Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transformer's protection

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Transformer's protection'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Transformer's protection"

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Litvinov, Ilya, Aleksandra Naumova, Vasiliy Titov, Andrey Trofimov, and Elena Gracheva. "The study of power transformer differential protection’s operation in the internal fault conditions." E3S Web of Conferences 288 (2021): 01096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128801096.

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Special attention is paid to high-speed relay protections’ operation in transient modes due to a number of major failure events that have occurred over the past 10 years in the power system of the Russian Federation. Operation of power transformer’s differential protection in case of internal short circuit is studied in this research. False blocking of protection is possible in such mode due to saturation of current transformers. A value of blocking time may exceed the maximum permissible short-circuit disconnection time under conditions of maintaining the dynamic stability of the power system. Primary and secondary currents in transient modes are obtained by simulation of short circuits. Windings of the modeled current transformers are connected in a star to a null wire. RMS values are calculated using a mathematical model of the Fourier filter. The current transformers were checked according to the methods declared in PNST 283-2018 and GOST R 58669-2019. The analysis carried out in this work allows to estimate possibility of long-term blocking of the differential protection of a power transformer in case of internal short circuit, especially in case of significant value of time constants.
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Kolesov, L. M., and V. V. Mozhzhukhina. "Distance backup protection using supply currents on a line with several branches." Vestnik IGEU, no. 6 (2019): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2019.6.049-059.

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The third step of distance protection is used as backup protection against phase-to-phase short circuits on 110–220 kV transmission lines. The main problem when using these protections on a line with several branches is to ensure the effectiveness of distant backup protection in case of phase-to-phase short circuits behind branch transformers of substations. The effective solution to distant backup protection is possible to provide by expanding the information base of protection. Currently, backup protection of lines with branches is being developed with control of currents and their components when using a communication channel, and based on algorithmic models of the facility. In this regard, the urgent task is to develop an algorithm for the distance protection ensuring the required sensibility during short circuits on the lower voltage side of the branch transformers. Analytical methods of determining the impedance measurement and simulation in Simulink and SimPowerSystems of the Matlab modeling system are used. The effectiveness of distant backup protection can be evaluated on the basis of recognition possibility of short circuit modes behind the branch transformers. Analytical expressions have been obtained to determine the impedance measurement during phase-to-phase short-circuits behind a branch transformer and under load conditions. Criteria have been developed to assess the proposed protection possibility to recognize the mode of phase-to-phase short circuits behind the branch transformer. Studies have shown that the main factor determining the possibility of mode recognition is the ratio between the protected transformer power and the total power of the branches loads. The use of several impedance measuring elements with their own response characteristics for branches with transformers of different capacities provides mode recognition for any possible correlation of power of branch substations. The use of the distance protection implementation option developed by the authors allows providing the required sensitivity for short circuits behind branch transformers and to solve the problem of distance backup line protection on a line with several branches. The reliability of the data obtained is confirmed by the correspondence of analytical research and simulation results.
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LARIN, Vasily S., and Daniil A. MATVEEV. "Approximation of Transient Resonance Voltages and Currents in Power Transformer Windings to Determine Their Natural Frequencies and Damping Factors." Elektrichestvo 12, no. 12 (2020): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2020-12-44-54.

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Transient interaction between power transformers and power cable lines may give rise to resonance overvoltages in the transformer primary windings. To develop protection measures against resonance overvoltages and to design transformers resistant to resonance overvoltages, it is necessary to know the natural frequencies of the transformer windings. Recent years have seen very rapid development of transformer windings high-frequency models. However, the mathematical models used in practice, which came from calculations of impulse overvoltages in transformer windings, reproduce the frequency dependences of losses and damping at natural frequencies with insufficient accuracy. To verify and improve the mathematical models used for analyzing high-frequency processes in transformer windings, it is necessary to have sufficient experimental data on the values of natural frequencies and damping factors. Methods for experimentally determining the natural frequencies and damping factors of power transformer windings are considered. Theoretical principles and analytical expressions for transient voltages and currents obtained for simplified equivalent circuits of windings with lumped parameters are given. An approach is proposed, according to which the transient voltages and currents in the winding are represented as the sum of steady-state and free components. The free component is then approximated using the theoretical expressions obtained for the equivalent circuits of the windings. The results of applying the approach to approximating the transient voltage at the midpoint and the current in the neutral of a dry-type transformer’s high-voltage winding are presented.
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Zhang, Yong. "Study on Relay Protection Technology in Power System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 521 (February 2014): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.521.414.

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Relay protection devices for safe and stable operation of the power system plays a vital role. In this thesis, the transformer protection principles, in-depth analysis of the various protection principles and constitutes a transformer, transformer protection built digital simulation model protection methods, and transformers of various simulation models for simulation analysis, the study showed that a new type of power system protection technology can effectively guarantee the safety performance of the power transmission system.
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Kirui, Kemei Peter, David K. Murage, and Peter K. Kihato. "Impacts of Placement of Wind Turbine Generators on IEEE 13 Node Radial Test Feeder In-Line Transformer Fuse-Fuse Protection Coordination." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 6 (June 7, 2020): 665–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.6.1939.

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The ever increasing global demand on the electrical energy has lead to the integration of Distributed Generators (DGs) onto the distribution power systems networks to supplement on the deficiencies on the electrical energy generation capacities. The high penetration levels of DGs on the electrical distribution networks experienced over the past decade calls for the grid operators to periodically and critically asses the impacts brought by the DGs on the distribution network operations. The assessment on the impacts brought by the DGs on the distribution network operations is done by simulating the dynamic response of the network to major disturbances occurring on the network like the faults once the DGs have been connected into it. Connection of Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) into a conventional electrical energy distribution network has great impacts on the short circuit current levels experienced during a fault and also on the protective devices used in protecting the distribution network equipment namely; the transformers, the overhead distribution lines, the underground cables and the line compensators and the shunt capacitors commonly used/found on the relatively long rural distribution feeders. The main factors which contribute to the impacts brought by the WTGs integration onto a conventional distribution network are: The location of interconnecting the WTG/s into the distribution feeder; The size/s of the WTG/s in terms of their electrical wattage penetrating the distribution network; And the type of the WTG interfacing technology used labeled/classified as, Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV WTGs. Even though transformers are the simplest and the most reliable devices in an electrical power system, transformer failures can occur due to internal or external conditions that make the transformer incapable of performing its proper functions. Appropriate transformer protection should be used with the objectives of protecting the electrical power system in case of a transformer failure and also to protect the transformer itself from the power system disturbances like the faults. This paper was to investigate the effects of integrating WTGs on a distribution transformer Fuse-Fuse conventional protection coordination scheme. The radial distribution feeder studied was the IEEE 13 node radial test feeder and it was simulated using the Electrical Transient Analysis Program (ETAP) software for distribution transformer Fuse-Fuse protection coordination analysis. The IEEE 13 Node radial test feeder In-line transformer studied is a three-phase step down transformer having a star solidly grounded primary winding supplied at and a star solidly grounded secondary winding feeding power at a voltage of . The increase on the short circuit currents at the In-line transformer nodes due to the WTG integration continuously reduces the time coordination margins between the upstream fuse F633 and the downstream fuse F634 used to protect the transformer.
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Iqteit, Nassim A., and Khalid Yahya. "Simulink model of transformer differential protection using phase angle difference based algorithm." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp1088-1098.

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<p class="p1">An application of phase-angle-difference based algorithm with percentage differential relays is presented in this paper. In the situation where the transformer differential relay is under magnetizing inrush current, the algorithm will be utilized to block the process. In this study, the technique is modeled and implemented using Simulink integrated with MATLAB. The real circuit model of power transformer and current transformers are considered in the simulation model. The results confirmed the effectiveness of the technique in different operation modes; such as, magnetizing inrush currents, current transformers saturation and internal transformer faults.</p>
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Pourakbari-Kasmaei, Mahdi, Farhan Mahmood, and Matti Lehtonen. "Optimized Protection of Pole-Mounted Distribution Transformers against Direct Lightning Strikes." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 4372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174372.

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Direct lightning strikes on overhead phase conductors result in high overvoltage stress on the medium voltage (MV) terminals of pole-mounted transformers, which may cause considerable damage. Therefore, introducing an efficient protection strategy would be a remedy for alleviating such undesirable damages. This paper investigates the optimized protection of MV transformers against direct lightning strikes on the phase conductors. To this end, first, the impacts of grounding densities (number of grounded intermediate poles between every two successive transformer poles) on the probability of overvoltage stress on transformer terminals are investigated. Then, the implications of guy wire, as a supporting device for ungrounded intermediate poles, on reducing the overvoltage stress on transformers, are studied. Finally, the role of a surge arrester in mitigating the overvoltage stress of non-surge-arrester-protected transformer poles is scrutinized. The investigations are conducted on a sample MV network with 82 wood poles comprising 17 pole-mounted transformers protected by spark gaps. To provide in-depth analysis, two different poles, namely creosote- and arsenic-impregnated poles, are considered under wet and dry weather conditions. A sensitivity analysis is performed on grounding distances and on a combination of guy wire and grounded intermediate poles while taking into account soil ionization. The results provide a clear picture for the system operator in deciding how many grounded intermediate poles might be required for a system to reach the desired probabilities of transformers experiencing overvoltage stress and how the surge arrester and guy wires contribute to mitigating undesirable overvoltage stress.
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Krutikov, Kirill K., Vyacheslav V. Rozhkov, and Vladimir V. Fedotov. "Simulation of the saturation process of a current transformer with a load." Journal Of Applied Informatics 16, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37791/2687-0649-2021-16-4-48-61.

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The article deals with the mathematical basis and simulation of the saturation processes of current transformers with aperiodic components of short-circuit currents. Saturation processes of current transformers can affect the correct operation of the protections. At power plants, in particular atomic ones, the number of current transformers is several hundred with different loads, lengths of supply cables and the implementation of relay protection. At the same time, the determination of the time to saturation is essential for the construction of circuits and principles of construction of relay protection systems and automation of power plants. The dynamic processes in the primary and secondary circuits of current transformers in dynamics are considered in detail. A mathematical description of the dynamic processes of a current transformer in the nominal mode and during a short circuit in its primary circuit is given. The substantiation of the expediency of using the hypothesis of a rectangular magnetization characteristic in simplified calculations of saturation processes is given. The possibility of using the characteristics of magnetization in the test protocols available in practice in the no-load mode to simulate saturation processes has been demonstrated. Simulation of current transformers for the no-load experiment and power supply of the current transformer from the secondary side, as well as during its operation under conditions of a short circuit on the primary side and a known load on the secondary side is carried out. Thus, with the help of a computer experiment, it is possible to take the current- voltage characteristics and transfer them to the model with the saturation of current transformers already in the short-circuit mode. The efficiency of dynamic simulation of current transformers is shown. The software implementation of the model is performed by means of structural simulation in the MatLab package, based on the solution of equations of matrix structures and emulation of parallel computations. It was found that with the adequacy of the model and the real current transformer with the involvement of information from the no-load mode, the determination of the magnetization time from the aperiodic current components from the model is much easier than the analysis by other existing methods. They require detailed design details of the current transformer and the magnetic properties of the steel.
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Wang, Xiao Fang. "Transformer Inrush Current Identification Based on EMD+TEO Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 3129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.3129.

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Transformers is one of the most important power system components, its role is to carry power conversion and transmission, transformer manufacturing technology continues to develop, but there is a surge of its problems, factors that have caused the transformer inrush load switching, transformers string parallel operation and fault lines, etc, as a transformer inrush phenomenon often can lead to malfunction of its protection, the correct identification is particularly important means of this paper, the combination of EMD and TEO transformer inrush and fault operation effective identification, theory and simulation confirms the validity and reliability of the algorithm.
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Cai, Wei, Lin Sun, and Hua Ren Wu. "Simulation of Transformer Protection Based on an Embedded MATLAB Function." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 995–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.995.

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This paper establishes a simulation model of a simplified power system with transformer differential protection based on an embedded Matlab function block. The differential protection consists of percentage restraint differential protection, second harmonic restraint, differential current instantaneous trip protection and over-excitation protection. The model is able to correctly simulate the transformer’s inrush current and internal and external faults. The results from the simulation show that the circuit breaker correctly operates for a transformer internal fault and provides a good braking effect for an external fault. In addition, the protection model is able to identify the inrush current of the transformer and avoid a protection mis-trip event.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transformer's protection"

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Branco, Hermes Manoel Galvão Castelo. "Uma estratégia para a detecção e classificação de transitórios em transformadores de potência pela utilização da transformada Wavelet e da lógica Fuzzy." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-09092009-083518/.

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Nesta pesquisa, apresentam-se os principais eventos relacionados com a proteção de transformadores e sua correlação com os distúrbios de qualidade da energia elétrica (QEE). Neste sentido, foi desenvolvido um algoritmo que utiliza a transformada Wavelet (TW) e a lógica Fuzzy (LF) para classificar os eventos transitórios associados à proteção de transformadores. Estes eventos foram observados em um sistema elétrico de potência (SEP) simulado com a utilização do software Alternative Transients Program (ATP). Importa ressaltar que o sistema modelado apresenta transformadores ligados em paralelo, possibilitando o estudo de eventos decorrentes desta situação, como a energização solidária (Sympathetic Inrush). Por este SEP, modelado sobre parâmetros reais, foram simuladas várias situações transitórias, que provocam o aparecimento de correntes diferenciais, sendo estas direcionadas para análise do algoritmo desenvolvido. Afirma-se que, nos testes realizados, o algoritmo proposto apresentou um desempenho satisfatório perante as mais variadas situações a que foi submetido, identificando as causas das correntes diferenciais, sejam proporcionadas por defeitos ou por outras condições de operação aplicadas.
In this research, the main events related to the transformer protection and its correlation with the power quality disturbances (PQ) are presented. In this context, an algorithm based on Wavelet transform (WT) and Fuzzy logic (FL) was developed to classify the transient events associated with the transformer protection. These events were observed in an electrical power system (EPS) simulated using the Alternative Transients Program (ATP) software. It should be emphasized that the modeled system presents transformers connected in parallel, allowing the study of events of this situation, such as sympathetic inrush. For the simulated EPS, modeled based on real parameters, various transients situationswere simulated, causing the appearance of differentials currents which were directed to the analysis. The proposed algorithm showed a satisfactory performance tomany situations, identifying the causes of the differentials currents, either provided by faults or other operation conditions.
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Ntwoku, Stephane Ntuomou. "Dynamic transformer protection a novel approach using state estimation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45879.

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Transformers are very important parts of any electrical network, and their size increase so does their price. Protecting these important devices is a daunting task due to the wide variety of operating conditions. This thesis develops a new protection scheme based on state estimation.The foundation upon which our protection scheme is built is the modeling of the single phase transformer system of equations. The transformer equations are composed of polynomial and differential equations and this system of equations involving the transformer's electrical quantities are modeled into a system of equations such that highest degree of each of the system's equations is quadratic―in a process named Quadratization and then integrated using a technique called Quadratic integration to give a set of algebraic companion equations that can be solved numerically to determine the health of the transformer.
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Naodovic, Bogdan. "Influence of instrument transformers on power system protection." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2330.

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Instrument transformers are a crucial component of power system protection. They supply the protection system with scaled-down replicas of current and voltage signals present in a power network to the levels which are safe and practical to op- erate with. The conventional instrument transformers are based on electromagnetic coupling between the power network on the primary side and protective devices on the secondary. Due to such a design, instrument transformers insert distortions in the mentioned signal replicas. Protective devices may be sensitive to these distortions. The inuence of distortions may lead to disastrous misoperations of protective devices. To overcome this problem, a new instrument transformer design has been devised: optical sensing of currents and voltages. In the theory, novel instrument transform- ers promise a distortion-free replication of the primary signals. Since the mentioned novel design has not been widely used in practice so far, its superior performance needs to be evaluated. This poses a question: how can the new technology (design) be evaluated, and compared to the existing instrument transformer technology? The importance of this question lies in its consequence: is there a necessity to upgrade the protection system, i.e. to replace the conventional instrument transformers with the novel ones, which would be quite expensive and time-consuming? The posed question can be answered by comparing inuences of both the novel and the conventional instrument transformers on the protection system. At present, there is no systematic approach to this evaluation. Since the evaluation could lead to an improvement of the overall protection system, this thesis proposes a comprehensive and systematic methodology for the evaluation. The thesis also proposes a complete solution for the evaluation, in the form of a simulation environment. Finally, the thesis presents results of evaluation, along with their interpretation.
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Dolloff, Paul D. "An improved bus protection technique with dissimilar current transformers /." This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12302008-063159/.

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Dolloff, Paul A. "An improved bus protection technique with dissimilar current transformers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46432.

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Etumi, Adel. "Current signal processing-based techniques for transformer protection." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/94716/.

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Transformer is an expensive device and one of the most important parts in a power system. Internal faults can cause a transformer to fail and thus, it is necessary for it to be protected from these faults. Protection doesn’t mean that it prevents damage to the protected transformer but it is to minimize the damage to the transformer as much as possible, which consequently minimizes the subsequent outage time and repair cost. Therefore, fast and reliable protection system should be used for limiting damages to the transformer by rapidly disconnecting the faulty transformer from the network, which also leads to the elimination of the stresses on the system itself and preventing damage to adjacent equipment. The main aim of this thesis is to propose transformer protection technique that is fast and highly sensitive to internal faults that occur inside the transformer, to overcome the problems of current transformer saturation and inrush current, and to make it immune to the external faults (through faults) that occur outside of the transformer protection zone. The current transformer saturation and inrush current are significant problems since they cause malfunction of the protection system, which consequently will disconnect the transformer because they are considered faults. This improper disconnection of transformer is not desirable as it shortens its life time. So the proposed protection technique was designed to be fast and to avoid maloperation caused by saturation and inrush current. The proposed protection technique was based on current signal processing. Three methods, namely the application of correlation coefficients, current change ratio (CCR) and percentage area difference (PAD) were proposed based on practical and simulation tests. These techniques were successfully proved by carrying out tests on Simulink models using MATLAB/SIMULINK program and on a practical laboratory model. In transformer transient state, the response time for the methods that were used to address the problem of inrush condition, was 10 ms for CCR when transformer was on no-load and 5 ms for PAD when the transformer was on-load. This response time Current Signal Processing-Based Techniques for Transformer Protection v is faster than the most popular method relying on second harmonic, which needs at least one cycle (20ms in 50 Hz systems) to recognize the condition. In transformer steady state, it was proved that the proposed correlation method was capable of detecting the internal faults successfully within a very short time, ranging from 0.8 to 2.5 ms according to the type and severity of the fault and in addition was able to overcome the problem of current transformer (CT) saturation. The contribution of this research is the development of a transformer protection technique, which is simple in design, fast and reliable in fault detection and at the same time capable of overcoming the problems of current transformer saturation and inrush current.
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Baningobera, Bwandakassy Elenga. "The IEC 61850 standard-based protection scheme for power transformers." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2713.

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Thesis (Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
Transformer Differential and overcurrent schemes are traditionally used as main and backup protection respectively. The differential protection relay (SEL487E) has dedicated harmonic restraint function which blocks the relay during the transformer magnetizing inrush conditions. However, the backup overcurrent relay (SEL751A) applied to the transformer protection does not have a harmonic restraint element and trips the overcurrent relay during the inrush conditions. Therefore, to prevent the malfunction caused by the transformer magnetizing inrush current, a novel harmonic blocking method is developed, implemented and tested in the RSCAD simulation environment. The IEEE 14 bus transmission system is considered as a case study. The IEEE 14 bus system is modelled and simulated in the DIgSILENT and RSCAD simulation environments respectively. The developed harmonic blocking scheme is implemented in the Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation environment using Real-Time Digital Simulator and numerical protection IEDs. The developed scheme uses the Harmonic Blocking element (87HB) of the transformer differential relay (SEL487E) to send an IEC61850 GOOSE-based harmonic blocking signal to the backup overcurrent relay (SEL751A) to inhibit it from tripping during the transformer magnetizing inrush current conditions. The hardwired and GOOSE simulation results are analysed for the transformer differential protection and the backup overcurrent protection schemes for internal, external events and transformer magnetizing inrush current conditions. The simulation results proved that the IEC61850 standard-based protection scheme is faster than the hardwired. Therefore, the speed and reliability are improved using the IEC61850 standard-based GOOSE applications to the transformer digital protective relaying system.
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Tumay, Mehmet. "The performance of power system protection under transient operating conditions." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322064.

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Muthumuni, Dharshana De S. "Simulation models relevant to the protection of synchronous machines and transformers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ62659.pdf.

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Yuping, Lu. "Intelligent technique based digital differential protection for generator-transformer unit." Thesis, City University London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410150.

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Books on the topic "Transformer's protection"

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Pansini, Anthony J. Electrical transformers and power equipment. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1988.

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Pansini, Anthony J. Electrical transformers and power equipment. 3rd ed. Lilburn, GA: Fairmont Press, 1999.

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Patel, Dharmesh, and Nilesh Chothani. Digital Protective Schemes for Power Transformer. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6763-6.

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Doli͡uk, R. P. Grozoupornostʹ transformatorov. Moskva: Ėnergoatomizdat, 1993.

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IEEE Power Engineering Society. Power Systems Relaying Committee. IEEE guide for protective relay applications to power transformers. New York, NY: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2000.

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Stallcup, James G. Motors and transformers: Based on the 1993 NEC. Homewood, Ill: American Technical Publishers, 1992.

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Goremykin, Sergey. Relay protection and automation of electric power systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1048841.

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The textbook describes the main issues of the theory of relay protection and automation of electric power systems. The structure and functional purpose of protection devices and automation of power transmission lines of various configurations, synchronous generators, power transformers, electric motors and individual electrical installations are considered. For each of the types of protection of the above objects, the structure, the principle of operation, the order of selection of settings are given, the advantages and disadvantages are evaluated, indicating the scope of application. The manual includes material on complete devices based on semiconductor and microprocessor element bases. The progressive use of such devices (protection of the third and fourth generations) is appropriate and effective due to their significant advantages. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students in the areas of training 13.03.02 "Electric power and electrical engineering" (profile "Power supply", discipline "Relay protection and automation of electric power systems") and 35.03.06 "Agroengineering" (profile "Power supply and electrical equipment of agricultural enterprises", discipline "Relay protection of electrical equipment of agricultural objects"), as well as for graduate students and specialists engaged in the field of electrification and automation of industrial and agrotechnical objects.
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Lin, Xiangning, Jing Ma, Qing Tian, and Hanli Weng. Electromagnetic Transient Analysis and Novel Protective Relaying Techniques for Power Transformers. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons Singapore Pte. Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118653838.

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Blijdenstijn, Roland. Trafohuisjes. Utrecht: Stichting Matrijs, 1993.

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Wilcoski, James. Fragility testing of a power transformer bushing: Demonstration of CERL Equipment Fragility and Protection Procedure. [Champaign, IL]: US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transformer's protection"

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Manditereza, Patrick T. "Transformer Protection." In Power System Protection in Smart Grid Environment, 355–78. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429401756-10.

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Wright, A., and C. Christopoulos. "Current transformers." In Electrical Power System Protection, 39–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3072-5_2.

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Wright, A., and C. Christopoulos. "Voltage transformers." In Electrical Power System Protection, 87–101. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3072-5_3.

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Christopoulos, C., and A. Wright. "Current transformers." In Electrical Power System Protection, 39–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5065-2_2.

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Christopoulos, C., and A. Wright. "Voltage transformers." In Electrical Power System Protection, 87–101. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5065-2_3.

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Singh, Rajiv, and Asheesh Kumar Singh. "Instrument Transformers." In Power System Protection in Smart Grid Environment, 119–59. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429401756-4.

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Wright, A., and C. Christopoulos. "The protection of transformers." In Electrical Power System Protection, 179–225. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3072-5_6.

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Christopoulos, C., and A. Wright. "The protection of transformers." In Electrical Power System Protection, 179–225. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5065-2_6.

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Patel, Dharmesh, and Nilesh Chothani. "Introduction to Power Transformer Protection." In Power Systems, 1–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6763-6_1.

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Patel, Dharmesh, and Nilesh Chothani. "Relevance Vector Machine Based Transformer Protection." In Power Systems, 107–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6763-6_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transformer's protection"

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Xu, Ningting, Jun Dong, and Siyuan Zheng. "The impact analysis of current transformer's saturation to relay protection." In 2014 China International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CICED). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciced.2014.6991650.

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Hua, Jing, Li Ai, and Jiatang Cheng. "Effection of Current Transformer's Accuracy Error on Current Differential Protection." In 2016 6th International Conference on Mechatronics, Computer and Education Informationization (MCEI 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mcei-16.2016.130.

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Dolgicers, Aleksandrs, and Jevgenijs Kozadajevs. "Experience of transformer's inrush current modeling for the purposes of relay protection." In 2015 IEEE 5th International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives (POWERENG). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/powereng.2015.7266310.

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Muller, Se´bastien, Ryan Brady, Gae¨l De Bressy, Philippe Magnier, and Guillaume Pe´rigaud. "Prevention of Transformer Tank Explosion: Part 1 — Experimental Tests on Large Transformers." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61526.

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Oil-filled transformer explosions are caused by low impedance faults that result in arcing in transformer tanks once the oil loses its dielectric properties. Within milliseconds, oil is then vaporized and the generated gas is pressurized because the liquid inertia prevents its expansion. The pressure difference between the gas bubbles and the surrounding liquid oil generates pressure waves, which propagate and interact with the tank. Then, the pressure peak reflections are building up the static pressure, which rises and leads to the tank explosion since tanks are not designed to withstand the resulting static pressure. This typical transformer incident is common. Indeed, conventional transformer protections are unable to react fast enough to prevent tank explosion that usually result in very expensive blackouts and fire damages for electricity facilities. This paper describes a transformer explosion prevention technology based on the direct mechanical response of a Depressurization Set to the tank inner dynamic pressure induced by electrical faults. Since transformers always rupture at their weakest point because of the static pressure increase, the Depressurization Set is designed to be this weakest point in term of inertia to break before the tank explodes. To evaluate its efficiency, experiments and computer simulations have been performed. Two experimental test campaigns were carried out, first by Electricite´ de France in 2002 and second, by CEPEL, Brazil, in 2004 on large scale transformers equipped with that prevention technology. These tests consisted in creating low impedance faults in oil filled transformer tanks. The 62 tests confirmed that the arc first creates a huge volume of gas that is quickly pressurized, generating one high pressure peak that propagates in the oil and activates the transformer protection within milliseconds before static pressure increases, thus preventing the tank explosion. Beside the experiments, a compressible two-phase flow numerical simulation tool was developed. The theoretical bases of this tool are presented in a parallel paper [1] and it is used here to study the pressure increase in an unprotected tank when subjected to an internal arcing which properties are similar to those used during the experiments. The fast tank depressurization induced by the transformer protection and its protective effects are thus highlighted.
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Brady, Ryan, Sebastien Muller, Margareta Petrovan-Boiarciuc, Guillaume Perigaud, and Benjamin Landis. "Prevention of Transformer Tank Explosion: Part 3—Design of Efficient Protections Using Numerical Simulations." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77413.

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Electricity markets are very competitive and in order to limit costs, companies often reduce their investments by using aging equipment and by overloading their transformers. For these reasons, oil-filled transformer explosions are becoming more and more frequent. They are caused by electrical arcs occurring in transformer tanks. Within milliseconds, arcs vaporize the surrounding oil and the generated gas is pressurized because the liquid inertia prevents its expansion. The pressure difference between the gas bubble and the surrounding liquid oil generates a dynamic pressure peak, which propagates and interacts with the tank. Then, the reflections generate pressure waves that build up the static pressure, leading to tank rupture since tanks are not designed to withstand such levels of static pressure. This results in dangerous explosions, expensive damages and possible environmental pollution. Despite all these risks, and contrarily to usual pressure vessels, no specific standard has been set to protect sealed transformer tanks subjected to large dynamic overpressures. To limit the consequences of an explosion, protective walls surrounding transformers can contain the explosion while sprinklers may extinguish the induced fire. In order to extend this chain of protections to the transformer itself, a strategy to avoid transformer tank rupture was developed and presented at the previous PVP08 Conference (PVP2008-61526 - Prevention of Transformer Tank Explosion: Part 1). The concept of this strategy is based on the direct mechanical response of a depressurization set to the inner dynamic pressure induced by electrical faults. In the same paper, the efficiency of this depressurization strategy was experimentally shown: if the oil evacuation through the depressurization set is activated within milliseconds by the first dynamic pressure peak before static pressure increases, the explosion can be prevented. The use of these protections eliminates the need to design transformer tanks as pressure vessels, which by application of the ASME standard would require a significant increase of the the shell thickness. Complementarily, a compressible two-phase flow numerical simulation tool based on a 3D finite volume method was developed to study transformer explosions and possible strategies for their prevention. Its theoretical bases were detailed in the PVP08 ASME Conference (PVP2008-61453 - Prevention of Transformer Tank Explosion: Part 2). The current paper shows the applications of this simulation software as a decision making tool, especially toward improving the design of real mechanical transformer protections. Some guidelines to optimize the efficiency of transformer protections are suggested thus contributing to a possible standard setting.
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Landis, Ben, Omar Ahmed, Sangpil Yoon, Anne M. Goj, and Guillaume Périgaud. "Development of a Two-Way Fluid Structure Coupling for Studying Power Transformers Subjected to Internal Dynamic Over-Pressures." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97207.

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Within the highly competitive electricity market, companies often reduce costs by using aging equipment and by overloading their transformers. These conditions substantially increase the risk of transformer explosions. These incidents are caused by electrical arcs occurring within oil filled transformers. The arc, within milliseconds, vaporizes the surrounding oil and the generated gas is pressurized because the liquid inertia prevents its expansion. The pressure difference between the gas bubble and the surrounding liquid oil generates a dynamic pressure peak, which interacts with the transformer. The reflections generate pressure waves that lead to transformer rupture since transformers are not designed to withstand these pressures. This results in dangerous explosions, expensive damages and possible environmental pollution. Despite all these risks, and contrary to usual pressure vessels, no specific standard has been set to protect sealed transformer tanks subjected to large dynamic overpressures. In order to study transformer rupture and its prevention, experiments have been performed on transformers. However, safely carrying out live tests is difficult and expensive. In order to limit the costs, to reduce the risks and to gain insight on these phenomena numerical simulation tools are necessary. First a computational fluid dynamics solver was developed; it is based on an unsteady compressible two-phase flow model, the equations parameterizing the system are solved using a 3D finite volume method. Previous papers showed the ability of the hydrodynamic tool to study in detail (1) dynamic pressure wave propagation inside transformer oil that leads to transformer rupture and (2) depressurization induced by efficient protection means. Later, the hydrodynamic numerical tool has been one-way coupled with Code_ASTER, a dynamic structural analysis package, to create a fluid structure interaction (FSI). Preliminary results were shown and this strategy has been applied to the study of more complex electrical equipment. The present paper’s goal is to illustrate the development and application of a two-way coupling for the aforementioned fluid structure interaction strategy. The methodology for the enhanced coupling is explained and the simulation results about the structural behavior caused by these dynamic pressures are presented.
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Ilar, M., and M. Wittwer. "Numerical Generator Protection Offers New Benefits of Gas Turbines." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-268.

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This article describes the benefits offered by a new type of numerical protection system, applied to gas turbine generators. World-wide more than 100 different generators with a total rating of about 6000 MW are equipped with this type of protection system. This protection system is completely independent of other power plant equipment, with its own DC power supplies, input isolating auxiliary current and voltage transformers and optocoupler or relay type binary input/output devices as well as serial communication links. The heart of the system is a multiprocessor high speed bus capable of handling the communication between the measuring inputs, the protection algorithm processor (s) and the output units. The system makes use of a large library of modular, pretested protective functions. Continuous self-monitoring enhances the availability of the complete protective system. Modern, well coordinated protection and turbine control systems offer new advantages to the user such as faster handling of emergency situations through the availability of more and better information together with the possibility of faster and more detailed fault analysis. In addition, a reduction in the time required for commissioning, e.g. for cables and instrument transformers, can be realized. This paper is presented to provide some understanding of the application of the protection system introduced here, in particular in connection with the ABB gas turbine generator unit type GT11N. Also introduced are the main components involved, such as numerical protective functions, self-monitoring of protection systems, and data exchange.
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Kay, A. G. "The monitoring and protection of on load tapchangers." In IEE Colloquium on Condition Monitoring of Large Machines and Power Transformers. IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19970498.

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Bruha, Martin, Marcel Visser, Joseph von Sebo, Esa Virtanen, and Pasi Tallinen. "Protection of VSD transformers." In 2017 Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference Europe (PCIC Europe). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/pciceurope.2017.8015062.

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Hartmann, Wayne. "Improving Transformer Protection." In 2019 72nd Conference for Protective Relay Engineers (CPRE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2019.8765860.

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Reports on the topic "Transformer's protection"

1

Johnson, Todd, Kenneth Bratton, and Henry Chu. Full-Set Transformer Protection Barrier Manufacturing and Technology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1692383.

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Wilcoski, James, and Steven J. Smith. Fragility Testing of a Power Transformer Bushing; Demonstration of CERL Equipment Fragility and Protection Procedure. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada341297.

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