Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transformation structurelle'
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Kuate, Fotue Landry. "Allocation des dépenses publiques pour la transformation structurelle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26133.
Full textAlobo, Sarah. "Options de survie, processus de changement et transformation structurelle. Diversification des moyens de subsistance chez les ménages agricoles des régions rurales de l'Afrique sub-saharienne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, SupAgro, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSAM0022.
Full textThe overall objective of this thesis is to understand the role of diversification at household level, its patterns, determinants and effects on rural smallholder farmers in SSA, as well as its implications for the process of structural transformation in SSA. In the thesis, I use a mixed methodology and combine different types of data on rural smallholders in SSA to answer the objectives – a review of previous literature, empirical data from quantitative surveys and qualitative fieldwork. The findings are presented in three articles:In the first article, I undertake a comprehensive review of the literature on the nature and evolution of rural livelihood diversification in SSA among smallholder farmers. It reveals mixed findings about the causes and consequences of livelihood diversification on the rural smallholders adopting this strategy. It shows that because of asset constraints increase in incomes and wealth based on livelihood diversification has not yet benefitted the large majority of smallholders in SSA. On the other hand, there are a lot of evidence from the literature suggesting that it is relatively better-off smallholders with sufficient assets, who achieve successful livelihood diversification, mainly by exploiting opportunities and synergies between farm and nonfarm activities. In the second article, I investigate the spatial and geographical patterns and determinants of income diversification using cross-sectional data on rural farm households from six regions in Senegal and Kenya. In addition, I supplement the analysis of the quantitative data with information from qualitative fieldwork. The findings show that the specific patterns and determinants of diversification differ significantly between regions, with push and pull factors sometimes acting concurrently. Although geographical location matters for income diversification, the context of the region seems to matter even more, as it influences the type of diversification households may engage in. In the third article, I use panel data to explore the geographical and gender dimensions of livelihood diversification and its determinants in two agricultural regions of rural Kenya (Kakamega and Nyeri). I complement the panel data with data from my own qualitative fieldwork. The empirical investigation into the dynamics and motivations for livelihood diversification shows that whether or not household fixed effects are included in the econometric panel data models, there is a positive and significant relationship between changes in household asset wealth and changes in livelihood diversification, ceteris paribus. In addition to asset wealth, other important determinants of positive changes in livelihood diversification over the study period include: the initial level of diversification, changes in demographic factors such as age, gender (being a female headed household) and level of education of the household head (in Kakamega), and increased use of hired labour
Muthui, Kristin. "La transformation structurelle et les événements météorologiques extrêmes : essais sur les impacts agricoles et les stratégies d'adaptation dans les pays à faible revenu." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASI015.
Full textThis thesis investigates the impact of weather extremes, biodiversity, and sustainable agriculture practices on structural transformation in low-income and emerging economies, building on the works of McMillan et al. (2014) and Dorin et al. (2013). Structural transformation, defined as the shift from low-productivity agriculture to higher-productivity sectors like industry and services, has historically driven economic growth in high-income countries. However, in developing nations, factors such as low agricultural productivity, the effects of Washington Consensus reforms, commodity booms, rapid urbanisation, and demographic change have impeded this process. Climate change and biodiversity degradation further challenge the feasibility of past industrialisation strategies.The first chapter examines the effects of weather extremes—droughts, floods, and heatwaves—on structural transformation. Using a dynamic panel model and simultaneous equations, it finds that extreme weather reduces agricultural labour productivity and increases reliance on agriculture for employment, particularly for some countries in Africa. In contrast, some countries in Latin America and Asia, benefiting from favourable conditions, experienced growth-enhancing structural transformation, underscoring the need for region-specific climate adaptation strategies. The second chapter extends this analysis by exploring the role of biodiversity in supporting agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) growth. While biodiversity positively impacts agricultural TFP growth, extreme weather, particularly droughts, undermines these benefits, emphasising the need to safeguard natural capital to sustain TFP growth. The third chapter examines the impact of sustainable agriculture practices on structural transformation, using data from Senegal's 2020-2021 agriculture census. Farms are grouped into three categories: high-input intensive, climate-adapted, and traditional farms with sustainable practices. High-input farms demonstrate the highest productivity, while climate-adapted farms show moderate results. Adoption rates of sustainable practices remain low, shaped by factors such as household literacy, agricultural support, and extreme weather events. Practices like conservation agriculture are linked to reduced negative impacts from weather extremes and environmental degradation. The thesis advocates for integrated, localised strategies to boost agricultural productivity and drive growth-enhancing structural transformation in the face of more frequent and extreme weather
Silva-Morales, Milena-Jael. "Comprendre la transformation institutionnelle et structurelle d'un système de service public urbain qui devient smart : une approche néo-schumpétérienne pour comprendre l'innovation technologique et institutionnelle dans les systèmes de service." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAG011/document.
Full textThis thesis contributes to the understanding of an emergent and complex phenomenon: transformation/smartization of the urban public service system. This involves innovative, context-sensitive and interoperable public service systems, as well as the cross combination of different services sectors such as transport, tourism, taxes, etc. We define three pillars of service science : Service System (SS), Service Innovation (IS) and Institutional Service Logic (LIS) in order to develop a process and content research to understand the dynamics of urban public service system institutional and structural transformation. We propose a method based on Latent SemanticAnalysis (LSA), Factor Analysis (FA), text mining and grounded theory to inductively reveal 30 years of evolution of interdisciplinarySS, IS and LIS intellectual structure from 1986 to 2015. In particular, we analyze the process of institutional work between antagonisticand complementary collective logics. Then, we mobilize complex thinking as an integrating framework of components of the urban publicservice system that becomes smart, as a whole and its parts. Our research design is based on grounded theory ; observations, longitudinalcase study with a multi-level approach (i.e. local and national) ; the dialogic model(Parmentier-Cajaiba & Avenier, 2013) and the pragmaticconstructivism epistemological paradigm (PECP). We define two working ontological hypotheses : the relational ontology and becomingontology. From the theoretical point of view, our research contributes to the theoretical refinement of the literature on SS, IS and LIS. Wepropose three heuristic models from a process and content analysis (Baines et al. 2017) and grounded theory (Gioia & Chittipeddi, 1991 ;Gioia et al., 2013). The first heuristic model contributes to the understanding of the institutional work process for the creation of institutionalarrangements (Standard, boundary resources, APIs) between two antagonistic and complementary collective logics (Morin, 2005 ; Smets & Jarzabkowski, 2013 ; Greenwood et al., 2017) : the service-dominant logic of the market (Lusch & Nambisan, 2015 ; Vargo & Lusch, 2016)and the public service logic (Osborne et al., 2015 ; Osborne, 2017). The second heuristic model highlights components of a smart publicservice system. The third heuristic model highlights the drivers and barriers of institutional and structural transformation
Banga, Josué. "Essays on climate finance." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALE001.
Full textThis dissertation is a collection of five supportive essays on the topic of climate finance. By combining qualitative and quantitative methods, it provides policymakers and investors with new insights for rethinking their decision making in a time of a changing climate. While climate finance remains critical to addressing climate change, the results of these essays show that it can also be an effective driver of sustainable structural transformation in developing countries, provided it is allocated productively. Furthermore, climate risks would have significant yet differentiated impacts on financial stability. As guardians of this latter, central banks should play a proactive role in addressing climate change. The development of innovative financial instruments, such as green bonds, can help mitigate climate risks while unlocking investment for the low-carbon transition
Harry, Frédérique. "Les mutations du protestantisme militant en Scandinavie. Du mouvement populaire au renforcement convictionnel : transformation structurelle et idéologique des organisations missionnaires et des antennes de jeunesse en Norvège et en Suède de 2000 à 2010." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040184.
Full textThe contemporary mutation of Norwegian and Swedish Protestant circles, a sector largely unknown to French research, may be analyzed through the recent structural and ideological adaptation of the following missionary organizations Normisjon, Norsk Luthersk Misjonssamband, Norsk Misjonsselskap, Indremisjonsforbundet and Norme, as well as of two youth antennae equmenia and Acta. They are led to espouse behavioral patterns bearing resemblance with the ones of a religious community: they restructure, highlight trans-confessional networks and reframe and recast their objectives in the light of their militancy and militant objectives. Retracing the trajectory of popular movements through the “awakenings” and present-day metamorphoses, the aim is here to analyze the underlying re-actualizations at stake in this contemporary transformation. Be it in the form of modern ecumenism, the globalization of missionary issues, the challenge of trans-generational transmission or the imperative of economic and material rationalization, these reasons often have in common to highlight the phenomenon from the point of view of its internal factors and impetuses. However, the socio-historical conditions and the transformations (status, structure, objectives) that we highlight have simultaneously to be understood in the context of broader transversal dynamics, thus highlighting the limits of a “targeted” approach and calling for an analysis of the aforementioned sector as a distinct field of research within the sociology of religions in Scandinavia
Nessel, Karolina. "Choix d'un régime de change dans un pays en transition intégrant une union économique et monétaire - le cas de Pologne." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00226374.
Full textLa modélisation de l'économie polonaise fait le sujet du chapitre cinq. Nous laissons l'économie subir deux chocs caractéristiques pour le procès de la transition et de l'intégration économiques : une baisse de l'emploi dans le secteur post-socialiste et une hausse du progrès dans le secteur traditionnel. Nous trouvons qu'aucun des chocs n'avantage le secteur avancé par rapport au secteur traditionnel. Ensuite, nous cherchons si le change peut changer la donne. Dans ce but, nous analysons une dépréciation du change et une baisse de la prime de risque symbolisant l'approfondissement du marché financier suite à l'adhésion à la zone euro. Puisque le secteur moderne est le plus intensif en capital c'est lui qui profite le plus de la baisse de la prime du risque. Nous concluons alors qu'afin de développer le secteur moderne, d'absorber la main-d'oeuvre libérée du secteur postsocialiste et d'augmenter le bien-être du pays, la Pologne devrait viser l'approfondissement du marché financier et profiter de la suppression de la prime de risque. Le pays devrait donc adopter l'euro.
Akarçay, Gürbüz Ayça. "Transformations et résistances structurelles de l'économie turque." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0124.
Full textThis thesis aims at analyzing sectoral (industrialization, tertiarization) and macroeconomic aspects (trade, investment) of structural transformation in Turkey using different approaches. The first chapter empirically identifies different trajectories of structural transformation in a comparative perspective. The results indicate that the Turkish economy is characterized by a relatively weak industrialization and a premature tertiarization accompanied by a low investment rate. The second chapter shows the weakness of the manufacturing sector's contribution to growth and productivity over the long run, in the framework of Kaldor's laws. The third chapter estimates the characteristics of the productivity regime over the recent period using a cumulative causation mode! The estimation results indicate that the investment rate does not have an influence in the long run, imports affect negatively productivity, and have an important role in the adjustment process. The last chapter studies relations in terms of price, production, employment and productivity between the manufacturing sector and the rest of the economy. The results indicate a lack of integration between the manufacturing and the services sectors in terms of production and employment, which confirms the pathological aspect of the tertiarization process. Ultimately, this thesis allows identifying structural fragilities of the Turkish economy: weak investment rate and: technological upgrading exacerbating a limited industrialization process that has difficulties in articulating with an increased tertiarization
Tardieu, Olivier. "De la sémantique opérationnelle à la spécification formelle de compilateurs : l'exemple des boucles en Esterel." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001336.
Full textBalma, Lacina. "Essais sur les Investissements Publiques, Mécanismes de Financement et Croissance dans les Pays en Développement : Interactions et Rôle des Facteurs Structurels." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0113/document.
Full textThis dissertation seeks to study the public investment-financing-growth linkages whileeliciting the role of structural economic conditions. First, through an alternative scenario ofimproved structural economic conditions (efficiency and absorptive capacity) and comparing witha baseline scenario, we find that the growth potential is higher than the baseline. Consequently,stabilizing debt does not require painful fiscal consolidation. Second, through an aggressiveinvestment scaling-up scenario that builds on commercial borrowing in anticipation of future oilrevenue, we find that the economy is subject to absorptive capacity constraints and ultimately toDutch disease effects that affect negatively the non-oil GDP growth in the short run. Moreover,we find that structural reforms that address absorptive capacity constraints and inefficienciestranslate into sizable and sustainable increase in public capital. This in turn has a positive spillovereffect in terms of additional growth in the non-resource GDP. Third, we find that implementationdelays can offset the standard negative wealth effect from an increase in government investmentspending in the long run. Also, high-yielding public investment can substantially create positivewealth effect in the long run, raise output and enable private consumption and investment to fallless. Finally, we simulate a 40-percent across-the-board increase in public spending for primaryeducation, financed by an increase in taxes on household income and indirect taxes. We find thatthe two financing mechanisms, not only leads to an increase in the welfare but also to a decline inthe incidence of poverty for all household types. However, the indirect tax-based financing leadsto smaller outcomes compared to the income tax-based financing
Conus, Marie-France. "Cycles longs et transformations structurelles : application à l'industrie houillère des Cévennes : 1810-1967." Montpellier 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON10017.
Full textMohung, Mohammad Illam. "Transformations structurelles et emploi : une étude comparative entre la Tunisie et l'Île Maurice." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010007.
Full textTunisia and Mauritius adopted in the 1980s a labour intensive export-oriented strategy based on the development of export processing zone. Through this strategy, government played the enabling role of a central facilitator in providing the necessary back-up and institutional support to encourage foreign investment for the industrial development process and for a high rate employment creation to absorb existing unemployed labour. In view of preparing local private enterprise to take over from foreign investors, government is committed to further liberalise the economic system and reduce the role of the state. Like other industrial process, this developement strategy has brought about important change in the economic structure. Chenery's criteria help in apprehending it. The main objective of this comparative study is to show how the industrial development process leads to important structural change producing different effects on employment in the two countries
Fontanel, Gautier. "Les transformations structurelles des clubs sportifs : recherche d'un cadre d'analyse approprié à leur gestion." Lyon 3, 2007. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2007_out_fontanel_g.pdf.
Full textThe thesis first raises the following question: is a sporting club a company ? Given the heterogeneitv of the federate competitive sporting clubs, there is no single answer. In the absence of an own framework of analysis and given the "Tradization" of the sport, we analyse the contrasted evolutions of the sporting clubs during the XXe century. The history is often revealing of the future. The search for an improvment of the management methods of the sporting clubs, whic represents the main objective of the thesis, ran up against the lack of conceptualization and the insufficient precision of the existing recommendations. From this report, a conceptual system founded on the Models of metamorphosis has been set up, in order to classify the various types of existing clubs and to put forward in a context of markets' enlarging, tlie close connections between the growth of the organizations and the resort to the values and the methods of business management. It is a question of drawing a picture of the profiles of sporting clubs so as to offer for each one of them some recommendations in keeping with their level of development. This field study related to sporting clubs within five popular sporting disciplines in France, namely Football, Rugby, Basketball, Handball and Hockey. On the whole, 28 sporting clubs have been questioned, on the basis of 20 significant characteristics of the level of a club development. After having highlighted five stages of development. The use of the characteristics makes it possible to show an unquestionable simultaneity of characteristics' qualities and to define, for each club its level of development. On the basis of this new conceptualization of the sporting clubs in their diversity and with the determination of catalysts that are useful and effective at each level of development, the research proposes to highlight the progressive changes of dimension of the clubs in order to develop an effective strategy taking into account thc possible crisis that a change of dimension can cause in the club's life. In short, the thesis proposes a new framework of analysis of the sporting clubs and an original topology based on their level of development. It shows a tendency of evolution of the clubs, from which business strategies can be suggested
Schers, Jules. "Economic growth, unemployment and skills in South Africa : An Analysis of different recycling schemes of carbon tax revenue." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA039/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis gives a numerical illustration of how a carbon tax affects South African GDP, employment, CO2 emissions and socio-economic inequality. It uses a “hybrid” computable general equilibrium model of an open economy in a one-step projection from 2005 to 2035. It models second-best economies, notably skill-related rigidities in the labour market and in production of electricity. Seven scenarios for recycling of carbon tax revenue are analysed, plus an option to invest a part of tax revenue in improvement of skills of labour.The analysis shows that under conventional assumptions about technological change, a carbon tax of around 100 ZAR2005 (18 USD2013) per tonne of CO2 will have little negative consequences for GDP and employment, when combined with the right type of tax revenue recycling: Labour subsidies and company profit tax reduction likely lead to the best macro-economic outcomes, though do not reduce inequality. Additional measures are needed to reduce “energy poverty”. To achieve South Africa’s NDC of the Paris Agreement, a carbon tax rate of around 300 ZAR2005 or 55 USD2013 per tonne of CO2 is necessary. However, this could have serious impacts on GDP growth. Also, without a change in the trend of increasing labour productivity, such lower GDP will lead to higher unemployment than in the reference case. An investment in skills of 7.5 billion ZAR2005 of annual Ctax revenue, with the objective of increasing access to high quality education and reducing the high skill labour shortage, if fond to have a very positive impact on GDP growth. However better calibration data is required.The findings of this PhD thesis furthermore call for thorough examination of what type of technological change could be expected for South Africa. Technological progress, consumer preferences and international circumstances limit the economy’s capacity to restructure and decarbonise and therefore to reduce negative consequences of carbon taxation for GDP growth. Proper assessment of future technological change is relevant for all sectors and inputs. Examples are given which show that energy and materials efficiency have an important role for future GDP growth under carbon constraints, because they determine the economy’s flexibility to reduce energy consumption and to substitute it, e.g. by labour. This finding normally holds not only for South Africa, but also for the rest of the world. These results also imply that international climate policy has to address technology transfer and the different potentials of national economies to decarbonise seriously
Abdallah, Bassam. "Analyse morphologique et modélisation pour l'optimisation structurelle d'électrodes." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0031/document.
Full textThis work, which combines image analysis, Fourier methods and morphological models, focuses on the prediction and optimization of the transport properties of fuel cell materials in the classical framework of the homogenization of random media. The materials under study are critical layers found in fuel cells.These devices produce clean electrical energy (and water) from chemical fuel oxidation.The materials studied here are novel types of fuel cells that combine several preexisting architectures. Their performance is determined by the ionic and electronic conductivity, on the one hand, and by permeability and specific surfaces exchange between the solid and porous phases. For materials with highly-contrasted properties (pores and solid, isolating and conducting media), the effective properties strongly depend on the spatial arrangement (morphology) of the various phases.Fuel cell layers are first described and modeled using 2D scanning electron microscopy images and image analysis.Microstructures are characterized by morphological descriptors and realistic random 3D media, based on Boolean and Gaussian fields, are developed to represent the materials. The latter are parametrized by simple geometrical characteristics including volume fractions and covariances.They are visually and quantitatively validated using morphological data.Second, the transport properties are predicted numerically using Fourier methods. In conductivity, a modified algorithm is proposed to suppress the Gibbs artifacts. For permeability, the scheme of Wiegman (2007) is used.The permeability of ideal Boolean models is computed and compared with various analytical estimates.The Berryman-Milton bound, previously known for the Boolean model of spheres, is computed for a Boolean model of flat cylinders, using an analytical expression for cylinder covariogramm. The ionic and electronic conductivity of anode layers, and their permeability are predicted using previously developed models. The permeability, which strongly depends on the morphology, is computed for various values of the models' parameters, including the specific surface area between solid and phases.Several virtual materials with improved properties are proposed
Kaci, Naouel. "Analyse structurelle et diagnostic robuste des actionneurs électromécaniques : approche Bond Graph." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I067.
Full textThe orientation of the aviation industry towards cleaner technologies has led to the gradual replacement of conventional hydraulic actuator networks by Electromechanical actuators (EMA). The operating safety required in the aeronautical domain requires earlier fault detection and isolation to ensure the reliability and availability of the actuator. One of the critical identified failure is a jamming which must then be monitored based on the existing instrumentation architecture. The resolution of this problem which is the main objective of the PhD. thesis, was carried out in three stages using a Bond Graph theory (BG) as an integrated and unified approach. The first step concerns the structural monitorability (ability to detect and isolate faults) analysis based on deterministic Bond Graph (BG) models obtained from the EMA. Based on the structural monitorability conditions results, a sensor placement was proposed by the synthesis of an observer to improve the monitoring performances of the subsystems (mainly to monitor the fault required by the manufacturer: jamming). The scientific interest of such approach lies in the fact that it is independent of the numerical values of the parameters at this level by exploiting the structural and causal properties of the BG. A second step consists in the analytical validation of the obtained structural properties. For this task, the implementation of analytical redundancy relations, robust to parametric uncertainties, deduced from the extended BG model (called BG-LFT), have been proposed. And finally, an industrial validation by cosimulation with the Amesim© software was carried out in the third part
Seror, Marlon. "Trois essais sur l'économie de la migration." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE089/document.
Full textA key characteristic of the process of economic development is the shrinking spatial mismatch between economic activity and population. This thesis analyzes what happens when this spatial mismatch is reduced, as people’s places of residence and work or the geographical distribution of economic activity is altered. Chapter I deals with the relationship between international migrants and their households of origin. It sheds light on the importance for remittances and investments of migrants' beliefs and the information asymmetry between remittance senders and recipients that distance aggravates. Chapter II explores the transformation of the receiving economy due to an influx of rural-to-urban migrants in China. It first quantifies the effect of immigrants on the labor market at destination, and then investigates their impact on the reallocation of production factors and factor-market constraints faced by urban firms. Chapter III focuses on the long-term impact of a large industrialization plan in China. It reveals a reversal pattern due to the distortions in local labor markets induced by the presence of big plants. It highlights the role of migration in overcoming such imperfections and in bringing about the later stage of structural transformation—from heavy industry to consumption goods and services
Azihary, Mahamoud. "Ajustement structurel, transformation socio-economique et pauvrete : un modele micro-macro applique a l'ile maurice." Paris, EHESS, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995EHES0072.
Full textA micro-macro model combining a macroeconomic sub-model with a computable general equilibrium microeconomic sub-model has been used to assess the effects of some counterfactual economic policies during the stabilization and structural adjustment period in mauritius (1981-1987). It is shown that on the one hand, selectivity in the implementation of the orthodox programmes enables one to adapt to the socio-economic structures in order to control the level of poverty while seeking to achieve financial balances, and on the other hand, human capital accumulation might be the key element that permitted to raise in mauritius the dichotomy observed in most of the subsaharan african countries between orthodox programmes and the long run objectives of a development based on socio-economic transformation
Bruno, Miguel Antonio Pinho. "Croissance économique, changements structurels et distribution : les transformations du régime d'accumulation au Brésil : une analyse régulationniste." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0130.
Full textThe Brazilian macroeconomic performance in the decades of 80 and 90 remained much below the historical average. Several explanations were proposed, most important being environment of high inflation, present until 1994, high external liability and the insufficiency of saving. They did not miss criticisms with the inefficiencies produced by the proper logic of the mode of development by substitution of imports. The principal objective of this analysis is to provide an alternative approach, by mobilizing the theoretical and methodological contributions of the French regulation theory, as a historical and institutional mocroeconomics. The thesis tries to show the characteristics of the modes of regulation and the regimes of accumulation which answer by the principal macroeconomic tendencies observed in the brazilian economy
Yasenzia, Yangunyo Chantal Princesse. "Structural transformation out of manufacturing : evidence of push and pull effects." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26344.
Full textThis paper examines the factors driving structural transformation, or worker reallocation, from manufacturing to services using a sample of 45 countries. As suggested by the general equilibrium model developed in this work, examining the trends in the relative price of services to manufacturing goods allows us to identify two main engines of structural transformation: a labor pull and a labor push effect. In the case of the United States, for example, the “pull” channel dominates before 1953, meaning that it is higher technological growth in services which is “pulling” workers to move out of manufacturing and into services. The “push” channel is the main engine at work since 1953, suggesting that it is instead higher technological growth in manufacturing which is “pushing” workers towards the services sector. A cross-country analysis over the 1970-2011 period also suggests periods of dominance of both channels for a handful of other countries analyzed.
Rouyer, Régis. "Licenciements économiques et transformations structurelles de l'emploi et du rapport salarial : une analyse à partir des licenciements collectifs et des plans sociaux." Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN20015.
Full textBuchez, Nathalie. "Chronologie et transformations structurelles de l'habitat au cours du prédynastique : apports des mobiliers céramiques funéraires et domestiques du site d'Adaïma (Haute-Egypte)." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0172.
Full textDuring the Fourth Millenium BC, or Predynastic period, society in Egypt evolved swiftly, yet gradually, from the neolithic type to a hierarchical, state orientated one, the process having sped up by the end of the Millenium. At the background of thèse changes, climate is evolving, towards hyperaridity. The Adaïma site (Upper Egypt), which was occupied for the larger part of the Millenium, as well as during the first dynasties, gives us the opportunity to study the socio-economic and cultural évolutions characteristic of this period. First, the chronological setting must be defined thanks to the study of the large amounts of ceramic fiirniture available from domestic as well as funerary sources, and the features represented must be specified, as well as the guidelines of the morpho-stylistic évolution. Secondly, a topochronological analysis, which will take into account the différent means, among which « biais taphonomiques », will allow the understanding of the structural évolution of the seulement and its necropolis. The main facts of the local évolution will, finally, be put into perspective with the climatic and historical processes of the Fourth Millenium, leading to a reintepretation of certain sites
Eom, Hanjin. "L'islam dans la transformation néo-libérale du rapport entre l'Etat et la société au Maghreb : l'Etat-nation, l'impérialisme et l'islam." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081934.
Full textGhib, Marie-Luce. "Transformations des structures agricoles de production en Roumanie : quelles politiques publiques d'accompagnement ?" Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00799215.
Full textBiotteau-Gate, Juliette. "Transformations structurelles du secteur public et statut des agents publics : contribution à l'étude du lien existant entre la nature des structures et le statut de leurs agents." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010318.
Full textAndrianampiarivo, Tsiry. "Les petites prospérités rurales en Itasy, Madagascar : apport d’une analyse microéconomique des classes sociales intermédiaires dans l’étude des dynamiques du changement structurel." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0292/document.
Full textAgriculture and rural sector play a key role in the development process of agriculture-based countries. This function can beensured only by public policy that takes into account the diversity and complexity of rural areas. It is therefore essential todeepen the knowledge of each context and the ongoing dynamics. This study introduces an analysis of the relationshipsbetween rural social structure and structural transformation through a microeconomic perspective, with an application inMadagascar, in the Itasy region. Specifically, the Moderate Prosperty class, which is an adaptation of the middle class notionto poor rural areas, is used as an analytical framework. To this end, the first step aims to conduct a conceptual, theoretical andmethodological construction of the Moderate Prosperity notion by using the rural livelihoods framework and provides anoperational conceptual framework. Second, the conceptual framework, thus defined, is used to implement a multidimensionalstratification of the social space in Itasy by conducting a classification method on quantitative data dating from 2008. Thisstep aims to define the various Moderate Prosperity and social classes that reflect the heterogeneity of the nature andprofitability of the rural households’ livelihoods. Third, a dynamic analysis of the Moderate Prosperity groups is conductedby combining quantitative with qualitative methods based on a longer observation period. Several trajectories linked to thevarious classes can be observed. They allow us to understand the construction and transformation process of the familyproductive organizations in Itasy. The last step uses the Moderate Prosperity framework to study the specific issue of thecredit demand and the supply adequacy on the financial market in Itasy. It appears that the financing demand is highlysegmented according to the social groups and the available supply cannot meet their financing needs, despite the existence ofinnovative products. Inclusive policies that are adapted to each household profile are therefore necessary to ensure a rapidand harmonious structural transformation in Itasy
Hamou, Ahmed. "Relaxation et cristallisation d'alliages chalcogènes vitreux riches en sélenium : influence de la coordination de l'élément d'addition." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUES001.
Full textGhib, Marie Luce. "Transformations des structures agricoles de production en Roumanie : quelles politiques publiques d'accompagnement ?" Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOE017/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the context of the accession of Romania to the EU and more widely with thesecond post-communist decade (2000-2010) in which we analyse the evolution of Romanian agricultural structures. In this context, the question of the main factors of structural changes arised as well as the role of supportive public policies. Firstly, the theoretical framework based on development economics and historical institutional economics is built. It then enables in a first partthe analysis of the embeddedness of Romanian agricultural sector within its social context. In thispart, we are also define and characterize so called “agricultural production structures”. The role of agriculture as a social buffer is also observed over the period studied, in addition to other forms of regulation which have emerged (national and international migrations). Structural evolutions arethen analysed using different databases. We observed a decrease in smaller units for the benefit of the average farms. Larger farms have also known a decrease in number and in size, which we attribute to restitution and to the end of privatization. The thesis attempts to identify the factors of these evolutions (survival and growth) using an econometric model in two stages. For that purposewe are also compare the evolution of Romanian structures to those of other European countries including Hungary and Slovenia. Finally, a policy evaluation is conducted on a series of measures identified to have restructuring goal. It appears that in general the absorption of funds, the intermediate target, is prefered to rural penetration of these levers, which is the final objective of thepolicy. Thus, while support for average farms seems relevant somes limitations appear in the implementation. Finally, the reorientation of the agricultural population will not be achieved onlyby the measures studied, for they are under-budgeted or because their effects are over-estimated
Teza susţinută se deruleaza în contextul aderării României la UE, şi pe scară mai largă teza analizeaza evoluţia structurilor de producţie agricola românesti pe al doilea deceniu post-comunist(2000-2010). În acest context, se pune problema pe principalii factori de schimbare structurală şirolul politicilor publice de susţinere. In primul rând, un cadru teoretic bazat pe economie dedezvoltare şi economie istorica instituţională este construit. Multumita acestui cadru se poateanaliza într-o primă parte, sectorul agricol românesc cuprins in sfera sociala, după definirea şi caracterizarea a ceea ce sa numit "structurile agricole de producţie”. Rolul de amortizor social aagriculturii se mai observa în perioada studiată, cu toate că alte forme de regulare au apărut(emigraţia naţionala şi internaţionala). Se face apoi observarea evoluţiilor folosind diferite baze dedate. Şi se observă o reducere în unităţi mai mici în beneficiul fermelor medii. Entităţile mai mari,de asemenea, cunosc o micşorare negativa în număr şi mărime, pe care le atribuim la sfârşitul procesului de privatizare şi de restituire. Teza încearcă să identifice apoi aceşti factori (de supravieţuire şi de creştere), utilizând un model econometric în două etape. Comparam evoluţia structurilor româneşti, cu cele din alte ţări europene, inclusiv Ungaria şi Slovenia. În ultima parte, oevaluarea politică se desfăşoară pe o serie de măsuri identificate pentru a avea un obiectiv de restructurare. Se pare că, în general, absorbţia fondurilor, obiectivul intermediar, este privilegiata laprenetratie in mediu rural din aceste pârghii, obiectivul final al politicii. Astfel, în timp ce sprijinulpentru fermele medii pare relevant apar niste limitarii în punerea în aplicare. In sfirsit, reorientarea populaţiei agricole va avea loc nu numai prin măsurile studiate, care sunt sub-bugetate sau ale cărorefecte sunt supra-estimate
Goutsmedt, Aurélien. "Les macroéconomistes et la stagflation : essais sur les transformations de la macroéconomie dans les années 1970." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E031/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the transformations of macroeconomics in the United States during the 1970s, while questioning the way to study and to analyze these transformations. From the point of view of economic history, the period seems to mark a break with the relative stability post World War II years. This period of economic stability, that one calls “stagflation”, echoes the instability of U.S. macroeconomic theory. The consensus of the time, regarded as “Keynesian”, is attacked by economists labeled as “Monetarist” and “New Classical”. The last group is the one of “revolutionaries”, regarding as having radically transformed the discipline, as the Copernican revolution overthrown the geocentric representation of the universe. My goal in the thesis is to study the influence of New Classical economists on macroeconomics in the 1970s, by appealing to an historiographical framework which outs at the heart the role played by stagflation, and by confronting the results of this work to the standard narrative. This thesis is built around four articles, independent from one another. The first chapter proposes a comparison between the methodologies of Lucas and Sargent, and shows how the latter intend to give a more realistic character to the new classical economy models, by using rational expectations to describe different economic phenomena. The second chapter takes interest in the confrontation between Lucas and Sargent on one side, and the defenders of structural econometric models on the other. The third chapter studies the evolution in the works of Robert Gordon on inflation in the 1970s, and documents the way he gradually adopts the natural rate of unemployment hypothesis. Finally, the chapter four is interested in the empirical debates in the early 1980s, about the Lucas critique
Jenkinson, William. "Simulation de la mécanique mésoscopique des aliments par méthodes de particules lagrangiennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASB047.
Full textThe role of mesoscopic mechanics in food processing and design is not well understood, particularly for oral processing and texture perception. Despite the recognized importance of soft matter, the food science community has struggled to bridge the gap between micro-, meso-, and macro-scale behaviours using simulations. This thesis addresses this challenge by focusing on mechanical simulations, excluding thermal, chemical and physicochemical effects, to explore food behaviour at the mesoscopic scale. We have developed a simulation framework within the LAMMPS environment, combining smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) implementations for liquids and elastic solids. We validated the framework across scenarios such as Couette flow and deformation of granules in a flow. The results show the framework's effectiveness in capturing food structure dynamics and interactions with cilia and papillae and offer new insights into texture perception and hydrodynamics. The study also highlights how granule elasticity and volume fraction impact flow properties and their eventual role in texture perception. This work focuses on mechanics while deliberately remaining flexible enough to integrate mechanical, thermal, chemical, and biological processes in future food science models. Proposed future research includes strategies to integrate more physics and scales and efforts to improve the accessibility of simulation tools for engineers, advancing practical applications in food science
Lonkeng, Ngouana Constant Aimé. "Essays in theoretical and applied macroeconomics." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6065.
Full textThis thesis includes three independent essays in the fields of macroeconomics, monetary economics and international finance. In the first essay, I build a new Keynesian DSGE model to examine the implications for monetary policy of household production. The proposed theory helps reconcile the relatively strong response of output to monetary policy shocks as suggested by VAR-based evidence and the low degree of price rigidity found in micro data. The second essay analyzes the role of structural transformation (the reallocation of labor across sectors overtime) in shaping the volatility of aggregate output across countries. Finally, the third essay illustrates the importance of trade patterns in choosing between a single currency peg and a peg to a composite basket of currencies. “Household Production, Services and Monetary Policy” (Chapter 1) builds on the observation that consumer services (unlike consumer nondurable) have close substitutes at home. Households may therefore switch between consuming home and market service as the real wage (the opportunity cost of working at home) changes. To study the implications of this arbitrage for monetary policy, I embed a household sector into an otherwise standard two-sector (a nondurable good sector and a service sector) new Keynesian DSGE model. The fact that households are able to produce services at home makes service sector’s firms more reluctant to change their price. This translates into an extra endogenous shift term in the new Keynesian Phillips that is increasing with the extent of substitutability between home and market services. This increased nominal rigidity endogenously amplifies the output response to monetary policy shock, especially in the service sector, which is consistent with VAR-based evidence in the paper that consumer services are more interest-rate sensitive than consumer nondurables. “Structural Transformation and the Volatility of Aggregate Output: A Cross-country Analysis” (Chapter 2) is based on the evidence of a negative relationship between the employment share of the service sector and the volatility of aggregate output, which I obtain after controlling for several factors (including the level of financial development). This aggregate result is driven by sectoral labor productivity differentials: Labor productivity is substantially more volatile in agriculture and manufacturing than in services. Aggregate output would therefore become mechanically more stable as labor shifts away from agriculture and manufacturing, and toward the service sector. To quantify this conjecture, I first calibrate a model of structural transformation (secular reallocation of labor across sectors) to the U.S. economy, which I use to match the time path of labor shares in agriculture, manufacturing and services across OECD countries. The model is subsequently used to conduct a set of counterfactual experiments in which labor is endogenously constrained from moving across sectors. Computations suggest that the shift of labor toward the services sector is indeed volatility-reducing. “Exchange Rate Volatility under Alternative Peg: Do Trade Patterns Matter?” (Chapter 3) is a contribution to the literature on the choice of exchange rate regimes. I use monthly bilateral exchange rate and external trade data from 1980 to 2010 for the member countries of the Western African and Monetary Union (WAEMU). These countries have their common currency (the CFA franc) pegged to the French franc since the mid-40s and to the euro since its introduction in 1999. At the time of the initial peg arrangement, France accounted for most of the external trade of WAEMU countries. Since then, and more notably since the early 2000s, the trade patterns of these countries shifted briskly away from France and other Euro area countries and towards the BICs (China in particular). The chapter finds that a peg to a composite basket of currencies would have led to a less volatile effective exchange rate over the last decade compare to the current hard peg. This chapter, however, does not derive an optimal exchange rate for WAEMU countries, which is an important area for further research.
Perras, Chantal. "Innovations, transformations et adaptations structurelles dans la lutte au crime organisé au Québec : une analyse de l'Opération Printemps 2001." Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18160.
Full textBertrand, Sébastien. "Extensions supersymétriques des équations structurelles des supervariétés plongées dans des superespaces." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20582.
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