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Journal articles on the topic 'Transformational grammar'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Ingham, Richard, and Andrew Radford. "Transformational Grammar." Modern Language Review 86, no. 4 (1991): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3732549.

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Ney, James W. "What was transformational grammar?" Language Sciences 9, no. 2 (1987): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0388-0001(87)80022-0.

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Puspahaty, Novita. "GRUP NOMINA KOMPLEKS PADA NOVEL LORD OF THE RINGS KARYA J. R. R. TOLKIEN." Makna: Jurnal Kajian Komunikasi, Bahasa, dan Budaya 4, no. 1 (2013): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33558/makna.v4i1.1124.

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This research is entitled Nomina Group Complexes in English: A Func-tional and Transformational grammar approach. This research discusses: 1) what groups usually appear on nomina group complexes based on functional grammar approach and 2) what phrase usually appear on nomina group com-plexes based on transformational grammar approach. This research method used is descriptive method which employs classification of groups, and nomi-na group complexes. This research, employs theory of M.A.K Halliday for functional grammar approach and Chomsky‟s theory for transformational grammar approach. The re

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4

Baptista, Jorge. "Construções de verbos transitivos-predicativos em português: uma perspetiva transformacional." Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, no. 8 (October 16, 2021): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln8ano2021a2.

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This article presents a proposal for the analysis of transitive-predicative verbal constructions, not derivable transformationally from completive constructions. The theoretical framework of operator-transformational grammar and the methodological principles of the reference framework of the Lexicon-Grammar are adopted herein. The article identifies a set of constructions and distinguishes them from other structures, usually identified as transitive-predicative structures in the literature

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Jiang, Qianhong. "A Brief Analysis of Chomsky’s Transformational Generative Grammar." Journal of Education, Teaching and Social Studies 7, no. 2 (2025): p15. https://doi.org/10.22158/jetss.v7n2p15.

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Chomsky is a famous American philosopher and linguist. Chomsky combined language research with mathematical logic and put forward a new linguistic theory and idea, namely transformational generative grammar. Transformational generative grammar is one of the most influential linguistic theories in Western linguistics. Generative grammar is a set of explicit rules for how language is used and for the mind of the person who uses a particular language. It not only injected a fresh force into the field of linguistics, but also had a profound impact on a range of disciplines such as psychology and p

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Mahaputri, Ratna Andhika. "Understanding the Models of Grammar." Academic Journal Perspective : Education, Language, and Literature 1, no. 1 (2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/perspective.v1i1.1603.

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This article provides comprehensive explanation about several models of grammar. The first model of grammar which is explained is considered from the functional grammar and associated with the American linguist Noam Chomsky that is Transformational Grammar. This model of grammar is consisted of three components they are phrase structure rule, the lexicon, and transformation. The second model of grammar which is explained in this article is Minimalist Grammar. This article also compares her understanding in two models of grammar they are Transformational Grammar and Minimalist Grammar.

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Baltin, Mark, and Andrew Radford. "Transformational Grammar: A First Course." Language 66, no. 3 (1990): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414616.

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البار, ابتهال محمد. "تعليم النحو العربي لغير الناطقين بالعربية على ضوء نظرية تشومسكي". Al-Ma‘rifah 15, № 1 (2018): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/almakrifah.15.01.04.

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This research aims to study the concept of transformational-generative grammar by Noam Chomsky as well as the foundation of this theory and its actional principles in terms of language acquisition, and try to use the theoretical data in teaching Arabic grammar to non-native Arabic speakers. This can be done by using the analytical descriptive approach. This research is considered important because it deals with a modern linguistic theory which has a scientific value in the modern language lesson and employs it in the field of teaching Arabic grammar. The study has benefited from data of the tr

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Bagha, Karim Nazari. "Generative Grammar (GG)." Management and Labour Studies 34, no. 2 (2009): 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x0903400208.

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This article consists of eight parts: introduction, the organization of a Generative Grammar, operation of the system of base rules, deep structure, surface structure and transformational rules, standard theory, extended standard theory, revised extended standard theory, and minimalism. According to Chomsky, the grammar of a language establishes a relationship between sound and meaning, i.e., between phonetic representation and semantic representation. To discover this grammar is the primary goal of linguistics. One of Chomsky's attempts to accomplish this goal is the standard theory grammar,

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10

Abdul Jalil Jassim Hejal. "The Status of Semantics in Transformational Generative Grammar." Journal of the College of Basic Education, no. 50 (January 28, 2023): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35950/cbej.vi50.9824.

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Meaning is one of the problems which seems difficult to deal with to such extent that Leonard Bloomfield, who resisted the mentalist approach to language, considered it impossible to define meaning till we have a scientifically accurate knowledge of everything in the speaker’s world. Linguists consider meaning as one of the most complex subjects to deal with and some of them are in doubt whether meaning can be studied objectively and systematically as phonology and grammar or not. The complexity and vagueness of semantics are due to the fact that seman

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11

Haładewicz-Grzelak, Małgorzata. "An Epistemological Study of Chomsky's Transformational Grammar." Philosophy of the Social Sciences 38, no. 2 (2008): 211–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0048393108315616.

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12

Suleiman, Y. "A Transformational Grammar of Modern Literary Arabic." Journal of Semitic Studies 49, no. 1 (2004): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jss/49.1.197-a.

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13

Hill, Jane H. ": Transformational Grammar: A First Course . Andrew Radford." American Anthropologist 91, no. 2 (1989): 479–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1989.91.2.02a00400.

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SCHOLZ, BARBARA C., and GEOFFREY K. PULLUM. "Tracking the origins of transformational generative grammar." Journal of Linguistics 43, no. 3 (2007): 701–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226707004823.

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Seuren, Pieter. "Concerning the Roots of Transformational Generative Grammar." Historiographia Linguistica 36, no. 1 (2009): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.36.1.05seu.

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Veronez Júnior, Wilson Roberto. "Relações epistemológicas entre a gramática gerativa transformacional de Noam Chomsky e a organização do conhecimento." Páginas a&b Arquivos & Bibliotecas, no. 20 (2023): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21836671/pag20a3.

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Noam Chomsky is considered one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th century, and his contribution to Language is evident. The article analyses a possible dialogue between Transformational Generative Grammar, Chomsky's generativism and innatism, and the Knowledge Organization. By establishing epistemological and disciplinary relations with Knowledge Organization, Transformational Generative Grammar highlights the creative aspect of those who are building a given System, which in turn requires the incorporation of documentary languages, thesauriand ontologies, among other elements, for example.

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Tchudi, Stephen, and Lee Thomas. "Taking the G-r-r-r Out of Grammar." English Journal 85, no. 7 (1996): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ej19964839.

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Grammar is a grizzly topic for students and teachers alike. Stephen Tchudi’s and Lee Thomas’ article “Taking the G-r-r-r Out of Grammar” gives some pointers on helpful (and painless) ways of teaching grammar as descriptive rather than prescriptive. Traditional and transformational grammar are discussed along with how grammar might be applied to literature, dialects, second language learners.

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Adha, Ruly. "EMPTY CATEGORIES IN TRANSFORMATIONAL RULES." JL3T ( Journal of Linguistics Literature and Language Teaching) 5, no. 1 (2019): 66–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/jl3t.v5i1.887.

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There are three theories that are always developed in any study of language, namely theory of language structure, theory of language acquisition, and theory of language use. Among those three theories, theory of language structure is regarded as the most important one. It is assumed that if someone knows the structure of language, he/she can develop theories about how language is acquired and used. It makes Chomsky interested in developing the theory of language structure. Chomsky introduced a theory of grammar called Transformational Generative Grammar or Transformational Syntax. Transformati

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Abdurakhmanov, Fakhriddin Israilovich. "Syntactic and Semantic Features of Three-Act Verbs in Russian and Uzbek Languages." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 10 (2021): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i10.3129.

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Research of syntactic-semantic analysis of three-act verbs consists in theoretical comprehension of transformational grammar in its enormous explanatory power. The core of transformational grammar is the idea of the core of the language, consisting of the simplest linguistic structures, from which all other linguistic structures of greater or lesser complexity can be derived. The problem of invariance, which is the central problem of modern structural linguistics, finds its most profound solution precisely in transformational grammar. The core of the language includes simple, declarative, acti

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Newmeyer, Frederick J. "The Reception of Early Transformational Grammar in Europe." Cadernos de Linguística 2, no. 1 (2021): 01–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25189/2675-4916.2021.v2.n1.id285.

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The early success in the United States of Chomsky’s book Syntactic Structures and the theory of transformational-generative grammar that it introduced raises the question of the reception of the theory in other countries. Looking at Europe, there is no overarching generalisation. In some countries (the UK, the Netherlands) the theory enjoyed a great success, in others a moderate success, at least for a time (France, Germany), and in other countries very little success (Italy, Spain). Nevertheless, there is widespread agreement that European contributions to the theory have been among the most

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BENNETT, T. J. A. "SELF-ORGANIZING SYSTEMS AND TRANSFORMATIONAL-GENERATIVE (TG) GRAMMAR." Cybernetics and Systems 19, no. 1 (1988): 61–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01969728808902156.

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Graffi, Giorgio. "Harris, Chomsky and the origins of transformational grammar." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 39, no. 1 (2016): 48–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.39.1.03gra.

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According to Chomsky’s report of the mid 1970s, he and Harris developed their theories in an essentially independent way; whereas according to some statements by Harris, some contact actually took place between them. To shed light on this issue, it may be useful to systematically compare their respective views of the notion ‘transformation’ as well as their analyses of certain syntactic phenomena. Among the topics dealt with in the present article are: the system of syntactic categories and their symbols; the notion of ‘zero elements’; the phenomenon of discontinuous constituents; the English

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23

Nevin, Bruce E. "More Concerning the Roots of Transformational Generative Grammar." Historiographia Linguistica International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences 36, no. 2-3 (2009): 459–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.36.2-3.21nev.

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Nevin, Bruce E. "More Concerning the Roots of Transformational Generative Grammar." Quot homines tot artes: New Studies in Missionary Linguistics 36, no. 2-3 (2009): 459–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.36.2.21nev.

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25

Hendrick, R. "Formal versus explanatory generalizations in generative transformational grammar." Lingua 69, no. 1-2 (1986): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(86)90082-3.

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Touqir, Sonia, Touqir Nasir, and Sajid Pervez. "Chomsky's Contribution to Linguistics A Review." International Journal of Linguistics and Culture 3, no. 1 (2022): 205–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/ijlc.v3i1.29.

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Cognition, language faculty, Universal Grammar, Principles and Parameters, Transformational Generative Grammar, Phrase Structure Rules, TransformationsThis review seeks to highlight Chomsky’s major contributions to the field of linguistics. He changed linguists’ conception about the nature of language, from an externalized to internalized approach. This shift also resulted in the language being thought of as a cognitive phenomenon rather than as a set of structures to be analyzed for their correctness or incorrectness. He argued that language is internalized, and not learned. His arguments to

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27

Bourouba, Karima. "Die Generative Grammatik." Traduction et Langues 15, no. 2 (2016): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/translang.v15i2.685.

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Generative Grammar In this paper, the current version of generative syntax is treated in its various branches. Thereby, we try to explain the most important concepts of Chomsky like defining "competence", "performance", "surface structure" and "deep structure", then theories like "the standard theory" which introduces the syntax and "the X -Bar-Theory" will be discussed. All syntactic structures of all natural languages may be subject to common construction principles, can be set up parallel to previous generalizations of several rules. Furthermore, we will present the elucidation of gen

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TZVETOMIRA, TZVETOMIRA. "WHEN AND HOW YORDAN PENCHEV EMBARKED ON THE PATH OF TRANSFORMATIONAL-GENERATIVE GRAMMAR." Journal of Bulgarian Language 69, PR (2022): 313–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.69.22.pr.21.

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The text argues that the first research work by a Bulgarian linguist in the framework of Chomsky’s Transformational-Generative Grammar (Chomsky 1957) is Yordan Penchev’s 1964 paper “Constructions with the Preposition Освен”. With Chomsky being American, his framework could not be acknowledged openly as a theoretical model in Bulgaria for ideological reasons. Its application in Penchev’s paper is proven indirect-ly, using seven criteria. Two of them, fulfilled in (Penchev 1964), are discussed extensively in the paper in view of their specific features. The first of these criteria – the use of k

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Khoirul Mubin, Nasiruddin, Boby Bagas Purnama, and Dionisia Folliero. "Linguistic Harmonization: Dissecting Alfiyah Ibn Malik with Chomsky's Transformational Generative Theory." Alibbaa': Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 5, no. 2 (2024): 215–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.19105/ajpba.v5i2.14610.

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This study is motivated by the need to update and deepen the understanding of Alfiyah Ibnu Malik through a modern linguistic perspective, given the complexity of the 1,002 stanzas that are difficult for students with a weak language foundation to comprehend, and the existing gap in the literature regarding the application of Transformational Generative Theory (TGT) in Arabic grammar, which can help elucidate language structure and enhance understanding and interest in learning. This research aims to examine Alfiyah Ibnu Malik using the modern linguistic approach of Transformational Generative

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Harris, R. Allen. "Linguistics, Technical Writing, and Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 18, no. 3 (1988): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wtlt-qky6-lw4v-w2bd.

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Linguistics has been largely misunderstood in writing pedagogy. After Chomsky's revolution, it was widely touted as a panacea; now it is widely flogged as a pariah. Both attitudes are extreme. It has a number of applications in the writing classroom, and it is particularly ripe for technical writing students, who have more sophistication with formalism than their humanities counterparts. Moreover, although few scholars outside of linguistics are aware of it, Transformational Grammar is virtually obsolete; most grammatical models are organized around principled aversions to the transformation,

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Ayodele, Taiwo Adesoji. "Linguistic Stylistic Analysis of Raji-Oyelade’s “Black Laughter”: A Generative Grammar Approach." CLAREP Journal of English and Linguistics 3 (October 10, 2021): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.56907/gmd1eqm1.

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Ohmann’s (1964) transformational manipulations support the School of Linguistic Stylistics that sees style as choice and asserts that choice, a tool in Linguistic Stylistics, is related to performance rather than competence. Consequently, this study explores Transformational Generative Grammar (TGG) Approach to Linguistic Stylistic Analysis of texts as it focuses on Ohmann’s identified transformational manipulations; reordering, combination, addition and deletion in “Black laughter”, culled from Raji-Oyelade’s (1997) collection of poems, a Harvest of Laughters, purposively selected as the text

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Jacobsen, Bent. "The Origin and Rationale of X-bar Syntax." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 6, no. 10 (2015): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v6i10.21517.

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The present paper is intended as a reasonably elementary introduction to the nature of X-bar syntax, an important module in the structure of a modern transformational-generative grammar. The examples have been taken from English; however, since X-bar syntax is an integral part of the overall structure of Universal Grammar, the analyses presented here extend to any language.

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Aizawa, Kenneth. "Some theoretical and empirical background to Fodor’s systematicity arguments." THEORIA. An International Journal for Theory, History and Foundations of Science 35, no. 1 (2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/theoria.20464.

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Seuren, Pieter. "Essentials of Semantic Syntax." Cadernos de Linguística 2, no. 1 (2021): 01–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25189/2675-4916.2021.v2.n1.id290.

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Semantic Syntax (SeSyn), originally called Generative Semantics, is an offshoot of Chomskyan generative grammar (ChoGG), rejected by Chomsky and his school in the late 1960s. SeSyn is the theory of algorithmical grammars producing the well-formed sentences of a language L from the corresponding semantic input, the Semantic Analysis (SA), represented as a traditional tree structure diagram in a specific formal language of incremental predicate logic with quantifying and qualifying operators (including the truth functions), and with all lexical items filled in. A SeSyn-type grammar is thus by de

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Khasanah, Noor. "Transformational Linguistics and the Implication Towards Second Language Learning." Register Journal 3, no. 1 (2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v3i1.23-36.

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The essence of Chomsky’s approach to language is the claim that there are linguistic universals in domain of syntax. He felt confident to show that syntax can be defined for any given language. For Chomsky, the nature of such mental representations is largely innate, so if a grammatical theory has explanatory adequacy it must be able to explain the various grammatical nuances of the languages of the world as relatively minor variations in the universal pattern of human language. In teaching English as L2, therefore knowing syntax and grammar of the language is important. Transformational Gener

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Chernovaty, L. "Pedagogical grammar as a frame concept for research in the field of foreign language teaching methods. Part 17. Linguistic and pedagogical grammar." Teaching languages at higher institutions, no. 45 (December 30, 2024): 105–16. https://doi.org/10.26565/2073-4379-2024-45-07.

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The article deals with the correlation between linguistic (LG) and pedagogical (PG) grammars. The author considers LG as a set of data from all existing linguistic theories, and PG as information about the conditions and ways of performing grammatical actions in the process of their acquisition in the classroom. Analysing this general problem, the author outlines the range of questions that need to be answered in the course of his study. Is there a single theory of LG that can independently provide a basis for designing an adequate PG? What is the relationship between the amount and content of

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37

Hildebrand, Joyce. "The Acquisition of Preposition Stranding." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 32, no. 1 (1987): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100012020.

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This study examines the acquisition of a familiar and widely studied syntactic phenomenon, preposition stranding, within the framework of transformational generative grammar. According to Chomsky’s theory of Universal Grammar (UG), children begin the acquisition task with an innate knowledge of universal principles of grammar. Many of these principles have open parameters with marked and unmarked options which must be set by children on the basis of their linguistic input. The marked setting entails the unmarked setting in that if a language allows the marked structures it will also allow the

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Christidis, A. Ph. "On generativity: Theory and pre-theory in transformational generative grammar." Lingua 66, no. 2-3 (1985): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3841(85)90325-0.

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Berwick, R. "The psychological relevance of transformational grammar: A reply to Stabler." Cognition 19, no. 2 (1985): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(85)90018-6.

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Edelman, Shimon. "Generative grammar with a human face?" Behavioral and Brain Sciences 26, no. 6 (2003): 675–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x03300159.

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The theoretical debate in linguistics during the past half-century bears an uncanny parallel to the politics of the (now defunct) Communist Bloc. The parallels are not so much in the revolutionary nature of Chomsky's ideas as in the Bolshevik manner of his takeover of linguistics (Koerner 1994) and in the Trotskyist (“permanent revolution”) flavor of the subsequent development of the doctrine of Transformational Generative Grammar (TGG) (Townsend & Bever 2001, pp. 37–40). By those standards, Jackendoff is quite a party faithful (a Khrushchev or a Dubcek, rather than a Solzhenitsyn or a Sak

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SAG, IVAN A. "English relative clause constructions." Journal of Linguistics 33, no. 2 (1997): 431–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222679700652x.

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This paper sketches a grammar of English relative clause constructions (including infinitival and reduced relatives) based on the notions of construction type and type constraints. Generalizations about dependency relations and clausal functions are factored into distinct dimensions contributing constraints to specific construction types in a multiple inheritance type hierarchy. The grammar presented here provides an account of extraction, pied piping and relative clause ‘stacking’ without appeal to transformational operations, transderivational competition, or invisible (‘empty’) categories o

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Kubota, Yusuke, and Robert Levine. "Pseudogapping as Pseudo-VP-Ellipsis." Linguistic Inquiry 48, no. 2 (2017): 213–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00242.

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In this article, we propose an analysis of pseudogapping in Hybrid Type-Logical Categorial Grammar (Hybrid TLCG; Kubota 2010 ; Kubota and Levine 2012 ). Pseudogapping poses a particularly challenging problem for previous analyses in both the transformational and the nontransformational literature. We argue that the flexible syntax-semantics interface of Hybrid TLCG enables an analysis of pseudogapping that synthesizes the key insights of both transformational and nontransformational approaches, at the same time overcoming the major difficulties of each type of approach.

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Zhang, Yibing. "Revelations on Grammar Teaching Based on an Analysis on Syntactic Structure of Transformational Generative Grammar and Metafunctions of Systemic Functional Grammar." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 5, no. 10 (2022): 72–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2022.5.10.9.

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English has become one of the compulsory subjects for students in China. As a foreign language, especially one whose grammatical structure is, in some sense, diverse from learners’ mother tongue, it requires teachers to research proper methods to present syntactic patterns for students’ sake. When teachers turn to linguistics, there are two well-known theories about syntax from different points of perspective. They are transformational-generative grammar, proposed by Chomsky, and systemic functional grammar by Halliday. Concerned that most beginners may be challenged to be exposed to a totally

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Silberztein, Max. "Les Groupes Nominaux Productifs et les Noms Composés Lexicalisés." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 17, no. 2 (1993): 405–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.17.2.06sil.

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Our project is to describe French, using a finite vocabulary and a finite set of grammar rules. As far as noun phrases are concerned, we have to decide which noun phrases are to be treated by grammar rules, and which ones should be put in a lexicon. We present four criteria that have been used to build the electronic dictionary for compound nouns, (DELAC), which contains over 100,000 entries. The first two criteria (not compositional meaning, and institutionalized terms) yield purely lexicalized entries; the last two criteria (distributional restrictions and exceptional transformational analys

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Henkel, Jacqueline. "Linguistic Models and Recent Criticism: Transformational-Generative Grammar as Literary Metaphor." PMLA 105, no. 3 (1990): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/462894.

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Bolta, Marija. "The subject to subject raising rule in Slovene." Linguistica 25, no. 2 (1985): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.25.2.95-110.

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The aim of the present article is to present evidence in support of the claim that the rule which promotes the subject NP of the embedded subject clause to the position of the ma trix subject (subject raising, SSR)is a viable rule in Slo vene transformational generative grammar.

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Adisa, Akinkorede Somana, Mariam Anana, and Gift Ngozi Okata. "Linguistic Turns in Syntax: Students' Attitude towards Chomskyian Approach." Gradival Journal 62, no. 08 (2023): 71–89. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8311041.

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<strong>Abstract</strong> Linguistic or discursive turns are the innovative changes in relation to language and philosophy; they focus mainly on the linguistic landmarks and remarkable changes that leave indelible marks in linguistic circle and other humanities in relation to language, its uses and the society at large. Flourished in the Western Philosophy of the 20th century, linguistic turns spun through all fields of human language, philosophy and politics. The dynamic turns at the syntactic, semantics, phonological, morphological and at all levels of human language, their uses and interact

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Alsubaiai, Hanan Sarhan. "The Correlation between Old and New Linguistic Paradigms: A Literature Review Based on Kuhn’s School of Thoughts." English Language Teaching 14, no. 10 (2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v14n10p84.

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This study aims to assess the evidence regarding the relationship between previous and new schools of linguistics. According to Kuhn (1970), old linguistic paradigms incorporate vocabulary and apparatus from previous or traditional paradigms. In particular, this review addresses the Question: Do new paradigms in linguistic arise from old or previous ones, as Kuhn suggested? The study is significant in understanding emerging schools of linguistics based on previous ones. A qualitative literature review was applied to compare new and old schools of linguistics. According to the findings, there i

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AlAfnan, Mohammad Awad, and Samira Dishari. "A Critical Discourse Analysis of Mandela’s ‘I am Prepared to Die’ Speech: Insights into Language of Transformational Leadership." World Journal of English Language 14, no. 1 (2023): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v14n1p233.

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Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is employed to analyze Mandela’s ‘I am Prepared to Die’ speech and identify the transformational leadership qualities demonstrated by Mandela. The analysis considers the speech's vocabulary, grammar, structure, and genre. The analysis reveals that Mandela exhibited the key characteristics of transformational leaders, including individualized consideration, inspirational motivation, idealized influence, and intellectual stimulation. Through his use of language and grammar, Mandela is portrayed as a strong, capable, devoted, fair, and responsible leader. The use

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KATHOL, ANDREAS. "Positional effects in a monostratal grammar of German." Journal of Linguistics 37, no. 1 (2001): 35–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226701008805.

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This study examines the notion of syntactic position as it is manifested in German. Transformational approaches standardly rely on configurational notions such as specifier or head for positional effects. A closer investigation of German subordinate structures finds the standard positional dichotomy between heads and specifiers wanting. At the same time, the distributional facts strongly argue for an explicit recognition of the notion of syntactic position, albeit one that is not based on tree-configurational notions, but instead in terms of linearly defined classes of distribution among const

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