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1
Nireekshana, Namburi. "A POD Modulation Technique Based Transformer less HERIC Topology for PV Grid Tied-Inverter." E3S Web of Conferences 616 (2025): 01001. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202561601001.
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Transformer-based inverters offer galvanic isolation, which improves safety by physically disconnecting the PV array from the grid. Simultaneously, transformers contribute to extra energy losses as a result of their intrinsic resistance and inductance, resulting in reduced overall system efficiency. Integrating a transformer within the inverter increases its size and weight, which adds complexity to the installation process and necessitates stronger mounting options. Transformers produce excess heat, which requires more advanced cooling methods and may decrease the lifespan of the inverter components owing to thermal strain. Transformers can restrict the inverter’s frequency response, which can impact its capacity to rapidly adjust to variations in load or grid circumstances. Hence, in order to circumvent these intricacies, this article introduces a transformer less full-bridge PV grid structure. The proposed technique is an advanced and efficient technology that con-verts DC voltage generated by photovoltaic (PV) solar panels into AC voltage that can be safely fed into the electrical grid. This inverter employs a HERIC topology. HERIC transformer-less full-bridge PV grid-tied inverters are an advanced and efficient option for converting solar power into electricity. They are very dependable and are ideal for cur-rent PV systems that focus on maximum energy production while reducing installation and operational expenses. This article presents the development of a HERIC transformer-less photovoltaic (PV) grid-tied inverter using insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) switches in MATLAB Simulink.
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Noor, Shahreen, Md Noman Habib Khan, and K. M. Abdul Al Woadud. "Cost and Efficiency Analysis of PV Transformer-Less Inverter Topology to Grid Connection." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 2, no. 3 (2017): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2017.2.3.290.
Full textAbstract:
Photovoltaic (PV) inverters bear a part and parcel role due to cost and power efficiency where it can be used either in Transformer based system or Transformer-less system. Both system even though the renewable energy which is fully Environmental friendly, however some limitations such as bulky system, maintenance cost increasing indicate for avoiding the Transformer based inverter. In contrast, Transformer -less inverter topology is recovering the TRX based issue and to reduce the overall system cost size with high efficiency. In this paper, Transformer -based inverters have been discussed as well as Transformer –less (TRX) inverter topologies and main focusing part is the cost analysis of TRX inverter topology to grid connection and the different marking process of PV-TRX Inverter Topology to Grid Connection has been shown as well as comparison will be shown with Bangladesh.
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Noor, Shahreen, Md Noman Habib Khan, and K. M. Abdul Al Woadud. "Cost and Efficiency Analysis of PV Transformer-Less Inverter Topology to Grid Connection." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 2, no. 3 (2017): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2017.2.3.290.
Full textAbstract:
Photovoltaic (PV) inverters bear a part and parcel role due to cost and power efficiency where it can be used either in Transformer based system or Transformer-less system. Both system even though the renewable energy which is fully Environmental friendly, however some limitations such as bulky system, maintenance cost increasing indicate for avoiding the Transformer based inverter. In contrast, Transformer -less inverter topology is recovering the TRX based issue and to reduce the overall system cost size with high efficiency. In this paper, Transformer -based inverters have been discussed as well as Transformer –less (TRX) inverter topologies and main focusing part is the cost analysis of TRX inverter topology to grid connection and the different marking process of PV-TRX Inverter Topology to Grid Connection has been shown as well as comparison will be shown with Bangladesh.
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Daniel A Figueiredo and Sanjay S Pawar. "Single Phase Transformer Less Inverter for Grid Connected Photo Voltaic System." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology 11, no. 2 (2024): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/ijsrst2412344.
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Sustainable power generation systems have been developed as a result of increased consumption of energy, the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, and environmental degradation worldwide. Thus, the demand for photovoltaic systems is increasing, owing to the increased need for renewable resources worldwide. Transformers are often used in photovoltaic systems to offer voltage ratio conversions between input and output along with galvanic isolation. The inverter, that may be a transformer-less or with a transformer, is the enabling technology in PV systems. But, the efficiency and power density of these traditional iron and copper-based transformers are decreased while the inverter's weight, size, and cost are increased. Thus, it is recommended to refrain from utilizing transformers within the inverter. For this reason, transformer-less inverters for grid-tied, low-voltage, single-phase photovoltaic (PV) systems have gained more attention thesedays. To comply with the safety requirements imposed by grid regulations, there are a few distinctive challenges, particularly with respect to leakage current problems, which need to be sufficiently handled. Owing to this In recent years, distributed solar grid-tied systems have made widespread use of single phase transformerless Voltage Source Inverters.
 This paper explores a novel transformer-less solar inverter for grid connected PV system and Results are investigated in MATLAB Simulink provided a significant reduction in distortion in voltage and current at load side.
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P, Maithili, and Kanakaraj J. "Transformer Less Self-Commutated PV Inverter." Regular issue 10, no. 8 (2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.g9037.0610821.
Full textAbstract:
The power demand is increased day by day and generation of electrical energy from non-renewable sources are not able to meet the demand. An alternate energy sources are the only solution to meet the power demand. The power generation from solar energy with photovoltaic effect is plays a major role. This Solar PV system has low efficiency. The power semiconductor devices and converter circuit along with inductive / magnetic circuit. The Inverter circuit have an influence on photovoltaic power generation to improve the level of output voltage along with efficiency. In this paper a new transformer less DC-AC converter is proposed, and it has high efficiency, requires less cost when compares with conventional inverter with transformer. Transformer less self-commutated photovoltaic inverter is reflected the advantages of central and string inverters. It gives high output power and low-cost converter. These transformer less DC-AC converter is connect with Boost/Buck-Boost converter for the better output. So, this proposed DC-AC converter topology is not required mechanical switching and it is lighter in size. The PV technology has low efficiency and utilize more cost for generation of power. The proposed transformer less PV inverter is the better choice to increase the usefulness and reduce the charge rate of this PV system.
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Maithili, P., and J. Kanakaraj. "Transformer Less Self-Commutated PV Inverter." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) 10, no. 8 (2021): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.G9037.0610821.
Full textAbstract:
The power demand is increased day by day and generation of electrical energy from non-renewable sources are not able to meet the demand. An alternate energy sources are the only solution to meet the power demand. The power generation from solar energy with photovoltaic effect is plays a major role. This Solar PV system has low efficiency. The power semiconductor devices and converter circuit along with inductive / magnetic circuit. The Inverter circuit have an influence on photovoltaic power generation to improve the level of output voltage along with efficiency. In this paper a new transformer less DC-AC converter is proposed, and it has high efficiency, requires less cost when compares with conventional inverter with transformer. Transformer less self-commutated photovoltaic inverter is reflected the advantages of central and string inverters. It gives high output power and low-cost converter. These transformer less DC-AC converter is connect with Boost/Buck-Boost converter for the better output. So, this proposed DC-AC converter topology is not required mechanical switching and it is lighter in size. The PV technology has low efficiency and utilize more cost for generation of power. The proposed transformer less PV inverter is the better choice to increase the usefulness and reduce the charge rate of this PV system.
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Suroso and Siswantoro Hari. "A performance comparison of transformer-less grid tied PV system using diode clamped and neutral point shorted inverters." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 11, no. 2 (2020): 702–10. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v11.i2.pp702-710.
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Grid tied photovoltaic (PV) system is an operation mode of PV system working together with utility power supply to provide power to the power load. Conventionally, transformer is used together with the power inverter. The power transformer works as galvanic insolation amongst PV system and power grid. It works also to raise the voltage of power inverter. However, use of transformer will add system complexity, price, weight and size of the entire system. Transformer-less system is an alternative to make the system simpler and more practical in use. The paper discusses performance of transformer-less grid tied PV systems using diode clamped and neutral point shorted inverters. Effects of transformer elimination to the feat of the grid tied PV system especially harmonics content and leakage current of PV system were examined and analyzed. The performance was also compared with the traditional system using H-bridge inverter. The leakage currents did not flow in the system applying diode clamped inverter, and neutral point shorted inverter. In case of harmonics content, the diode clamped inverter injected less harmonics components than the neutral point shorted inverter. The neutral point shorted provides a simpler inverter circuit in the transformerless systems.
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Biswas, Mohua, Shuvra Prokash Biswas, Md Rabiul Islam, Md Ashib Rahman, Kashem M. Muttaqi, and S. M. Muyeen. "A New Transformer-Less Single-Phase Photovoltaic Inverter to Improve the Performance of Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic Systems." Energies 15, no. 22 (2022): 8398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228398.
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Photovoltaic (PV) energy systems have found diverse applications in fulfilling the increasing energy demand worldwide. Transformer-less PV inverters convert the DC energy from PV systems to AC energy and deliver it to the grid through a non-isolated connection. This paper proposes a new transformer-less grid-connected PV inverter. A closed-loop control scheme is presented for the proposed transformer-less inverter to connect it with the power grid. The proposed transformer-less inverter reduces extra leakage current and holds the common-mode voltage at a constant point. To eliminate extra leakage current, as well as achieve constant common-mode voltage, a midpoint clamping method is utilized to operate the inverter. The proposed transformer-less inverter is formed of seven insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) employing a unipolar sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique for switching purposes. An LCL filter is employed to reshape the two-level inverter output voltage and current to obtain closer sinusoidal waveforms. The output voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD) of the proposed transformer-less inverter were found to be 1.25% and 0.94%, respectively, in the grid-connected mode. The leakage current elimination mechanism with the proposed transformer-less inverter is deeply analyzed in this paper. The performances of the proposed transformer-less inverter were evaluated with MATLAB/Simulink simulation and validated in a laboratory scale experiment.
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Vinitha, R., and P. Shankar. "Improvement of Transformer-less Inverter Output Voltage Using 7-Level Single Phase Inverter and LCL Filter." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (2022): 613–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43676.
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Abstract-The system is designed for transformer-less inverter which has harmonic distortion present in their output voltage due to power electronic switching. Total Harmonic Distortion present within the output voltage may be minimized by using 7-level cascaded H-Bridge inverter rather than previous multilevel inverter. An LCL filter with damping resistor is proposed which might be used between the inverter and therefore the load. In the recent days the renewable energy sources has increased rapidly, as these individuals power sources are getting increased throughout the years. Power electronics are getting great at controlling and having a great advantage to process the power. Inverters are one of these power electronic devices used in the process of conversion of DC to AC power. The transformer-less inverter has an excellent efficiency, also not having a transformer the device is compact, have less weight and cheaper. Harmonics is one of the power quality problem and need to eradicate at the proper time to reduce significant power losses thus multilevel inverters are receiving more attention in industrial application and renewable energy system. The DC link capacitor is used to reduce the fluctuation of the DC voltage. These harmonic distortion are generated because of power electronic switching, Using Mat lab /Simulink software the 7-level cascaded H-Bridge multilevel inverter is simulated. This system will help in securing the loads and reducing the loss due to heating caused by unwanted harmonics in the voltage Keywords – Multilevel Inverter, Harmonics, Switching, Filter, Transformer-less
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R, Selvamathi, Indragandhi V, and Ashok kumar L. "Analysis of transformer less inverter for PV applications." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2-1 (2018): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.9995.
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To enhance the effectiveness and decrease the cost of a Photovoltaic (PV) system, the utilization of transformer less PV inverters is an option of expanding interest. In any case, this topology should be considered in detail, as it shows a few issues like effectiveness degradation and safety issues identified with the galvanic association between the system and the PV generator.In this research paper, a review of standalone and grid-connected PV inverter structures has been done. From one viewpoint, a few options in light of established structures have been introduced. At last parasitic capacitance in PV arrays and leakage current produced from PV systems are examined.
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Shrikant, P. Khadase, and N. A. Bodkhe Prof. "Improved Transformer Less Solar Inverter for Solar Grid Using Constants Power Generation." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY IN ENGINEERING (IJAITE) 7, no. 6 (2022): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7275641.
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There are two main types of distributed solar power generation system stand-alone system and grid-connected system. In grid-connected system usually are equipped with additional transformer to transfer the energy from solar power to the grid. However, it has resulted in considerable cost in providing these systems. Therefore, in this research develops boost transformer less solar inverter system. The proposed system consists of a boost converter and transformer less inverter. Boost converter is used to increase the dc voltage yield by photovoltaic (PV) and delivered to the grid by mean of transformer less inverter. In order to maximize the power from PV, the proposed system is also designed with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) by changing the value of modulation index in the transformer less inverters. From the simulation results show that the system can work effectively in a variety condition such as light intensity changed and fluctuating in the grid voltage side. The algorithms utilized for MPPT are generalized algorithms and are easy to model or use as a code. The algorithms are written in m files of MATLAB and utilized in simulation.
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Hendawi, Essam. "An Efficient Grid Connected Photovoltaic System Based on H6 Transformer-less Inverter." European Journal of Energy Research 3, no. 3 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejenergy.2023.3.3.125.
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Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems based on transformer-less inverters have been widely used. Various topologies of transformer-less inverters are presented. The requirements of minimizing leakage current through transformer-less inverters and maximizing the power generated from PV arrays are of great importance. This paper presents a complete system that can effectively minimize the leakage current to safe values. In addition, operation at maximum PV array power point is realized. The system is based on modified H6 transformer-less inverter to minimize the leakage current. Perturbation and Observation P&O maximum power point tracker in addition to a dc-dc boost converter are utilized to achieve the second target. Analysis of each part and system controllers in the proposed system are presented in detail. Losses and system efficiency are introduced. Effects of sun irradiance variations are included. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed system.
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Kanchikere, ayanna, A. K. Ghosh, and Kalyankumar. "Design and Simulation Analysis of Three-phase Transformer less Grid-connected PV Inverters." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering 7, no. 3 (2018): 211–26. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v7.i3.pp211-226.
Full textAbstract:
Three-stage transformer less inverter is broadly utilized as a part of low power photovoltaic (PV) framework associated frameworks because of its little size, high proficiency and ease. At the point when no transformer is utilized as a part of a framework associated PV framework, a galvanic association between the lattice and PV exhibit exists. In these conditions, perilous spillage streams (basic mode ebbs and flows) can show up through the stray capacitance between the PV cluster and the ground. The previous, keeping in mind the end goal to make a galvanic separation between the info and the yield incorporate a transformer (obligatory in a few nations) that restrains the entire framework exhibitions as far as effectiveness, weight, size and cost. Actually, transformer less inverters don't present any separation and are described by minimal size, bring down cost and higher effectiveness (over 2% higher). In any case, the absence of transformers prompts spillage streams that can be hurtful to the human body, and in addition for the entire transformation framework uprightness. With a specific end goal to keep away from the spillage streams, different Transformer less inverters have been proposed utilizing diverse topologies to create consistent regular mode voltage. In this paper, different as of late proposed transformer less PV inverters are researched. Their exhibitions are thought about and broke down.
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Daniel A Figueiredo and Sanjay S Pawar. "High Efficiency Single Phase Photovoltaic Based Pulse Width Modulated Transformerless Inverter Tied to Grid." International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology 11, no. 4 (2024): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32628/ijsrst24114118.
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Nowadays the emergence of renewable energy sources is an outcome of the rapid rise in power consumption. PV power generating systems are more effective and superior to other renewable sources for energy as compared to other sources. Numerous studies are expected to contribute to the widespread implementation of PV in power systems. Modern transformer-less inverter technologies are proving to be more dependable and efficient than traditional ones because of their incredibly appealing cheap cost, reduced weight, and smaller size, that all contribute to enhanced efficiency. This research proposes a new type of transformer less inverter that is inexpensive and more effective than traditional transformer-based inverters. In this paper the transformer less inverter for photovoltaic systems linked to the grid has ability to lower the leakage currents. The detailed analysis of proposed topology and obtained results are analyzed in MATLAB simulation.
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Kanchikere, Jayanna, A. K. Ghosh, and Kalyankumar Kalyankumar. "Design and Simulation Analysis of Three-Phase Transformer Less Grid-Connected PV Inverters." International Journal of Applied Power Engineering (IJAPE) 7, no. 3 (2018): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v7.i3.pp211-226.
Full textAbstract:
Three-stage transformer less inverter is broadly utilized as a part of low power photovoltaic (PV) framework associated frameworks because of its little size, high proficiency and ease. At the point when no transformer is utilized as a part of a framework associated photovoltaic (PV) framework, a galvanic association between the lattice and PV exhibit exists. In these conditions, perilous spillage streams (basic mode ebbs and flows) can show up through the stray capacitance between the PV cluster and the ground. The previous, keeping in mind the end goal to make a galvanic separation between the info and the yield incorporate a transformer (obligatory in a few nations) that restrains the entire framework exhibitions as far as effectiveness, weight, size and cost. Actually, transformer less inverters don't present any separation and are described by minimal size, bring down cost and higher effectiveness (over 2% higher). In any case, the absence of transformers prompts spillage streams that can be hurtful to the human body, and in addition for the entire transformation framework uprightness. With a specific end goal to keep away from the spillage streams, different Transformer less inverters have been proposed utilizing diverse topologies to create consistent regular mode voltage. In this paper, different as of late proposed transformer less PV inverters are researched. Their exhibitions are thought about and broke down.
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Zunnurain, I. A., M. F. Hariz, S. M. Ilham, N. Kimpol, M. N. K. Anuar, and K. M. Yumi. "High Gain Transformer-less DC/AC Inverter for PV System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2129, no. 1 (2021): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2129/1/012065.
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Abstract Investigation interests on many scientific aspects of photovoltaic (PV) trans-former-less inverter system has improved over the past decade. Using step-up transformer or high frequency transformer in electrical system has made the entire system expensive and voluminous. There is alternative topology to replace the transformer by implementing DC/DC quadratic boost converter to expand the voltage from 12VDC to 325VDC from the photovoltaic (PV) solar and convert it to AC applying H-bridge inverter circuit. This method will replace the conventional method of bulky transformer into a lighter converter with the same performance. The circuit is simulated using Power Sim (PSIM) software to initiate the design and study the circuit capability. The experimental result will project the exact voltage in the range of 230VACrms . The harmonic profile of the inverter is studies and compared with the normal inverter configuration.
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Phuyal, Sushil, Shashwot Shrestha, Swodesh Sharma, Rachana Subedi, Anil Kumar Panjiyar, and Mukesh Gautam. "An Optimized H5 Hysteresis Current Control with Clamped Diodes in Transformer-Less Grid-PV Inverter." Electricity 6, no. 1 (2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/electricity6010001.
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With the rise of renewable energy penetration in the grid, photovoltaic (PV) panels are connected to the grid via inverters to supply solar energy. Transformer-less grid-tied PV inverters are gaining popularity because of their improved efficiency, reduced size, and lower costs. However, they can induce a path for leakage currents between the PV and the grid due to the absence of galvanic isolation. This leads to serious electromagnetic interference, loss in efficiency, and safety concerns. The leakage current is primarily influenced by the nature of the common mode voltage (CMV), which is determined by the switching techniques of the inverter. In this paper, a novel inverter topology of Hysteresis Controlled H5 with Two Clamping Diodes (HCH5-D2) is derived. The HCH5-D2 topology helps decouple the AC part (Grid) and DC part (PV) during the freewheeling period to make the CMV constant, thereby reducing the leakage current. Additionally, the extra diodes help reduce voltage spikes generated during the freewheeling period and maintain the CMV at a constant value. Finally, a 2.2 kW grid-connected single-phase HCH5-D2 PV inverter system’s MATLAB simulation is presented, showing better results compared to a traditional H4 inverter.
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Purwanto, Kunnu, Aditya Agus Wijayanto, Yudhi Ardiyanto, and Karisma Trinanda Putra. "Electrical Design of a Portable Pure Sine Wave Inverter Using Ferrite Core Transformer and Double Stage Technique." Journal of Electrical Technology UMY 7, no. 1 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jet.v7i1.17912.
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The size of the iron core transformer in an inverter is large and heavy because it has more conductor turns and works at low frequencies. In contrast, ferrite core transformers are designed to work at high frequencies, so the number of turns of the conductor is less, and the transformer size is relatively small and light. Device portability is a significant challenge in designing high-power inverters. This research uses a ferrite core transformer to design a portable pure sine wave inverter. A two-stage technique is proposed in designing the inverter so that the dc-link voltage and capacitor size can be flexibly selected, and the device size can be compacted. The design consists of two stages. First, a circuit to generate a 400-Volt DC voltage is designed using IC SG3525, a MOSFET power amplifier, and a ferrite core step-up transformer. Second, a pure sine wave generator circuit is constructed using an EGS002 module, MOSFETs, and a filter circuit. Experiments are performed by measuring the output voltage, monitoring power and frequency, and observing the waveform with an oscilloscope. The results reveal that the designed inverter can generate a 220-volt pure sine wave output, a maximum power of 500 Watts, a frequency of 50 Hz, and an efficiency between 91.4% to 98.1%.
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Alkhafaij, Mahdi abdulkhudur, Karunakumar Davala, P. B. Edwin Prabhakar, Subramania Bala Jeshurun, Al-Fatlawy Ramy Riad, and R. Senthil Kumar. "A PV-Powered Single Phase Seven-Level Inverter’s Photocurrent and Injected Power." E3S Web of Conferences 564 (2024): 05009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456405009.
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The PV inverter in this study is linked to the grid and its performance analysis is evaluated using a PI controller. It is a single phase multi-level PV inverter. The major objective of this research is to increase efficiency and eliminate harmonics caused by DC link voltage fluctuations created by Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) during foggy situations. PV inverters generate and inject actual power into the main grid. This study uses a transformer-less photovoltaic inverter to cut down on losses, cost, and size. A transformer-less multilayer inverter is described in this paper. There is no high-frequency leakage current since that inverter can distribute both actual and reactive electricity. MATLAB/Simulink software was used to analyze and assess the effects of various PV-based seven-level techniques on the device’s Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) performance.
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Ansari, Arsalan, Muhammad Dawood Idrees, Atif Jamil, Abdul Sami, and Ramesh Kumar. "Simplified Carrier-based PWM for Three-Level Transformer-Less Grid-connected Photovoltaic Inverters." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 14, no. 5 (2024): 16827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.8381.
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This article proposes a simple and efficient carrier-based Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique for three-level transformer-less grid-connected Photovoltaic (PV) inverters. The three-level inverter is prone to an inherent issue of unbalanced DC-link voltages, which, when used in conjunction with transformer-less grid-connected PV systems, gives rise to leakage currents. A simplified carrier-based PWM is proposed to carry out the DC-link voltage balancing and suppress the leakage current -Common Mode CM current CM- in transformer-less grid-connected inverters. The implementation of the proposed strategy is straightforward and does not require complex calculations, in contrast to space vector-based PWM techniques or multi-carrier modulation techniques. The operation of the PWM strategy is demonstrated through simulations and validated through experimental results.
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Al-Mamoori, Dalya Hamzah, Ayob Shahrin Md, and M. Saad Arif. "Single-stage transformer less multilevel boost inverter with zero leakage current for PV system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems 16, no. 1 (2025): 673–82. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i1.pp673-682.
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Transformer less inverters (TIs) are highly efficient and have a high power density, making them a popular choice for grid-connected solar PV applications. However, certain topologies can lead to high-frequency common-mode voltage (CMV), which can cause issues such as high leakage current, electromagnetic interference, and an absence of safety. Our newly developed inverter is designed to be more efficient, cost-effective, and compact than traditional types while also addressing the issue of leakage current. This architecture eliminates leakage current by directly connecting the grid's neutral terminal to the PV's negative polarity, resulting in a low leakage current. Moreover, the inverter increases output voltage using only one voltage source and a few power devices, making it a cost-effective solution. Its modular form allows for an increase in output levels, further enhancing its cost-effectiveness. We conducted a comprehensive mathematical examination, and the MATLAB/Simulink results demonstrate its ability to increase the output voltage, eliminate leakage current, and maintain acceptable output voltage THD and current waveforms. These results and the inverter's safety features showcase significant improvements over traditional inverters and provide a secure and reliable solution for grid-connected solar PV applications.
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Farzana Begum K, P Rajya Lakshmi. "Improved Harmonic Compensation Performance through Simulation-Based Transform Less HPF Using SSTL Inverter." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 3 (2023): 3229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i3.1578.
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Modern trends place a significant deal of attention on power quality and stability in distribution networks. The main cause of the PQ issue is the nonlinear loads, which result in current harmonics. It causes noise on the regulating and control circuit, which leads to incorrect operation of such equipment, and it causes considerable interaction with communications circuits along with AC Power line. This is one of the main problems with electricity quality. Using HPF in conjunction with the SSTL inverter, this power quality trouble can be reduced. HPFs can be connected straight to grid without the need for matching transformers by using smaller rating inverters and LC filters as part of their HPF design. Conversely, employing two converters results in a greater quantity of switches. The system is dependable, easy to use, and cost-effective when Transformer-less HPF with SSTL inverter is used to improve harmonic compensations in addition to harmonic compensation.
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Khan, M. N. H., M. H. Delwar, Md A. Kabir, et al. "Proposed PV Transformer-Less Inverter Topology Technique for Leakage Current Reduction." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 3 (2016): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i3.pp936-945.
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Importance and demand of using renewable energy is dramatically escalated globally. Hence, the use of renewable energy is going to touch in peak. This demand is varying according to the site choosing. For instance, Wind is preferable where air is following highly as well as solar recommended place is high sun ray reducing places. Especially, the renewable system is highly recommended for electrification issues where it’s possible to produce the electricity for fulfilling rural and remote areas electricity problem. The photovoltaic (PV) panel of connecting with transformer based system is popular where some limitations are occurred especially cost and weight. In contrast, in this paper is focusing these issues where the transformer-less inverter system is used. Here will discuss some transformer-based and transformer-less inverter topologies and the leakage current issue which is occurred when transformer-less inverter system is used. Moreover, here is proposed a topology for reducing the leakage current after doing switching technique in both 50% and 75% duty cycle where output voltage remains quite same.
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Gayatri, Mohanta. "Design of E-Type Asymmetric Multilevel Inverter." Journal of Emerging Trends in Electrical Engineering 5, no. 3 (2022): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7496217.
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<em>Traditional multilevel inverters have drawbacks such as the high number of power semiconductor switches required, huge capacitor banks, high switching losses, and so on. An updated envelope-type (E-type) MLI architecture is employed to work around these restrictions. Fewer components and a slower switching frequency are two advantages of this E-type Module. The 13-level output voltage is produced by the E-type asymmetric converter's usage of four differential DC sources and 10 switches. To get a clean, low-harmonic output voltage, the SHE modulation method is applied. In transformer-less traction drives, this E-type converter design will be implemented. Most modern electric railways employ induction motors for their electric propulsion. Induction motors are fed power through a connection that doesn't require a transformer. This converter-inverter setup takes in a single-phase AC power and converts it to DC, which is then inverted back into three-phase AC. The Induction motors will be powered by the output of an E-type multilevel inverter.</em>
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Imran, Mohammed, and Manjula Mane. "Comparative Study on Analysis of Losses and Leakage Current for Transformer-less Inverters for PV Applications: A Review." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 9 (2023): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55624.
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Abstract: The reduction in the Common Mode Voltage (CMV) and thermal losses in semiconductors play a crucial role in designing of a new transformer-less inverter topologies for solar powered applications. The galvanic isolation and the leakage current problem due to non-availability of transformer can be addressed either by providing additional switches on the dc side or on the ac side, but this results in more number of semiconductor devices being added into the conduction paths which are switched according to the desired output requirements which further results in high conduction and switching losses indirectly effecting the efficiency of the transformer-less inverters. Hence it is important to study the existing topologies in view of the total losses, CMV and leakage current parameters together. In this review paper H5, H6 and HERIC transformer-less inverter configurations in terms of CMV, Leakage current, Conduction and Switching losses as total losses have been analyzed using PSIM2022.2 simulation software package with the availability of the thermal module. The study of total losses with CMV and leakage current will help in noting the drawbacks of the topologies discussed in this paper.
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Anil, Tekale, Saha Radharaman, and Ghutke |. Swapna God Pratik. "Implementation of Fuzzy Based Grid Tied PV System for Single Phase Transformer less Inverter with Charge Pump Circuit Concept." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 4 (2019): 163–71. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23583.
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This paper proposes a implementation of a single phase transformer less photovoltaic inverter for grid connect PV system. We are developing new topology to eliminate the leakage current in which concept of charge pump circuit is introduced. In this paper, for controlling purpose we are utilizing Fuzzy Logic Controller. The neutral of the grid is directly connected to the negative polarity of the PV panel that creates a constant common mode voltage and zero leakage current. During the negative cycle, the charge pump circuit generates the negative output voltage of the proposed inverter. Therefore, according to the proportional resonant control strategy is used to control the injected current. There are various advantages of the proposed inverter they are the neutral of the grid is directly connected to the negative terminal of the PV panel, so the leakage current is eliminated, its compact size low cost the used dc voltage of the proposed inverter is the same as the full bridge inverter unlike neutral point clamped NPC , active NPC, and half bridge inverters flexible grounding configuration capability of reactive power flow and high efficiency. By using simulation result we can verify the concept of the proposed inverter and its practical application in grid tied PV systems. Anil Tekale | Radharaman Saha | Pratik Ghutke | Swapna God "Implementation of Fuzzy Based Grid-Tied PV System for Single Phase Transformer less Inverter with Charge Pump Circuit Concept" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23583.pdf
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Mounir, Bouzguenda, and Selmi Tarek. "Review of DC-AC converters for photovoltaic conversion chains." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (2021): 886–901. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp886-901.
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This paper is devoted to the state of the art in photovoltaic (PV) conversion chains and their architectures. Two major characteristics are considered to classify these chains. These are the galvanic isolation and the number of stages; characteristics generally localized around the DC-AC converter (inverter) at the end of the PV conversion chain. Therefore, this paper deals with a comprehensive review of the different inverter topologies that can be integrated into PV conversion chains, distinguishing between the transformer based and the transformer-less conversion chains. The paper demonstrates that to this date, transformer-based inverters are very common and widely used, have a long record of accomplishment as a component of solar energy systems, in particular for residential applications because of their greater efficiency, smaller size, and lower costs. Nevertheless, transformer-less chains are touted with some problems and shortcomings. Moreover, solar energy storage devices, wireless charging systems in stations and along the highways require the re-examination of the existing solar PV conversion chains, their architectures and possibly new conversion chains suitable for all distributed generation including electric cars and storage devices.
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Madasamy, P., Rajesh Verma, A. Rameshbabu, et al. "Neutral Point Clamped Transformer-Less Multilevel Converter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System." Electronics 10, no. 8 (2021): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10080977.
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Transformer-less (TL) inverter topologies have elicited further special treatment in photo-voltaic (PV) power system as they provide high efficiency and low cost. Neutral point clamped (NPC) multilevel-inverter (MLI) topologies-based transformer-less are being immensely used in grid-connected medium-voltage high-power claims. Unfortunately, these topologies such as NPC-MLI, full-bridge inverter with DC bypass (FB-DCBP) suffer from the shoot-through problem on the bridge legs, which affect the reliability of the implementation. Based on the previous above credits, a T type neutral point clamped (TNP)—MLI (TNP-MLI) with transformer-less topology called TL-TNP-MLI is presented to be an alternate which can be suitable in the grid-connected PV power generation systems. The suggested TL-TNP-MLI topologies free from inverter bridge legs shoot-through burden, switching frequency common-mode current (CMC), and leakage current. The control system of the grid interface with hysteresis current control (HCC) strategy is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed PV connected transformer-less TNP-MLI topology with different grid and PV scenario has been verified through the MATLAB/Simulink simulation model and field-programmable gate area (FPGA)-based experimental results for a 1.5 kW system.
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Al-Mamoori, Dalya Hamzah, Shahrin Md Ayob, and M. Saad Bin Arif. "Single-stage transformer less multilevel boost inverter with zero leakage current for PV system." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 16, no. 1 (2025): 673. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i1.pp673-682.
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Transformer less inverters (TIs) are highly efficient and have a high power density, making them a popular choice for grid-connected solar PV applications. However, certain topologies can lead to high-frequency common-mode voltage (CMV), which can cause issues such as high leakage current, electromagnetic interference, and an absence of safety. Our newly developed inverter is designed to be more efficient, cost-effective, and compact than traditional types while also addressing the issue of leakage current. This architecture eliminates leakage current by directly connecting the grid's neutral terminal to the PV's negative polarity, resulting in a low leakage current. Moreover, the inverter increases output voltage using only one voltage source and a few power devices, making it a cost-effective solution. Its modular form allows for an increase in output levels, further enhancing its cost-effectiveness. We conducted a comprehensive mathematical examination, and the MATLAB/Simulink results demonstrate its ability to increase the output voltage, eliminate leakage current, and maintain acceptable output voltage THD and current waveforms. These results and the inverter's safety features showcase significant improvements over traditional inverters and provide a secure and reliable solution for grid-connected solar PV applications.
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Bagawade, Snehal, and Majid Pahlevani. "Common-Mode Filter for Transformer-Less Split-Phase Neutral Grounded Inverter." Electronics 14, no. 5 (2025): 895. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14050895.
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A three-leg full-bridge inverter is conventionally used to generate split-phase AC voltage. If the neutral phase of such an inverter is grounded, then parasitic currents of significant magnitude appear in the ground circuit. This issue arises primarily due to the presence of high-frequency common-mode voltage between the output AC terminals and the DC-bus terminals. In this paper, split DC-bus capacitors are introduced in the conventional inverter circuit to attenuate the common-mode switching voltage. The addition of the capacitive filter forms a second-order low-pass filter for common-mode voltage and attenuates the magnitude of the switching-frequency component of common-mode voltage by around 40 dB. The proposed inverter is thereby able to generate a transformer-less neutral grounded split-phase AC voltage supply for an off-grid application. The simulation and experimental results of a 12 kW lab prototype are presented for verifying the proposed converter circuit topology.
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Mohammed Imran. "Enhanced Performance of Single-Phase Transformer less Inverter for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems with Leakage Current Reduction." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 39s (2025): 599–608. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i39s.7247.
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Single-phase transformer less inverters is increasingly popular for small-scale grid-linked photovoltaic systems because of their higher effectiveness, low cost, and higher power density. Nevertheless, leakage current remains a significant concern in these inverters. To overcome these challenge, this paper presents a Lotus effect optimization algorithm (LEA) for enhanced performance of single-phase transformer less inverter for grid-linked photovoltaic systems with leakage current reduction .The major goal of the proposed method is to minimize ground leakage current, reduce THD, and enhance overall system performance and efficiency.The LEA is used to optimize the control signal of the inverter. The proposed technique is executed on the MATLAB platform and compared with existing techniques like the Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MRFO), Chimp Optimization Algorithm (ChOA), and Improved Crayfish Optimization Algorithm (ICOA) to evaluate its performance. In contrast, existing methods demonstrate lower efficiency, with MRFO at approximately 96%, ChOA at approximately 91%, and COA at approximately 89%. This notable increase in efficiency underscores the superior performance and effectiveness of the proposed method, achieving approximately 99.5%, highlighting its enhanced capabilities compared to traditional approaches.
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Mahdee, Mahir, Chowdhury Mohammad Samir, Sunzidur Rahman, Md Shabuj Hossain, Ahmed Mortuza Saleque, and Md Abdur Rahman. "A Novel Transformer-less Grid Tie Inverter for Rooftop PV system." AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE) 16, no. 1 (2017): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v16i1.30.
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This paper presents a relatively new concept for the design and implementation of a grid-tie inverter for photo voltaic (PV) systems. The proposed method will eliminate the uses of battery pack hence overall cost of any PV project will be significantly reduced. As the output of any PV array varies with the variation of solar irradiance hence a boost converter with PID regulated variable duty cycle has been used to keep a constant input to the inverter. Multilevel inverter topology has been proposed for utility grid connectivity. The proposed design is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and a prototype is also implemented to verify the simulation results. The controllers are implemented in Arduino microcontroller board.
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Sundar, D. John, and M. Senthil Kumaran. "Common mode behavior in grid connected DC and AC decoupled PV Inverter topologies." Archives of Electrical Engineering 65, no. 3 (2016): 481–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aee-2016-0035.
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Abstract The transformer-less grid connected inverters are gaining more popularity due to their high efficiency, very low ground leakage current and economic feasibility especially in photovoltaic systems. The major issue which surfaces these systems is that of common mode leakage current which arises due to the absence of an electrical transformer connected between the inverter and the utility grid. Several topologies have evolved to reduce the impact of common mode leakage current and a majority of them have succeeded in eliminating the impacts and have well kept them within the limits of grid standards. This paper compares and analyses the impact of the common mode leakage current for four popular inverter configurations through simulation of the topologies such as H5, H6, HERIC and FBZVR inverters.
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Khan, M. N. H., K. J. Ahmad, M. S. Zahan, and M. N. Hasan. "Battery-Equivalent DC Supply from Leakage Current: PV to Transformer-less Inverter Topology." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 4 (2016): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i4.pp1193-1199.
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<p class="IEEEAbtract">Solar panels are highly used for electricity generation, which can be gotten through switching-based transformer-less inverters. Hence, grid system with no galvanic-isolation, is taking the peak level in the world, which is effective and delivers power with enhanced efficiency. The PV generation presented here is for stand-alone system installed in remote areas on when and as the resulting power gets connected to electronic load installation instead of being tied to the grid. In this paper will be discussed the use of leakage current. Transformer-less inverter topology for exploring the issue of common mode (CMV) voltage development, which can be utilized as a Battery-Equivalent DC Supply after adding on places as when found suitable for such installations.</p>
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Susheela, N., and P. Satish Kumar. "Performance evaluation and comparison of diode clamped multilevel inverter and hybrid inverter based on PD and APOD modulation techniques." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 8, no. 2 (2019): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v8.i2.pp143-153.
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<p>The popularity of multilevel inverters have increasing over the years in various applications without use of a transformer and has many benefits. This work presents the performance and comparative analysis of single phase diode clamped multilevel inverter and a hybrid inverter with reduced number of components. As there are some drawbacks of diode clamped multilevel inverter such as requiring higher number of components, PWM control method is complex and capacitor voltage balancing problem, an implementation of hybrid inverter that requires fewer components and less carrier signals when compared to conventional multilevel inverters is discussed. The performance of single phase diode clamped multilevel inverter and hybrid multilevel inverter for seven, nine and eleven levels is performed using phase disposition, alternate phase opposition disposition sinusoidal pulse width modulation techniques. Both the multilevel inverter are implemented for the above mentioned multicarrier based Pulse Width Modulation methods for R and R-L loads. The total harmonic distortion is evaluated at various modulation indices. The analysis of the multilevel inverters is done by simulation in matlab / simulink environment.</p>
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N., Susheela, and Satish Kumar P. "Performance evaluation and comparison of diode clamped multilevel inverter and hybrid inverter based on PD and APOD modulation techniques." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences (IJAAS) 8, no. 2 (2019): 143–53. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v8.i2.pp143-153.
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The popularity of multilevel inverters have increasing over the years in various applications without use of a transformer and has many benefits. This work presents the performance and comparative analysis of single phase diode clamped multilevel inverter and a hybrid inverter with reduced number of components. As there are some drawbacks of diode clamped multilevel inverter such as requiring higher number of components, PWM control method is complex and capacitor voltage balancing problem, an implementation of hybrid inverter that requires fewer components and less carrier signals when compared to conventional multilevel inverters is discussed. The performance of single phase diode clamped multilevel inverter and hybrid multilevel inverter for seven, nine and eleven levels is performed using phase disposition, alternate phase opposition disposition sinusoidal pulse width modulation techniques. Both the multilevel inverter are implemented for the above mentioned multicarrier based Pulse Width Modulation methods for R and R-L loads. The total harmonic distortion is evaluated at various modulation indices. Theanalysis of the multilevel inverters is done by simulation in matlab/simulink environment.
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Baldwin Immanuel, T., P. Muthukumar, C. Gnanavel, M. Rajavelan та M. Marimuthu. "Transformer less 1Φ Inverter for Grid-Connected PV Systems with an Optimized Control". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, № 3.34 (2018): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.34.18968.
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This paper investigates the transformerless single-phase inverter incorporates with the photovoltaic system along with the support of grid voltage. Solar Energy is a Non-Conventional Energy source which is mandatory for power generation due to their immeasurable parade and green pleasant nature. One-cycle control (OCC), Ruggedness and consistency which makes the interfacing with the grid easily. For grid interfacing, the inverter circuit does not need phase locked loop facility and are gradually being working for such solicitations. The strategy of the OCC inverter of one stage for solar PV applications is supported by means of a Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation to enhance inverter enactment at both low and high insolation levels. These factors allows the plan of a MPPT along P&O controller that pointedly progresses inverter playacting. Though, the OCC-based structures testified previous sensing of the grid voltage which slightly equalizers the strength of its characteristics, In order to dazed the restriction of prior researches, an One Cycle Control based grid-connected one-stage PV system is suggested. The sustainability of the suggested scheme is inveterate by performance simulation justification.
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Khan, Noman Habib. "Performance Analysis of Common Issues In the PV Transformer-Less Inverter Topology." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 1, no. 1 (2018): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2016.1.1.15.
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The Photovoltaic (PV) Panel is part and parcel in recent time where it has been used in the electricity generation through either in Transformer based or Transformer-less inverter topology. To reduce the limitation of using transformer based system, no transformer topology is highly popular where the main and common issue is leakage current through parasitic capacitance. In this paper, main focusing issue is leakage current hence, a new topology is introduced and for leakage current reduction purposes, Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) has used as a switching combination and compared with another topology.
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Vosoughi Kurdkandi, Naser, Kazem Varesi, Jaber Fallah Ardashir, Wei Gao, Zhi Cao, and Chunting (Chris) Mi. "Transformer-Less Seven-Level Inverter with Triple Boosting Capability and Common Ground." Energies 17, no. 13 (2024): 3115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17133115.
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This paper proposes a single-phase, transformer-less, seven-level inverter that utilizes eight switches, three capacitors, and two diodes to produce seven voltage levels with triple boosting ability. The availability of the common-ground point eliminates the leakage current in PV applications. The proposed Transformer-Less Triple-Boosting Seven-Level Inverter (TLTB7LI) has the ability to feed different types of loads from non-unity to unity power factors. The voltage balancing of capacitors takes place naturally without the need for auxiliary circuits and complicated control strategies. This paper investigates the appropriateness of the proposed TLTB7LI for grid-connected application. The Peak Current Controller (PCC) is employed to generate the switching pulses and regulate the active/reactive power transfer between the converter and the output, which guarantees the high quality of injected current to the output. Moreover, the operational principles, its control technique, as well as the design procedure of the key components of the proposed inverter have been presented. The superiority of the proposed inverter over existing counterparts has been verified through comparative analysis. The simulation and experimental analysis validated the proper operation of the proposed TLTB7LI.
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Adam, Adil, Firat Kacar, and Cengiz Polat Uzunoglu. "Comparison between Cascaded H-Bridge and Neutral Point Clamped Topologies in Medium-Voltage Systems." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 23 (October 22, 2024): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23201.2024.23.13.
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Medium voltage motor drives (MVD) come in various topologies that allow designers to choose the best option for their application based on technical and economic considerations. The Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) and Cascade H-Bridge (CHB) are the most particular topologies that have come to the fore. CHB and NPC MVD's primary operating principles, switching stress, topological complexity, and harmonic distortion of the inverter output will be presented in this article, along with a brief review of suitable modules. Even though the number of parts in a cascaded inverter is lower than that of a neutral point-clamped inverter, it has been demonstrated that the stress on the switches in both types of inverters is the same and that the resulting output waveforms are nearly identical in terms of harmonic distortion. The neutral point clamped topology requires less secondary winding from the transformer, fewer voltage-balancing capacitors, the same quantity of switches, and extra clamping diodes. Benefits of NPC include high-power-density inverters, enhanced output quality, reduced number of components, reduced heat losses, increased efficiency, elimination of commonmode voltages and currents thanks to an isolation transformer, and a remote transformer that allows for a more adaptable footprint. Additionally, the NPC drive rectifier system (Transformer and diode H-bridges) has the advantage of more simplicity, ease of assembly, fewer connections, fewer space requirements, and an expensive isolation transformer. The MATLAB simulation for both topologies was carried out, with 3 phase motor 3.8kV, 150 KW motor parameters.
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Ahamad, Isarar, Atif Iqbal, Majed A. Alotaibi, Hasmat Malik, Fausto Pedro García Márquez, and Asyraf Afthanorhan. "Packed U Cell Seven Level and Five Level Inverter Topologies for Renewable Energy Applications." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 9, no. 4 (2024): 881–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.4.046.
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The multilevel inverter (MLI) is a power electronic circuit applied for power and voltage applications. It has the advantages of minimum total harmonic distortion (THD), less voltage stress on the switching devices, fewer switching losses, and a smaller size of passive filters. These high-level inverters are applied in applications like AC drives, FACTS, and in the field of renewable energy. There are various inverters for such applications. A PUC multilevel inverter contains fewer components, fewer switching losses, and easy-to-balance voltage on capacitor sides. In this paper, the performance of the transformer less seven-level inverter and the five-level inverter is analyzed. The sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) has been used with this PUC-based structure. The new control strategy is designed to reduce harmonic contents and low filter ratings. A relative analysis is carried out to focus on the superiority of the recently developed packed U-cell topology. The performance of packed U-cell, seven-level, and five-level inverters has been compared. These types of inverters consist of two power switches and a single capacitor to make this inverter effective. The PUC 7 inverter contains a lot of sensors and other control components to balance the voltage on the capacitor side by one-third of the input voltage, so the structure becomes complex. While PUC 5 is sensor less technology, there is no voltage balancing issue and no complexity found in this inverter. In PUC5, the only level is low, but it is very easy to interface with grids and other devices. So it is the most preferable as compared to PUC7. The performance analyses of these inverters have been verified through simulation.
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Bouzguenda, Mounir, and Tarek Selmi. "Review of DC-AC converters for photovoltaic conversion chains." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 2 (2021): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i2.pp886-901.
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<span lang="EN-US">This paper is devoted to the state of the art in photovoltaic (PV) conversion chains and their architectures. Two major characteristics are considered to classify these chains. These are the galvanic isolation and the number of stages; characteristics generally localized around the DC-AC converter (inverter) at the end of the PV conversion chain. Therefore, this paper deals with a comprehensive review of the different inverter topologies that can be integrated into PV conversion chains, distinguishing between the transformer based and the transformer-less conversion chains. The paper demonstrates that to this date, transformer-based inverters are very common and widely used, have a long record of accomplishment as a component of solar energy systems, in particular for residential applications because of their greater efficiency, smaller size, and lower costs. Nevertheless, transformer-less chains are touted with some problems and shortcomings. Moreover, solar energy storage devices, wireless charging systems in stations and along the highways require the re-examination of the existing solar PV conversion chains, their architectures and possibly new conversion chains suitable for all distributed generation including electric cars and storage devices.</span>
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Sumathi, Dr S. "Transformer less Z - Source Inverter using Grid Connected PV System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 8, no. 5 (2020): 3025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2020.5506.
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Gerardo, Vázquez-Guzmán, Martínez-Rodríguez Pánfilo Raymundo, and Sosa-Zúñiga José Miguel. "High Efficiency Single-Phase Transformer-less Inverter for Photovoltaic Applications." Ingeniería, Investigación y Tecnología 16, no. 2 (2015): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.riit.2015.03.002.
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SHAYESTEGAN, Mohsen. "Overview of grid-connected two-stage transformer-less inverter design." Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 6, no. 4 (2018): 642–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40565-017-0367-z.
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Kumar, Vinayak, and Ruchi Agarwal. "Single stage transformer less multilevel inverter for solar PV application." Computers and Electrical Engineering 123 (April 2025): 110243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2025.110243.
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B Mohan Rao. "Power Flow Analysis Using Fuzzy for Single Phase Transformer Less PV System Connected with a Nine-Level Converter." Journal of Electrical Systems 20, no. 7s (2024): 1277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/jes.3698.
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Power electronics technology advancements and growing environmental concerns worldwide have made photovoltaic (PV) systems more visible in distributed generation systems. Photovoltaics, or solar PV, is an important component of solar energy for generating electricity. Grid-connected inverters must be able to regulate the amount of power they inject into the grid, track maximum power points, be highly efficient, and inject currents into the grid with minimal harmonic distortion. Two step-down converters were used to construct an inverter without a single-phase transformer. This study investigates two multi-sequence inverter types that use different voltages and are based on single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) technology. A new nine-level grid-connected transformer-less photovoltaic converter was proposed in this study. MATLAB was used to construct the complicated FFT simulation using fuzzy logic controls. Analyzing efficiency through simulation in order to enhance efficiency. This work aims to replace PI controllers with fuzzy controlled systems so that single-stage operation can be improved with reduced switches in an economic manner. An improvement of 10% over the existing system is achieved by implementing fuzzy computing.
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R. Balamurugan, C., and K. Vijayalakshmi. "Comparative Analysis of Various Z-source Based Five Level Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 7, no. 1 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v7i1.656.
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Z-source based multilevel inverters are the recent topologies as they have boosting ability and near sinusoidal output waveforms. This paper proposes different inverter topologies such as Z-source multilevel inverter and quasi Z-source multilevel inverter. This paper also deals with switched inductor and improved switched inductor topologies with quasi Z-network. The proposed switched inductor system reduces the voltage stresses caused by capacitors, power devices and diodes. In addition to multilevel inverter advantages, the proposed configuration employs Z-source inverter advantages. The Z-source inverter as compared to the traditional inverter is less costly, less complex, more efficient and more reliable. The performance of the proposed configurations is analysed by varying passive elements in impedance network and is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Phase disposition (PD) pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is applied on the proposed configurations and performance parameters are measured by the fast Fourier transform FFT analysis. The object of this paper is to develop an inverter which is used for variable speed drives with increase in output voltage by eliminating transformer and filter circuit. The performance is checked with standared parameter of the inverter.
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C., R. Balamurugan, and Vijayalakshmi K. "Comparative Analysis of Various Z-source Based Five Level Cascaded H-bridge Multilevel Inverter." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 7, no. 1 (2018): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v7i1.656.
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Z-source based multilevel inverters are the recent topologies as they have boosting ability and near sinusoidal output waveforms. This paper proposes different inverter topologies such as Z-source multilevel inverter and quasi Z-source multilevel inverter. This paper also deals with switched inductor and improved switched inductor topologies with quasi Z-network. The proposed switched inductor system reduces the voltage stresses caused by capacitors, power devices and diodes. In addition to multilevel inverter advantages, the proposed configuration employs Z-source inverter advantages. The Z-source inverter as compared to the traditional inverter is less costly, less complex, more efficient and more reliable. The performance of the proposed configurations is analysed by varying passive elements in impedance network and is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Phase disposition (PD) pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is applied on the proposed configurations and performance parameters are measured by the fast Fourier transform FFT analysis. The object of this paper is to develop an inverter which is used for variable speed drives with increase in output voltage by eliminating transformer and filter circuit. The performance is checked with standared parameter of the inverter.
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MUSSA AL-MAMOORI, DALYA HAMZAH, Shahrin Md Ayob, Ali A. Abdullah Albakry, and Razman Ayop. "A Five-Level Common-Ground Inverter with Dynamic Voltage Boost and Fewer Elements for Photovoltaic Applications." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 23, no. 2 (2024): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v23n2.516.
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Transformer-less multilevel inverters (TL-MLIs) are the subject of recent research due to their high-voltage or high-power capacity to convert low-voltage output from renewable energy sources into the desired output. They are also less expensive and smaller than traditional varieties. Nevertheless, leakage current is a common problem with these inverters. The proposed inverter aims to address this issue to the maximum extent possible. In the proposed inverter structure, there is a common ground for the input and output terminals. As a result, the overall common mode voltage (CMV) remains constant. This common ground feature short-circuits the Photovoltaic (PV) source to the grid parasitic capacitor, resulting in negligible leakage current. Furthermore, the proposed inverter boosts output voltage using the least amount of power devices and a single voltage source. The proposed inverter can be used modularly, increasing the number of output levels that can be achieved. The simulation results from MATLAB/Simulink and the conclusion of the mathematical analysis for the proposed inverter are shown. The results also demonstrate the output voltage boost capability, zero leakage current, and an appropriate total harmonic distortion for the output voltage and current waveforms.