallie au probleme de la structuration de la specification en z, et fournit un modele a la fois formel et modulaire du fonctionnement de la commande numerique.
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Oum, Oum Sack Pierre Marie. "Contribution à l'étude de la qualité du logiciel : approche à base d'apprentissage automatique et de transformation de modèles." Littoral, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DUNK0221.
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Cette thèse propose des travaux liés à la définition et l’évaluation de la qualité du logiciel. Nous considérons la qualité comme un concept transversal devant être pris en charge par toutes les activités du développement du logiciel. Il devient donc important de fournir des mécanismes et outils assurant l’interopérabilité de ces activités. Ainsi, une partie importante de nos travaux est consacrée à l’adoption de GXL (Graph eXchange Language) comme médium d’échange d’objets ou artefacts logiciels. GXL sert donc comme support technologique de mise en œuvre de notre approche de modélisation et d’évaluation de la qualité qui est basée sur une démarche combinant l’ingénierie dirigée par les modèles et des techniques d’apprentissage automatique. Notre but étant de fournir une plate-forme opérationnelle permettant une définition précise des modèles de la qualité en utilisant les algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique et une construction incrémentale de ces modèles à l’aide de la transformation des modèles, implantée par les systèmes de réécriture de graphes<br>This thesis shows the various works we perform in the area of software quality definition and evaluation. We consider the software quality as a key and transversal concept that must be considered by all the software development activities. We must then provide tools dealing with interoperability of such activities. So, an important part of our work has been devoted to this topic by the means of the adoption of GXL (Graph eXchange Language). GXL is, in fact the medium allowing software objects or artefacts interchange. GXL is then used as a technological support in order to implement our approach that consists of defining and evaluating the software quality by combining concepts of the Model Driven Engineering and the machine learning. Our aim is to provide an operational platform allowing a precise definition of software quality by means of machine learning algorithms and an incremental quality models construction by means of model transformation operations that are implemented by a graph transformation system
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Biro, Yaëlle. "Transformation de l'objet ethnographique africain en "objet d'art" : circulation, commerce et diffusion des oeuvres africaines en Europe Occidentale et aux États-Unis, des années 1900 aux années 1920." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010600.
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Adoptant une perspective critique, cette étude a pour but de révéler, grâce à des documents d'archives en grande partie inédits, le rôle joue par les marchands dans la définition et la diffusion du concept d' objet d 'art africain, en Europe occidentale et aux Etats-Unis des années 1900 aux années 1920. Nous analyserons comment, par les choix qu'ils opérèrent, les expositions qu'ils organisèrent et les ouvrages qu'ils publièrent, les premiers marchands influencèrent profondément la réception des arts africains en Occident. Nous définirons le caractère éminemment international de ce marché dès sa formation et nous nous concentrerons sur un groupe restreint d'individus qui doivent être considérés comme les principaux protagonistes de la diffusion et de la promotion des arts africains des deux côtés de l' Atlantique: les marchands Joseph Brummer, Robert J. Coady, Marius de Zayas, Paul Guillaume et Charles Vignier, ainsi que le collectionneur John Quinn.
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Schusser, Amy Elizabeth. "Objects and shadows: transformation." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1328285927.
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Matias, Paulo Alexandre da Fonseca Almeida Rodrigues. "Objectos transformativos - objectos transicionais." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11354.
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Este estudo tem por base a pesquisa e trabalho realizados nos últimos quatro anos em torno da problemática do objecto como material artístico, em particular sobre o valor de certos objectos utilitários quando reunidos e apresentados de forma integrada num contexto especifico. Explora-se a importância do lugar de exposição dos objectos no seu duplo papel de conferidor do estatuto de obra, e de influência direta sobre o autor. A necessidade de a obra se expor para existir enquanto tal, condiciona a escolha do espaço e dos materiais em função das possibilidades de leitura e enriquecimento da significação da obra.
Deste encontro entre espaço de respiração da obra e espaço de acção do artista, nascem lugares que influenciam a produção e exposição dos objectos neles produzidos. A vitalidade das propostas artísticas depende em muito da capacidade de potenciar, em diferentes espaços, diferentes leituras junto de cada espectador; Abstract:
Transformative Objects – Transitional Objects
This study is based on the research and work developed along the past four years on the issue of objects as artistic material, and on the value certain objects acquire when (cohesively) assembled and presented in specific contexts. We explore the importance of exhibition space and its twofold purpose of definer of the object as artwork, and of direct influence over the author. The art piece only becomes such when exposed, and this determines the author’s choice of space and materials, to enhance different interpretations, and to enrich the artwork’s significance.
New places and ideas surface from this juxtaposition of the art piece’s and the artist’s spaces of action, influencing the production and exhibition of objects. The vitality of art proposals depends largely on the ability to use different exhibition spaces to offer to each viewer different potential interpretations.
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Hann, Christopher Eric. "Recognising two planar objects under a projective transformation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mathematics and Statistics, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1785.
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This thesis involves solving problems associated with object recognition
for two dimensional images under a projective transformation.
In order to recognise an object under any viewing angle requires invariant
features to be identified. These invariant features can be used to match two
images arising from two different views of a single object.
One invariant is the projective curvature which characterises all curves
up to a projective transformation. However the projective curvature depends
on seventh order derivatives so is very sensitive to noise in the discretisation
of the images and is of little practical use.
Using links between the projective group and its subgroups, invariant
points are found which depend on much lower order derivatives so are less
sensitive to noise. They can be located on the images using a smoothing
process then used to match the curves. However the smoothing process introduces
error into the invariant points so that there will be error in the
matching. This will not cause a problem if the two images have significantly
different image features as then they can be detected within the wider tolerances
of error. But this will cause a problem in distinguishing two images
which are similar but different as it will not be known whether the error in
the matching is due to error in the identification of the invariant points or
not.
A method, called the canonical form method, is developed incorporating
an error analysis which corrects the error in the matchings of the images.
This enables two similar but different two dimensional objects to be distinguished.
It also provides the background knowledge to solve new problems
as they arise.
In addition to this practical method for two dimensional object recognition,
a new characterisation of curves under the projective group and two of
its subgroups is done using potentials and an alternative method for deriving
and representing the projective curvature is given.
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Turnbull, Oliver Hugh. "Spatial transformations and object recognition." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364274.
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Smith, Alicia Brooke. "Essences and Transformations in Objects, Animals, and Humans." TopSCHOLAR®, 2010. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/213.
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Research as to how humans group natural kinds, such as animals, is essential to understanding categorization processes. However, it lacks conventional application and generalization to everyday life. Humans are social beings that encounter a wide array of individuals on a daily basis. In these situations, we are required to consider various properties that make up these people. As Keller (2005) suggests, the way we categorize is shaped by our theories about the world. Therefore, when we determine the rationale behind people’s social categorization processes, we are better able to understand people’s perceptions of their social environment. Moreover, when we conduct scientific research on how people categorize race, we gain substantial information about their perceptions and understanding of race. Thus, the goal of the present study was to determine how and to what extent people categorize race and if they use the principles of psychological essentialism to do so.
In order to determine if people tend to essentialize race in a similar manner as other natural kinds, the third study of the Hampton, Estes, Simmons (2007) research was replicated. In Study 1 and Study 2, undergraduate participants were obtained from Western Kentucky University’s psychology study board. In Study 1, participants were presented with transformation stories in which an animal or person came to look and act like another animal or person as a result of either mutation or maturation. Approximately one-half of the participants received scenarios that included information about the exemplar’s offspring. Approximately one-half received scenarios that excluded this information. Additional transformation stories that described changes to artifacts and the body (i.e. weight and hair length) were added as filler items. Participants rated the artifact/animal/person’s typicality, category membership, and their level of confidence in their ratings. In addition, they provided justifications for their responses. In Study 2, transformations were described as being the result of unintended or intended changes. In Study 2, one-half of the scenarios included a statement that the animal or human’s offspring resembled the initial state, I. One-half of the scenarios included a statement that the animal or human’s offspring resembled the final state, F. Participants rated the artifact/animal/person’s typicality and category membership. They were also asked to provide justifications for their responses.
This study provides further support for the belief of race as a natural kind given that subjects were more likely to essentialize race than animals. The study also suggests that people view race differently than other factors related to appearance (i.e. hair length and weight). In both studies, the majority of subjects were willing to state that a person changed if their hair or weight changed; however, they were unwilling to indicate a person could change their race. Furthermore, the justification data obtained in the study was one of the first studies to differentiate the reasoning used by those who did and did not essentialize animals and race.
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Bahri, Maroua. "Improving IoT data stream analytics using summarization techniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT017.
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Face à cette évolution technologique vertigineuse, l’utilisation des dispositifs de l'Internet des Objets (IdO), les capteurs, et les réseaux sociaux, d'énormes flux de données IdO sont générées quotidiennement de différentes applications pourront être transformées en connaissances à travers l’apprentissage automatique. En pratique, de multiples problèmes se posent afin d’extraire des connaissances utiles de ces flux qui doivent être gérés et traités efficacement. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse vise à améliorer les performances (en termes de mémoire et de temps) des algorithmes de l'apprentissage supervisé, principalement la classification à partir de flux de données en évolution. En plus de leur nature infinie, la dimensionnalité élevée et croissante de ces flux données dans certains domaines rendent la tâche de classification plus difficile. La première partie de la thèse étudie l’état de l’art des techniques de classification et de réduction de dimension pour les flux de données, tout en présentant les travaux les plus récents dans ce cadre.La deuxième partie de la thèse détaille nos contributions en classification pour les flux de données. Il s’agit de nouvelles approches basées sur les techniques de réduction de données visant à réduire les ressources de calcul des classificateurs actuels, presque sans perte en précision. Pour traiter les flux de données de haute dimension efficacement, nous incorporons une étape de prétraitement qui consiste à réduire la dimension de chaque donnée (dès son arrivée) de manière incrémentale avant de passer à l’apprentissage. Dans ce contexte, nous présentons plusieurs approches basées sur: Bayesien naïf amélioré par les résumés minimalistes et hashing trick, k-NN qui utilise compressed sensing et UMAP, et l’utilisation d’ensembles d’apprentissage également<br>With the evolution of technology, the use of smart Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, sensors, and social networks result in an overwhelming volume of IoT data streams, generated daily from several applications, that can be transformed into valuable information through machine learning tasks. In practice, multiple critical issues arise in order to extract useful knowledge from these evolving data streams, mainly that the stream needs to be efficiently handled and processed. In this context, this thesis aims to improve the performance (in terms of memory and time) of existing data mining algorithms on streams. We focus on the classification task in the streaming framework. The task is challenging on streams, principally due to the high -- and increasing -- data dimensionality, in addition to the potentially infinite amount of data. The two aspects make the classification task harder.The first part of the thesis surveys the current state-of-the-art of the classification and dimensionality reduction techniques as applied to the stream setting, by providing an updated view of the most recent works in this vibrant area.In the second part, we detail our contributions to the field of classification in streams, by developing novel approaches based on summarization techniques aiming to reduce the computational resource of existing classifiers with no -- or minor -- loss of classification accuracy. To address high-dimensional data streams and make classifiers efficient, we incorporate an internal preprocessing step that consists in reducing the dimensionality of input data incrementally before feeding them to the learning stage. We present several approaches applied to several classifications tasks: Naive Bayes which is enhanced with sketches and hashing trick, k-NN by using compressed sensing and UMAP, and also integrate them in ensemble methods
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Foss, Luciana. "Transactional graph transformation systems." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14966.
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Em contraste aos sistemas transformacionais, sistemas reativos são caracterisados por reagir continuamente a estímulos provinientes seu ambiente. Além da reatividade, se considerarmos que muitas aplicações requerem métodos de especificação que possibilitam descrever a distribuição espacial dos estados, sistemas de transformação de grafos parecem ser uma técnica de especificação bastante adequada. Algumas aplicações com essas características são sistemas móveis e vias biológicas. Além disso, diversas abordagens para especificação de sistemas reativos propõem usar linguagens assíncronas para especificar a comunicação entre componentes e definem mecanismos para descrever um conjunto (ou seqüência) de atividades que são realizadas atomicamente. Porém, pouca atenção tem sido dada à idéia de estender sistemas de transformação de grafos para permitir a especificação de atividades atômicas. Recentemente, inspirada nas idéias das redes de Petri “zero-safe” foi definida uma extensão de sistemas de transformação de grafos (GTS) – denominada GTS transacional (T-GTS) – equipando-os com uma noção de transação. Uma transação, nesta abordagem, descreve um conjunto de ações que são executadas de um modo atômico e é definida através de uma distinção entre os recursos visíveis e invisíveis de um ponto de vista externo, onde os últimos são considerados temporários e “esquecidos” em um nível abstrato. Nesta tese é dada uma fundamentação mais teórica para T-GTSs definindo uma noção de morfismos de implementação T-GTS (associando produções de um sistema com transações de outro) e, usando essa noção, é demonstrada a existência de uma adjunção entre as categorias de GTSs e T-GTSs com morfismos de implementação. Além disso, GTSs transacionais são estendidas com um mecanismo para descrever padrões de interação de sistemas reativos através de relações de dependência incluídas nas produções. A idéia é que um sitema interage com seu ambiente consumindo e criando elementos visíveis para à esse ambiente, uma relação de causalidade. Finalmente, propomos uma noção de refinamento para T-GTSs com relação de dependência caracterizada por uma visão “caixa-devidro”, onde alguns aspectos internos são preservados. Em um nível abstrato, o sistema é especificado por produções que descrevem (de uma maneira atômica) reações completas, onde a relação de dependência determina algumas restrições na estrutura interna dessas reações. Um refinamento de um sistema é definido por um morfismo total de implementação que associa cada produção (abstrata) a uma transação. Assim, o sistema refinado preserva todo o comportamento externo do sistema original e as restrições da estrutura interna determinadas pelas relações de dependência.<br>Reactive systems, in contrast to transformational systems, are characterised by having to continuously react to stimuli from its environment. If, in addition to reactiveness, we consider that for many applications the specification method should provide a way to describe the spatial distribution of states, graph transformation seems to be a suitable specification technique. Some applications with these characteristics are mobile systems and biological pathways. However, the approaches provided for graph transformations so far are not adequate to explicitly describe interaction patterns. Furthermore, several approaches to specify reactive systems propose to use asynchronous languages to specify communication between components and define mechanisms to describe a set (or sequence) of activities that are performed atomically. However, scarce attention has been devoted to the idea of extending GTSs in order to allow the specification of atomic activities. Inspired by the ideas of zero-safe Petri nets, an extension of graph transformation systems (GTSs) – called transactional GTS (T-GTS) – was defined, equipping them with a transaction notion. A transaction, in this approach, describes a set of actions that are executed in an atomic way and it is defined by distinguishing the resources that are visible or invisible from an external point of view, where the last ones are considered temporary and are forgotten at a more abstract level. In this thesis, we give a more theoretical foundation to T-GTS defining a notion of implementation morphisms between T-GTSs (associating graph productions of a system with transactions of other system) and using this notion we demonstrate the existence of an adjunction between categories of GTSs and T-GTSs with implementation morphisms. Moreover, we extends transactional GTSs with a mechanism to describe interaction patterns of reactive systems, by means of dependency relations included in the graph productions. The idea is that a system interacts with its environment by consuming and creating elements visible to this environment, obeying a causal dependency. Finally, we propose a notion of glass-box refinement for T-GTSs with dependency relations, where some internal aspects are preserved. In an abstract level, the system is specified by productions describing (in an atomic way) complete reactions, where the dependency relations give some constraints on the internal structure of these reactions. A refinement of a system is given by a total implementation morphism, that associates each (abstract) production to a transaction. Hence, the refined system preserves all external behaviour of the original system and the internal constraints given by the dependency relations.
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Ruddle, Keith. "Understanding journeys of transformation : exploring new paradigms in strategic change and enterprise transformation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ffb6a092-8476-4a07-899b-be41d4037caa.
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This thesis seeks to study the phenomenon of transformational journeys in major organisations, defined as a process of radical change delivering dramatic and sustained improvement in market competitive performance within an aggressive timescale. This is characterised by strategic repositioning, alongside shifts in both strategic and organisational architecture, and is observable as periodic in the life of an organisation. A research framework for observation and explanation is taken from theories and research in strategic change, strategic intent and competitive advantage, strategic and organisational architecture, management process in transformation and typologies of transformational journeys. The primary research question, “how do top managers in different organisations lead and manage transformational change?” was addressed with an overall qualitative dual approach: firstly a pilot cross-company study with executives from 23 organisations to develop a high level typology and compare and contrast aspects of process; secondly longitudinally to examine in detail the complex interrelationships and aspects of emergent process. The prime empirical work was a main case study of Thames Water Utilities on a 7 year journey. Limited or secondary data was used from around 7 other longitudinal cases. The thesis conclusions make a number of specific propositions: around effective use of the descriptive framework and metaphor of a journey; on dependencies between aspects of context, content and process of change in transformation; on typologies of different journey management styles; on perceived conditions for success; and on practical applicability. Specifically, the adoption of “navigational leadership” capability, defined by a number of dimensions and characteristics, is explored as a new and emergent style appropriate in future business circumstances of increasing change and uncertainty. The research also concludes that such styles can be learnt and adopted by top teams.
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Kutan, Kent. "Transformation of relational schema into static object schema." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02022010-020303/.
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Hsu, Tao-i. "Affine invariant object recognition by voting match techniques." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22865.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited<br>This thesis begins with a general survey of different
model based systems for object recognition. The advantage and
disadvantage of those systems are discussed. A system is then
selected for study because of its effective Affine invariant
matching [Ref. 1] characteristic. This system involves two
separate phases, the modeling and the recognition. One is
done off-line and the other is done on-line. A Hashing
technique is implemented to achieve fast accessing and voting.
Different test data sets are used in experiments to illustrate
the recognition capabilities of this system. This
demonstrates the capabilities of partial match, recognizing
objects under similarity transformation applied to the models,
and the results of noise perturbation. The testing results
are discussed, and related experiences and recommendations are
presented.<br>http://archive.org/details/affineinvarianto00hsut<br>Captain, Taiwan Republic of China Army
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Angrish, Deepshikha. "Catalytic transformations via metallocarbenes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dd93e21b-7e8a-44dc-b2f5-49fc670e065c.
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This thesis describes a new catalytic activity of a commonly used metathesis catalyst and demonstrates the viability of directly coupling two powerful C-C bond forming strategies: cross-metathesis and ylide transformations, both proceeding via metal-catalysed carbene transfer. Catalytic C-C bond formation reactions are highly significant; my studies focus on such transformations involving metallocarbenes. Grubbs' 2<sup>nd</sup> generation Ru catalyst is the most commonly used catalyst in olefin metathesis to generate thermodynamically preferred trans-olefms. During the course of my studies, I established that Grubbs 2<sup>nd</sup> generation catalyst (0.5 mol%) can also dimerise diazoacetates to give cis-enediesters (maleates) in good to excellent yields (74-99%) with high stereoselectivity (Z:E>95:5). The reaction between two different diazoacetates, catalysed by Grubbs catalyst gave access to unsymmetrical cis-enediesters with high stereoselectivity (Z:E>95:5, generally 99:1). The catalyst was found to retain its alkene metathetical activity during diazo coupling; building on this latter observation a novel route to access dienyl dilactones by head-to-head dimerisation of unsaturated diazoacetates was developed. Cross-metathesis was found to be chemoselective in the presence of diazo functionality (when flanked by two carbonyl groups), allowing the functionalisation of tethered olefin. The elaborated diazocarbonyl olefms were subjected to Rh<sub>2</sub>(OAc)<sub>4</sub> catalysed ylide formation and subsequent transformations. Significantly, one-pot cross-metathesis/ylide transformations (1,3-dipolar cycloaddition and [2,3]-simgatropic rearrangement) also proved to be viable, establishing that the spent Ru catalyst following metathesis does not affect the subsequent Rh(II)-catalysed transformation.
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Persson, Gerda. "Misunderstandings." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-150125.
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This project can be seen as a collection of architectural explorations that originate from the concept of misunderstanding. The misunderstanding involves an unconscious transformation that can create something new and unexpected and is therefore an important element both in history and in an individual design process. Five examples of misunderstanding from the history of architecture are described in short texts. From each text a drawing is selected that becomes the starting point for a process where translation between alternating digital and analog representation techniques transform the original object, in multiple steps. For each transformation, a text follows, in which the story is reinterpreted and distorted. The last step in this process is a larger physical object that no longer resembles the original drawing, and which, by its ambiguity begins to live its own life. One theme that emerged during the process has been the relationship between architecture and figures or bodies.<br>Detta projekt kan ses som en samling arkitektoniska betraktelser som tar sin utgångspunkt ur begreppet missförstånd. Missförståndet innebär en omedveten transformation som kan skapa något nytt och oväntat och är därför ett viktigt inslag både i historien och i en individuell designprocess. Fem exempel på missförstånd ur arkitekturhistorien beskrivs i korta texter. Utifrån dessa väljs ett antal ritningar som blir utgångspunkt för en process där översättningen mellan omväxlande digitala och analoga representationstekniker förvandlar det ursprungliga objektet i flera steg. För varje transformation följer en text där berättelsen omtolkas och förvrids. Det sista steget i denna process är ett fysiskt objekt i större skala vars gestalt är svår att härleda till den ursprungliga ritningen och som genom sin tvetydighet börjar leva sitt eget eget liv. Ett tema som utkristalliserat sig under processen har varit relationen mellan arkitektur och figurer eller kroppar.
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Mortimer, Claire. "New transformations of azacycles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1fe27dc8-6525-4d45-a398-b3e6531e7b99.
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The work presented in this thesis involves new transformations of azacycles, focusing on the introduction of functionality α-to N. α-C-H functionalisation on an azetidine has been a long-standing challenge, with N-protecting/activating groups that work well in the higher and lower azacyclic systems not viable. A recent breakthrough in the Hodgson group showed the rarely used N-thiopivaloyl group was effective for α-deprotonationâ electrophile trapping on azetidines, but was not without limitations concerning harsh removal conditions and scope for further substitutions. This thesis describes efforts to overcome these issues by development of a new protecting/activating group for N, t-butoxythiocarbonyl (Botc).
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Taghboulit, Sid-Ali. "Contribution à La définition d'un modèle orienté objet pour le SGBD SAAD." Valenciennes, 1993. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d177f1a2-d5ea-4cca-8169-7ada17f8c56b.
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L'apparition de nouveaux domaines d'utilisation de bases de données (BdD), tels que la productique intégrée, nous a conduits à concevoir et réaliser le système de gestion de base de données (SGBD) SAAD, base sur un modèle sémantique. Nous avons ensuite entrepris d'étendre le SGBD SAAD vers un modèle orienté objet. Cette thèse présente le SGBD SAAD, puis la définition de sa version orientée objet. Apres une revue des modèles de BdD sémantiques nous présentons notre SGBD dans sa première version. L'absence de consensus sur le modèle de BdD orienté objet, ajoutée à l'intégration accrue des techniques d'IA dans le processus de développement d'application nous a conduits à définir un nouveau modèle de données orienté objet pour le SGBD SAAD ainsi que l'héritage du langage qui le supporte. Parmi les concepts exposés; l'héritage partiel et la fixation d'attribut ont constitué le sujet d'une étude particulière. Nous présentons également dans cette thèse quelques aspects de la mise en œuvre du SGBD SAAD, parmi lesquelles une technique stockage d'objets complexes, le code ADA génère par la partie relative au langage, ainsi que les versions d'objets seront également concernés.
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Zilli, Mônica Marques. "O encontro estético como experiência de transformação." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19239.
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Previous issue date: 2016-09-09<br>The aesthetic experience has been fascinating people throughout history, being the target of several investigations in different fields of knowledge. In this work, the aesthetic encounter is conceived as an experience of transformation of the self, in so far as it constitutes an encounter with a transformational object, the effects of which are rooted in the experiences with the first caregiver objects. Based on W. Bion’s concept of réverie and on H. Kohut’s of transmuting internalization, the functional dimensions of the transformational object, from which the work of art operates, conveying an intrinsic sublimating potential, are investigated. This perspective legitimizes art as a complex and rich therapeutic device, hence its importance as a promoter of individual and collective health<br>Há séculos a experiência de fruição estética fascina o ser humano, sendo alvo das mais diversas investigações em diferentes campos do saber. Neste trabalho, busca-se pensar o encontro estético como experiência de transformação do self na medida em que se constitui um encontro com um objeto transformacional, cujos efeitos radicam-se nas experiências com os primeiros objetos cuidadores. Com aporte na teoria bioniana da réverie e kohutiana da internalização transmutadora, são elucidadas as dimensões funcionais do objeto transformacional a partir das quais a obra de arte, entendida como tal, operaria, veiculando um potencial sublimatório intrínseco. Esta perspectiva legitima a arte como complexo e rico dispositivo terapêutico, de modo que as transformações propiciadas pelo encontro estético na experiência do self dizem respeito à oferta de uma forma especializada de cuidado - a partir do que também se advoga a importância da arte e da cultura enquanto promotores de saúde individual e coletiva
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Swamy, Sneha. "Transformation of Object-Oriented Associations and Embedded References to Them." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1218692829.
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Khalil, Mahmoud I. "Planar object recognition under geometric transformations using wavelet transform." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63428.pdf.
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Júnior, Paulo Cesar de Abreu Paiva. "A mudança social como objeto de estudo: referências introdutórias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100134/tde-24022016-103859/.
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O presente trabalho tomará por objetivo, através de uma revisão bibliográfica temática e pesquisa em banco de dados, uma contribuição para o Programa de Pós-Graduação em Mudança Social e Participação Política (PROMUSPP), radicado na Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo, ao oferecer uma leitura geral e introdutória sobre a temática da mudança social e um panorama de autores recorrentes, tidos como referência neste campo interdisciplinar recentemente relido e em constante construção. Tendo em vista que, no âmbito do PROMUSPP nenhum estudo tenha proposto tal iniciativa, cremos estar no tempo, momento e local apropriado para tal. Neste sentido, será apresentada uma síntese teórica de caráter introdutório sobre o tema da mudança social como objeto científico de estudo<br>Through a literature review and data research this work aims to contribute to the Post-Graduate Program in Social Change and Political Participation (PROMUSPP), of School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities of University São Paulo. It will provide a general and introductory reading on the theme of social change, and an overview of recurrent authors, taken as a reference in this recent, and in constant construction, interdisciplinary field. Considering that, in PROMUSPP, no study has proposed such initiative, we believe being on the time and appropriate place to do so. In this sense, will be presented: a brief history on the subject of social change as a scientific object of study and a mapping of modern authors who have addressed the \"social change\" theory on their research
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Mikuš, Ondřej. "Detektor objektů s využitím vlnkové transformace." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218180.
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This thesis deals with applying methods on object detection in image. Separation of objects off the background is often needed during the image processing. It isolates the region of interest that can be worked with. The main purpose of this paper is the explanation of principles of pre-processing and segmentation of image, resulting in object detection using the wavelet transformation. This wavelet transformation is described more in detail, because it is the base of the primary used method. In the practical part of this thesis the main method was implemented to MATLAB environment and tested on set of images. The method was tested for robustness against noise and blur of image. It was compared with commonly used methods, using the edge detectors and thresholding. A simulation program was created for comparison of methods efficiency, including user interface.
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Nonami, Hiroko Yuri. "The reception and transformation of homeopathy in Japan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ec3d37df-8cc5-48f9-85f4-5d548689a658.
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This thesis examines from a medical anthropological viewpoint how the practice of the newly imported complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has been transplanted, received and transformed in Japan. More specifically, I focus on homeopathy, which was introduced into Japan in the late 1990s. To address the research question, I focus on the practice of homeopathy from the anthropological viewpoint. The adoption of any new form of medicine is influenced by the prevailing medical, social and cultural context. So, how and why was homeopathy introduced into Japan the late 1990s? I explore this question by focusing on three aspects of the reception of homeopathy in Japan: (1) the institutionalisation of the homeopathy, including the formation of associations of practitioners and homeopathic colleges; (2) the translation of the theory and practice of homeopathy by the practitioners into a culturally acceptable form; (3) the utilisation and consumption of homeopathy by the patients, their families and self-prescribers. Over eighteen months of fieldwork in Japan led me to focus on these three elements of homeopathic practice. Regarding the theoretical framework, this mainly explores medical pluralism and the health care system in Japan from an anthropological perspective, and the globalisation and transmission of medicine. I argue that the success of homeopathy in Japan was largely thanks to the transmission strategies set by the founders of the colleges for lay homeopaths. Mothers in particular, concerned by worries over family health care, were drawn by this approach. Furthermore I also argue that this group not only be' self-help groups, creating thereby a strong tie with the lay homeopaths. I argue that mothers gained a sense of the empowerment through homeopathy. Within the Japanese health care system it was the popular sector that received and developed homeopathy.
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Sanders, Jessica R. "Actions/Objects: A Knotting." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276036952.
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Salamon, András Z. "Transformations of representation in constraint satisfaction." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5d641fff-4d95-43b2-9ff8-73395d782ad8.
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In this thesis I study constraint satisfaction problems or CSPs. These require determining whether values can be assigned to variables so that all constraints are satisfied. An important challenge is to identify tractable CSPs which can be solved efficiently. CSP instances have usually been grouped together by restricting either the allowed combinations of values, or the way the variables are allowed to interact. Such restrictions sometimes yield tractable CSPs. A weakness of this method is that it cannot explain why all-different constraints form a tractable CSP. In this common type of constraint, all variables must be assigned values that are different from each other. New techniques are therefore needed to explain why such CSPs can be solved efficiently. My main contribution is an investigation of such hybrid CSPs which cannot be defined with either one of these kinds of restrictions. The main technique I use is a transformation of a CSP instance to the microstructure representation. This represents an instance as a collection of sets, and a solution of the instance corresponds to an independent set in the clause structure. For the common case where all constraints involve only two variables, I show how the microstructure can be used to define CSPs that are tractable because their clause structures fall within classes of graphs for which an independent set of specified size can be found efficiently. Such tractable hereditary classes are defined by using the technique of excluded induced subgraphs, such as classes of graphs that contain neither odd cycles with five or more vertices, nor their complements. I also develop finer grained techniques, by allowing vertices of the microstructure representation to be assigned colours, and the variables to be ordered. I show that these techniques define a new tractable CSP that forbids an ordered vertex-coloured subgraph in the microstructure representation.
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Slaymaker, Mark Arthur. "The formalisation and transformation of access control policies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:179cd9d2-0547-42b7-84a0-690bc4478bfb.
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Increasing amounts of data are being collected and stored relating to every aspect of an individual's life, ranging from shopping habits to medical conditions. This data is increasingly being shared for a variety of reasons, from providing vast quantities of data to validate the latest medical hypothesis, to supporting companies in targeting advertising and promotions to individuals that fit a certain profile. In such cases, the data being used often comes from multiple sources --- with each of the contributing parties owning, and being legally responsible for, their own data. Within such models of collaboration, access control becomes important to each of the individual data owners. Although they wish to share data and benefit from information that others have provided, they do not wish to give away the entirety of their own data. Rather, they wish to use access control policies that give them control over which aspects of the data can be seen by particular individuals and groups. Each data owner will have access control policies that are carefully crafted and understood --- defined in terms of the access control representation that they use, which may be very different from the model of access control utilised by other data owners or by the technology facilitating the data sharing. Achieving interoperability in such circumstances would typically require the rewriting of the policies into a uniform or standard representation --- which may give rise to the need to embrace a new access control representation and/or the utilisation of a manual, error-prone, translation. In this thesis we propose an alternative approach, which embraces heterogeneity, and establishes a framework for automatic transformations of access control policies. This has the benefit of allowing data owners to continue to use their access control paradigm of choice. Of course, it is important that the data owners have some confidence in the fact that the new, transformed, access control policy representation accurately reflects their intentions. To this end, the use of tools for formal modelling and analysis allows us to reason about the translation, and demonstrate that the policies expressed in both representations are equivalent under access control requests; that is, for any given request both access control mechanisms will give an equivalent access decision. For the general case, we might propose a standard intermediate access control representation with transformations to and from each access control policy language of interest. However, for the purpose of this thesis, we have chosen to model the translation between role-based access control (RBAC) and the XML-based policy language, XACML, as a proof of concept of our approach. In addition to the formal models of the access control mechanisms and the translation, we provide, by way of a case study, an example of an implementation which performs the translation. The contributions of this thesis are as follows. First, we propose an approach to resolving issues of authorisation heterogeneity within distributed contexts, with the requirements being derived from nearly eight years of work in developing secure, distributed systems. Our second contribution is the formal description of two popular approaches to access control: RBAC and XACML. Our third contribution is the development of an Alloy model of our transformation process. Finally, we have developed an application that validates our approach, and supports the transformation process by allowing policy writers to state, with confidence, that two different representations of the same policy are equivalent.
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Saad, Roy. "Sur une approche à objets généralisée pour la mécanique non linéaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10137/document.
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Les problèmes qui se posent aujourd'hui en mécanique numérique et domaines connexes sont complexes, et impliquent de plus en plus souvent plusieurs physiques à différentes échelles de temps et d’espace. Leur traitement numérique est en général long et difficile, d’où l’intérêt d’avoir accès à des méthodes et outils facilitant l’intégration de nouveaux modèles physiques dans des outils de simulation. Ce travail se pose dans la problématique du développement de codes de calcul numérique. L’approche proposée couvre la démarche de développement du modèle numérique depuis la formulation variationnelle jusqu’à l’outil de simulation. L’approche est appliquée à la méthode des éléments finis. Nous avons développé des concepts génériques afin d’automatiser la méthode des éléments finis. Nous nous sommes appuyés sur l'analyse tensorielle dans le contexte de la méthode des éléments finis. Le formalisme mathématique est basé sur l’algèbre tensorielle appliquée à la description de la discrétisation des formes variationnelles. Ce caractère générique est conservé grâce à l'approche logicielle choisie pour l’implantation; orientée objet en Java. Nous proposons donc un cadre orienté objet, basé sur des concepts symboliques, capables de gérer de manière symbolique les développements assistés des contributions élémentaires pour la méthode éléments finis. Ces contributions sont ensuite automatiquement programmées dans un code de calcul. L'intérêt de cette approche est la généricité de la description qui peut être étendue naturellement à tout autre modèle de discrétisation (spatiale ou temporelle). Dans ce travail, les concepts sont validés dans le cadre de problèmes linéaires simples (élasticité, chaleur,...), dans le cadre du traitement de formulations variationnelles mixtes (thermomécanique, Navier-Stokes,…) et dans un cadre Lagrangien (élasticité en grandes transformations, hyperélasticité,…)<br>The problems occurring today in computational mechanics and related domains are complex, and may involve several physics at different time and space scales. The numerical treatment of complex problems is in general tough and time consuming. In this context, the interest to develop methods and tools to accelerate the integration of new formulations into simulation tools is obvious. This work arises on the issue of the development of computational tool. The proposed approach covers the development process of numerical models from the variational statement to the simulation tool. The approach is applied to the finite element method. We have developed generic concepts to automate the development of the finite element method. To achieve this goal, we relied on tensor analysis applied in the context of the finite element method. The mathematical formalism is based on the tensor algebra to describe the discretization of a variational formulation. The generic character of the approach is preserved through the object-oriented approach in Java. We propose a framework based on object-oriented concepts capable of handling symbolic developments of elemental contributions for finite element codes. The advantage of this approach is the generic description that can be extended naturally to any discretization model in space or time. This concept is fully validated for simple linear problems (elasticity, heat convection, ...), for the treatment of mixed variational formulations (thermo-mechanical, Navier-Stokes for incompressible flows...) and Lagrangian frameworks (elasticity in larges transformations, hyperelasticity, ...)
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Tekin, Tugba. "Transformation Of An Urban Vector: Eskisehir Highway, Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610011/index.pdf.
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The urban transformation of the city of Ankara as a planned and constructed city with
stable configurations, definitive forms, limits and boundaries in scope of
modernization project of the country, is under the influence of new space-time
understanding with hybridizations, proximities, frictions, overlaps and
superpositions in neo-liberal era.
This thesis presents the rapid transformation of Eskisehir Highway which is the
development corridor of the city of Ankara. Eskisehir Highway is chosen in order to
reflect the complexity of the metropolitan condition of the city of Ankara. Eskisehir
Highway will be questioned as a vector which will be used as a tool to decipher
multi-dimensional dynamics of this complex urban condition which reconfigures the
new urban architecture with intensity, movement, direction and magnitude as
both the features of the vector and era.
The Highway as a vectorial urban realm is transforming itself and the nearby, with
the non-linear capitalist project production process. In order to understand this
transformation, the new urban objects of globalization will be examined as big
projects of large capital regarding the new relation patterns between architecture and
the urbanism under a framework shaped by the notions of movement-fluidity-
speed, intensity, direction and magnitude.
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Sarphie, David F. "Gas propulsion of microprojectiles for the transformation of biological cells." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c78bb189-665d-4199-8a0b-ce0b439389c7.
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Bombardment of intact cells and tissue with DNA-coated microprojectiles represents a novel approach to the genetic transformation of biological material. In this thesis, a gas propulsion particle gun is developed for such a purpose. The particle gun utilises gas dynamics to control particle velocity and spread, thereby enabling optimisation of transformation efficiencies for varying types of target material. The dynamics associated with particle acceleration are shown to relate to transient, shock tube flow. Measurements from schlieren high-speed video photographs of the shock structure of an underexpanded jet demonstrate good agreement with empirical correlations of previous researchers; pitot tube measurements of the nozzle exit Mach number are made and shown to be in good agreement with theoretical contact surface velocities. A novel optical particle velocimeter is used to measure particle time-offlight between axial locations in the system's target chamber, providing a consistent, distance-averaged measurement of particle velocities. Particle velocities are measured for a range of system pressure ratios and driver gases. Variation in particle velocities is seen to be similar to theoretical variation in contact surface velocities. Analytical theory is used to predict small gas-particle velocity lag. Particle velocities with helium as a driver gas are shown to be considerably higher than those with air. High speed video recording of chalk particles exiting the nozzle is used to visualise the spatial and temporal variation in particle spread as a function of nozzle pressure ratio. This technique demonstrates that particle spread increases with increasing nozzle pressure ratio, as gas dynamics theory indicates. Conditions for bombardment of maize suspension cells are experimentally optimised. Significant rates of transient genetic expression are achieved with both air and helium as driver gases. High levels of transient genetic expression are also found with bombardment of maize coleoptiles and the leaves of various dicot species. Transformation efficiencies for bombardment of HL60 human leukaemia cells show dramatic increases over efficiencies seen with conventional techniques not involving cell bombardment. For other cell types the gas propulsion device described here appears to give rates of transient genetic expression similar to those reported for commercial systems using microprojectiles. Other data for the performance of such systems are too limited at present to allow comparisons of controllability and reproducibility of bombardment efficiency.
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Schuller, Philipp A. "Money politics and the transformation of the Japanese political system." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e570b955-335f-4d84-92c8-b55d725a2e7c.
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In 1994, in response to repeated scandals of political corruption, or of money politics as it was also called, the Japanese Diet passed a comprehensive package of political reform laws. By placing the focus on a change in the election system, this package suggested that money politics was primarily a problem of the incentive structures that the political system provided. This dissertation is based on the premise that political reforms and the debate that produces them are a good indicator of how the Japanese themselves evaluated money politics and what they hoped to change about it. The dissertation shows that both money politics and the political reforms designed to address it have not been a recent phenomenon but have existed more or less continuously for at least 70 years. It analyses the history of three case studies of political reforms that were aimed partly or exclusively at changing money politics: first a political education initiative, second the establishment and amendment of the law controlling political finance and fund-raising, and finally the attempted creation of a law on defining and regulating political parties. These three case studies suggest that reformers saw money politics predominantly as a function of political culture, not of the electoral system. Specifically, they placed this political culture in an evolutionary process of modernisation which sometimes did, sometimes did not resemble Westernisation. They were concerned especially about the role of organisations such as labour unions, companies and political parties as mediators in the relationship between the Japanese voters and the state. Finally, the fact that a changing coalitions of politicians, bureaucrats and independent activists supported the modernisation of the political culture suggests that this interpretation of money politics was widely shared.
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Evans, Benjamin D. "Learning transformation-invariant visual representations in spiking neural networks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:15bdf771-de28-400e-a1a7-82228c7f01e4.
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This thesis aims to understand the learning mechanisms which underpin the process of visual object recognition in the primate ventral visual system. The computational crux of this problem lies in the ability to retain specificity to recognize particular objects or faces, while exhibiting generality across natural variations and distortions in the view (DiCarlo et al., 2012). In particular, the work presented is focussed on gaining insight into the processes through which transformation-invariant visual representations may develop in the primate ventral visual system. The primary motivation for this work is the belief that some of the fundamental mechanisms employed in the primate visual system may only be captured through modelling the individual action potentials of neurons and therefore, existing rate-coded models of this process constitute an inadequate level of description to fully understand the learning processes of visual object recognition. To this end, spiking neural network models are formulated and applied to the problem of learning transformation-invariant visual representations, using a spike-time dependent learning rule to adjust the synaptic efficacies between the neurons. The ways in which the existing rate-coded CT (Stringer et al., 2006) and Trace (Földiák, 1991) learning mechanisms may operate in a simple spiking neural network model are explored, and these findings are then applied to a more accurate model using realistic 3-D stimuli. Three mechanisms are then examined, through which a spiking neural network may solve the problem of learning separate transformation-invariant representations in scenes composed of multiple stimuli by temporally segmenting competing input representations. The spike-time dependent plasticity in the feed-forward connections is then shown to be able to exploit these input layer dynamics to form individual stimulus representations in the output layer. Finally, the work is evaluated and future directions of investigation are proposed.
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Al, Shara Zakarea. "Migration des applications orientées-objet vers celles à base de composants." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT254/document.
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Les applications orientées objet de tailles significatives ont des dépendances complexes et nombreuses, et généralement ne disposent pas d'architectures logicielles explicites. Par conséquent, elles sont difficiles à maintenir, et certaines parties de ces applications sont difficiles à réutiliser. Le paradigme de développement à base de composants est né pour améliorer ces aspects et pour soutenir la maintenabilité et la réutilisation efficaces. Il offre une meilleure compréhensibilité à travers une vue d'architecture de haut niveau. Ainsi, la migration des applications orientées objet à celles à base de composants contribuera à améliorer ces caractéristiques, et de soutenir l'évolution des logiciels et la future maintenance.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une approche pour transformer automatiquement les applications orientées objet à celles à base de composants. Plus particulièrement, l'entrée de l'approche est le résultat fourni par la récupération de l'architecture logicielle: une description de l'architecture à base de composants. Ainsi, notre approche transforme le code source orienté objet afin de produire des composants déployables. Nous nous concentrons sur la transformation des dépendances orientées objet en celles basées sur les interfaces. De plus, nous passons du concept d'objet au concept d'instance d'un composant. En outre, nous fournissons une approche de transformation déclarative en utilisant des langages dédiés. Nous démontrons notre approche sur de nombreux modèles de composants bien connus<br>Large object-oriented applications have complex and numerousdependencies, and usually do not have explicitsoftware architectures. Therefore they are hard to maintain, and parts of themare difficult to reuse. Component-based development paradigm emergedfor improving these aspects and for supporting effectivemaintainability and reuse. It provides better understandabilitythrough a high-level architecture view of the application. Thus, migrating object-oriented applications to component-based ones will contribute to improve these characteristics, and support software evolution and future maintenance.In this dissertation, we propose an approach to automatically transform object-oriented applications tocomponent-based ones. More particularly, the input of the approach isthe result provided by software architecture recovery: acomponent-based architecture description. Then, our approachtransforms the object-oriented source code in order to producedeployable components. We focus on transforming object-oriented dependencies into interface-based ones. Moreover, we move from the concept of object to the concept of component instance. Furthermore, we provide a declarative transformation approach using domain-specific languages. We demonstrate our approach on many well-known component models
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Vernon, David J. "Effects of colour transformations on implicit and explicit tests of memory for natural objects." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342269.
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Zharkevich, Ina. "'Changing times' : war and social transformation in Mid-Western Nepal." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:64d6de22-631c-4bb6-988a-d416eeb897fd.
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This thesis is an ethnographic account of social change, triggered by the civil war in Nepal (1996-2006). Based on an ethnographic fieldwork in the village of Thabang, the war-time capital of the Maoist base area, this thesis explores the transformative impact of the conflict on people’s everyday lives and on the constitution of key hierarchies structuring Nepali society. Rather than focusing on violence and fear – the commonly researched themes in warzones – the thesis examines people’s everyday social and embodied practices during the war and its aftermath, arguing that these remain central to our understanding of war-time social processes and the ways in which they shape the contours of post-conflict society. By focusing on mundane practices – such as meat-eating and alcohol-drinking, raising livestock and worshipping gods – the thesis demonstrates how change at the micro-level is illustrative of a profound transformation in the social structures constituting Nepali society. Theoretically, the thesis seeks to understand how the situation of war re-orders society: in this case, how people in the Maoist base area interiorized formerly transgressive norms and practices, and how these practices were normalized in the post-conflict environment. The research revealed that much of the change triggered by the conflict came as a result of the ‘exceptional’ times of war and the necessity to follow ‘rules that apply in times of crisis’. Thus, in adopting transgressive practices during the conflict, people were responding to the expediency of war-time rather than following Maoist war-time policies or ‘propaganda’. Furthermore, while adopting hitherto unimaginable practices and making them into habitual action, people transformed the rigid social structures, without necessarily intending to do so. The thesis puts particular stress on the centrality of unintended consequences in social change, the power of embodied practice in making change real, and the ways in which agency and structure are mutually constitutive.
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Della, Porta Francesco M. G. "Selection mechanisms for microstructures and reversible martensitic transformations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:085f0e90-6d07-4cb6-9bb9-13517de1b65e.
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The work in this thesis is inspired by the fabrication of Zn<sub>45</sub>Au<sub>30</sub>Cu<sub>25</sub>. This is the first alloy undergoing ultra-reversible martensitic transformations and closely satisfying the cofactor conditions, particular conditions of geometric compatibility between phases, which were conjectured to influence reversibility. With the aim of better understanding reversibility, in this thesis we study the martensitic microstructures arising during thermal cycling in Zn<sub>45</sub>Au<sub>30</sub>Cu<sub>25</sub>, which are complex and different in every phase transformation cycle. Our study is developed in the context of continuum mechanics and nonlinear elasticity, and we use tools from nonlinear analysis. The first aim of this thesis is to advance our understanding of conditions of geometric compatibility between phases. To this end, first, we further investigate cofactor conditions and introduce a physically-based metric to measure how closely these are satisfied in real materials. Secondly, we introduce further conditions of compatibility and show that these are nearly satisfied by some twins in Zn<sub>45</sub>Au<sub>30</sub>Cu<sub>25</sub>. These might influence reversibility as they improve compatibility between high and low temperature phases. Martensitic phase transitions in Zn<sub>45</sub>Au<sub>30</sub>Cu<sub>25</sub> are a complex phenomenon, especially because the crystalline structure of the material changes from a cubic to a monoclinic symmetry, and hence the energy of the system has twelve wells. There exist infinitely many energy-minimising microstructures, limiting our understanding of the phenomenon as well as our ability to predict it. Therefore, the second aim of this thesis is to find criteria to select physically-relevant energy minimisers. We introduce two criteria or selection mechanisms. The first involves a moving mask approximation, which allows one to describe some experimental observations on the dynamics, while the second is based on using vanishing interface energy. The moving mask approximation reflects the idea of a moving curtain covering and uncovering microstructures during the phase transition, as appears to be the case for Zn<sub>45</sub>Au<sub>30</sub>Cu<sub>25</sub>, and many other materials during thermally induced transformations. We show that the moving mask approximation can be framed in the context of a model for the dynamics of nonlinear elastic bodies. We prove that every macroscopic deformation gradient satisfying the moving mask approximation must be of the form 1 + a(x) ⊗ n(x), for a.e. x. With regards to vanishing interface energy, we consider a one-dimensional energy functional with three wells, which simplifies the physically relevant model for martensitic transformations, but at the same time highlights some key issues. Our energy functional admits infinitely many minimising gradient Young measures, representing energy-minimising microstructures. In order to select the physically relevant ones, we show that minimisers of a regularised energy, where the second derivatives are penalised, generate a unique minimising gradient Young measure as the perturbation vanishes. The results developed in this thesis are motivated by the study of Zn<sub>45</sub>Au<sub>30</sub>Cu<sub>25</sub>, but their relevance is not limited to this material. The results on the cofactor conditions developed here can help for the understanding of new alloys undergoing ultra-reversible transformations, and as a guideline for the fabrication of future materials. Furthermore, the selection mechanisms studied in this work can be useful in selecting physically relevant microstructures not only in Zn<sub>45</sub>Au<sub>30</sub>Cu<sub>25</sub>, but also in other materials undergoing martensitic transformations, and other phenomena where pattern formation is observed.
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Tan, Peng Wen. "Transition metal catalyzed reactions and functionalized group transformations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:336947d0-c3c7-4c45-9849-d3231c53ab42.
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The overall objective of this thesis is to develop contemporary transition-metal-catalyzed strategies and applications to access various biologically and chemically relevant compounds in a direct and elegant fashion.
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Lenc, Karel. "Representation of spatial transformations in deep neural networks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:87a16dc2-9d77-49c3-8096-cf3416fa6893.
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This thesis addresses the problem of investigating the properties and abilities of a variety of computer vision representations with respect to spatial geometric transformations. Our approach is to employ machine learning methods for finding the behaviour of existing image representations empirically and to apply deep learning to new computer vision tasks where the underlying spatial information is of importance. The results help to further the understanding of modern computer vision representations, such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in image classification and object detection and to enable their application to new domains such as local feature detection. Because our theoretical understanding of CNNs remains limited, we investigate two key mathematical properties of representations: equivariance (how transformations of the input image are encoded) and equivalence (how two representations, for example two different parameterizations, layers or architectures share the same visual information). A number of methods to establish these properties empirically are proposed. These methods reveal interesting aspects of their structure, including clarifying at which layers in a CNN geometric invariances are achieved and how various CNN architectures differ. We identify several predictors of geometric and architectural compatibility. Direct applications to structured-output regression are demonstrated as well. Local covariant feature detection has been difficult to approach with machine learning techniques. We propose the first fully general formulation for learning local covariant feature detectors which casts detection as a regression problem, enabling the use of powerful regressors such as deep neural networks. The derived covariance constraint can be used to automatically learn which visual structures provide stable anchors for local feature detection. We support these ideas theoretically, and show that existing detectors can be derived in this framework. Additionally, in cooperation with Imperial College London, we introduce a novel large-scale dataset for evaluation of local detectors and descriptors. It is suitable for training and testing modern local features, together with strictly defined evaluation protocols for descriptors in several tasks such as matching, retrieval and verification. The importance of pixel-wise image geometry for object detection is unknown as the best results used to be obtained with combination of CNNs with cues from image segmentation. We propose a detector which uses constant region proposals and, while it approximates objects poorly, we show that a bounding box regressor using intermediate convolutional features can recover sufficiently accurate bounding boxes, demonstrating that the required geometric information is contained in the CNN itself. Combined with other improvements, we obtain an excellent and fast detector that processes an image only with the CNN.
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Césard, Nicolas. "Des objets en partage : produits forestiers, prestations matrimoniales et transformations sociales chez les Punan Tubu, Kalimantan-Est, Indonésie." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0597.
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Ce travail s’attache à comprendre les processus qui sur plus d’un siècle conduisent les groupes nomades du nord-est de Bornéo en Indonésie, à transformer, voire à abandonner, leur mode de subsistance pour adopter des stratégies commerciales, un certain degré de sédentarisation et de nouvelles dispositions sociales. Mon intention est d’apporter un éclairage sur l’évolution des échanges entre ces groupes récemment sédentarisés et le monde extérieur et sur les effets de retour qui en résultent pour leurs structures sociales et leurs usages du milieu naturel. L’ouverture sur l’aval, et en particulier, l’accélération du commerce des produits forestiers non ligneux sur la rivière Tubu a durablement transformé le système matrimonial des bandes Punan de la région. La reconstitution sociohistorique montre l’émergence de nouveaux biens, l’influence déterminante des groupes ethniques voisins et l’adoption de prestations matrimoniales complexes. Outre les stratégies économiques mises en place par chaque famille, unité résidentielle de base, cette recherche sur l’évolution de l’union matrimoniale met en évidence le pragmatisme social des anciens nomades de Bornéo. Considérant leurs actions comme des fins en soi, je montre que les Punan font les choix qui correspondent le mieux à leur situation. La réflexivité des familles sur leur situation actuelle interroge l’histoire du groupe, son parcours, et plus fondamentalement son "idéologie". L’enjeu autour des prestations et de leur fonctionnement apparaît actuellement pour les Punan comme celui d’une reconnaissance identitaire. Prises dans un contexte pluriethnique, les familles sédentarisées hésitent en permanence entre l’affirmation de leur identité originale et le désir de montrer qu’elles ont changé<br>This thesis seeks to understand the processes that, for over a century, have led the north-eastern nomadic groups of Borneo (Indonesia) to transform, and even abandon, their subsistence way of life in favor of commercial strategies, a sedentary lifestyle, and the adoption of new social dispositions. My intention is to elucidate upon the evolution of exchanges between these recently settled groups and the outside world. Furthermore, this thesis will explore the resulting impacts for their social structures and their use of natural resources. This opening up to the outside world, and in particular the commercialization of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) on the Tubu River, has significantly altered the matrimonial system of Punan groups in the region. A socio-historical reconstruction demonstrates the emergence of new goods, as well as the determining influence of neighboring ethnic groups, and the adoption of a system of complex marriage payments. By focusing on the evolution of marriage over time, this research will explore the economic strategies put in place by each family which remains the group’s primary social unit. In so doing, this thesis brings a more comprehensive understanding to the social pragmatism of ancient Borneo nomads. By considering their practices as ends in themselves, I demonstrate that the decisions the Punan take are always best suited to their current situation. The reflexivity families have on their situation brings into question the group’s history, its trajectory, and more fundamentally, its ideology. The dynamics surrounding the nature and organization of matrimonial payments among the Punan reveal the groups quest for collective identity. Taken in a multi-ethnic context, newly settled families continuously oscillate between their desire to affirm their original identity and demonstrate how they have changed
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Yaacob, Norlaily. "Reflective computation in concurrent object-based languages : a transformational approach." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302666.
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Ladkau, Matthias. "A wide spectrum type system for transformation theory." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/2410.
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One of the most difficult tasks a programmer can be confronted with is the migration of a legacy system. Usually, these systems are unstructured, poorly documented and contain complex program logic. The reason for this, in most cases, is an emphasis on raw performance rather than on clean and structured code as well as a long period of applying quick fixes and enhancements rather than doing a proper software reengineering process including a full redesign during major enhancements. Nowadays, the old programming paradigms are becoming an increasingly serious problem. It has been identified that 90% of the costs of a typical software system arise in the maintenance phase. Many companies are simply too afraid of changing their software infrastructure and prefer to continue with principles like "never touch a running system". These companies experience growing pressure to migrate their legacy systems onto newer platforms because the maintenance of such systems is expensive and dangerous as the risk of losing vital parts of sources code or its documentation increases drastically over time. The FermaT transformation system has shown the ability to automatically or semi-automatically restructure and abstract legacy code within a special intermediate language called WSL (Wide Spectrum Language). Unfortunately, the current transformation process only supports the migration of assembler as WSL lacks the ability to handle data types properly. The data structures in assembler are currently directly translated into C data types which involves many assumptional “hard coded” conversions. The absence of an adequate type system for WSL caused several flaws for the whole transformation process and limits its abilities significantly. The main aim of the presented research is to tackle these problems by investigating and formulating how a type system can contribute to a safe and reliable migration of legacy systems. The described research includes the definition of key aspects of type related problems in the FermaT migration process and how to solve them with a suitable type system approach. Since software migration often includes a change in programming language the type system for WSL has to be able to support various type system approaches including the representation of all relevant details to avoid assumptions. This is especially difficult as most programming languages are designed for a special purpose which means that their possible programming constructs and data types differ significantly. This ranges from languages with simple type systems whose program sare prone to unintended side-effects, to languages with strict type systems which are constrained n their flexibility. It is important to include as many type related details as necessary to avoid making assumptions during language to language translation. The result of the investigation is a novel multi layered type system specifically designed to satisfy the needs of WSL for a sophisticated solution without imposing too many limitations on its abilities. The type system has an adjustable expressiveness, able to represent a wide spectrum of typing approaches ranging from weak typing which allows direct memory access and down casting, via very strict typing with a high diversity of data types to object oriented typing which supports encapsulation and data hiding. Looking at the majority of commercial relevant statically typed programming languages, two fundamental properties of type strictness and safety can be identified. A type system can be either weakly or strongly typed and may or may not allow unsafe features such as direct memory access. Each layer of the Wide Spectrum Type System has a different combination of these properties. The approach also includes special Type System Transformations which can be used to move a given WSL program among these layers. Other emphasised key features are explicit typing and scalability. The whole approach is based on a sound mathematical foundation which assures correctness and integrates seamlessly into the present mathematical definition of WSL. The type system is formally introduced to WSL by constructing an attribute grammar for the language. Type checking and type inference are used to annotate the Abstract Syntax Tree of a given WSL program with type derivations which can be used to reveal and indicate possible typing errors or to infer types if the program did not feature explicit type declarations in the first place. Notable in this approach is also the fact that object orientation is introduced to a procedural programming language without the introduction of new semantics. It is shown that object orientation can be introduced just by adjusting type checking rules and adding some syntactical notations. The approach was implemented and tested on two case studies. The thesis describes and discusses both cases in detail and shows how a migration which ignores type systems could accidentally introduce errors due to assumptions during translation. Both case studies use all important aspects of the approach, Including type transformations and object identification. The thesis finalises by summarising the whole work, identifying limitations, presenting future perspectives and drawing conclusions
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Abdullahi, Ismaila. "Automated verification of object Petri nets based on transformation, unfoldings and SAT solving." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2018. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/automated-verification-of-object-petri-nets-based-on-transformation-unfoldings-and-sat-solving(a1561b6d-bb33-4d23-b787-689bef1afe27).html.
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