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Sebastião, Thaís Fernandes, Ana Carolina Constantini, and Maria de Fátima de Campos Françozo. "Transgender women." Distúrbios da Comunicação 34, no. 3 (December 2, 2022): e54938. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2176-2724.2022v34i3e54938.
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Introduction: the transgender woman, a person who identifies and performs in femininity, has increasingly looked for vocal therapy due to gender incongruence. Objective: to know the experiences and perceptions of these women about health, gender dysphoria, voice and society, to identify possible triggering factors of their discomforts and reflect on the speech therapy performance in this context, since health, in a broad view, is biopsychosocial, while voice, is a subjective construction. Method: Cross-sectional qualitative approach, with semi-structured interviews. Participants were found by the snowball technique and evaluation of the data was obtained by content analysis. Results: participants from the State of São Paulo, most of them study and/or work. They use hormones unsupervised due to the urgency of aligning with their gender identity. Negative social experiences generate discomfort and insecurity, showing that the other’s point of view impairs self-perception. Thus, they seek passability to avoid harassment. The voice was seen as a trigger to have their bodies and gender questioned, and vocal therapy is seen as positive, for working on vocal potentialities, self-perception, and self-acceptance. Having peer support and positive transgender references provide greater self-confidence, acceptance, and reassurance in gender confirmation. Final considerations: psychosocial aspects, cisheteronormativity and demands of transgender people should be considered in transgender health care, including vocal therapy, as well as discussion about the demands of this public should be proposed in society in order to promote health and inclusion to this population.
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Julia Kapusta, Stephanie. "Misgendering and Its Moral Contestability." Hypatia 31, no. 3 (2016): 502–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hypa.12259.
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In this article, I consider the harms inflicted upon transgender persons through “misgendering,” that is, such deployments of gender terms that diminish transgender persons' self‐respect, limit the discursive resources at their disposal to define their own gender, and cause them microaggressive psychological harms. Such deployments are morally contestable, that is, they can be challenged on ethical or political grounds. Two characterizations of “woman” proposed in the feminist literature are critiqued from this perspective. When we consider what would happen to transgender women upon the broad implementation of these characterizations within transgender women's social context, we discover that they suffer from two defects: they either exclude at least some transgender women, or else they implicitly foster hierarchies among women, marginalizing transgender women in particular. In conclusion, I claim that the moral contestability of gender‐term deployments acts as a stimulus to regularly consider the provisionality and revisability of our deployments of the term “woman.”
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Dr. Money Veena VR. "Legal Framework For Transgenders in India: A Study Focusing State Of Kerala." Legal Research Development 2, no. II (December 30, 2017): 09–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53724/lrd/v2n2.04.
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Transgender people are individuals of any age or sex whose appearance, personal characteristics, or behaviours differ from stereotypes about how men and women are supposed’ to be. They have existed in every culture, race, and class since the story of human life has been recorded. Condition of transgender is very pitiable in our society and they are underprivileged from their basic rights and are still not accepted by Indian society. Many transgenders suffer from mental health problems like depression and suicidal tendencies. In spite of being into existence for so long, the transgender community has never been able to become a part of mainstream society. They are often pushed to the periphery as a social outcaste and many may end up begging and dancing. This is by all means human trafficking. Sometimes running out of all options to feed themselves, they even engage themselves as sex workers for survival. This paper attempts to analyze the legal protection of transgenders, the judicial approach in transgender issues and also the policy of the Government of Kerala for transgenders.
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Leany, Muhammad Novan, and Ramadhanita Mustika Sari. "Social Solidarity and Waria Religiousity: A Netnographic Study of Al-Fatah Islamic Boardingschool Yogyakarta." Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Raushan Fikr 11, no. 1 (July 5, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/jimrf.v11i1.6477.
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Research on transgender religiosity is interesting to study more deeply. This is because of the public’s view that transgenders are justified as a nuisance or disturbing people’s lives. However, something different happened at the Al-Fatah Islamic Boarding School. Pesantren is used as a place to instill religious values in transgender people. So that it becomes a place for waria to develop religion, or as a place for waria to return to the right path, without the element of coercion. Never view transgenders negatively. The purpose of this study is to get an idea of how the public views transgenders in Al-Fatah Islamic Boarding School and a picture of the growth of transgender religious values in Al-Fatah Islamic Boarding School. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a virtual netnography approach. Netnography is the process of browsing an entity while using internet processes. This article proves the tips on community solidarity in instilling religious values in transgender women at Al-Fatah Islamic Boarding School there are also other findings, namely the side of tolerance for human characters that are different from other
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Lightner, Joseph S., Justin Schneider, Amanda Grimes, Melissa Wigginton, Laurel Curran, Tori Gleason, and Tyler Prochnow. "Physical activity among transgender individuals: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies." PLOS ONE 19, no. 2 (February 28, 2024): e0297571. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297571.
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Transgender individuals face stigma, discrimination, and other barriers impacting their ability to engage in physical activity (PA). We aim to review current literature on PA among transgender individuals. A systemic literature search of research studies from 2010–2023 was conducted. Studies must have reported a measure of PA and gender, be original research, and focus on transgender participants’ PA. Rates of PA for transgender individuals were lower compared to cisgender or sexual minority individuals. Transgender women were less likely to engage in PA than other groups. Qualitative results suggest transgender oppression, stigma, discrimination, body image, unwelcoming environments (gyms, locker rooms, swimming pools), and the dichotomous structure of sport contribute to lower rates of PA among transgendered individuals. Disparities in PA for transgender individuals exist. Policy, environment, and system changes are needed to reduce transgender stigma in sport and PA settings. Current legislation is being developed and implemented in the United States regarding the place of transgender individuals in sport and PA. These results should inform public discourse on the topic.
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Bianchi, Andria. "Transgender women in sport." Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 44, no. 2 (April 17, 2017): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2017.1317602.
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Rabbani, Zaenoon, and Johanna Debora Imelda. "POSITIVE DEVIANCE CASES ON SOCIAL FUNCTIONS OF ELDERLY WARIA (CASE STUDY ON THE ANAK RAJA WARIA SHELTER DEPOK, WEST JAVA)." JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES) 5, no. 2 (July 29, 2021): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v5i2.3888.
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In developing societies, the elderly in Indonesia are generally cared for by their own families traditionally. However, that does not appear to the transgender community in their old age. The discrimination experienced by waria (transgender in Bahasa, red.) begins when they decide to follow their identity as a woman at an early age. During their lifetime, transgender women frequently get discrimination and rejection from the social environment, which causes them to be unable to function socially in a proper way. Fortunately, those experiences are not the case for elderly transgender who lives under the protection of Anak Raja Transgender Shelter established by the Indonesian Transgender Communication Forum (FKWI). This study examines how elderly transgender women in Anak Raja Transgender Shelter can function socially and be accepted by the environment. The case of positive deviance that occurs in elderly transgender women, in social science studies, is said as a case of Positive Deviance. This research is a qualitative study that applies in-depth interviews for data collection. The main informants are elderly transgender women who are more than 60 years old and have been under the protection of Anak Raja Waria Shelter for at least 1 year. Social functioning in the elderly is a multidimensional concept so that the assessment requires several things to be explored such as social support, social networks, social resources, social roles, role functioning, and social activities. This study found that elderly transgender women at the Anak Raja Waria Shelter can fulfill the five assessments because the strong social support comes from both the community itself and the social environment in where they live.
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Rome, Julian. "Trans Men and Trans Women." Stance: an international undergraduate philosophy journal 11, no. 1 (April 23, 2018): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/s.11.1.10-21.
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This paper addresses one of the ways in which transgender individuals identify with respect to personal history, living “stealth,” whereby transgender individuals do not disclose their transgender status (that is, they present themselves as cisgender), oftentimes no longer considering themselves transgender. Individuals who live stealth are often criticized for inauthenticity; thus, this paper analyses Sartrean notions of authenticity and personal history, thereby arguing that the person who lives stealth is not living inauthentically but rather is constituting their conception of self through their past, present, and future projects.
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Lagos, Danya. "Hearing Gender: Voice-Based Gender Classification Processes and Transgender Health Inequality." American Sociological Review 84, no. 5 (September 10, 2019): 801–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122419872504.
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This study examines the link between self-rated health and two aspects of gender: an individual’s gender identity, and whether strangers classify that person’s voice as male or female. In a phone-based general health survey, interviewers classified the sex of transgender women ( n = 722) and transgender men ( n = 446) based on assumptions they made after hearing respondents’ voices. The flawed design of the original survey produced inconsistent sex classification among transgender men and transgender women respondents; this study repurposes these discrepancies to look more closely at the implications of voice-based gender classification for the health of transgender men and women. Average marginal effects from logistic regression models show transgender men who are classified as women based on their voices are more likely to report poor self-rated health compared to transgender men who are classified as men. Conversely, transgender women who are classified as men are less likely to report poor self-rated health than are transgender women who are classified as women. Additionally, Black transgender men are more likely than any other group to be classified inconsistently with their gender identity, suggesting a link between race/ethnicity and gender perception.
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Chhim, Srean, Chanrith Ngin, Pheak Chhoun, Sovannary Tuot, Cheaty Ly, Phalkun Mun, Khondyla Pal, et al. "HIV prevalence and factors associated with HIV infection among transgender women in Cambodia: results from a national Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e015390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015390.
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ObjectiveTo examine factors associated with HIV infection among transgender women in Cambodia.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingsHIV high-burden sites including the capital city and 12 provinces.ParticipantsThis study included 1375 sexually active transgender women with a mean age of 25.9 years (SD 7.1), recruited by using respondent-driven sampling for structured questionnaire interviews and rapid finger-prick HIV testing.Primary outcome measureHIV infection detected by using Determine antibody test.ResultsHIV prevalence among this population was 5.9%. After adjustment for other covariates, participants living in urban areas were twice as likely to be HIV infected as those living in rural areas. Participants with primary education were 1.7 times as likely to be infected compared with those with high school education. HIV infection increased with age; compared with those aged 18–24 years, the odds of being HIV infected were twice as high among transgender women aged 25–34 years and 2.8 times higher among those aged ≥35 years. Self-injection of gender affirming hormones was associated with a fourfold increase in the odds of HIV infection. A history of genital sores over the previous 12 months increased the odds of HIV infection by threefold. Transgender women with stronger feminine identity, dressing as a woman all the time, were twice as likely to be HIV infected compared with those who did not dress as a woman all the time. Having never used online services developed for transgender women in the past six months was also associated with higher odds of being HIV infected.ConclusionsTransgender women in Cambodia are at high risk of HIV. To achieve the goal of eliminating HIV in Cambodia, effective combination prevention strategies addressing the above risk factors among transgender women should be strengthened.
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Closson, Kalysha, Sabrina C. Boyce, Nicole Johns, David J. Inwards-Breland, Edwin Elizabeth Thomas, and Anita Raj. "Physical, Sexual, and Intimate Partner Violence Among Transgender and Gender-Diverse Individuals." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 6 (June 25, 2024): e2419137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.19137.
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ImportanceTransgender and gender-diverse (TGD) communities experience disproportionate levels of violence, yet due to limitations in measuring TGD identity, few state-representative estimates are available.ObjectiveTo assess gender identity differences in experiences of violence among adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCross-sectional data from the 2023 California Violence Experiences (CalVEX) survey, weighted to provide state-representative estimates, was used to assess associations between gender identity and past-year experiences of violence among adults 18 years and older. Data were analyzed from June to December 2023.ExposureGender identity (cisgender women, cisgender men, transgender women, transgender men, and nonbinary individuals).Main Outcomes and MeasuresExperience of physical violence (including physical abuse and threat or use of a weapon), sexual violence (verbal sexual harassment, homophobic or transphobic slurs, cyber and physically aggressive sexual harassment, and forced sex), and intimate partner violence (IPV; emotional, physical, or sexual violence) using age-adjusted logistic regression.ResultsIn total 3560 individuals (weighted cumulative response rate, 5%) completed the 2023 CalVEX survey, with 1978 cisgender women, 1431 cisgender men, 35 transgender women, 52 transgender men, and 64 nonbinary respondents (mean [SD] age, 47.1 [17.5] years; 635 [17%] were Asian, 839 [37%] were Hispanic, and 1159 [37%] were White). Past-year physical violence was reported by 22 transgender men (43%), 9 transgender women (24%), and 9 nonbinary respondents (14%). Past-year sexual violence was reported by 23 transgender men (42%), 11 transgender women (14%), and 31 nonbinary respondents (56%). Compared with cisgender women, transgender women and transgender men had greater risk of past-year physical violence (any form) (transgender women adjusted incidence rate ratio [AIRR], 6.7; 95% CI, 2.5-18.2; transgender men AIRR, 9.7; 95% CI, 5.3-17.7), as well as past-year IPV (any form) (transgender women AIRR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.3-8.0; transgender men AIRR, 6.7; 95% CI, 4.0-11.3). Relative to cisgender women, transgender men (AIRR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.7-5.1) and nonbinary respondents (AIRR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.1-5.2) had greater risk of past-year sexual violence (any form).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this survey study of adults in California, results showed that TGD individuals, especially transgender men, are at higher risk of experiencing all forms of violence relative to cisgender women. Results highlight the need for gender-affirming violence prevention and intervention services as well as policies that protect TGD individuals from discriminatory violence.
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Mao, Jessica M., M. L. Haupert, and Eliot R. Smith. "How Gender Identity and Transgender Status Affect Perceptions of Attractiveness." Social Psychological and Personality Science 10, no. 6 (June 27, 2018): 811–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550618783716.
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Can a perceiver’s belief about a target’s transgender status (distinct from gender nonconforming appearance) affect perceptions of the target’s attractiveness? Cisgender, heterosexual men and women ( N = 319) received randomly assigned labels (cisgender cross-gender, transgender man, transgender woman, or nonbinary) paired with 48 cross-sex targets represented by photos and rated the attractiveness and related characteristics of those targets. The gender identity labels had a strong, pervasive effect on ratings of attraction. Nonbinary and especially transgender targets were perceived as less attractive than cisgender targets. The effect was particularly strong for male perceivers, and for women with traditional gender attitudes. Sexual and romantic attraction are not driven solely by sexed appearance; information about gender identity and transgender status also influences these assessments. These results have important implications for theoretical models of sexual orientation and for the dating lives of transgender people.
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van Zijverden, Lieve Mees, Chantal Maria Wiepjes, Jeske Joanna Katarina van Diemen, Abel Thijs, and Martin den Heijer. "Cardiovascular disease in transgender people: a systematic review and meta-analysis." European Journal of Endocrinology 190, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): S13—S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejendo/lvad170.
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Abstract Objective Hormone therapy in transgender people might be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to investigate whether the risk of CVD is increased in transgender people compared with people of the same birth sex. Design and methods PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched until July 2022. Studies evaluating cardiovascular events in transgender women or men were included. Primary outcomes were stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and venous thromboembolism (VTE). The risk for transgender women versus cisgender men and for transgender men versus cisgender women was analysed through random-effects meta-analysis. Results Twenty-two studies involving 19 893 transgender women, 14 840 transgender men, 371 547 cisgender men, and 434 700 cisgender women were included. The meta-analysis included 10 studies (79% of transgender women and 76% of transgender men). In transgender women, incidence of stroke was 1.8%, which is 1.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-1.8) times higher than in cisgender men. Incidence of MI was 1.2%, with a pooled relative risk of 1.0 (95% CI, 0.8-1.2). Venous thromboembolism incidence was 1.6%, which is 2.2 (95% CI, 1.1-4.5) times higher. Stroke occurred in 0.8% of transgender men, which is 1.3 (95% CI, 1.0-1.6) times higher compared with cisgender women. Incidence of MI was 0.6%, with a pooled relative risk of 1.7 (95% CI, 0.8-3.6). For VTE, this was 0.7%, being 1.4 (95% CI, 1.0-2.0) times higher. Conclusions Transgender people have a 40% higher risk of CVD compared with cisgender people of the same birth sex. This emphasizes the importance of cardiovascular risk management. Future studies should assess the potential influence of socio-economic and lifestyle factors.
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Sun, Christina J., Kirsten M. Anderson, Tamara Kuhn, Liat Mayer, and Charles H. Klein. "A Sexual Health Promotion App for Transgender Women (Trans Women Connected): Development and Usability Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 5 (May 12, 2020): e15888. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15888.
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Background HIV severely impacts the transgender communities in the United States, and transgender women have the highest HIV incidence rates among any identified risk group. Guided by formative research with transgender women and by an expert advisory panel of transgender women, we designed a prototype mobile app to promote HIV prevention among transgender women. Objective This study aimed to develop and test the usability and acceptability of the prototype Trans Women Connected mobile app. Methods We engaged in a 3-phase prototype development process. After conducting formative research about the health needs of this population, we outlined a theory-based app framework and developed three prototype activities (ie, a vision board, a pre-exposure prophylaxis [PrEP] education activity, and an interactive map). We then tested the usability and acceptability of the mobile app and activities with 16 transgender women using pre- and posttests, think-aloud protocols, and open-ended questions. Results Participants reported high acceptability for the mobile app; the mean rating across all usability and likability questions was 5.9 out of 7. Service utilization intention, goal setting, and social support increased at posttest compared with pretest. Increases in self-efficacy in finding lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer–friendly services; intention to seek online social support; and PrEP knowledge were statistically significant. Participants described the app as attractive and useful and perceived all three activities positively. Conclusions This study describes the development and usability and acceptability evaluation of a prototype mobile app designed for and with transgender women for HIV prevention. The usability testing findings provided important insights toward refining and the further development of the Trans Women Connected mobile app. The results suggest that a mobile health intervention can support positive changes. The remaining development and efficacy randomized trial of the Trans Women Connected mobile app is currently underway.
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Unger, Cecile. "Update on Gender-Affirming Treatment for the Transgender Woman." Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 35, no. 05 (September 2017): 442–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1604454.
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AbstractTransgender women often transition with cross-sex hormone therapy and some opt to further affirm themselves with breast augmentation, facial feminization procedures, and/or vaginoplasty surgery. When considering medical and surgical transition for the transgender woman, careful preoperative evaluation and individual assessment is imperative and the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) Standards of Care provide the framework from which health care providers and surgeons may assess eligibility for affirming treatments. Vaginoplasty for the transgender woman may be performed by a variety of techniques, mainly penile inversion vaginoplasty or intestinal segment vaginoplasty. Surgical outcomes vary according to technique, and the unique risks, advantages, and disadvantages must be considered. Outcomes appear to be satisfactory following vaginoplasty surgery, but prospective, long-term data are still lacking. Providers should be aware of the peri- and postoperative management of the transgender women after genital surgery, as many women require ongoing care and management after surgery.
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Mabel Gomes Fonseca, Kevla. "Fisioterapia pelvica nas disfuncoes pos transgenizacao em mulheres trans: revisao." Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia Pelvica 2, no. 3 (December 10, 2022): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.62115/rbfp.2022.2(3)58-67.
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Background: Transgender people are those whose gender identities differ from those intended for the sex they were assigned at birth. A transgender woman is every person who claims recognition as a woman. Among transgender people, some choose to undergo gender reassignment surgery. Aims: To gather and analyze works focused on the performance of physiotherapy in the postoperative period of reassignment surgery. Method: Integrative review on the main dysfunctions presented in the postoperative period of reassignment surgery; search in the Scielo, PubMed, PEDro databases for the descriptors: “trans women”, “pelvic floor”, “physiotherapy”, “pelvic floor”, “transgender people”, “physical therapy modalities”. Results: Found 20 articles, 6 included. Discussion: Surgeries can cause urinary, anorectal and sexual dysfunctions. Despite the strong performance of Pelvic Physiotherapy for these dysfunctions in cis women, the performance and scientific production for trans women is scarce. Conclusion: Pelvic Physiotherapy resources that already exist should benefit the trans population, but there is still a shortage in the literature aimed at this population.
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Mount, Liz. "“I Am Not a Hijra”: Class, Respectability, and the Emergence of the “New” Transgender Woman in India." Gender & Society 34, no. 4 (August 2020): 620–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243220932275.
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This article examines the mutual imbrication of gender and class that shapes how some transgender women seek incorporation into social hierarchies in postcolonial India. Existing literature demonstrates an association between transgender and middle-class-status in the global South. Through an 18-month ethnographic study in Bangalore from 2009 through 2016 with transgender women, NGO (nongovernmental organization) workers and activists, as well as textual analyses of media representations, I draw on “new woman” archetypes to argue that the discourses of empowerment and respectability that impacted middle-class cisgender women in late colonial, postcolonial and liberalized India also impact how trans women narrate their struggles and newfound opportunities. Trans woman identities are often juxtaposed to the identities of hijras, a recognized (yet socially marginal) group of working-class male-assigned gender-nonconforming people. Instead of challenging stereotypes of gender nonconformity most evident in the marginalization of hijras, some transgender women are at pains to highlight their difference from hijras. These trans women are from working-class backgrounds. It is partly their similarities in class location that propel trans women’s efforts to distinguish themselves from hijras. They employ the figure of the disreputable hijra to contain negative stereotypes associated with gender nonconformity, thus positioning their identities in proximity with middle-class respectable womanhood.
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Fein, Lydia A., and Staci J. Marbin. "Condylomata acuminata of the neovagina in a transgender woman treated with trichloroacetic acid." International Journal of STD & AIDS 31, no. 10 (July 21, 2020): 1011–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462420937161.
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Condylomata acuminata (genital warts) have been identified in transgender women after gender affirmation surgery. We describe a case of a 57-year-old transgender woman with biopsy-proven neovaginal condylomata acuminata following gender-affirmation vaginoplasty using the penile skin inversion technique. The patient was successfully treated with trichloroacetic acid. To our knowledge, this is the first case report demonstrating successful treatment of neovaginal condyloma with trichloroacetic acid. We provide a review of the relevant literature and highlight the evidence for the clinical utility of trichloroacetic acid in transgender women with condyloma of the neovagina.
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Kalavacherla, Sandhya, Paul Riviere, Sruthi Kalavacherla, Jennifer T. Anger, James D. Murphy, and Brent S. Rose. "Prostate Cancer Screening Uptake in Transgender Women." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 2 (February 14, 2024): e2356088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.56088.
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ImportanceThere is no consensus in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening guidelines regarding transgender women despite their known prostate cancer risk.ObjectiveTo identify factors associated with recent (within the last 2 years) PSA screening in transgender women compared with cisgender men.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case-control study used data from the 2018 and 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys to characterize rates of PSA screening for prostate cancer within the past 2 years and multivariable logistic regressions to characterize factors associated with recent screening among transgender women. The BRFSS program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention annually surveys over 400 000 US adults on behavioral risk factors, chronic illnesses, and use of preventive services. Respondents to the BRFSS who were cisgender men or transgender women 40 years or older and who had complete PSA testing responses and no prostate cancer history were included; 313 transgender women and 138 937 cisgender men met inclusion criteria. Matching was performed by age, race and ethnicity, educational level, employment, annual income, survey year, and cost barriers to care. Data were collected on November 2, 2022, and analyzed from November 2, 2022, to December 3, 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRates of and factors associated with recent PSA screening in transgender women.ResultsAmong the 1275 participants included in the matched cohort (255 transgender women and 1020 cisgender men; 570 [44.7%] aged 55-69 years), recent PSA screening rates among transgender women and cisgender men aged 55 to 69 were 22.2% (n = 26) and 36.3% (n = 165), respectively; among those 70 years and older, these rates were 41.8% (n = 26) and 40.2% (n = 98), respectively. In the matched cohort, transgender women had lower univariable odds of recent screening than cisgender men (odds ratio [OR], 0.65 [95% CI, 0.46-0.92]; P = .02). In a hierarchical regression analysis adding time since the last primary care visit, effect size and significance were unchanged (OR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.42-0.87]; P = .007). After adding whether a clinician recommended a PSA test, there was no statistically significant difference in odds of screening between transgender women and cisgender men (OR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.45-1.27]; P = .21). The results were further attenuated when clinician-led discussions of PSA screening advantages and disadvantages were added (OR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.47-1.31]; P = .32). In a multivariable logistic regression among transgender women, having a recommendation for PSA testing was the factor with the strongest association with recent screening (OR, 12.40 [95% CI, 4.47-37.80]; P < .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this case-control study of one of the largest cohorts of transgender women studied regarding PSA screening, the findings suggest that access to care or sociodemographic factors were not principal drivers of the screening differences between transgender women and cisgender men; rather, these data underscore the clinician’s role in influencing PSA screening among transgender women.
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Wang, Gang, David Ferguson, Diana N. Ionescu, Lien Hoang, Sarah Barrett, Dirk van Niekerk, James Neil Rose, and Christian Kollmannsberger. "HPV-Related Neovaginal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Presenting as Lung Metastasis after Male-to-Female Gender Confirmation Surgery." Case Reports in Oncology 13, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000504936.
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There have been 4 reported cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the neovagina in transgender women. In this report, we present another case of neovaginal SCC in a transgender woman, which was HPV-related, with lung metastasis as the initial presentation, and which was also complicated by her previous history of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. This unique case highlights the diagnostic challenges in these unusual scenarios. Through this report, we hope to address the benefits of multidisciplinary tumor board rounds, provision of detailed clinical information, and familiarization of the transgender anatomy within the pelvis in this group of patients. We also propose that transgender women undergo a continuous annual follow-up after postoperative follow-up is completed.
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Hoffman, Beth. "An Overview of Depression among Transgender Women." Depression Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/394283.
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Rates of depression are higher in transgender women than in the general population, warranting an understanding of the variables related to depression in this group. Results of the literature review of depression in transgender women reveal several variables influencing depression, including social support, violence, sex work, and gender identity. The theoretical constructs of minority stress, coping, and identity control theory are explored in terms of how they may predict depression in transgender women. Depression and depressive symptoms have been used to predict high-risk sexual behaviors with mixed results. The implications of the findings on treating depression in transgender women include taking into account the stress of transition and the importance of supportive peers and family. Future studies should explore a model of depression and high-risk behaviors in transgender women.
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Kusumawardani, Vidya, Nobertus Ribut Santoso, and Dewi Maria Herawati. "YOUTUBE AS A MEDIA EXPRESSION OF TRANSGENDER WOMEN." ASPIRATION Journal 1, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.56353/aspiration.v1i1.8.
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YouTube becomes an alternative media to represent homosexual identity that is not portrayed by mainstream media. Dinda Syarief, one of transgender women, uses this platform to express herself as a transgender woman. This research investigates 32 YouTube videos uploaded on her YouTube channel by using content analysis from May 2019 to March 2020. The study reveals that based on the themes, the YouTube videos mostly discussed about her photoshoot activities, apartment tours, truths and dares about Dinda Syarief, modelling, her achievement to be the third winner of Miss International Queen in Thailand and make-up tutorial. Based on transgender-specific issues, disclosure becomes the issue mostly discussed in her videos such as the transition from male to female, surgery, and family reaction after she became a transgender woman. Meanwhile, based on the physical transition, hormones, surgery, voice, and non-surgical procedures become the issues mostly discussed.
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Murphy, Timothy F. "Assisted Gestation and Transgender Women." Bioethics 29, no. 6 (December 17, 2014): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12132.
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Jones, BP, NJ Williams, S. Saso, M‐Y Thum, I. Quiroga, J. Yazbek, S. Wilkinson, S. Ghaem‐Maghami, P. Thomas, and JR Smith. "Uterine transplantation in transgender women." BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology 126, no. 2 (September 20, 2018): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.15438.
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Poteat, Tonia, Sari L. Reisner, and Anita Radix. "HIV epidemics among transgender women." Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 9, no. 2 (March 2014): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coh.0000000000000030.
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Thomas, Jacqueline Francine, and Jake Bush. "Hormone Therapy for Transgender Women." Journal for Nurse Practitioners 16, no. 8 (September 2020): 637–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.03.020.
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Ingham, Matthew D., Richard J. Lee, Dhara MacDermed, and Aria F. Olumi. "Prostate cancer in transgender women." Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 36, no. 12 (December 2018): 518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2018.09.011.
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Breda, Ido, Iris Yaish, Yael Sofer, Karen Michele Tordjman, and Yona Greenman. "A Cross Sectional Analysis of the Prevalence of Co-Morbidities in Older Transgender Individuals Receiving Hormone Affirming Therapy in Comparison With the General Population." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A786—A787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1600.
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Abstract Background: Transgender individuals feel an incongruity between the assigned gender at birth and their gender identity. Because the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and morbidity associated with cross-sex hormonal therapy is not well established, particularly in the older transgender population, we set out to compare it to that of the general population. Methods: Data were collected from medical records of transgender patients treated in the Endocrine Institute at the Tel Aviv-Sourasky Medical Center until October 2018. Data from the Israel National Health Survey INHIS-3 2013-2015 were used as reference. Results: 104 (75 transgender women and 29 transgender men) patients over 35 y were identified. The median follow up time was 3 y (1-6.1). Transgender women had a high standardized prevalence rate (SPR) of overweight, smoking and engaging in physical exercise, but not of dyslipidemia compared with cisgender men and women. The SPR for overweight was high in transgender males compared with cisgender men and women. The SPR for smoking and dyslipidemia was high in transgender men compared with cisgender women but not men. Depression and anxiety were markedly increased in transgender women compared with cisgender men [SPR 5.5 (95% CI 3.3-8.5), p<0.001] and women [SPR 2.8 (95% CI 1.7-4.3), p<0.001] in the control population. The SPR of hypertension, diabetes and cerebrovascular disease was not elevated among transgender patients. Conclusions: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors but not cardiovascular morbidity was higher in the transgender patients compared with the general population. Further studies including a larger population and a longer follow up time are needed to better assess the impact of a high prevalence of risk factors on cardiovascular morbidity on the long run.
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Baldinger-Melich, Pia, Maria F. Urquijo Castro, René Seiger, Anne Ruef, Dominic B. Dwyer, Georg S. Kranz, Manfred Klöbl, et al. "Sex Matters: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis of Sex- and Gender-Related Neuroanatomical Differences in Cis- and Transgender Individuals Using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Cerebral Cortex 30, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 1345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhz170.
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Abstract Univariate analyses of structural neuroimaging data have produced heterogeneous results regarding anatomical sex- and gender-related differences. The current study aimed at delineating and cross-validating brain volumetric surrogates of sex and gender by comparing the structural magnetic resonance imaging data of cis- and transgender subjects using multivariate pattern analysis. Gray matter (GM) tissue maps of 29 transgender men, 23 transgender women, 35 cisgender women, and 34 cisgender men were created using voxel-based morphometry and analyzed using support vector classification. Generalizability of the models was estimated using repeated nested cross-validation. For external validation, significant models were applied to hormone-treated transgender subjects (n = 32) and individuals diagnosed with depression (n = 27). Sex was identified with a balanced accuracy (BAC) of 82.6% (false discovery rate [pFDR] < 0.001) in cisgender, but only with 67.5% (pFDR = 0.04) in transgender participants indicating differences in the neuroanatomical patterns associated with sex in transgender despite the major effect of sex on GM volume irrespective of the self-identification as a woman or man. Gender identity and gender incongruence could not be reliably identified (all pFDR > 0.05). The neuroanatomical signature of sex in cisgender did not interact with depressive features (BAC = 74.7%) but was affected by hormone therapy when applied in transgender women (P < 0.001).
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Raturahmi, Leadya, Nadya Dinda Putri, Chotijah Fanaqi, and Rosanti U. D. S. Yatnosaputro. "The Identity of Garut Transgenders in Social Media." Jurnal ILMU KOMUNIKASI 20, no. 2 (December 11, 2023): 315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/jik.v20i2.5586.
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The background of this research is the use of social media by transgenders in the Garut Regency, although the transgender issue is contradictory to Indonesian values. This qualitative research uses rational choice theory to analyze social media usage as an identity for transgenders in the Garut Regency. The data are collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and literature study. The results show that transgenders use social media as an associative interaction. It shows their identity by 'behaving gender' and expressing the 'sense of we' as Sundanese women.
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Sevelius, Jae, and Valerie Jenness. "Challenges and opportunities for gender-affirming healthcare for transgender women in prison." International Journal of Prisoner Health 13, no. 1 (March 13, 2017): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijph-08-2016-0046.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to briefly address three interrelated areas of concerns – victimization, housing placement and healthcare provision – related to the health and welfare of transgender women in jails, prisons and other types of detention facilities. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on a growing body of research on health risks for transgender women who are detained in facilities in California and elsewhere, the authors provide recommendations for policy and practice that constitutes gender-affirming healthcare for transgender women behind bars. Findings Policymakers, correctional leaders, and prison-based clinicians have a number of opportunities to address the welfare of transgender women in jails, prisons and other types of detention facilities. Originality/value This policy brief offers concrete steps government officials can take to better meet their professional and constitutional obligations, provide higher quality care for transgender women involved in the criminal justice system, and effectuate positive changes in transgender women’s health and welfare both inside and outside of carceral environments.
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Salazar, Laura F., Richard A. Crosby, Jamal Jones, Krishna Kota, Brandon Hill, and Katherine E. Masyn. "Contextual, experiential, and behavioral risk factors associated with HIV status: a descriptive analysis of transgender women residing in Atlanta, Georgia." International Journal of STD & AIDS 28, no. 11 (January 12, 2017): 1059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462416686722.
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This study assessed the prevalence of self-reported HIV infection among a community sample of transgender women and identified associated contextual, experiential, and behavioral factors. Ninety-two transgender women completed a self-administered interview. Recruitment occurred through an LGBT service organization, a transgender support group, transgender advocates, and informal communications. Eighty-two percent were African American/Black. Of 83 who knew their status, 60% reported being HIV infected. High rates of childhood sexual abuse (52%), rape (53%), intimate partner violence (56%), and incarceration (57%) were reported. Many did not have health insurance (53%), were not employed full-time nor in school (63%) and had been recently homeless (49%). HIV-infected transgender women as compared to HIV-uninfected transgender women were more likely to be African American/Black ( P = 0.04), and older than 34 years ( P = 0.01), unemployed/not in school ( P < 0.001). HIV-infected transgender women also experienced less trans-related discrimination ( P = 0.03), perceived less negative psychosocial impact due to trans status ( P = 0.04) and had greater happiness with their physical appearance ( P = 0.01). HIV-infected transgender women may experience relatively less trans-related stress compared to their HIV-uninfected counterparts. High rates of HIV, trauma, and social marginalization raise concerns for this population and warrant the development of structural and policy-informed interventions.
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Abdul Hadi Said, Farah Natashah Mohd, Samsul Draman, Mohd Aznan Md Aris, and Rawahah Husna Ramli. "Transgender Women in Malaysia: A review of health related issues and challenges." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 2 (April 7, 2021): 1188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i2.4655.
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Transgender refers to individuals who perceive their gender differently from their original gender assigned at birth. Transgender women are those who were assigned male gender at birth but expressed themselves as female later on in their life. The numbers of transgender women in Malaysia have been increasing rapidly. Along with this increment, health problems related to this population has grown. Despite this, there is no specific local guideline about the health issues and its management related to this population. Many health professions out there did not know what to expect when dealing with transgender women. Unlike the original male or female, transgender women have their own unique needs as well as health problems related to their lifestyle. Furthermore, some of their health problems are related to the general population, such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and sexually transmitted disease (STD). Failure to identify and manage the problems among transgender women will eventually contribute to an increase in cumulative HIV and STD cases in our country. Hence, the aimed of this article was to review current knowledge on transgender women’s health issues and challenges, especially in the context of the local population. This review also emphasizes that healthcare professionals in Malaysia need to have at least a basic knowledge of transgender women’s health issues.
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Ratnawati, Ratnawati. "The Success of Transgenders In The Election Process For Public Officials: A Public Policy Reform In Indonesia." Eduvest - Journal of Universal Studies 2, no. 12 (December 20, 2022): 2743–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v2i12.658.
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This study aimed to examine transgender people's success in Indonesia's election for public officials. This victory is the first that happened in the country’s public officials election. As transgenders face discriminative acts which impede their public opportunities, it is interesting to investigate the factors contributing to this election victory. This is a public policy reform in Indonesia. This present study incorporated a focus group discussion (FGD) approach and in-depth interviews. Thirty-two key informants were selected, followed by document reviews. The results showed that the transgender success in elections for public officials is due to utilizing the shift in the heteronormative habitus in society, the possessed capital, and the social domain by building relationships and communication between organizations and institutions. This study contributes to empirical evidence that transgender people could win the election for public officials in a society that firmly holds the values of first and second or male and female gender identity. Practically, it provides input to policymakers to make requirements as public officials limited to men and women and also include transgender as a third gender identity.
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Fitria, Vany, Desika Putri Mardiani, and Abdulsalam Aderibigbe. "The Public Perceptions of Transgender Identity as 'the Other' in Social Media." Jurnal Riset Komunikasi 7, no. 1 (March 14, 2024): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.38194/jurkom.v7i1.990.
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Waria also known as transgender women, despite consistent exclusion from society, are becoming increasingly visible in Indonesia during the era of globalization. In recent years, they have gained more popularity by leveraging the rapid development of social media. This study aims to critically examine public perceptions of transgender, using the case of one of Indonesia's most famous transgender figures, Lucinta Luna. The researcher analyses Instagram users’ comments on her account, as a representation of how the public responds to Luna's identity as a transgender. This study utilizes a qualitative approach and thematic analysis as the analytical method. To analyze the data, this research uses Computer-Aided Qualitative Analysis Software (CAQDAS) NVivo 12. Furthermore, this study adopts Hall's theory of 'the other' to critically examine how Indonesians respond to transgenders. This research found that two significant themes emerged from overall Instagram users' comments on Luna's identity, which are negative and positive public perceptions. In both themes, three sub-themes emerged: sarcasm, religious criticism, and sexual harassment in the negative theme, and admiration, comedy, and a supportive attitude in the positive theme.
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Mulia, Harpan Reski. "Gender dan Orientasi Seksual Waria: Faktor Pembentukannya pada Lingkungan Keluarga." Journal An-Nafs: Kajian Penelitian Psikologi 6, no. 1 (May 24, 2021): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33367/psi.v6i1.1328.
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This paper specifically explores the role of the family in shaping the gender identity of shemale and how the gender of shemale refers to their sexual orientation. This research conduct in Yogyakarta with a qualitative research method. Data obtained by using interviews, observation, and documentation. The subjects in this study were six transgender people. The research data was then analyzed by referring to Miles and Huberman's opinion, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. This study shows that the family has a role in shaping the identity of transgender women, both indirectly and indirectly, namely by giving toys that are not by gender, providing bullying with the call of transgender. The family's direct role is to direct children to become transgender women because "Banci" people perceive them as sacred people in some cultures. This study also shows that sexually transgender women are men, while their sexual orientation likes men. Transgender women are categorized as homo because they understand that they have a female soul to carry out roles as women in all respects, including sexual relations.
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Reisman, Tamar, Zil Goldstein, and Joshua D. Safer. "A REVIEW OF BREAST DEVELOPMENT IN CISGENDER WOMEN AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSGENDER WOMEN." Endocrine Practice 25, no. 12 (December 2019): 1338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/ep-2019-0183.
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Objective: The objective of this article is to describe the hormonal pathways required for breast development in cisgender women and to review the current available literature describing breast growth and breast cancer risk in transgender women. Methods: Literature review and discussion. Results: Early mammary tissue development occurs prenatally. This process is hormone-independent and occurs similarly in males and females. Breast tissue is quiescent until puberty, at which time surging estrogen levels in cisgender girls mediate breast development and growth. Adult breast tissue composition further evolves in cisgender women during pregnancy, lactation, and menopause, revealing the ever-changing interplay between breast structure and hormonal environment. Conclusion: Breast growth is a significant physical endpoint in the hormonal treatment of transgender women. Transgender hormone regimens, which typically pair an estrogen with an anti-androgen, can help achieve this goal.
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Merritt, Brandon. "Speech beyond the binary: Some acoustic-phonetic and auditory-perceptual characteristics of non-binary speakers." JASA Express Letters 3, no. 3 (February 2023): 035206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0017642.
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Speech acoustics research typically assumes speakers are men or women with speech characteristics associated with these two gender categories. Less work has assessed acoustic-phonetic characteristics of non-binary speakers. This study examined acoustic-phonetic features across adult cisgender (15 men and 15 women) and subgroups of transgender (15 non-binary, 7 transgender men, and 7 transgender women) speakers and relations among these features and perceptual ratings of gender identity and masculinity/femininity. Differing acoustic-phonetic features were predictive of confidence in speaker gender and masculinity/femininity across cisgender and transgender speakers. Non-binary speakers were perceptually rated within an intermediate range of cisgender women and all other groups.
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Ali Shah, Sharaf, Shahina Qayyum, Saifullah Baig, Nikhat Iftikhar, Rubab Lubna Bukhari, Wajid Ali, Marina Smelyanskaya, and Jacob Creswell. "Results of community-based TB and HIV screening among transgender women and male sex workers in Pakistan." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): e0000913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000913.
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In Pakistan and globally, a large proportion of people with TB who are not receiving treatment are key populations with poor access to diagnosis and care. Transgender women and male sex workers (MSW) are heavily stigmatized and marginalized groups. While HIV rates are well documented among these key populations, little such data exists for TB. We engaged local organizations working with transgender women and MSW communities in Karachi and five urban cities in Sindh Province. People from the communities served as screening facilitators and treatment supporters. Verbal screening was followed by testing with Xpert MTB/RIF and HIV testing was offered. People with TB were supported through treatment. We screened 18,272 transgender women and 24,253 MSW. 8,921 (21.0%) individuals had presumptive TB and 7,472 (83.8%) provided sputum samples. We detected 438 (5.9%) people with positive results including 140 transgender women and 298 MSW. Including people diagnosed clinically, 625 people with TB were identified and 98.1% initiated treatment. Overall, 1.5% of people screened had TB, 1.7% among MSW and 1.1% among transgender women. Of 1,508 people tested for HIV, 243 had HIV infection (HIV+). The rates of TB among HIV+ transgender women (8.8%) were slightly lower than among MSW (10.3%). Previously, few attempts have been made to address TB in transgender women and MSW. Our work shows that these groups carry a significant burden of both TB and HIV in Pakistan and do not regularly access services. Effective interventions should include the engagement of community leaders and peers.
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Cornelius, Judith B., and Charlene D. Whitaker-Brown. "African American Transgender Women’s Individual, Family, and Organizational Relationships: Implications for Nurses." Clinical Nursing Research 26, no. 3 (January 25, 2016): 318–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054773815627152.
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Guided by the relational cultural theory, we conducted a qualitative study to examine the relationship experiences of African American transgender women living in North Carolina. A convenience sample of 15 transgender women participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews, guided by an investigator-developed interview guide, were used to explore the personal experiences of transgender women on individual, family, and organizational levels. The findings provide a scheme for understanding the process through which transgender women’s relationships hinder or enhance their ability to connect with individuals, family, and organizations. Nurses can use these findings to better understand the connectedness that occurs or does not occur in transgender women’s relationships and provide culturally competent care to empower them to become resilient.
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Chang, Theresa Li-Yun, Annie Wang, Alisa C. Herbst, Cyril Hernandez, Jeet Vaishnav, Alexander Lemenze, Shobha Swaminathan, et al. "Macrophage scavenger receptor 1, a suppressor of HIV infection, is down-regulated in transgender females." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2023): 75.44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.75.44.
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Abstract Transgender people are at greater risk than cisgender people of acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Globally, the risk of acquiring HIV infection is nearly 49 times higher in transgender women than in other populations. Although behavioral and psychosocial factors contribute to the higher HIV risk in transgender people, gender-affirming hormone (GAH) (i.e., testosterone for transgender individuals assigned female at birth or estrogen/antiandrogen for transgender individuals assigned male at birth) may alter immune cell functions, resulting in increased HIV transmission. We have profiled gene expression of PBMCs from transgender females and males and have identified four specific genes (MTND1P23, IGSF10, MSR1, and DUXAP9) that were differentially expressed in transgender females. Among these genes, macrophage scavenger receptor 1 was down-regulated 0.5- or 0.4-fold compared to cis females and cis males, respectively. Transient expression of MSR1 suppressed in vitro HIV infection, suggesting that MSR1 protects cells against HIV. The data indicate that down-regulation of MSR1 in transgender women may play a role in their increased HIV risk. Future studies on the mechanisms by which MRS1 inhibits HIV infection may offer new strategies for HIV prevention in transgender women. NIH R21AI55322
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Kurth, Florian, Christian Gaser, Francisco J. Sánchez, and Eileen Luders. "Brain Sex in Transgender Women Is Shifted towards Gender Identity." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 6 (March 13, 2022): 1582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11061582.
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Transgender people report discomfort with their birth sex and a strong identification with the opposite sex. The current study was designed to shed further light on the question of whether the brains of transgender people resemble their birth sex or their gender identity. For this purpose, we analyzed a sample of 24 cisgender men, 24 cisgender women, and 24 transgender women before gender-affirming hormone therapy. We employed a recently developed multivariate classifier that yields a continuous probabilistic (rather than a binary) estimate for brains to be male or female. The brains of transgender women ranged between cisgender men and cisgender women (albeit still closer to cisgender men), and the differences to both cisgender men and to cisgender women were significant (p = 0.016 and p < 0.001, respectively). These findings add support to the notion that the underlying brain anatomy in transgender people is shifted away from their biological sex towards their gender identity.
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Lim, Hui Yin, Shalem Y. Leemaqz, Niloufar Torkamani, Mathis Grossmann, Jeffrey D. Zajac, Harshal Nandurkar, Prahlad Ho, and Ada S. Cheung. "Global Coagulation Assays in Transgender Women on Oral and Transdermal Estradiol Therapy." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 7 (May 15, 2020): e2369-e2377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa262.
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Abstract Context The thrombotic effects of estradiol therapy in transgender women are unclear. Global coagulation assays (GCA) may be better measures of hemostatic function compared with standard coagulation tests. Objective To assess the GCA profiles of transgender women in comparison to cisgender controls and to compare how GCA differ between routes of estradiol therapy in transgender women. Design Cross-sectional case-control study. Setting General community. Participants Transgender women, cisgender male and cisgender female controls. Main outcome measures Citrated blood samples were analyzed for (i) whole blood thromboelastography (TEG®5000), (ii) platelet-poor plasma thrombin generation (calibrated automated thrombogram); and (iii) platelet-poor plasma fibrin generation (overall hemostatic potential assay). Mean difference (95% confidence intervals) between groups are presented. Results Twenty-six transgender women (16 oral estradiol, 10 transdermal estradiol) were compared with 98 cisgender women and 55 cisgender men. There were no differences in serum estradiol concentration (P = 0.929) and duration of therapy (P = 0.496) between formulations. Transgender women demonstrated hypercoagulable parameters on both thromboelastography (maximum amplitude + 6.94 mm (3.55, 10.33); P < 0.001) and thrombin generation (endogenous thrombin potential + 192.62 nM.min (38.33, 326.91); P = 0.009; peak thrombin + 38.10 nM (2.27, 73.94); P = 0.034) but had increased overall fibrinolytic potential (+4.89% (0.52, 9.25); P = 0.024) compared with cisgender men. No significant changes were observed relative to cisgender women. Route of estradiol delivery or duration of use did not influence the GCA parameters. Conclusion Transgender women on estradiol therapy demonstrated hypercoagulable GCA parameters compared with cisgender men with a shift towards cisgender female parameters. Route of estradiol delivery did not influence the GCA parameters.
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Antony, Benson N., and Shima Mathew. "Anatomization of the ‘Transmind’ and Transgender Sexual Identity in Indian Trans Women Autobiographies." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 5 (May 27, 2024): e07185. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n5-122.
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Objectives: This article examines recent autobiographies by Indian transgender women authors to understand their journey towards success and to analyze the psychological development of the "Trans mind", a term representing the complexities of transgender individuals' minds. Theoretical Framework: The study integrates Freudian, Lacanian, and cognitive developmental theories of gender identity, particularly Lawrence Kohlberg's model, to explore the formation of transgender individuals' identities. Method: The research employs qualitative analysis of autobiographical narratives to delve into the psychological experiences and development of transgender individuals, focusing on the relationship between body and mind, the fluidity of gender binaries, and identity formation. Results and Discussion: The study uncovers fresh insights into the intricate interplay between body and mind, challenging traditional notions of gender identity. It highlights the complexity of the transgender experience and the need for a deeper understanding of the "Trans mind" to foster empathy and support within the community. Research Implications: The findings contribute to a deeper comprehension of transgender psychology and identity development, offering potential avenues for therapeutic intervention and social support initiatives tailored to the needs of transgender individuals. Originality/Value: This research offers a novel perspective on transgender psychology, synthesizing diverse theoretical frameworks to shed light on the unique challenges and experiences faced by transgender individuals in India. It emphasizes the importance of recognizing and validating the lived experiences of transgender individuals to promote their well-being and social integration.
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Khumaidi, Khumaidi, and Yona Sri. "DETERMINANT FACTOR OF CONDOM USE AMONG MEN SEX MEN AND TRASNGENDER WOMEN IN SOUTHEAST ASIA REGION : A LITERATURE REVIEW." International Journal of Nursing and Health Services (IJNHS) 1, no. 2 (January 3, 2019): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35654/ijnhs.v1i2.22.
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Abstract
Background : based on data from UNAIDS 2017 reported that men sex men(MSM) and other MSM (transgender women) accounted for 12 percent of new HIV infections in 2017. The Asia Pacific region is one of the regions that contributes new HIV cases from MSM and transgender women. Unprotected anal sex is a major cause of HIV transmission among MSM and transgender women. Objective: the study aimed to describe determinan factors of condom use among men sex men and transgender women in Southeast Asia region. Methods : we search literature from various relevant sources. Five databases including PubMed, PROQUEST, Plos One, Science Direct and Ebsco were included in this study. Results : several factors that contribute to condom use such as individual factors including attitudes, knowledge related to HIV, decreased sexual pleasure, substance use and gender presentation. Other factors that influence condom use are family support, peer support and experience of physical violence and sexual abuse. the type of partner and the amount of pay for sex among transgender women also influence condom use. Conclusion :several factors are noted from individual, social, family and sex partner. Further research especially intervention research, it is necessary to consider the factors that influence condom use before developing interventions for MSM and transgender women.
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Raza, Hina, and Dr Shaista Jabeen. "Stigma and Guilt among Transgender Women- Moderating Role of Coping Strategies." Journal of Professional & Applied Psychology 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52053/jpap.v3i1.86.
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Transgender people go through negative experiences from multiple aspects. As their needs are unrecognized, hence not fulfilled. Consequently, they do not enjoy social inclusiveness. A correlational research design was used to investigate the relationship between stigma and guilt, transgender women (Trans women) experience in Pakistan. It examines the moderator role of coping strategies they use. The sample consisted of 155 Trans women within a18 to 65 years recruited through purposive sampling. Urdu versions of three scales, including Transgender Identity Stigma Scale (TISS), State Shame and Guilt Scale (SSGS), and The Brief COPE Inventory, were used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. Hierarchical Regression Analysis (HRA) was used to test the moderator effect of four types of coping strategies in relation to stigma and guilt among transgender women. The coping strategies assessed by The Brief COPE Inventory included Active Avoidance Coping, Problem Focused Coping, Positive Coping and Denial/Religion Coping Strategies. Results indicated that stigma and guilt were significantly and positively related. Amongst four coping strategies, only positive coping strategies played a partial moderating role in the relationship of stigma and guilt among Transgender women (R2 = .16). The need to understand the experiences of transgender women and the importance of actions to deal with this phenomenon have been highlighted. Findings of the research carry implications of using positive coping strategies in other stressful situations. Further, early identification of transgender specific needs and the role of supportive care services have been discussed.
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Buriticá López, Isabel Cristina. "Las Políticas Públicas Mujer y Géneros y LGBT y el caso de las transgeneristas." La Manzana de la Discordia 5, no. 1 (March 16, 2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/lamanzanadeladiscordia.v5i1.1528.
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Resumen: Este artículo se propone analizar algunosaspectos de las acciones que se han realizado en relacióncon las políticas públicas Mujer y Géneros y LGBT de laciudad de Bogotá en cuanto ellas afectan la problemáticade las transgeneristas, con el fin de presentaralgunas consideraciones que aporten en el actualproceso de construcción de políticas públicas LGBT ennuestro país, y en especial en lo que se refiere a lasacciones para mitigar la problemática de las transgeneristas.Para ello, se hará uso de los informes deejecución relacionados con las políticas públicas Mujery Géneros y LGBT de la ciudad de Bogotá.Palabras clave: Políticas públicas, mujer, género,LGBT, transgeneristas, reconocimiento.Abstract: This article analyzes some aspects of theactions carried out in the city of Bogotá, in relation withthe public policies of gender and LGBT (lesbian, gay,bisexual, transgender and transvestite) in so far as theyaffect the problems faced by transgendered women, inorder to contribute to the actual process of constructionof public policies for the LGBT sector in our country,with special regard to those actions that might mitigatethe plight of transvestites. We will use the reports aboutresults obtained with the public policies for women andthe LGBT sector in Bogotá.Key words: Public policies, woman, gender, LGBT,transgender, recognition
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Kalichman, Seth C., Dominica Hernandez, Stephanie Finneran, Devon Price, and Redd Driver. "Transgender women and HIV-related health disparities: falling off the HIV treatment cascade." Sexual Health 14, no. 5 (2017): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh17015.
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Background Transgender women living with HIV infection experience poorer health outcomes across the HIV continuum of care. While disparities are well established, their underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study examined the HIV continuum of care (also known as the HIV treatment cascade), including linkage and engagement in care and health status among transgender women and cisgender women and cisgender men living with HIV. Method: Case-control matching was applied to a cohort of 1101 people living with HIV; 70 transgender women living with HIV were matched on years since testing HIV positive with cisgender women and cisgender men. Participants provided measures indicative of the HIV treatment cascade that included linkage and engagement in care, receiving and adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and HIV viral suppression. Common correlates of HIV-related health status: depression symptoms, HIV-related stress, alcohol and drug use, healthcare conspiracy beliefs, medical mistrust, emotional social support and tangible social support, were also assessed. Results: Transgender women were significantly less likely to receive ART, were less adherent to ART and had poorer HIV viral suppression than cisgender persons. Multivariable models demonstrated that health disparities were predicted by transgender women having poorer tangible social support over and above the other correlates of health outcomes. Conclusion: Tangible support is amenable by interventions such as building and strengthening supportive networks and paraprofessional services. Socially supportive interventions should be considered critical in efforts to decrease HIV health disparities among transgender women.
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Yadukumar, Lekha, Yuvaraj Singh, Neethi Dasu, Yaser Khalid, and Maya Gogtay. "Beyond the binary: Analysis of esophageal cancer hospitalizations in the transgender population, a national inpatient sample study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2023): e18888-e18888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e18888.
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e18888 Background: Transgenders are individuals with a gender identity that differs from their sex at the time of birth. Over > 1.6 million adults identify themselves as transgender in the US, of which 39% are women and 36% are men. While gender differences in cancer prevalence have been well established between men and women, very few studies evaluate the prevalence of cancer in patients who identify as transgender people. We aimed to evaluate the trends of esophageal cancer admission hospitalizations in the transgender population compared to the general population. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the data obtained from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database. Data were sampled from 2015 to 2020 utilizing the ICD-10 codes of esophageal cancer and patients( > 18 years) who identified as transgender. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were the length of stay (LOS) and total costs in the hospital, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratio. Results: A total of 212,425 patients with esophageal cancer were admitted between 2015- 2020, of which 97,950 were transgender. The mean age was 33 vs. 34 years in the general population. Both groups were predominantly Caucasian (65% vs. 68%), followed by African Americans (15.2% vs. 5.2%). Median household income (MHI) in transgender people was commonly in the lower quartile (27.8%). In cisgender patients, 37% had a MHI in the 26th-50th followed by 26% in the 76th-100th percentile. Inpatient mortality in transgender patients with esophageal cancer was OR = 5.1[1.8-8.3] (p < 0.05). The average LOS was higher in the transgender population by 2.15 days [1.1-3.1](p < 0.05). Increased LOS in teaching hospitals by 1.3 days [1.08- 1.59] (p < 0.001) and larger hospitals by 1.4 days [0.51- 2.28] (p < 0.001) was observed. The total cost of admission was significantly different in teaching hospitals ($27,774, p < 0.001). Conclusions: We found a significant difference between the inpatient outcomes of transgender and the general population. Despite the markedly low representation of transgender people in the national cancer registries, they experienced an increased mean length of stay and mortality compared to cisgenders with esophageal cancer. Further investigation is required to determine the cause of disparity in healthcare utilization amongst the gender-diverse population. [Table: see text]
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Anzani, Annalisa, Chiara De Panfilis, Cristiano Scandurra, and Antonio Prunas. "Personality Disorders and Personality Profiles in a Sample of Transgender Individuals Requesting Gender-Affirming Treatments." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (February 27, 2020): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051521.
Full textAbstract:
The study aims to explore the personality patterns of a group of transgender individuals who accessed an Italian gender clinic to undergo gender affirming treatments, by evaluating both dimensional personality domains proposed by the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders and categorical DSM-IV personality disorder (PD) diagnoses. Eighty-seven participants (40 transgender women and 47 transgender men) completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders. Scores obtained were compared to those of the normative samples of cisgender women and men. Results indicated that transgender women scored lower than cisgender women on two main domains (Negative Affectivity and Psychoticism) and on seven facets. As for transgender men, lower scores than cisgender men were found on Antagonism and on five facets. Transgender men scored higher than cisgender men on Depressivity. Nearly 50% of participants showed at least one PD diagnosis, with no gender differences in prevalence. Borderline PD was the most frequent diagnosis in the overall sample. Self-report measures provide a less maladaptive profile of personality functioning than the clinician-based categorical assessment. Results are interpreted in the light of the Minority Stress Model and support the need for a multi-method assessment of personality in medicalized transgender people.