Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transgas'

Submitted by Caroline Falcao (caroline.rfalcao@ufpe.br) on 2016-05-31T14:53:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) 39S777t Dissertação.pdf: 36580866 bytes, checksum: 55ece756d69d980691098e484437a80c (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-31T14:53:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) 39S777t Dissertação.pdf: 36580866 bytes, checksum: 55ece756d69d980691098e484437a80c (MD5) Previous issue date: 1988<br>O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar o processo de aquisição da glossolalia através da observação dos papéis que esta exerce dentro de grupos pentecostais. Inicialmente buscamos compreender se sua aquisição relacionava-se com aprendizagem pura e simples de padrão lingüístico levando os simpatizantes a adquiri-la mais ou menos rapidamente (Goodman, 1974). Como segunda etapa compreendemos que não era simples o padrão comportamental que deveria ser adquirido pelos membros e passamos a investigar como se processava a aquisição deste complexo padrão comportamental que inclui o fenômeno de glossolalia (Hine, 1969 e 1974). A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em dois grupos pentecostais de origem religiosa diferente: um protestante, outro católico Trabalhamos com os grupos comparando-os quanto aos seguintes aspectos: formação e condição histórica, organização e relação de todos os aspectos institucionais com o fenômeno em estudo. Durante alguns meses assistimos como observador participante as mais variadas atividades dos grupos visando observar sistematicamente as diversas formas de manifestação do fenômeno. Foram entrevistados "falantes" (g1ossolálicos de ambos os grupos) Quanto ao primeiro objetivo da pesquisa, as observações indicaram, embora não tenhamos procedido a análises linguísticas profundas, a inexistência de padrões lingüísticos que justificassem a rápida aquisição do fenômeno. Em relação ao segundo, nossas conclusões apontam para: representar a glossolalia um traço de comportamento cultural apreendido por processo de aprendizagem; está incluída dentro de um padrão comportamental complexo que, por sua vez, desenvolveu-se de modo diferente em cada um dos grupos e de acordo com o contexto institucional; e, Por fim, que é adquirida pelo indivíduo como forma de assemelhar-se (identificar-se), com o padrão grupal. Concluímos ainda que o indivíduo passa por uma reestruturação cognitiva no processo, que altera sua auto-imagem modelando a identidade como pentecostal.

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2018-02-01T21:09:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2013_Claudio Aurelio Leal Dias Filho.pdf: 1109774 bytes, checksum: 363e1ecc5724ba085859933e6e0fbc15 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-02-02T14:20:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2013_Claudio Aurelio Leal Dias Filho.pdf: 1109774 bytes, checksum: 363e1ecc5724ba085859933e6e0fbc15 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-02T14:20:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2013_Claudio Aurelio Leal Dias Filho.pdf: 1109774 bytes, checksum: 363e1ecc5724ba085859933e6e0fbc15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-11<br>O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar como a ocupação da Amazônia brasileira na década de 70 foi abordada no filme Iracema Uma Transa amazônica, de Jorge Bodansky e Orlando Senna. A análise está relacionada às teorias culturais e análises históricas do período da ditadura militar. Esse viés possibilita um debate sobre as representações da identidade cultural e os conflitos ocorridos dentro desse processo que marcou a história recente do Brasil. O filme é tratado como um documento histórico, um elemento de produção e reprodução de determinados valores culturais e políticos vigentes na sociedade.<br>This study aims to analyze how the occupation of Brazilian Amazonia in the 70s was addressed in the film “Iracema Uma Transa Amazônica of Jorge Bodansky and Orlando Senna. The analysis is related to cultural theory and historical analyzes of the period of the military dictatorship. This bias allows a discussion of the representations of cultural identity and the conflicts that occurred within that process that marked the recent history of Brazil. The film is treated as a historical document, an element of production and reproduction of certain cultural and political values prevailing in society.

The thesis develops and documents a workflow for applying TRANSIMS to the analysis of Developments of Regional Impact (DRI). The proposed workflow will consider perspectives of both the transportation agency responsible for the evaluating the DRI and the transportation engineer responsible for performing the analysis. TRANSIMS offers a comprehensive framework for managing inputs and outputs that follow a transportation planning workflow. Not a single, monolithic software application, TRANSIMS is a suite of 65 small, light-weight, single-task tools for creating and manipulating GIS shape files and SQL data base files, estimating the elements of a four-step transportation modeling process, and computing link and vehicle delays for a given transportation network. Current analysis techniques for developments of regional impact require that the analyst apply arbitrary or non-repeatible estimates for trip assignments at the regional level. Because of the modular nature of the TRANSIMS, implementing each DRI as a layer in the GIS data base will permit the mixing and matching of multiple DRI within a local area, permitting a risk-based approach to the evaluation of multiple DRI, any of which may or may not actually happen. This thesis focuses exclusively on the review of DRI analysis techniques, review of TRANSIMS modules, and development of a proposed DRI workflow within the TRANSIMS framework.

The search for extrasolar planets is strongly motivated by the goal of characterizing how frequent habitable worlds and life may be within the Galaxy. Whilst much effort has been spent on searching for Earth-like planets, large moons may also be common, temperate abodes for life as well. The methods to detect extrasolar moons, or “exomoons” are more subtle than their planetary counterparts and in this thesis I aim to provide a method to find such bodies in transiting systems, which offer the greatest potential for detection. Before one can search for the tiny perturbations to the planetary signal, an understanding of the planetary transit must be established. Therefore, in Chapters 3 to 5 I discuss the transit model and provide several new insights. Chapter 4 presents new analytic expressions for the times of transit minima and the transit duration, which will be critical in the later search for exomoons. Chapter 5 discusses two sources of distortion to the transit signal, namely blending (with a focus on the previously unconsidered self-blending scenario) and light curve smearing due to long integration times. I provide methods to compensate for both of these effects, thus permitting for the accurate modelling of the planetary transit light curve. In Chapter 6, I discuss methods to detect exomoons through their gravitational influence on the host planet, giving rise to transit timing and duration variations (TTV and TDV). The previously known TTV effect is updated with a new model and the associated critical problems are outlined. I then predict a new effect, TDV, which solves these problems, making exomoon detection viable. Chapter 7 presents a feasibility study for detecting habitable-zone exomoons with Kepler, where it is found that moons down to 0.2M⊕ are detectable. Finally, conclusions and future work are discussed in Chapter 8.

La violence des femmes la plus evidente est la violence culturelle, c'est-adire leurs manquements a leur role naturel, celui que leur dicte la pudeur sociale. Mais il existe d'autres formes de violences feminines, qui sont simplement le plus souvent le fait des femmes ce sont celles qui s'exercent sur le develop♭ pement moral du jeune enfant, conditionnant la transmission des valeurs de la societe qui doit l'accueillir, par les educatrices qui en ont la charge. De la liberte d'action dont elles disposent, depend leur possibilite d'opter pour un dressage precoce, inculquant la loi avant que ne puissent s'elaborer des regles d'ethique personnelles, ou de laisser la latitude a l'enfant de jouir de la de♭ couverte primordiale du monde et de se creer ainsi des regles qui lui permettrons d'apprendre cette loi sans remettre en cause ses propres convictions. Moins leur liberte est grande plus se transmet violemment suivant la premiere modalite leur absence de libre arbitre. C'est ainsi que la violence feminine fabrique des citoyens vecteurs euxmemes d'une violence qui altere l'individu sans inquieter les fondements de la societe. Aussi les enfants maltraites sont-ils particulierement susceptibles d'etre impuissants a arreter cette violence.

TRANSIMS (Transportation Analysis and Simulation System) developed at the Los Alamos National Laboratory, is an integrated system of travel forecasting models designed to give transportation planners accurate and complete information on traffic impacts, congestion, and pollution. TRANSIMS is a micro-simulation model which uses census data to generate a synthetic population and assigns activities using activity survey data to each person of every household of the synthetic population. The synthetic households generated from the census data are matched with the survey households based on their demographic characteristics. The activities of the survey household individuals are then assigned to the individuals of the matched synthetic households. The CART algorithm is used to match the households. With the use of CART algorithm a classification tree is built for the activity survey households based on some dependent and independent variables from the demographic data. The TRANSIMS model assumes activity times as dependent variables for building the classification tree. <p> The topic of this research is to compare the TRANSIMS approach of using times spent in executing the activities as dependent variables, compared to match the alternative of using travel times for trips between activities as dependent variables i.e. to use the travel time pattern instead of activity time pattern to match the persons in the survey households with the synthetic households. Thus assuming that if the travel time patterns are the same then we can match the survey households to the synthetic population i.e. people with similar demographic characteristics tend to have similar travel time patterns.<p> The algorithm of the Activity Generator module along with the original set of dependent variables, were first used to generate a base case scenario. Further tests were carried out using an alternative set of dependent variables in the algorithm. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out to test the affect of different sets of dependent variables in generating activities using the algorithm of the Activity Generator. The thesis also includes a detailed documentation of the results from all the tests.<br>Master of Science

Nous avons fait une etude sur les etapes de la realisation en france de l'interfonctionnement de numeris avec transpac, etape fondamentale du developpement du rnis. Il s'agit d'offrir, d'abord, aux abonnes de numeris, equipes de terminaux x25, un acces au reseau transpac via le canal b. Pour offrir ce meme service aux usagers equipes de terminaux v24, une passerelle d'interfonctionnement, supportant les protocoles v120 et/ou v110 et eventuellement la fonction pad est necessaire dans le point d'acces a transpac. Comme cette passerelle n'est pas disponible actuellement et vu l'importance de la concentration de terminaux pour les entreprises, nous avons propose un serveur d'applications permettant d'offrir a des terminaux v24, raccordes a un pabx numerique, l'acces a transpac, via numeris, en mode paquet. Pour les petites installations, l'acces par le canal b represente une mauvaise utilisation des ressources du rnis car il requiert un canal par terminal. La solution proposee par le ccitt est d'utiliser aussi le canal d de signalisation pour le transport de donnees. Une telle utilisation serait, dans notre cas, particulierement interessante car elle permet d'accroitre la simultaneite des echanges. Cette these propose une architecture logicielle pour notre serveur qui est facile a implementer dans les memes conditions et permettant d'utiliser le canal d

The maritime environment is one of the harshest and most dangerous in which to work, particularly for professional users (e.g. military and rescue services). The aims of this research were to: a) investigate the effects of marine transits conducted in high speed craft (HSC) on the subsequent physical performance of military passengers, b) assess mitigation techniques to limit any degradation in human physical performance.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:47:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SilviaMDM_DISSERT.pdf: 1535044 bytes, checksum: 925f2f885f42335d55c35aa64bb4d026 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-17<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior<br>The Multiobjective Spanning Tree is a NP-hard Combinatorial Optimization problem whose application arises in several areas, especially networks design. In this work, we propose a solution to the biobjective version of the problem through a Transgenetic Algorithm named ATIS-NP. The Computational Transgenetic is a metaheuristic technique from Evolutionary Computation whose inspiration relies in the conception of cooperation (and not competition) as the factor of main influence to evolution. The algorithm outlined is the evolution of a work that has already yielded two other transgenetic algorithms. In this sense, the algorithms previously developed are also presented. This research also comprises an experimental analysis with the aim of obtaining information related to the performance of ATIS-NP when compared to other approaches. Thus, ATIS-NP is compared to the algorithms previously implemented and to other transgenetic already presented for the problem under consideration. The computational experiments also address the comparison to two recent approaches from literature that present good results, a GRASP and a genetic algorithms. The efficiency of the method described is evaluated with basis in metrics of solution quality and computational time spent. Considering the problem is within the context of Multiobjective Optimization, quality indicators are adopted to infer the criteria of solution quality. Statistical tests evaluate the significance of results obtained from computational experiments<br>A ?rvore Geradora Multiobjetivo ? um problema de Otimiza??o Combinat?ria NP-?rduo. Esse problema possui aplica??o em diversas ?reas, em especial, no projeto de redes. Nesse trabalho, prop?e-se uma solu??o para o problema em sua vers?o biobjetivo por meio de um Algoritmo Transgen?tico, denominado ATIS-NP. A Transgen?tica Computacional ? uma t?cnica metaheur?stica da Computa??o Evolucion?ria cuja inspira??o est? na coopera??o (e n?o na competi??o) como fator de maior influ?ncia para a evolu??o. O algoritmo proposto ? a evolu??o de um trabalho que j? originou dois outros algoritmos transgen?ticos. Nesse sentido, os algoritmos previamente desenvolvidos tamb?m s?o apresentados. Essa pesquisa compreende ainda uma an?lise experimental que visa obter informa??es quanto ao desempenho do ATIS-NP quando comparado a outros algoritmos. Para tanto, o ATIS-NP ? comparado aos dois algoritmos anteriormente implementados, bem como a outro transgen?tico proposto na literatura para o problema tratado. Os experimentos computacionais abrangem ainda a compara??o do algoritmo desenvolvido a duas abordagens recentes da literatura que obt?m excelentes resultados, um GRASP e um gen?tico. A efici?ncia do m?todo apresentado ? avaliada com base em medidas de qualidade de solu??o e tempo computacional despendido. Uma vez que o problema se insere no contexto da Otimiza??o Multiobjetivo, indicadores de qualidade s?o utilizados para inferir o crit?rio de qualidade de solu??es obtidas. Testes estat?sticos avaliam a signific?ncia dos resultados obtidos nos experimentos computacionais

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:54:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MaristelaTH.pdf: 1199381 bytes, checksum: 3ac5475d7ab0bbef50336ba75e95c88e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-09<br>&#65279;In order to guarantee database consistency, a database system should synchronize operations of concurrent transactions. The database component responsible for such synchronization is the scheduler. A scheduler synchronizes operations belonging to different transactions by means of concurrency control protocols. Concurrency control protocols may present different behaviors: in general, a scheduler behavior can be classified as aggressive or conservative. This paper presents the Intelligent Transaction Scheduler (ITS), which has the ability to synchronize the execution of concurrent transactions in an adaptive manner. This scheduler adapts its behavior (aggressive or conservative), according to the characteristics of the computing environment in which it is inserted, using an expert system based on fuzzy logic. The ITS can implement different correctness criteria, such as conventional (syntactic) serializability and semantic serializability. In order to evaluate the performance of the ITS in relation to others schedulers with exclusively aggressive or conservative behavior, it was applied in a dynamic environment, such as a Mobile Database Community (MDBC). An MDBC simulator was developed and many sets of tests were run. The experimentation results, presented herein, prove the efficiency of the ITS in synchronizing transactions in a dynamic environment<br>&#65279;Para garantir a consist?ncia do banco de dados, um sistema de banco de dados deve sincronizar as opera??es das transa??es concorrentes executadas sobre esse banco. O componente do sistema de banco de dados respons?vel por tal sincroniza??o ? o escalonador. O escalonador sincroniza opera??es de diferentes transa??es atrav?s dos protocolos de controle de concorr?ncia. Os protocolos de controle de concorr?ncia podem apresentar diferentes comportamentos: em geral, esse comportamento do escalonador pode ser classificado como agressivo ou conservador. Esta tese apresenta o Escalonador Inteligente de Transa??es (EIT), o qual tem a habilidade de sincronizar a execu??o das transa??es concorrentes de maneira adaptativa. Este escalonador adapta seu comportamento (agressivo ou conservador) de acordo com as caracter?sticas do ambiente computacional onde est? inserido, usando um sistema especialista baseado em l?gica fuzzy. O EIT foi desenvolvido para trabalhar com protocolos baseados nos crit?rios de corretude de serializabilidade convencional e serializabilidade sem?ntica. Para avaliar o desempenho do EIT em rela??o aos escalonadores com comportamento exclusivamente conservador ou agressivo, ele foi usado em um ambiente din?mico, uma Comunidade de Banco de Dados M?veis (MDBC Mobile Database Community). Foi implementado um simulador de MDBC e um conjunto de testes foi executado. Os resultados obtidos provaram a efici?ncia do EIT, um escalonador inteligente, quando utilizado em um ambiente din?mico de banco de dados

Weaving is defined as the crossing of two or more traffic streams traveling in the same direction along a significant length of the highway without the aid of traffic control devices. The traditional methods used for the design and operational analysis of a highway is the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM). These traditional methods in the manual use road geometry and traffic volumes as input and provide an estimate of the speed as an output. TRANSIMS is a new computer simulation package in transportation that can be used as an analysis as well as a planning tool. The Microsimulator in TRANSIMS deals with the actual simulation of traffic on roadways. The intent of this research is to evaluate TRANSIMS Microsimulator and compare it with the traditional Highway Capacity Manual in modeling the weaving sections on a freeway and make recommendations. This research will also compare the modeling strategy and provide analysis of the output.<br>Master of Science

The technique of searching for extra-solar planetary transits is investigated. This technique, which relies on detecting the brief, shallow eclipses caused by planets passing across the line of sight to the primary star, requires high-precision time-series photometry of large numbers of stars in order to detect these statistically rare events. Observations of ~ 18000 stars in the field including the intermediate-age open cluster NGC 6819 are presented. This target field contrasts with the stellar environment surveyed by the radial velocity technique, which concentrates on the Solar neighbourhood. I present the data-reduction techniques used to obtain high-precision photometry in a semi-automated fashion for tens of thousands of stars at a time, together with an algorithm designed to search the resulting lightcurves for the transit signatures of hot Jupiter type planets. I describe simulations designed to test the detection efficiency of this algorithm and, for comparison, predict the number of transits expected from this data, assuming that hot Jupiter planets similar to HD 209458 are as common in the field of NGC 6819 as they are in the Solar neighbourhood. While no planetary transits have yet been identified, the detection of several very low amplitude eclipses by stellar companions demonstrates the effectiveness of the method. This study also indicates that stellar activity and particularly blending are significant causes of false detections. A useful additional consequence of studying this time-series photometry is the census it provides of some of the variable stars in the field. I report on the discovery of a variety of newly-discovered variables, including Algol-type detached eclipsing binaries which are likely to consist of M-dwarf stars. Further study of these stars is strongly recommended in order to help constrain models of stellar structure at the very low mass end. I conclude with a summary of this work in the context of other efforts being made in this field and recommend promising avenues of further study.

This study investigated American arms transfer policy in the Middle East from 1960 to 1990. Five independent hypotheses have been formulated using explanations for arms transfers drawn from the academic theoretical literature on international relations as well as policy and popular interpretations. The dissertation tested all five hypotheses for their respective explanatory power in understanding United States arms transfers to the Middle East during a key thirty-year period, using a mix of techniques including a comprehensive overview of each factor, historical and objective grounding for each factor and a systematic inquiry using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The five individual hypotheses focus on Soviet arms transfers to the region, the regional balance of power, the "Israeli factor," the Arab-Israeli peace process and the "Oil factor". Data was collected to test each of these hypotheses. The results include the following: a modest action-reaction pattern in superpower arms transfer to the region does exist, with more support for a US reactionary policy to the Soviet Union than the opposite; US transferred arms to the hegemon's challengers to maintain a balance of power system in the Middle East; US arms transfers to Arab states were not strongly related as leads to US arms transfers to Israel; it was found that US peace attempts are moderately correlated with US arms transfers to the involved states; and, finally US arms transfers were strongly correlated with the oil factor. The dissertation concluded that political considerations and economic factors are equally salient depending on the type of cases studied. The results provided insights on the multiple explanations for understanding United States arms transfer policies to the Middle East and produced findings that will have policy implications for policy toward a volatile region of the world in the post-Cold War era, as well as for our understanding of a key component of United States foreign policy in general.

En mesurant la vitesse radiale de l'étoile 51-Peg en 1995, Michel Mayor et Didier Queloz ont identifié pour la première fois une planète en dehors du système solaire, ou exoplanète. Depuis 12 ans, un formidable élan a amené le décompte des découvertes au-delà de 240. C'est désormais la caractérisation (rayon, densité, composition atmosphérique) qui est possible et qui motive cette thèse théorique et instrumentale. La recherche et l'étude des planètes en transit devant leur étoile revêtant une importance particulière, je présente tout d'abord dans cette thèse un simulateur de programmes de recherche de transits, destiné à la prédiction puis à l'interprétation scientifique de leurs résultats. Ce simulateur est utilisé en particulier pour prédire les événements attendus par la mission CoRoT en termes de planètes détectables et de "faux" transits. Les projets futurs de photométrie de planètes en transit devront permettre le suivi de planètes plus petites, ou la détection d'un très grand nombre d'objets. Une alternative à l'espace pour la photométrie des transits pourrait être dans ce cadre le site du Dôme C, en Antarctique. Je fais l'état du développement du projet A STEP, que j'ai proposé au cours de ma thèse, visant à caractériser la précision photométrique que l'on peut atteindre au Dôme C dès la nuit australe 2008. D'autres techniques de détection et de caractérisation d'exoplanètes sont complémentaires des transits. Je présente une méthode spectropolarimétrique pour détecter la lumière diffusée par l'atmosphère des exoplanètes, susceptible de caractériser leur albédo en lumière visible et leur taux de polarisation, indicatifs de leur composition atmosphérique. J'expose ensuite le concept du coronographe CIAXE : achromatique par nature, il conserve ses performances sur une large bande spectrale et pourrait être mis en place sur les projets futurs de détection d'exoplanètes. La méthode des transits nous permet progressivement de comprendre la formation et l'évolution des planètes. D'autres techniques sont nécessaires pour détecter des planètes à longue période correspondant aux critères - terriens - d"habitabilité". Nous pourrons ainsi déterminer si le système solaire, et plus encore la Terre, sont des cas communs, rares, ou même uniques dans la Galaxie<br>By measuring the radial velocity of the star 51-Peg in 1995. Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz identified for the first time a planet outside of the solar System, or exoplanet. The last 12 years have seen the discovery of over 240 exoplanets. The characterization of these planets (radius, density. Atmospheric composition) is now possible and motivates this theoretical and instrumental thesis. Because the search for planets in transit in front of their star and their study is of particular importance. I first present a Simulator of transit search missions, dedicated to the prediction and to the scientific interpretation of their results. This Simulator is in particular used to predict the yield of CoRoT mission in terms of detectable planets and "false" transits. Future photometric projects aimed at transiting planets will have to allow a follow-up of smaller planets. Or the detection of a very large number of planets. An alternative to space for transit photometry could then be the Dome C site, in Antarctica. I present the A STEP project. Its status and perspectives. A STEP will quantify the photometric accuracy at the Dome C site beginning in the Antarctic winter 2008. Other detection techniques are complementary to transits. I present a spetropolarimetric method to detect the light scattered by the atmosphere of exoplanets. In order to characterize their visible albedo and their polarization ratio, indicators of their atmospheric compositions. I then describe the CIAXE coronagraph : achromatic by nature, it keeps its performances on a large spectral band and could be inserted in future exoplanet detections projects. Transit method allows us to understand planetary formation and evolution, but other techniques are necessary to detect planets at longer periods that could harbour life. Considering earth-known criteria. We will then be able to determine if the Solar System, and furthermore the Earth. Are cornmon. Rare, or even unique in the Galaxy

Le transit sedimentaire dans les passes internes du bassin d'arcachon a ete etudie par le biais des dunes tidales. Cinq campagnes de geophysique ont permis de cartographier la repartition et la polarite des dunes a long terme. L'interpretation des donnees montre que la repartition des dunes suit une evolution saisonniere. En periode estivale, les formes a polarite de jusant sont dominantes. Le bassin se trouve dans une situation de deficit sedimentaire. La semelle caillouteuse, sur laquelle evoluent les dunes tidales, affleure en de nombreux points. A l'inverse, en periode hivernale, les dunes de flot sont majoritaires. La semelle caillouteuse est largement recouverte par le sable qui penetre dans le bassin sous l'action combinee des forts vents de secteur nord-ouest a sud-est et des vives-eaux. Les dunes, situees dans les zones d'inversion du transit sedimentaire residuel, peuvent changer de polarite sur une periode de quelques semaines, du moins superficiellement. Une etude detaillee d'un corps sedimentaire a ete menee afin de mieux cerner les mecanismes de progradation des dunes. Les dunes se deplaceraient de 16 a 248 metres par an. Leur deplacement represente un transit de sable au niveau de la dune de 1,7 a 13,9 tonnes/jour/metre lineaire. Les taux de migration observes (sur un cycle mortes-eaux vives-eaux) compares aux taux predits (a partir des mesures de courant) donnent des resultats assez concordants

L’enseignement repose essentiellement sur l’interaction. Il importe donc de tenir compte des influences exercées par le discours sur les processus cognitifs de l’interlocuteur. La présente recherche vise à développer un dispositif servant à l’analyse du dialogue. Le dispositif mis en place devait permettre de voir comment deux locuteurs participant à un échange étaient susceptibles de s’influencer, d’une part en considérant les thématiques échangées, et d’autre part en prenant en compte les processus cognitifs mobilisés par chacun. Nous avons donc expérimenté le dispositif d’analyse développé sur un débat politique télévisé, un contexte propice aux jeux d’influence d’un locuteur sur un autre. Nous avons déterminé quelles thématiques et quels processus cognitifs mobilisés par l’un ont influencé les thématiques et processus cognitifs mis de l’avant par l’autre locuteur. Nous avons analysé le discours en employant le logiciel Tropes de manière à permettre une analyse logico-discursive (Ghiglione, Landré, Bromberg et Molette, 1998). Ainsi, nous avons cherché à déceler entre autres la présence de modalisateurs d’intensité, montrant la présence d’émotions dans le discours, de divers modes et temps verbaux, de connecteurs, etc. Le choix des mots a ensuite été mis en relation avec le type des processus cognitifs mobilisés (Buysse, 2012). Nous avons aussi mis cela en lien avec les thématiques véhiculées dans le discours. Nous avons pu démontrer que notre dispositif permettait effectivement d’analyser les thématiques et processus cognitifs mobilisés par chaque locuteur, en plus de permettre de voir l’influence d’un locuteur sur l’autre. Nous ouvrons sur utilisation de cette méthodologie d’analyse pour cerner les interactions entre un enseignant et un élève.

TRANSIMS is a disaggregate, behavioral, regional transportation planning package developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) under funding from US DOT, EPA, and Department of Energy. It is an integrated system of travel forecasting models designed to give transportation planners accurate, complete information on traffic impacts, congestion, and pollution by simulating on a second-by-second basis the movements of every person and every vehicle through the transportation network of a large metropolitan area. This regional microsimulation approach provides a better assessment of the performance of a large network than the current link performance functions utilized in the current planning procedures. On the other hand, their microsimulation approach on a regional scale requires a lot of data that may not be readily available, and utilize a low fidelity microsimulation in order to make it operational. Some agencies may be interested in performing a more detailed investigation of traffic patterns within a sub area, such as the downtown area. The author implemented a subarea focusing methodology within TRANSIMS and also developed an interface that allows the investigator to use a high-fidelity, small-size network efficient traffic operational software package â CORSIM to perform sub area traffic operational analysis with demand and network extracted from applications of TRANSIMS. This methodology will allow TRANSIMS to take advantage of higher fidelity models for sub-network analysis and allow CORSIM to use planning inputs such as individual 24 hour travel activities and trip chains. An evacuation model is also built and applied to Virginia Tech main campus, Blacksburg, VA to evaluate this sub area focusing methodology.<br>Master of Science

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2014.<br>234<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 237-261).<br>Over the past 20 years, approximately 1700 planets outside of the solar system have been found. Known as exoplanets, they represent a great opportunity to answer some of the deepest questions about the origin and evolution of our solar system. In this thesis I focus on transiting exoplanets, planets that eclipse their host star from our point of view, reducing momentarily the stellar flux detected by our telescopes. In the first part of this thesis, I develop a new method to measure obliquities, the angle between the spin axis of the star and orbital plane of each of the planets. In our solar system, the obliquity of all planets is within a few degrees of zero, a natural consequence of the standard theory of planet formation, in which a rotating envelope of gas collapses into a disk-shaped protoplanetary disk from which the planets form. But this is not the case for all exoplanets. Close-in gas giants are frequently found in orbits that are tilted respect to the spin axis, a sign that some process is altering the orbits of these planets.The new technique I develop in this thesis uses the passage of a transiting planet over starspots to obtain information about the obliquity of its host star. In particular, I show how to use this technique for close-in gas giants with low and high obliquities, and I extend it to longer orbital periods and multi-planet systems, where obliquity measurements are scarce and therefore more interesting. In the second part of this thesis I describe a survey to detect the shortest-period planets discovered with the Kepler space telescope. In this survey I take a different approach to discover ultra-short period transiting exoplanets. A simple Fourier transform is obtained for every Kepler star, and planets are detected by interpreting the amplitudes and frequencies of the different peaks of the Fourier spectrum. This technique has allowed us to detect Kepler-78b, currently the smallest planet with a mass and radius measurement, with an extreme orbital period of 8.5 hours. The last chapter of this thesis is devoted to the survey, from which a list of 106 planet candidates with orbital periods shorter than one day emerged. The properties of these planet candidates are ultimately used to understand the characteristics of ultra-short period planets in general.<br>by Roberto Sanchis Ojeda.<br>Ph. D.

The search for exo-planets is currently one of the most exiting and active topics in astronomy. Small and rocky planets are particularly the subject of intense research, since if they are suitably located from their host star, they may be warm and potentially habitable worlds. On the other hand, the discovery of giant planets in short-period orbits provides important constraints on models that describe planet formation and orbital migration theories. Several projects are dedicated to discover and characterize planets outside of our solar system. Among them, the Wide-Field Camera Transit Survey (WTS) is a pioneer program aimed to search for extra-solar planets, that stands out for its particular aims and methodology. The WTS has been in operation since August 2007 with observations from the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope, and represents the first survey that searches for transiting planets in the near-infrared wavelengths; hence the WTS is designed to discover planets around M-dwarfs. The survey was originally assigned about 200 nights, observing four fields that were selected seasonally (RA = 03, 07, 17 and 19h) during a year. The images from the survey are processed by a data reduction pipeline, which uses aperture photometry to construct the light curves. For the most complete field (19h-1145 epochs) in the survey, we produce an alternative set of light curves by using the method of difference imaging, which is a photometric technique that has shown important advantages when used in crowded fields. A quantitative comparison between the photometric precision achieved with both methods is carried out in this work. We remove systematic effects using the sysrem algorithm, scale the error bars on the light curves, and perform a comparison of the corrected light curves. The results show that the aperture photometry light curves provide slightly better precision for objects with J < 16. However, difference photometry light curves present a significant improvement for fainter stars. In order to detect transits in the WTS light curves, we use a modified version of the box-fitting algorithm. The implementation on the detection algorithm performs a trapezoid-fit to the folded light curve. We show that the new fit is able to produce more accurate results than the box-fit model. We describe a set of selection criteria to search for transit candidates that include a parameter calculated by our detection algorithm: the V-shape parameter, which has proven to be useful to automatically identify and remove eclipsing binaries from the survey. The criteria are optimized using Monte-Carlo simulations of artificial transit signals that are injected into the real WTS light curves and subsequently analyzed by our detection algorithm. We separately optimize the selection criteria for two different sets of light curves, one for F-G-K stars, and another for M-dwarfs. In order to search for transiting planet candidates, the optimized selection criteria are applied to the aperture photometry and difference imaging light curves. In this way, the best 200 transit candidates from a sample of ~ 475 000 sources are automatically selected. A visual inspection of the folded light curves of these detections is carried out to eliminate clear false-positives or false-detections. Subsequently, several analysis steps are performed on the 18 best detections, which allow us to classify these objects as transiting planet and eclipsing binary candidates. We report one planet candidate orbiting a late G-type star, which is proposed for photometric follow-up. The independent analysis on the M-dwarf sample provides no planet candidates around these stars. Therefore, the null detection hypothesis and upper limits on the occurrence rate of giant planets around M-dwarfs with J < 17 mag presented in a prior study are confirmed. In this work, we extended the search for transiting planets to stars with J < 18 mag, which enables us to impose a more strict upper limit of 1.1 % on the occurrence rate of short-period giant planets around M-dwarfs, which is significantly lower than other limit published so far. The lack of Hot Jupiters around M-dwarfs play an important role in the existing theories of planet formation and orbital migration of exo-planets around low-mass stars. The dearth of gas-giant planets in short-period orbit detections around M stars indicates that it is not necessary to invoke the disk instability formation mechanism, coupled with an orbital migration process to explain the presence of such planets around low-mass stars. The much reduced efficiency of the core-accretion model to form Jupiters around cool stars seems to be in agreement with the current null result. However, our upper limit value, the lowest reported sofar, is still higher than the detection rates of short-period gas-giant planets around hotter stars. Therefore, we cannot yet reach any firm conclusion about Jovian planet formation models around low-mass and cool main-sequence stars, since there are currently not sufficient observational evidences to support the argument that Hot Jupiters are less common around M-dwarfs than around Sun-like stars. The way to improve this situation is to monitor larger samples of M-stars. For example, an extended analysis of the remaining three WTS fields and currently running M-dwarf transit surveys (like Pan-Planets and PTF/M-dwarfs projects, which are monitoring up to 100 000 objects) may reduce this upper limit. Current and future space missions like Kepler and GAIA could also help to either set stricter upper limits or finally detect Hot Jupiters around low-mass stars. In the last part of this thesis, we present other applications of the difference imaging light curves. We report the detection of five faint extremely-short-period eclipsing binary systems with periods shorter than 0.23 d, as well as two candidates and one confirmed M-dwarf/M-dwarf eclipsing binaries. The etections and results presented in this work demonstrate the benefits of using the difference imaging light curves, especially when going to fainter magnitudes.<br>Die Suche nach Exoplaneten ist heute eine der interessantesten und aktivsten Forschungsgebiete in der Astronomie. Vor allem erdähnliche Planeten sind das Ziel diverser Forschungsprojekte, da diese, sofern sie in einem bestimmten Abstand um ihrem Mutter-Stern kreisen, eine Oberflächentemperatur aufweisen, die ein Vorkommen von Wasser in flüssiger Form ermöglicht und somit ``habitabel'' sind. Außerdem sorgt die Entdeckung von Gasriesen in kurzperiodischen Umlaufbahnen für wichtige Erkenntnisse zu Modellen, die die Planetenbildung und orbitale Migration beschreiben. Viele Projekte haben es sich zum Ziel gesetzt, Planeten außerhalb unseres Sonnensystems zu finden und zu charakterisieren. Eines dieser Projekte is der WFCam Transit Survey (WTS), ein Pionierprogramm, das sich durch eine besondere Zielsetzung und Methodik auszeichnet. Die Beobachtungen für WTS haben im August 2007 am United Kingdom Infrared Telescope in Hawaii begonnen. Der Survey unternimmt die erste Suche nach Exoplaneten im nah-infraroten Wellenlängenbereich, welcher für die Suche nach Planeten um M-Zwerge optimal ist. Ursprünglich waren für das Projekt etwa 200 Nächte geplant - verteilt auf insgesamt vier Felder, welche über das Jahr verteilt beobachtet wurden. Die gewonnen Daten werden in einer automatischen Pipeline prozessiert, um Lichtkurven mit Aperturphotometrie zu erstellen. Für das Feld mit den meisten Beobachtungen (``19h-Feld'' mit 1145 Belichtungen)erzeugen wir ein alternatives Set an Lichtkurven mit ``difference imaging'', einer photometrische Methode, die sich in der Vergangenheit für Felder mit hohen Sterndichten als überlegen herausgestellt hat. Ein quantitativer Vergleich zwischen der photometrischen Genauigkeit der beiden Methoden wurde in dieser Arbeit durchgeführt. Wir korrigieren ausserdem systematische Effekte unter Verwendung des ``sysrem'' Algorithmus, skalieren die unrealistischen Fehlerbalken in den Lichtkurven und vergleichen diese mit den ursprünglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Lichtkurven der Aperturphotometrie geringfügig höhere Genauigkeit für Objekte mit J < 16 mag aufweisen. Difference imaging Lichtkurven zeigen dagegen eine deutliche Verbesserung für schwächere Sterne. Um Transits von Planeten zu detektieren, verwenden wir eine modifizierte Version des ``box-fitting'' Algorithmus. Unsere Implementierung erweitert den Algorithmus um einem Trapezoid-Fit des Transitbereichs in der gefalteten Lichtkurve. Wie wir zeigen, liefert dieser Fit bessere Resultate als der reine Box-Fit. Wir beschreiben ein Set von Selektionskriterien, mit welchem wir nach Transit-Kandidaten in den Lichtkurven suchen. Diese Kriterien beinhalten einen Parameter, der von unserem Detektionsalgorithmus berechnet wird: der V -Form Parameter. Dieser hat sich als sehr nützlich herausgestellt, um automatisch bedeckungsveränderliche Doppelsterne zu identifizieren und diese von der Suche nach Planeten auszuschliessen. Wir optimieren die Kriterien über Monte-Carlo Simulationen von künstlichen Transitsignalen, welche in die realen WTS Lichtkurven eingespeist und durch unseren Detektionsalgorithmus analysiert werden. Wir führen die Optimierung der Selektionskriterien separat für zwei getrennte Sets von Lichtkurven durch, jeweils eines für F-G-K Sterne und für M-Sterne. Um nach Transits von Planeten zu suchen, werden die optimierten Kriterien auf die Lichtkurven von Aperturphotometrie und difference imaging Photometrie angewendet. Auf diese Weise werden die 200 besten Transitkandidaten aus ~475 000 Quellen automatisch selektiert. Danach wird eine visuelle Untersuchung der gefalteten Lichtkurven vorgenommen, um klare Fehldetektionen zu entfernen. Anschließend werden weitere Analyseschritte für die vielversprechendsten 18 Kandidaten durchgeführt, was es uns ermöglicht, diese Objekte als Planeten-Kandidaten oder bedeckungsveränderliche Doppelsterne zu klassifizieren. Wir haben einen vielversprechenden Planetenkandidaten gefunden, der um einen späten G-Stern kreist, für welchen wir eine photometrische Nachbeobachtung vorschlagen. Die davon unabhängige Analyse der M-Stern Lichtkurven führte zu keiner Detektion. Damit können wir die Nullhypothese und die oberen Limits für die Häufigkeit von Gasriesen um M-Zwerge mit J < 17 mag aus einer früheren Studie bestätigen. In dieser Arbeit erweitern wir die Suche nach Planetentransits auf Sterne mit J < 18 mag, was es uns ermöglicht, ein Limit von 1.1 % für die Häufigkeit von kurzperiodischen Gasreisen um M-Zwerge zu setzen, was deutlich niedriger ist als die Limits anderer Publikationen. Der Mangel an Hot Jupiters um M-Zwerge spielt eine wichtige Rolle für die Theorien von Planetenentstehung von Exoplaneten um Sterne mit niedriger Masse. Das Fehlen von Gasriesen in kurzperiodischen Orbits um M-Sterne zeigt, dass der Disk-Instabilitätsmechanismus in Kombination mit einer Migration des Orbits nicht benötigt wird,um die Planetenbildung zu beschreiben. Die deutlich geringere Effizienz des ``Core Accretion'' Modells, Jupiter um kühle Sterne zu erzeugen, wird durch die Nullhypothese bestätigt. Unser oberes Limit ist jedoch immer noch höher als die Detektionsraten von kurzperiodigen Gasriesen um heißere Sterne. Wir können also keinen abschließendes Fazit über die Entstehungsmodelle von jupiterähnlichen Planeten um kühle, massearme Hauptreihensterne ziehen. Momentan gibt es noch nicht ausreichende Beobachtungen, um die Vorhersage, dass Hot Jupiters weniger häufig um M-Sterne als um sonnenähnliche Sterne sind, zu untermauern. Um dies zu erreichen, muss eine noch grössere Anzahl an M-Sternen beobachtet werden. Dies könnte durch eine umfassende Analyse aller vier WTS Felder erreicht werden oder aber durch andere momentan durchgeführte M-Zwerg Transit Surveys wie etwa Pan-Planets oder PTF/M-Dwarfs, welche nahezu 100 000 M-Sterne beobachten. Aktuelle und zukünftige Weltraummissionen wie Kepler und GAIA könnten ebenfalls weitere Erkenntnise über die Häufigkeit von Hot Jupiters um massearme Sterne liefern. Im letzten Teil dieser Arbeit präsentieren wir weitere Anwendungen der difference imaging Lichtkurven. Wir haben insgesamt fünf lichtschwache, bedeckungsveränderliche Doppelsternsysteme mit extrem kurzen Perioden unterhalb von 0.23 Tagen detektiert. Ausserdem konnten wir zwei weitere unbestätigte und ein bestätigtes bedeckungsveränderliches M-Zwerg/M-Zwerg Doppelstern-System finden. Alle in dieser Arbeit präsentierten Detektionen demonstrieren die Stärken der difference imaging Methode, welche vor allem bei lichtschwächeren Magnituden entscheidende Vorteile bringt.

Texte remanié de: Th.--Ethnol.--Strasbourg--Université des sciences humaines, 1985. Titre de soutenance : Rites d'invocation et de possession chez les Sakalava du Nord de Madagascar.<br>Bibliogr. p. 377-382.

Standardmäßig erfolgt die Datenaufbereitung der Neutronenwirkungsquerschnitte für Reaktorkernrechnungen mit 2D-Zellcodes. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, einen 3D-Zellcode zu entwickeln, mit diesem Code 3D-Effekte zu untersuchen und die Notwendigkeit einer 3D-Datenaufbereitung der Neutronenwirkungsquerschnitte zu bewerten. Zur Berechnung des Neutronentransports wurde die Methode der Erststoßwahrscheinlichkeiten, die mit der Ray-Tracing-Methode berechnet werden, gewählt. Die mathematischen Algorithmen wurden in den 2D/3D-Zellcode TransRay umgesetzt. Für den Geometrieteil des Programms wurde das Geometriemodul eines Monte-Carlo-Codes genutzt. Das Ray-Tracing in 3D wurde auf Grund der hohen Rechenzeiten parallelisiert. Das Programm TransRay wurde an 2D-Testaufgaben verifiziert. Für einen Druckwasser-Referenzreaktor wurden folgende 3D-Probleme untersucht: Ein teilweise eingetauchter Regelstab und Void (Vakuum oder Dampf) um einen Brennstab als Modell einer Dampfblase. Alle Probleme wurden zum Vergleich auch mit den Programmen HELIOS (2D) und MCNP (3D) nachgerechnet. Die Abhängigkeit des Multiplikationsfaktors und der gemittelten Zweigruppenquerschnitte von der Eintauchtiefe des Regelstabes bzw. von der Höhe der Dampfblase wurden untersucht. Die 3D berechneten Zweigruppenquerschnitte wurden mit drei üblichen Näherungen verglichen: Lineare Interpolation, Interpolation mit Flusswichtung und Homogenisierung. Am 3D-Problem des Regelstabes zeigte sich, dass die Interpolation mit Flusswichtung eine gute Näherung ist. Demnach ist hier eine 3D-Datenaufbereitung nicht notwendig. Beim Testfall des einzelnen Brennstabs, der von Void umgeben ist, erwiesen sich die drei Näherungen für die Zweigruppenquerschnitte als unzureichend. Demnach ist eine 3D-Datenaufbereitung notwendig. Die einzelne Brennstabzelle mit Void kann als der Grenzfall eines Reaktors angesehen werden, in dem sich eine Phasengrenzfläche herausgebildet hat.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:48:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RicardoMCSJ.pdf: 1145445 bytes, checksum: 72e5375ae05e7cf3104e5c18ae0c8314 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-20<br>Este trabalho aborda o problema de otimiza??o em braquiterapia de alta taxa de dose no tratamento de pacientes com c?ncer, com vistas ? defini??o do conjunto de tempos de parada. A t?cnica de solu??o adotada foi a Transgen?tica Computacional apoiada pelo m?todo L-BFGS. O algoritmo desenvolvido foi empregado para gerar solu??es n?o denominadas cujas distribui??es de dose fossem capazes de eiminar o c?ncer e ao mesmo tempo preservar as regi?es normais

Standardmäßig erfolgt die Datenaufbereitung der Neutronenwirkungsquerschnitte für Reaktorkernrechnungen mit 2D-Zellcodes. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, einen 3D-Zellcode zu entwickeln, mit diesem Code 3D-Effekte zu untersuchen und die Notwendigkeit einer 3D-Datenaufbereitung der Neutronenwirkungsquerschnitte zu bewerten. Zur Berechnung des Neutronentransports wurde die Methode der Erststoßwahrscheinlichkeiten, die mit der Ray-Tracing-Methode berechnet werden, gewählt. Die mathematischen Algorithmen wurden in den 2D/3D-Zellcode TransRay umgesetzt. Für den Geometrieteil des Programms wurde das Geometriemodul eines Monte-Carlo-Codes genutzt. Das Ray-Tracing in 3D wurde auf Grund der hohen Rechenzeiten parallelisiert. Das Programm TransRay wurde an 2D-Testaufgaben verifiziert. Für einen Druckwasser-Referenzreaktor wurden folgende 3D-Probleme untersucht: Ein teilweise eingetauchter Regelstab und Void (Vakuum oder Dampf) um einen Brennstab als Modell einer Dampfblase. Alle Probleme wurden zum Vergleich auch mit den Programmen HELIOS (2D) und MCNP (3D) nachgerechnet. Die Abhängigkeit des Multiplikationsfaktors und der gemittelten Zweigruppenquerschnitte von der Eintauchtiefe des Regelstabes bzw. von der Höhe der Dampfblase wurden untersucht. Die 3D berechneten Zweigruppenquerschnitte wurden mit drei üblichen Näherungen verglichen: Lineare Interpolation, Interpolation mit Flusswichtung und Homogenisierung. Am 3D-Problem des Regelstabes zeigte sich, dass die Interpolation mit Flusswichtung eine gute Näherung ist. Demnach ist hier eine 3D-Datenaufbereitung nicht notwendig. Beim Testfall des einzelnen Brennstabs, der von Void umgeben ist, erwiesen sich die drei Näherungen für die Zweigruppenquerschnitte als unzureichend. Demnach ist eine 3D-Datenaufbereitung notwendig. Die einzelne Brennstabzelle mit Void kann als der Grenzfall eines Reaktors angesehen werden, in dem sich eine Phasengrenzfläche herausgebildet hat.

Le quart des maladies professionnelles est lié à l’excès de bruit sur les lieux de travail et les solutions classiquement utilisées pour réduire l’exposition au bruit ne sont pas toujours suffisamment efficaces. On propose ici de développer une stratégie active pour améliorer l’isolation d’une machine par capotage, procédé usuel mais jusqu’à présent peu performant dans les basses fréquences. Depuis une dizaine d’années, des absorbants actifs ont été développés par le Centre Acoustique du LMFA pour des applications aéronautiques. Dans ces systèmes, la pression est réduite par contrôle actif à l’arrière d’un matériau poreux pour en renforcer l’efficacité dans les basses fréquences. L’étude présentée dans ce mémoire a pour objectif l’optimisation et la mise en oeuvre de ces absorbants sur un encoffrement académique, permettant des développements aussi bien théoriques qu’expérimentaux. Le système est constitué d’une cavité rigide couplée à une plaque élastique bafflée. Il est excité par une source monopolaire située dans la cavité. La démarche s’appuie sur une modélisation du système dans le but de calculer l’impédance optimale de l’absorbant, définie comme celle qui, pour chaque fréquence de la bande 50Hz-600Hz, fournit la meilleure réduction de la puissance acoustique transmise par le capotage. Une méthode modale permet de prendre en compte les couplages entre les différents sous-systèmes. La puissance acoustique rayonnée est calculée à partir du champ de vitesse induit sur la plaque. L’impédance optimale variant fortement avec la fréquence, elle n’est pas réalisable en large bande par un dispositif passif ou actif simple. La stratégie sous-optimale alors choisie conduit à la réalisation d’un absorbant «parfait» présentant une impédance normale réduite proche de 1. Pour la mise en oeuvre sur le banc d’essai, le matériau poreux choisi est une toile métallique de faible épaisseur. Les configurations retenues impliquent trois cellules, chacune équipée d’une source secondaire et d’un microphone de contrôle. Le contrôle actif est réalisé grâce à un algorithme feedforward multivoie. Enfin, la puissance rayonnée est mesurée par intensimétrie. Les performances expérimentales confirment les prévisions et permettent une réduction de plus de 5dB sur la bande 50Hz-600Hz, avec des absorbants couvrant seulement 2% de la surface de l’encoffrement. Ces réductions sont essentiellement visibles sur la bande de fréquence 200-600Hz, où le rayonnement de la plaque est contrôlé par les modes de la cavité. Sur la gamme 50-200Hz, le rayonnement est dominé par les modes de la plaque et les absorbants actifs n’ont que peu d’effet. Pour améliorer les performances des absorbants sur 50-200Hz, un contrôle actif direct de l’impédance est finalement envisagé en tube de Kundt. Il est réalisé grâce à deux microphones situés de part et d’autre d’une couche de matériau poreux. Un algorithme de contrôle a été spécialement développé pour approcher l’impédance optimale sur 50-200Hz tout en conservant la stratégie initiale d’absorption sur 200-600Hz. Un tel dispositif permettrait de réduire de 5dB supplémentaires la puissance transmise par l’encoffrement<br>A quarter of occupational diseases are related to excess noise in the workplace. Generally, machine noise is controlled by acoustic enclosures which limit the power of outward-going sound. But this solution often proves to be insufficient, especially for low frequencies. This study investigates the potential of active absorbers for reducing low-frequency noise transmission through an enclosure. Over the last ten years, active absorbers have been developed by the Centre Acoustique of the LMFA for aeronautical applications. The basic principle involves an active control system to reinforce the effectiveness of a porous material layer at low frequencies. The study presented here aims at optimizing and implementing these absorbers on an academic enclosure, allowing theoretical and experimental developments. The system consists of a simply supported baffled flexible plate backed by a rigid cavity. It is excited by the pressure generated by an acoustic point-source located in a corner of the cavity. The study is based on the modelling of the system in order to calculate the optimal impedance of the absorber: that which, for each frequency of the band 50-600Hz, provides the best reduction of the sound power transmitted by the plate. A modal approach by substructures was used here to model the system. The radiated sound power is calculated starting from the velocity field induced on the plate. The value of the optimal impedance varies too quickly with frequency, so it is not realizable over a large band of frequencies with our device. The selected sub-optimal strategy consists in realizing a "perfect" absorber presenting an impedance close to that of air. On the test bench, the selected porous material is a thin metal cloth. The selected configurations use three active cells, each one equipped with a secondary source and a control microphone. Active control uses a multichannel feedforward algorithm and the radiated power is measured by intensimetry. In line with predictions, the absorbers provide a 5. 5dB overall reduction (on 50-600Hz) while covering only 2% of the cavity surface. These reductions are mainly achieved in the range 200-600Hz, where the plate radiation is controlled by the cavity modes. In the range 50-200Hz, the radiation is controlled by the plate modes and the absorbers have little effect. In order to improve the low frequency (50-200Hz) performance of the absorbers, a full active control of the impedance is finally envisaged in a plane wave tube. It is carried out thanks to two microphones located on either side of a porous material layer. A control algorithm is specially developped to enable the normal impedance to approach the optimal value in the range 50-200Hz while preserving the initial absorption strategy in the range 200-600Hz. Such a device would allow a 5dB additionnal reduction in the noise transmitted by the enclosure

Pour être maintenues dans les populations des espèces gynodioïques, les femelles doivent être avantagées. Nous avons démontré, chez les espèces gynodioïques en général, un avantage reproductif des femelles qui produisent plus de fleurs, plus de fruits et plus de graines. Pour l'espèce étudiée, Gypsophila repens, les principaux avantages des femelles semblent être lié à l'auto-fécondation et la dépression de consanguinité qui en résulterait ainsi qu'aux coûts liés au déterminisme génétique du sexe chez les hermaphrodites. En outre, les femelles de cette population ne seraient pas plus limitées par le pollen que les hermaphrodites comme observé pour d'autres espèces gynodioïques. G. Repens, peut être infectée par le champignon Microbotryum violaceum, qui stérilise partiellement la plante, et qui est donc théoriquement considéré comme "mal-adapté". La stérilisation partielle pourrait être la conséquence d'un manque d'adaptation du champignon suite à un changement d'hôte. Les parasites peuvent jouer un rôle important pour expliquer le maintien de systèmes de reproduction dimorphiques, si un des deux sexes est plus attaqué que l'autre. Cependant, nous n'avons pas trouvé de différences entre les probabilités d'infection entre les sexes. Par contre, le champignon pourrait contribuer de façon indirecte à avantager les femelles. Dans les populations infectées, les plantes reçoivent continuellement des téliospores qui pourraient réduire la reproduction des individus en limitant la germination du pollen sur les stigmates. Nous avons, en effet, expérimentalement, montré une réduction de la reproduction uniquement pour les individus hermaphrodites<br>Females of gynodioecious species need to have an advantage in order to be maintained in the populations. We found that in general, females have reproductive advantages: females produce more flowers, set more fruits and produce more seeds than hermaphrodites. We studied female advantage in the gynodioecious species Gypsophila repens. In this species females may be advantaged because they avoid inbreeding depression and pleyotropic effects of restoration that can affect hermaphrodites. In the studied population, females see not to be more limited by pollen deposition than hermaphrodites as has been found for other gynodioecious species. The studied species may be infected by a fungus that produces a partial sterilisation of the host. Partial sterilisation produced by castrating parasites is considered to be sub-optimal. For this species, the fungus could be "maladapted" as a result of a host shift between G. Repens and another related infected Caryophyllaceae. Parasites may be important in the maintenance of dimorphic reproductive systems if, for example, one sex is more attacked than the other one. We failed to show differences in infection probability between sexes on this species. Nevertheless, the fungus could contribute to female advantage in an indirect manner. In infected populations, plants are continually receiving fungal teliospores that may reduce reproduction by preventing pollen germination on the stigma. We found a reduction in the reproduction after the addition of teliospores; however, this reduction was significant only for hermaphrodites

Estimation d'un signal aleatoire par le critere de l'erreur quadratique moyenne, dans un milieu multitrajet non aleatoire. Une application est faite sur l'egalisation d'une transmission de donnees perturbee par les interferences intersymboles

Traffic simulation is a powerful tool that provides transportation engineers with the ability to test the feasibility and performance of a system before it is implemented and also helps in optimizing the proposed system. Over the past twenty years significant amount of work has been conducted on improving the quality and accuracy of transportation simulation models. Much of this work has been concentrated on microscopic simulation models because they provide traffic engineers greater opportunity to examine the inherently complex, stochastic, and dynamic nature of transportation systems when compared to traditional macroscopic models. In order to test the performance of some of the simulation models, a study is conducted on freeway weaving sections, which are considered to be one of the most complex regions to be modeled and analyzed. The intent of the research is to evaluate TRANSIMS, CORSIM, VISSIM and INTEGRATION and compare them with Highway Capacity Manual, which adopts a traditional methodology for carrying out the operational analysis of a highway system. The statistics collected for the simulation runs include weaving speeds, non-weaving speeds and density of the weaving section.<br>Master of Science

Le mini-satellite Corot lancé en 2006 utilisera la méthode des transits : <br />Une exoplanète signe son passage devant l'étoile par une brève baisse de flux inférieure au millième. La stabilité et continuité de mesure seront assurées sur 150 jours pour 60.000 étoiles afin d'augmenter le nombre de configurations favorables. La photométrie d'ouverture intègre chaque flux dans un masque de lecture adapté aux multiples bruits, limité `a 250 formes différentes pour 12.000 cibles. J'ai étudié des méthodes autorisant cette réduction sans perte notable de signal `a bruit. Le tri efficace de masques aléatoires s'avère la plus satisfaisante. <br /><br /> Pour la détection, j'ai développé une méthode qui rehausse le contraste des transits en éliminant les composantes des effets collectifs et de certains artefacts. Après détection temporelle les systématiques sont identifiées, même celles d'origine et de poids inconnus. On fait émerger de nouvelles détections en jaugeant la dispersion autour de ces composantes.

Les Jupiters chauds sont des exoplanètes si proches de leur étoile que leur atmosphère peut perdre du gaz par échappement hydrodynamique. Les géantes gazeuses qui transitent sont un excellent moyen de comprendre ce processus, mais il faut étudier d'autres types de planètes pour déterminer son impact sur la population exoplanétaire. Cette thèse propose d'utiliser la spectroscopie du transit pour observer l'atmosphère de plusieurs planètes, étudier leurs propriétés et caractériser l'échappement hydrodynamique. Des raies de l'ultraviolet observées avec le télescope Hubble sont analysées avec le modèle numérique de la haute atmosphère que nous avons développé. Grâce à la raie Ly-? nous mettons en évidence les interactions énergétiques et dynamiques entre l'atmosphère des Jupiters chauds HD209458b et HD189733b et leurs étoiles. Nous étudions la dépendance de l'échappement à l'environnement d'une planète et à ses propriétés physiques, en observant une super-Terre et un Jupiter tiède dans le système 55Cnc. Grâce à des observations de HD209458b nous montrons que les raies du magnésium permettent de sonder la région de formation de l'échappement. Nous étudions le potentiel de la spectroscopie du transit dans le proche UV pour détecter de nouveaux cas d'échappement. Ce mécanisme est favorisé par la proximité d'une planète à son étoile, ce qui rend d'autant plus important la compréhension des processus de formation et de migration, qui peuvent être étudiés par l'alignement d'un système planétaire. Grâce à des mesures des spectrographes HARPS-N et SOPHIE nous étudions les alignements de 55Cnc e et du candidat Kepler KOI-12.01, dont nous cherchons aussi à valider la nature planétaire.

Le travail de recherche proposé dans cette thèse porte sur la question de la transmission psychique inconsciente, l’objet de recherche s’attachant plus précisément à définir les différentes modalités de transit de la réalité psychique. C’est à partir d’une clinique auprès d’enfants suivis en hôpital de jour ou en centre médico-psychologique que sont interrogées les formes, les voies et les fonctions des transits, des échanges qui s’organisent entre les différentes scènes subjectives, qu’il s’agisse de la scène du rêve, du jeu, du corps, mais encore celle de l’autre de la relation. La scène psychique au regard de sa croissance, de son développement, ne peut se penser sans l’objet, aussi le modèle proposé en appui sur la théorie psychanalytique mais explorant aussi d’autres épistémologies comme la phénoménologie, les neurosciences, l’embryologie, est un modèle intersubjectif. A la suite des auteurs kleiniens mais aussi des travaux des groupalistes, il a pour objet de construire une représentation de l’espace intermédiaire ou espace « entre », situé entre les scènes et à partir duquel s’organisent les transactions et la transmission psychique. Il est possible de caractériser ce lieu de la connexion, d’en proposer une métaphore, une topologie, de montrer qu’il a une concrétude et des processus spécifiques. Penser l’entre-deux et l’alternance entre les scènes subjectives sur lesquelles se montre la réalité psychique amène aussi à interroger les modes de représentation de la conflictualité, à penser en termes de scénalité, d’inter-scénalité, de trans-scénalité, à rechercher également qu’elle est l’instance intrapsychique organisatrice de sa mise en jeu et de sa mise en scène. Parce que le moi est un être frontière et assure une fonction d’articulation, on peut décrire, en usant de la métaphore théâtrale, un moi dramaturge et scénographe et montrer comment les scènes subjectives interconnectées permettent alors de retrouver un lien associatif et une continuité narrative. Lorsque la souffrance psychique est trop grande et ne peut être psychisée, la scène éloignée (par exemple la scène phobique), se révèle être un puissant attracteur de la réalité psychique et donne une forme au conflit. Du fait d’une coïncidence, d’une mêmeté ou autre, elle vient en relais, elle est à penser comme un lieu où se déposent et se déchargent les tensions à l’instar d’une zone de transits ou parfois d’une zone de quarantaine maintenant à distance le surcroit de douleur et évitant une contamination de l’ensemble. Certains mécanismes identificatoires jouent un rôle fondamental dans la transmission psychique, notamment l’identification projective qui permet que se véhicule la souffrance et notamment qu’elle soit communiquée au thérapeute. De fait, la scène thérapeutique parce qu’elle attire à elle des contenus psychiques toxiques, non-élaborés, ceux-ci pouvant être liés à une transmission transgénérationnelle, opère aussi comme une scène à distance où s’organise un partage des expériences affectives et émotionnelles, cela étant à penser dans le cadre d’une relation transféro-contre-transférentielle. La prise en compte des jeux d’alternance impliquant souvent plusieurs scènes interconnectées entre elles comme les scènes thérapeutique, transférentielle mais aussi corporelle, onirique, fantasmatique, qui sont autant de lieux possibles d’expression du conflit psychique, amène en dernier lieu et en guise d’ouverture à un prochain travail de recherche à envisager une autre modalité d’associativité que nous nommons associativité inter-scénale<br>The research work proposed within the framework of this thesis focuses upon the unconscious psychic transmission, with a particular emphasis on the various forms of transits of psychological reality. Based on The forms, channels and the roles of the transits, the interaction between the various subjective scenes, be they the dream scene, the game scene, the body scene or the Other in the relationship, have been studied in a child clinic with children in a day hospital or in a medical psychological centre. The psychological scene in view of its growth, its development, is unthinkable without the object, that is why the model proposed on the psychoanalytical theory, but also investigating other epistemologies such as phenomenology, neurosciences, embryology, is an intersubjective model. Following the kleinian authors, but also the groupalists’ work, its purpose is to build a representation of the intermediary space, or space in between, located between the scenes and from which psychological transactions and transmissions organize themselves. It is possible to characterize this place of connection, to propose a metaphor for it, a topology, to show it is real, with specific processes. Considering the between-two and the alternating between the subjective scenes on which the psychological reality shows, also leads us to ask questions about the modes of representation of conflicts, to think in terms of scenality, inter-scenality, trans-scenality, also to investigate the intrapsychic occurrence which articulates its operation and staging. Because the self is a border being and it has a function of articulation, one could evoke, with a theatrical metaphor, a dramatist and scenographer self, and show how the interconnected subjective scenes then allow to get back to an associative link and a narrative continuity.When mental suffering is too acute and it cannot be psychologized, the remote scene (the phobic scene for instance) proves to be a powerful attraction of psychic reality, and it gives a shape to the conflict. Because of a coincidence, a sameness, or other, it is a relay, one should think about it as a place where tensions lay and discharge as in a transit area or sometimes a quarantine zone keeping the excess pain away and avoiding a contamination of the whole.Some identifiable mechanisms play a key role in the psychologicaltransfer, particularlythe projective identification which ensures pain is carried out and, especially, communicated to the therapist. Indeed, because the therapeutic scene attracts undeveloped toxic psychic contents which may be linked to a transgenerational transmission, it also operates like a distant scene in which a sharing of the affective and emotional experiences takes place. The coverage of the alternation games often involving several scenes interconnected together such as the therapeutic scenes, transferential as well as corporeal, oniric, fantasmal, which represent as many potential places of expression of psychological conflict, finally leads us, thus opening up to a future research work, to consider another method of associativity which we name inter-scenal associativity

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO<br>A pesquisa Cartografias de um estrangeiro: trânsitos e afetos nas ruas do Rio de Janeiro tem o intuito de (re)criar os trânsitos de um narrador estrangeiro, que passa a morar no Rio a partir de agosto de 2013. Seguido o método proposto por Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari (1995), o desejo é construir, com um texto acompanhado de ilustrações, fotografias e colagens, uma cartografia deste corpo, aberto às surpresas que transbordam das dobras da cidade. O trabalho busca nas ruas o que desloque o olhar, não só no sentido físico e decorativo, mas também como possibilidade de sensibilizar de afetar e quebrar a rotina. Assim, a dissertação investiga os múltiplos encontros proporcionados em uma cidade. É possível pensar esse narrador que veio de fora como alguém mais inserido/ inscrito na capital carioca ao caminhar pelas rotas afetivas do espaço urbano? Ao se deslocar, principalmente, por bairros da Zona Sul, Centro e Zona Norte, sua narrativa busca uma visão aberta e ativa, desdobrada em quatro eixos teóricos: 1) cidade; 2) o outro, estrangeiro de mim mesmo; 3) caminhada; 4) afetos. Leitura de estudos sócio-históricos, geográficos e filosóficos sobre as palavras-chave citadas acima, assim como questões suscitadas pelos atravessamentos dele no Rio, é convite para explorar uma pesquisa construída e experimentada.<br>The research Cartography of a foreigner: transits and affections in the streets of Rio de Janeiro have the intention of (re)creating the transits of a foreign narrator, who starts living in Rio since August of 2013. Starting from the method proposed by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari (1995), the desire is to construct, with a text accompanied by illustrations, photographies and collages, a cartography of this body, open to the surprises that overflow the city s folds. The work searches in the streets what dislocates the eye, not only in the physical and decorative sense, but also with possibility of sensitizing, of affecting and breaking the routine. This way, the dissertation investigates the multiple encounters proportioned in a city. Is it possible to think if this narrator who came from outside feels more inserted/registered in the capital of Rio while walking through the affective routes of urban space? While dislocating, mainly by neighborhoods of South Zone, Downtown and North Zone, his narrative searches for an open and active sight, constructing narratives that unfold in four theoretical axes: 1) city; 2) the other, foreigner of own self ; 3) the walk 4) affections. Lectures of socio-historical, geographical and philosophical aspects of the keywords cited above, as well as questions raised by his passage in Rio, are invitations for the research to be built and experimented.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2016-05-30T16:43:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_TAPIR_TABAJARA_CANTO_DA_ROCHA_NETO_PARCIAL.pdf: 395003 bytes, checksum: 06c683f3f74c173ccd2667ae1e4ebb5b (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-30T16:43:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIS_TAPIR_TABAJARA_CANTO_DA_ROCHA_NETO_PARCIAL.pdf: 395003 bytes, checksum: 06c683f3f74c173ccd2667ae1e4ebb5b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-04<br>This work is inserted in the search line Legal and Criminal Contemporaries Systems under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Giovani Agostini Saavedra. The present work suggest a dogmatic and critical analysis in respect to promulgation of Law number 12.683/2012, especially in relation to problematic issues from extinction, of the Brazilian legal system, the list of predicate crimes that can generate money laundry. A superficial reading of the new law would allow the understanding that any form of conduct positively as a criminal offense would have aptitude for materialization the money laundering crime, simply if the profit earned by an offense or a misdemeanor was hidden or concealed. From the examination about Axel Honneth?s Theory of Recognition and the current context in which inserted the global economy, the dissertation intends to establish that we can only speak in money laundry if there is an offense to the transparency of developed financial relations as part of an order capitalist economic and democratic.<br>O presente trabalho est? inserido na linha de pesquisa Sistemas Jur?dico-Penais Contempor?neos, sob a orienta??o do Prof. Dr. Giovani Agostini Saavedra. Prop?e-se uma an?lise cr?tica em rela??o ? promulga??o da Lei n? 12.683/2012, sobretudo em rela??o ?s problem?ticas advindas da extin??o, do ordenamento jur?dico brasileiro, do rol de crimes antecedentes pass?veis de gerar a lavagem de dinheiro. Uma leitura superficial do tipo do referido delito permitiria a compreens?o de que toda e qualquer forma de conduta positivada como infra??o penal teria aptid?o para a materializa??o da reciclagem de capitais, bastando que o proveito auferido por um delito ou por uma contraven??o penal fosse ocultado ou dissimulado. A partir do exame da Teoria do Reconhecimento de Axel Honneth e do atual contexto em que inserida a economia global, pretende-se estabelecer que somente ser? poss?vel falar em lavagem de dinheiro se houver uma ofensa ? transpar?ncia das rela??es financeiras desenvolvidas no ?mbito de uma ordem econ?mica capitalista e democr?tica.

La production régulée des globules rouges nécessite le contrôle de l'intensité et de la durée du signal transmis par l'érythropoietine (Epo) via son récepteur (R-Epo). En réponse à l'Epo, la tyrosine kinase Jak2 est activée ainsi que des relais intracellulaires tels que la voie P13-K, la voie MAPK et la voie impliquant STAT5. Parallèlement à l'activation de ces relais positifs, des relais de mise au repos du signal sont activés impliquant notamment le système ubiquitine-protéasome. Après stimulation par l'Epo, le R-Epo est ubiquitiné par l'E3 ubiquitine ligase β-TrCP et sa partie intracellulaire est dégradée par le protéasome. Après internalisation, le reste du R-Epo est dégradé via les lysosomes. La β-Trcp reconnaît la séquence du R-Epo D-S462-G, Mes travaux ont montré que le recrutement de la β-Trcp au R-Epo est nécessaire pour l'ubiquitination et la dégradation de sa partie intracellulaire par le protéasome et que la mutation du site DSG provoque une prolongation de la signalisation ainsi qu'une hypersensibilité des cellules à l'Epo. De plus, le site DSG est situé dans une région du R-Epo dont la délétion provoque une hypersensibilité à l'Epo et est responsable de certaines formes de polyglobulies familiales. Suite à ces résultats, j'ai étudié le mécanisme de recrutement de la β-TrCP au niveau du R-Epo. Tout d'abord, j'ai montré que seule la S462 est nécessaire pour la liaison de la β-TrCP au R-Epo. Puis, j'ai cherché à identifier la kinase responsable de la phosphorylation de la S462. Les premiers résultats obtenus ont permis d'éliminer les kinases dépendant de l'activation des voies P13-K et Erk. Ainsi, la kinase phosphorylant la S462 du R-Epo est encore inconnue<br>Control of intensity and duration of erythropoietin (Epo) signaling is necessary to tightly regulate red blood cell production. We have recently shown that the ubiquitin/proteasome System plays a major role in the control of Epo-R signaling. Indeed, after Epo stimulation, Epo-R is ubiquitinated and its intracellular part is degraded by the proteasome, preventing further signal transduction. The remaining part of the receptor is internalized and degraded by the lysosomes. We show that beta-Trcp is responsible for Epo-R ubiquitination and degradation. After Epo stimulation, beta-Trcp binds to the Epo-R. This binding, requires Jak2 activation. The Epo-R contains a typical DSG binding sequence for beta-Trcp. Interestingly, this sequence is located in a region of the Epo-R that is deleted in patients with familial polycythemia. Mutation of the serine residue of this motif to alanine (Epo-RS462A) abolished beta-Trcp binding, Epo-R ubiquitination, and degradation. Epo-RS462A activation was prolonged and BaF3 cells expressing this receptor are hypersensitive to Epo, suggesting that part of the hypersensitivity to Epo in familial polycythemia could be the result of the lack of beta-Trcp recruitment to the Epo-R. In a next step, I studied the mechanism involved in the recruitment of the beta-TrCP. First of all, I showed that only the Ser 462 is involved and necessary for the association between the Epo-R and the beta-TrCP. Then, I tried to find the kinase involved in the S462 phosphorylation. The preliminary results show that the kinase is not dependant of the PI3K and Erk activation. Thus, the kinase responsible of the S462 phosphorylation is not yet known