Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transhumance

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Academic literature on the topic 'Transhumance'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 January 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Transhumance"

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Oteros-Rozas, Elisa, Berta Martín-López, César A. López, Ignacio Palomo, and José A. González. "Envisioning the future of transhumant pastoralism through participatory scenario planning: a case study in Spain." Rangeland Journal 35, no. 3 (2013): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj12092.

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Transhumance is a practice of nomadic pastoralism that was once common in Mediterranean Europe. This livestock-rearing system is associated with the maintenance of cultural landscapes and the delivery of a wide range of ecosystem services. Although transhumance is still practised in Spain on a small scale, its future is highly uncertain because of socioeconomic constraints and other drivers of change. A participatory scenario-planning exercise with 68 participants, including shepherds, decision-makers, veterinarians, environmental experts, intermediaries from the wool and meat markets, and researchers, was used to envision plausible futures for transhumance and to enlighten policy-making for the maintenance of this practice along the Conquense Drove Road, one of the largest foot-based transhumant social-ecological networks still in use in Spain. Specifically, the aims were to: (1) analyse the drivers influencing the future of transhumance, (2) depict the current situation of transhumance, (3) envision future scenarios for this activity, (4) analyse ecosystem services’ trade-offs between different scenarios and their effect on human wellbeing, and (5) provide some insights for policy-making related to the maintenance of transhumance. Four plausible future scenarios were built, each showing clear trade-offs in the delivery of 19 ecosystem services, such as food, fibre, ecological connectivity, soil fertility, air quality, fire prevention, cultural identity, local ecological knowledge and cultural exchanges, as well as the different dimensions of human wellbeing. As a result of the participatory process, nine management strategies were identified for the maintenance of transhumance. Priority was given to the implementation of payment schemes for ecosystem services, the enhancement of social capital among transhumants and institutional coordination, the improvement of product marketing, and the restoration and conservation of drove roads. Finally, the implications of the current reform of the Common Agricultural Policy in the European Union for the maintenance of transhumance are discussed.
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KPEROU GADO, Byll O., Ismaïla TOKO IMOROU, Ousséni AROUNA, Habirou SIDI IMOROU, and Madjidou OUMOROU. "Déterminants des itinéraires de transhumance à la périphérie de la réserve de biosphère transfrontalière du W au Bénin." Journal of Applied Biosciences 152 (August 31, 2020): 15650–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.152.5.

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Objectifs : la présente étude vise à identifier les facteurs concourant à la définition des itinéraires de transhumance et analyser la perception des éleveurs transhumants sur les déterminants de ces itinéraires en vue d’une amélioration de la prise de décision dans la gestion des écosystèmes pâturés. Méthodologie et résultats : la démarche méthodologique a consisté à cartographier, avec le logiciel ArcGIS 10.4, les infrastructures pastorales et à faire une enquête socioéconomique de la perception des transhumants sur la situation et la gestion des couloirs. Les résultats indiquent l’existence de couloirs locaux ou communaux, intercommunaux et régionaux autour de la réserve. Il existe des liens significatifs entre couloirs et points d’eau, postes vétérinaires frontaliers, marchés à bétail, parcs de vaccination, pharmacies et cabinets vétérinaires. Dans certaines zones, les couloirs n’existent pas, sont obstrués, non fonctionnels ou confondus aux pâturages. Les itinéraires sont dynamiques et régressent numériquement avec le temps du fait de la dégradation des parcours, de l’obstruction des couloirs, des conflits et de l’assèchement des points d’eau. L’histoire, la culture et les institutions aussi sont déterminants. Conclusions et application des résultats : les déterminants des itinéraires de transhumance à la périphérie de la réserve du W sont historiques, culturels, environnementaux, socio-économiques et institutionnels. Les différents types de couloirs sont interconnectés. Une gestion rationnelle, apaisée et durable des itinéraires de transhumance nécessite une connaissance approfondie de ces déterminants dans les écosystèmescibles. La mise en place d’une base de données permettrait aux autorités à divers niveaux d’avoir une vue d’ensemble sur la répartition de ces infrastructures et des outils d’aide à la décision pour une meilleure valorisation du pastoralisme et un meilleur suivi des ressources et infrastructures pastorales. Mots clés : couloirs de transhumance, représentation cartographique, analyse de perception, réserve de biosphère transfrontalière du W du Bénin. Kperou Gado et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Déterminants des itinéraires de transhumance à la périphérie de la réserve de biosphère transfrontalière du W au Bénin 15651 Determinants of transhumance corridors at the periphery of the transboundary biosphere reserve of W in Benin ABSTRACT Objectives: this study aims to identify the factors contributing to the definition of transhumance corridors and analyse the perception of transhumant herders on the determinants of these corridors with a view to improving decision-making in the management of grazed ecosystems. Methodology and results: the methodological approach consisted on mapping, with ArcGIS 10.4 software, pastoral infrastructures and carrying out a socio-economic survey of the perception of transhumants on the situation and management of the corridors. The results indicate the existence of local or municipal, intermunicipal and regional corridors around the reserve. There are significant links between corridors and water points, border veterinary posts, livestock markets, vaccination parks, pharmacies and veterinary surgeries. In some areas, the corridors do not exist, are obstructed, non-functional or confused with pastures. The corridors are dynamic and regress numerically over time due to the deterioration of the pastures, the obstruction of the corridors, conflicts and the drying up of water points. History, culture and institutions are also crucial. Conclusions and application of results: the determinants of the transhumance corridors on the periphery of the W reserve are historical, cultural, environmental, socio-economic and institutional. The different types of corridors are interconnected. Rational, peaceful and sustainable management of transhumance routes requires an in-depth knowledge of these determinants in the target ecosystems. The establishment of a database would allow authorities at various levels to have an overview of the distribution of these infrastructures and decision-making tools for better valorisation of pastoralism and better monitoring of pastoral resources and infrastructures. Keywords: transhumance corridors, cartographic representation, perception analysis, Benin W transboundary biosphere reserve.
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Azalou, Maximilien, Alassan Assani Seidou, Brice Gérard Comlan Assogba, Josias Steve Adjassin, Hilaire Sorébou Sanni Worogo, Mohamed Nasser Baco, and Ibrahim Alkoiret Traoré. "Calendrier pastoral et carte de transhumance des éleveurs exploitant les ressources pastorales de la commune de Djidja au Sud Bénin." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 72, no. 1 (May 16, 2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.31727.

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Djidja est l’une des plus grandes communes productrices agricoles du département du Zou au sud du Bénin. De par ses ressources fourragères et hydriques, elle est devenue une destination des éleveurs transhumants. Les mouvements des éleveurs transhumants continuent de s’étendre, de même que les séjours dans cette zone d’accueil s’allongent. L’étude a eu pour objectif global d’élaborer le calendrier pastoral et la carte de transhumance des éleveurs fréquentant cette commune. Des entretiens semi-structurés ont été conduits auprès de 300 acteurs de la transhumance. L’enquête a montré que la transhumance dans cette commune était surtout due à la recherche de ressources fourragères et hydriques (78,7 %). Sept périodes (Seeto, Nduungu Mawdo, Nduungu Pamarel, Jahol, Djaamdè, Dabuundè et Cheedu) ont été identifiées dans le calendrier des transhumants fréquentant cette zone avec une particularité de deux périodes de Nduungu (saison des pluies). Cette particularité est liée aux données climatiques de la zone qui comprend quatre saisons, dont deux pluvieuses et deux sèches. Le calendrier pastoral, l’itinéraire suivi et les temps de séjour dépendaient de la disponibilité des ressources pastorales des zones d’attache, de transit et d’accueil. Ainsi, la bonne connaissance des pistes empruntées, des points d’entrées et de sorties, et des périodes d’accueil des éleveurs transhumants serviront d’outils aux décideurs en matière de gestion durable de la transhumance et des ressources pastorales au sud du Bénin.
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Fernández-Giménez, María E. "THE DECLINE AND REVITALISATION OF TRANSHUMANCE IN THE VALLES OCCIDENTALES OF SPAIN’S ARAGONESE PYRENEES." Nomadic Peoples 28, no. 2 (September 18, 2024): 217–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/whpnp.63837646691056.

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This case study of the decline and revitalisation of transhumance in the Valles Occidentales challenges the dominant narrative that transhumance is a practice of the past without present-day relevance and viability. Drawing from interviews and participant observation with current and former transhumant herders in 2010 and 2018, this case illustrates that transhumance remains an important adaptation to take advantage of varying forage availability over space and time, using a production system that is more profitable than semi-extensive management with winter stable feeding. Social concerns, rising winter-forage costs and declining labour availability led most herders in the Valles to abandon transhumance in the 1980s. In the 2010s, increasing profitability, changing technology and increasing cooperation facilitated revitalisation, while shifting social norms and gender roles both facilitated and challenged continuity of transhumance. This case study suggests a number of interventions that could support revitalisation and continued viability of transhumance in other regions of Spain. This article was published open access under a CC BY-NC 4.0 licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ .
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Mukako, Placide Bwija, Nathan Nyongombe Utshudienyema, and Freddy Okitayela Onawoma. "La transhumance bovine : une opportunité pour l’amélioration de l’élevage bovin dans le territoire d’Uvira, Province du Sud Kivu en République Démocratique du Congo." Revue Africaine d’Environnement et d’Agriculture 6, no. 2 (July 3, 2023): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rafea.v6i2.9.

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Description du sujet: Avec l’immensité et la viabilité des pâturages, le territoire d’Uvira connait une transhumance interne et une entrée massive des bovins des pays voisins, le Rwanda et le Burundi. Cette transhumance est influencée par la disponibilité du pâturage dans les milieux de transit et d’accueil des bovins en transhumance. Objectif: La présente étude vise à évaluer les opportunités de développement (amélioration) de l’élevage bovin à travers la transhumance pratiquée à Uvira en République Démocratique du Congo. Méthodes: La collecte des données a été réalisée auprès de 192 enquêtés sélectionnés de façon aléatoire sur base d’un questionnaire semi-structuré complété par les entretiens individuels et des focus groupe couplés aux observations des races bovines en transhumance. Les données quantitatives collectées ont été traitées avec Excel 2016 et l’analyse de contenu a été employée pour les données qualitatives. Résultats: Les résultats d’enquêté ont montré que la transhumance bovine est une opportunité de développement de l’élevage bovin à Uvira. Elle est pratiquée par des éleveurs autochtones (Bafuliiru, Barundi, Banyamulenge) et étrangers (Rwandais et Burundais) pendant la saison sèche (novembre- mai). Les cheptels des transhumants étrangers sont constitués des bovins des races améliorées (Sahiwal, Brun suisse, Frisonne, Jersey et Friesland) préférées par les éleveurs autochtones qui élèvent les races locales (N’dama et Ankolé). Conclusion: Par manque d’encadrement des éleveurs, plusieurs cheptels bovins sont constitués des races locales (Ndama et Ankolés) à l’exception des cheptels en transhumance constitués des races améliorées (Sahiwal, Brun suis, Friesland, Frisonne et Jersey provenant du Rwanda, du Burundi, de l’Ouganda et de la Tanzanie). English title: Bovine transhumance: an opportunity to improve cattle farming in the territory of Uvira, South Kivu Province in the Democratic Republic of Congo Description of the subject: With the immensity and viability of the pastures, the territory of Uvira is experiencing internal transhumance and a massive entry of cattle from neighboring countries, Rwanda and Burundi. This transhumance is influenced by the availability of pasture in the transit and reception environments for cattle on transhumance. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the opportunities for development (improvement) of cattle breeding through transhumance practiced in Uvira in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods: Data collection was carried out among 192 randomly selected respondents on the basis of a semistructured survey questionnaire supplemented by individual interviews and focus groups coupled with observations of cattle breeds in transhumance. The quantitative data collected was processed with Excel 2016 and content analysis was used for qualitative data. Results: The results of the survey showed that cattle transhumance is an opportunity for the development of cattle breeding in Uvira. It is practiced by indigenous herders (Bafuliiru, Barundi, Banyamulenge) and foreign herders (Rwandans and Burundians) during the dry season (November-May). The herds of foreign transhumants consist of cattle of improved breeds (Sahiwal, Swiss Brown, Frisian, Jersey and Friesland) preferred by indigenous breeders who breed local breeds (N'dama and Ankolé). Conclusion: Due to the lack of supervision of breeders, several cattle herds are made up of local breeds (Ndama and Ankolés) with the exception of transhumance herds made up of improved breeds (Sahiwal, Brun suis, Friesland, Friesian and Jersey from Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda and Tanzania).
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Oyetola, Wilfried Délé, Maimouna Diéne, Kiffopan Benjamin M'Bari, Bassirou Bonfoh, and Rianatou Bada Alambedji. "Transhumance transfrontalière du bétail et répartition spatiale de la brucellose en Côte d’Ivoire." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 75, no. 4 (December 16, 2022): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.36997.

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La Côte d’Ivoire est un pays ouvert à la transhumance transfrontalière du fait de son climat et du potentiel de son marché dans l’espace ouest-africain. Le partage d’espaces, les contacts et les activités socioéconomiques induisent l’émergence et la transmission de plusieurs maladies infectieuses dont la brucellose. L’objectif de cette étude a été d’explorer la répartition spatiale de la brucellose induite par la transhumance en Côte d’Ivoire. Des analyses sérologiques ont été effectuées sur 885 bovins, 83 ovins, 14 caprins et 63 bouviers dans sept régions, dont cinq recevant le bétail transhumant et deux n’en recevant pas. Les séroprévalences individuelles ont été de 4,86 % (intervalle de confiance [IC] 95 % : 3,18‒6,53) chez les bovins, 4,82 % (IC95 % : 0‒10,27) chez les ovins et 7,14 % (IC95 % : 0‒23,11) chez les caprins ; aucun cas n’a été relevé chez les bouviers. La transhumance en provenance des pays limitrophes n’a pas augmenté la séroprévalence de la maladie dans les élevages sédentaires. Les bovins de la zone de transhumance étaient moins infectés (4,1 %) que ceux de la zone où ce type de mobilité n’était pas pratiqué (7,8 %). Les taux de séroprévalence élevés du bétail sédentaire en zone hors transhumance suggèrent d’intensifier le contrôle de la brucellose au niveau des élevages sédentaires.
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Aguilera-Alcalá, Natividad, Eneko Arrondo, Roberto Pascual-Rico, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, José M. Gil-Sánchez, José A. Donázar, Marcos Moleón, and José A. Sánchez-Zapata. "The value of transhumance for biodiversity conservation: Vulture foraging in relation to livestock movements." Ambio 51, no. 5 (December 7, 2021): 1330–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01668-x.

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AbstractIn recent decades, intensive techniques of livestock raising have flourished, which has largely replaced traditional farming practices such as transhumance. These changes may have affected scavengers’ behaviour and ecology, as extensive livestock is a key source of carrion. This study evaluates the spatial responses of avian scavengers to the seasonal movements of transhumant herds in south-eastern Spain. We surveyed the abundance of avian scavengers and ungulates, and analysed the factors affecting the space use by 30 GPS-tracked griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus). Griffons’ foraging activity increased in the pasturelands occupied by transhumant herds, which implied greater vulture abundance at the landscape level during the livestock season. In contrast, facultative scavengers were more abundant without transhumant livestock herds, and the abundance of wild ungulates did not change in relation to livestock presence. We conclude that fostering transhumance and other traditional farming systems, to the detriment of farming intensification, could favour vulture conservation.
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Ragkos, Athanasios, Alexandros Theodoridis, and Georgios Arsenos. "Alternative Approaches of Summer Milk Sales from Transhumant Sheep and Goat Farms: A Case Study from Northern Greece." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 13, 2019): 5642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205642.

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Sheep and goat transhumance provides a wide range of ecosystem services (ES). Transhumance-specific dairy products could function as a nexus between the system and the public, incorporating ES which are not remunerated in markets, but in Greece, there are actually no such dairy products. Within this context, the objective of this paper was to present a case study regarding a comparative assessment of three different approaches (supply chains) in milk sales from transhumant farms. The first involved production of cheese on-farm and direct sales to consumers. In the second approach, farmers sold their milk to the same industry throughout the year, where it was mixed with milk from non-transhumant farms. The third approach concerned cheese produced solely from milk of transhumant flocks in a small dairy in the highlands. An assessment framework was developed examining the perceived quality; economic performance of farms; compatibility and; representativeness and contribution of each approach. Based on five in-depth interviews with farmers and dairies, it was found that a combination of the three approaches would be beneficial for farms—to decrease risks—and for the system as a whole, in order to convey the ‘agro-pastoral message’ to wider audiences and to increase the recognisability of transhumance. In addition, the analysis showed that the economic performance of each approach was related more to managerial issues and organizational requirements rather than to the achievement of higher prices and more added value in the first and third approach.
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SKLAVOU, Paraskevi, Maria KARATASSIOU, Zoi PARISSI, Georgia GALIDAKI, Athanasios RAGKOS, and Anna SIDIROPOULOU. "The Role of Transhumance on Land Use /Cover Changes in Mountain Vermio, Northern Greece: A GIS Based Approach." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 45, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha45210933.

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Transhumant flocks graze the vegetation of medium and high elevation rangelands during late spring to autumn depending on the geographical area and climatic conditions. This study aimed to assess and interpret the impacts of transhumance decline on the land use/cover on Mountain Vermio, for the period 1985-2009. For many years, this area has received high stocking rates from transhumant livestock. However, during the last 30 years transhumance has been dramatically decreased. Land cover changes have been identified using a post classification comparison approach within a Geographical Information Systems environment. Moreover, the rate and the spatial differentiation of land use/cover were determined by means of the Dynamic Degree Index. According to the results, the acreage of grasslands and grazed open forests has decreased during the study period (3% and 83% respectively), while shrublands demonstrated an opposite trend with an increase of 25%. Furthermore, based on the Dynamic Degree Index, the greatest changes occurred in the conversion of grazed open forests and shrublands, compared to other land use/cover categories. This can be attributed to changes in sheep and goats populations grazing in the area, also related to the dispersion of flocks in local rangelands. Moreover, this article presents the results of a questionnaire survey on transhumant herders. These results, combined with the assessment of changes in the Dynamic Degree Index, reflect the difficulties that farmers face in terms of access to rangelands and their increased awareness regarding the environmental role of transhumance.
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Wolff, Martine. "THE SHEPHERD COMMUNITY OF THE ALBANIAN ALPS: PERSPECTIVE ON THE IMPORTANCE OF PRESERVING TRANSHUMANCE PRACTICES." Nomadic Peoples 28, no. 2 (September 18, 2024): 275–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/whpnp.63837646691058.

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This study, part of a request for UNESCO to protect the practice of transhumance, provides a reflection carried out by shepherds in dialogue with pastoral agents who have accompanied them for several years. The dynamics of transhumance, a multi-millennial practice, links to a group of populations and a particular civilisation characterised by a historical, linguistic, cultural and social specificities. Transhumant pastoralism belongs to their cultural identity. Considering current governance systems, the problem exposed will be studied according to what constitutes the phenomenon of transhumance and its historical evolution. How are the shepherds situated in terms of resilience and resistance? What are their vulnerabilities and their capacities for adaptation? What is their conception of appropriate governance while respecting their traditional culture? This text intends to give some answers that they provided. This article was published open access under a CC BY-NC 4.0 licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ .
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transhumance"

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Moreno-García, Marta. "The archaeozoology of transhumance in medieval Spain." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433096.

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Moneyron, Anne. "Transhumance et éco-savoir : reconnaissance des alternances écoformatives /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39014923x.

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Texte remanié de: Th. doct.--Sci. de l'éducation--Tours, 2001. Titre de soutenance : Éco-savoir, transformation expérientielle et alternances : contributions à l'approche anthropo-formation du geste à partir de conversations sur la peur de la nature et la vigilance des bergers transhumants des Pyrénées.
Bibliogr. p. 223-231. Index.
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Diouf, Ibrahima Faye. "Système mixte agriculture irriguée et élevage transhumant : l'enjeu autour de l'accès aux ressources foncières dans la moyenne vallée du fleuve Sénégal." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20084/document.

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Dans un contexte d’aménagement de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal et de développement de l’agriculture irriguée, les populations d’éleveurs mettent en avant un ensemble de stratégies afin de renforcer leurs exploitations familiales. En effet, depuis les crises de sécheresse des années 1970-1980, la situation de l’élevage transhumant dans la vallée ne cesse de se détériorer et sa pérennisation remise en cause, en raison de la réduction des parcours pastoraux. L’objectif de ce travail est de faire comprendre les stratégies de survie mises en application par les éleveurs pour maintenir leurs exploitations viables. Un travail d’enquête chez 41 chefs d’exploitations a permis d’analyser les logiques de diversification agricole et de capitalisation foncière chez les Peul Walwalbé. Pour face faire à l’expansion des Périmètres Irrigués Villageois, les éleveurs ont choisi de renforcer leur pratique de l’agriculture irriguée afin de varier leurs sources de revenus et d’avoir un meilleur accès aux parcours post-culturaux. Dans les communautés rurales de Gamadji et de Guédé village situées dans la moyenne vallée, les éleveurs sont très présents dans les systèmes de production irriguée. Plusieurs modes de tenures foncières leur permettent, en plus des cultures céréalières de décrues ou pluviales, de développer les spéculations maraîchères (tomate et oignon) plus rentables. L’agriculture irriguée offre aussi aux agro-éleveurs un accès privilégié aux parcours post-culturaux. Leur présence dans les terroirs du Waalo est aussi un moyen de garantir leur droit foncier traditionnel sur ces terres. Ainsi la pratique de l’agriculture irriguée répond à des logiques financières et foncières. Alors que la pratique d’élevage ne permet pas aux éleveurs Peul d’avoir accès à la terre, l’agriculture irriguée apparaît comme une stratégie détournée de capitalisation foncière. La pratique conjointe de l’agriculture irriguée et de l’élevage transhumant a permis l’émergence d’un territoire agropastoral autour du département de Podor composé: de parcours de décrue, de parcours post-culturaux, de points d’abreuvement sur fleuve, de piste de transhumance…. Pour autant, les mouvements de transhumance restent la pratique centrale chez les éleveurs Peul de la moyenne vallée et les déplacements de longues durées encore de mises
In the development of the Senegal River Valley and more precisely irrigated agriculture, pastoralist populations put forward a set of strategies to strengthen family farms. Since the 1970-1980 drought crises the situation of nomadic livestock as well as sustainability challenges in the valley continues to deteriorate, due to the reduction of rangeland. This work aims to understand the survival strategies adopted by farmers to keep their farms viable. Survey work in 41 farm managers was used to analyze the logic of agricultural diversification and land capitalization among Fulani Walwalbé. To face to the expansion of Irrigated Village Perimeters, ranchers have chosen to strengthen their practice of irrigated agriculture to vary their sources of income and have better access to postharvest lands. Farmers in rural communities of Gamadji and Guede towns located in the middle valley are very present in irrigated production systems. In addition to the rain fed cereal production, the several modes of land tenure permit them to speculate on profitable horticulture, such as vegetable crops (tomato and onion). Irrigated agriculture also provides breeders the privilege to access to post- harvest lands. Their presence in the Waalo land is also a means of ensuring their traditional land rights on these lands. Thus the practice of irrigated agriculture meets financial and property logic. While farming practice does not allow Fulani herders have access to land, irrigated agriculture appears as a strategy to move away from land capitalization. The joint practice of irrigated agriculture and livestock transhumance has encouraged the emergence of an agro-pastoral area around Podor made of: golf recession, post-crop lands, water points, transhumance pathways.... However, transhumance movements remain the central practice among Fulani herders of the middle valley and long displacement periods still possible
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Kupiec, Patrycja M. "Transhumance in the North Atlantic : an interdisciplinary approach to the identification and interpretation of Viking-Age and Medieval shieling sites." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230708.

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This thesis contributes new archaeological evidence to the debate on transhumance in the Viking and Medieval Periods in Iceland and the Outer Hebrides. It examines shielings in these two regions at new levels of detail, and with new techniques, to improve previous methodologies for the identification of periodically occupied settlements. It presents detailed geoarchaeological studies of the floor deposits at both known and putative shieling sites in Iceland and the Western Isles, which demonstrate that micromorphological analysis is a method capable of distinguishing between periods of punctuated and permanent occupation. The results of these analyses form the basis of a new analytical and interpretive framework suited to identify and study periodic occupation at shieling sites in the North Atlantic region. The micromorphological studies, contextualized by a review of ethnographic sources, provide new insights into the potential flexibility of the type and duration of occupation at Icelandic and Hebridean shielings, and demonstrate that high-resolution geoarchaeological techniques might be essential to disentangle these changes. By integrating archaeological, historical, and ethnographic sources for the first time, this work also provides new insights into Norse shieling economies in Iceland and the Western Isles of Scotland. This analysis reveals a picture of multi-faceted shieling activities, with the use of shielings adapted to fit unique local conditions in different Norse colonies, proving that rigid models cannot be used to study past transhumant practices. The study of the archaeology of Viking-age and medieval shielings, and the medieval saga literature and later folklore that relate to shielings, demonstrates that shielings were conceptualized as different to farms, and that they played an important role in shaping the social relationships and identities of those engaged in summer transhumance. Through this holistic approach to the study of Viking-age and medieval shielings, a fuller picture of Norse society emerges, in which seasonal pastoral settlements are given a more prominent place alongside other features of the Viking and medieval landscape in the North Atlantic region.
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Akhlas, M. "Transhumance Pastoralism in the Deosai Plateau : Social, Economic and Ecological Conflicts." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520429.

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This study evaluates diet overlap between Himalayan brown bear and livestock, requirement and competition for forage resources and livestock impacts on habitat suitability for brown bear, economics of the grazing systems and opportunity cost of exclusion and conflicts between pastoralists and Himalayan brown bear. Research questions were tested between resident grazed buffer, nomad grazed buffer, nomad grazed core and ungrazed core. The study area comprised the Deosai National Park (hereafter referred to as the DNP, 2,950 krrr'), the contiguous Sadpara Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS, 300 km2) to the northeast, and the unprotected Chota Deosai (400 km2) to the south (Fig. 1; chapter 1). For the conservation of the Himalayan brown bear, the DNP is divided into strictly protected core zone where any pastoral activities are prohibited, surrounded by buffer zone grazed by resident and nomadic communities. However, nomadic pastoralists encroach upon the protected core and managed to maintain camps. The observed stocking density was greater in resident grazed buffer, followed by nomad grazed core. Resident pastoralists maintained higher stocking rates than the optimum stocking density suggesting their will to maximize income. Among all the grazing categories, off-take was significantly greater in resident grazed buffer. Livestock density was higher in resident grazed buffer than nomad grazed buffer and core. All the vegetation parameters studied showed impact of livestock grazing. Mean sward volume, species diversity (richness, equitability and Simpson's index) were significantly lowest in resident grazed territories. Total percent cover of grass and herb species was higher in ungrazed territories and lower in resident grazed buffer. Sward volume of the vegetation suggested impacts were similar between different grazing regimes. Buffer valleys grazed by residents experienced intense grazing pressure amounting to 90 % of potential biomass production, while buffer and illegally grazed core valleys used by nomads experienced lower but nevertheless substantial rates of biomass removal (40 - 50 %). Dietary overlap was very high between brown bear and each livestock class (Pianka's Index ranged 0.932 - 0.995) as well as among the different classes of livestock (0.891 - 0.983). Accumulated biomass and sward height (within exclosures) was greater in core areas than in the grazed buffer, suggesting that pastoralism has reduced sward productivity and .volume in grazed territories. Costs of livestock predation were less than US$ 973 (± 444 SD) yr") borne disproportionately by nomadic pastoralists, with those grazing within the strictly protected core were particularly vulnerable. Livestock predation, restricted access and crop raiding were the issues of conflicts pastoralist and brown bear. Estimated livestock production value was higher in the resident grazed buffer (35.6 US$ ha") than for nomads in the core (34.5 US$ ha") or buffer (17.4 US$ ha"). Total opportunity cost (2006 and 2007) under complete exclusion of livestock from. DNP scenario is expected to be 1,256,114 and 1,209,805 (US$) for nomads and resident communities respectively.
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Sabogal, Ana. "Migration or transhumance: A form of sustainable management of natural resources in Peru." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119955.

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This paper analyzes traditional migration processes in Perú and their influence on resource conservation. In the coast as well as in the sierra and selva, migration has been part of human coexistence with fragile ecosystems, allowing their conservation. However, these processes have not been recognized by the political administration. The State should recognize the existence of migration circuits to manage resources and include them within in the planning and development strategies. That must be reflected in the ecologic and economic zoning and inthe territorial land management. At the same time, the State should look for the means to get a dialog among the diverse actors that form the migration circuits. Here, I propose to involve the migration processes within the public policy in planning as well as in the regional development.
El artículo analiza los procesos de migración tradicional en el Perú y su influencia en la conservaciónde los recursos. Tanto en la costa, como en la sierra y la selva, la migración ha formadoparte de la convivencia humana con los ecosistemas frágiles, permitiendo su conservación. Sinembargo, estos procesos no han sido reconocidos por la gestión política. El Estado debe reconocerla existencia de circuitos de migración para la gestión de recursos e incluirlos dentro de la planificacióny desarrollo regional. Ello debe reflejarse en la zonificación ecológica económica y en elordenamiento territorial. Al mismo tiempo al Estado le corresponde establecer el diálogo entrelos diversos actores que integran los circuitos de migración. Se plantea involucrar dentro de lapolítica pública los procesos de migración tanto en la planificación, como en el desarrollo regional.
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Lecomte-Emond, Marie-France. ""Errances de l'imaginaire et transhumance de l'esprit" : approche méthodologique du champ de l'imaginaire." Nancy 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN21005.

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Cette thèse est un travail de réflexion anthropologique et métaphysique à partir de l'expérience psychanalytique (freudienne et jungienne) et de la pratique de la psychologie clinique. Le postulat fondamental est que la "castration" est la coupure ontologique qui fait entrer la vie (elle-même indéfinissable autrement qu'en la réifiant) en histoire. C'est-à-dire dans la dualité, source du conflit mais d'où jaillit également la pulsion du désir - qui est désir de réunification désir de l'un. Alors que notre perception du monde ne peut être que relative et partielle, le désir cherche l'absolu et ne rencontre que des réponses qui se situent dans le "champ de l'imaginaire". Mais le fil d’Ariane qui circule dans le labyrinthe de toute existence, depuis les débuts du monde (mythe des origines), c'est la voie du symbole. Les postulats de la thèse sont appliqués à la pratique de la cure psychanalytique que, à la lecture du dessin et de la peinture d'expression libre, à la créativité, etc. . . Au carrefour des sciences humaines, la thèse tente de conjoindre la pensée "traditionnelle" et la pensée de la modernité dans une métaphysique de résurrection" par l'imaginaire créateur. . . . La philosophie échappe au discours quand elle se veut quête de sagesse : "pierre philosophale"!
This thesis is a piece of research from an anthropological and metaphysical view-point on psychoanalytical experience (both freudian and jungian) and on practical experience on psychological therapy. The basic claim is that "castration" is the ontological break which makes life (undefinable unless through its materialization) become part of history. That is to say part of duality the root of conflict, but also what gives birth to the drive of desire, a desire for reunification, a desire for unity. While we can only have a relative and partial perception of the world, desire reaches out for the absolute and only meets with answers that belong to the realm of imaginary. But there is an ariadne's clew which can be followed along the labyrinth of any existence from the beginnings of the world (myth of the origins) it's the path of symbolism. The claims of the present thesis are tested against the practise of psychoanalytical therapy and to such fields as the interpretation of free-hand drawing and painting or creativity generally. At the meeting-point of human sciences, this thesis is an attempt to combine "traditional" thinking and modern thinking to pave the way for the metaphysics of "re-surrection" through creative imagination. . . . But philosophy cannot be encompassed by words when it means to be a quest of wisdom of the "philosophers'stone"!
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Ribstein, Josiane. "La Transhumance bovine dans le massif vosgien et l'arc alpin : analyse ethno-écologique." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR20056.

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La transhumance bovine convie saisonnièrement hommes et animaux dans une relation de symbiose avec la montagne. Un état des lieux actuel dans les Alpes autrichiennes, suisses, françaises et dans les Vosges a mis en évidence un recul de cette pratique depuis l'exode rural et l'industrialisation. La transhumance se révèle parfaitement adaptée à la montagne des zones tempérées. En effet, son principe fondateur est la poursuite d'une herbe de printemps tout au long de l'été, en harmonie avec l'instinct naturel des bovins. Elle s'inscrit dans une unité territoriale circonscrite par le relief naturel. Aujourd'hui, ce pastoralisme est la concrétisation d'une recherche d'authenticité pour une population en quête de racines. Il s'exprime dans un discours différent selon les acteurs. La patrimonialisation s'approprie cette pratique ancestrale et crée un lien entre passé et présent au travers des produits traditionnels, du paysage et de la folklorisation. Notre étude met en regard cette vision moderne et une analyse ethno-écologique de la vision traditionnelle. De plus, la transhumance est une construction sociale complexe qui s'articule autour de structures aussi fondamentales que le temps, l'espace et la relation aux bovins. Une identification structurelle du groupe humain au groupe bovin dessine les contours de sociétés nomades et démocratiques qui se font et se défont chaque année. La transhumance scinde l'année calendaire en deux périodes autour de deux pôles extrêmes qui s'opposent et se définissent par deux séries syntagmatiques. Celles-ci s'articulent autour de l'été en haut et l'hiver en bas, le masculin et le féminin, l'extérieur et l'intérieur, le sauvage et le domestique. L'alternance de ces deux états, sans cesse renouvelée par les saisons, est marquée par des rites comme les mascarades ou les fêtes de transhumance. Ce balancement entraîne une régénération cyclique de ces sociétés par la production du " fruit " ou fromage et des rites de passage
Bovine transhumance invites, every season, humans and animals to a symbiosis with mountains. As it stands today, practice has decreased in Austrian, Swiss and French Alps and in Vosges, since rural exodus and industrialization. Bovine transhumance is perfectly adapted to mountains of temperate zone. Indeed, the principle on which it is grounded consists in following spring grass during the summer, by remaining in harmony with bovine natural instinct. This pastoralism takes place in a territorial unity which is determined by natural relief. Today, this practice embodies the research of authenticity for a population, which looks for its roots. The different actors understand the transhumance in two ways, what leads to two different speeches. The patrimonalization appropriates this ancestral practice and creates a link between past and present throughout traditional products, landscapes and folklorization. This work studies this modern point of view in comparison with an ethno-ecological analysis of the traditional one. Moreover, the bovine transhumance is an intricate social building, which is connected to fundamental structures like time, space and relation with bovines. A structural identification of human groups with bovine groups draws the contours of nomadic and democratic societies, which appear and disappear every year. The transhumance divides the calendar year in two periods linked to two extreme poles, antithetic and defined by two syntagmatic series. Summer, up, stands in opposition with winter, down, like masculine and feminine, outside and inside, wild and domestic. Alternation of that two estates, renewed by seasons, is marked by rites like masquerades and transhumance parties. This wavering, throughout the “fruit” or cheese production in summer, leads to cyclic regeneration of this society and to transition rites
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Ziegler, Charles. "Toxicomanie et transhumance : a propos de la prise en charge de toxicomanes francais en inde." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR1M240.

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Di, Patrizio Gabriele. "La Formation Professionnelle Continue destinée à l'adulte en situation d'emploi : entre espace d'acquisition et transhumance." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG013/document.

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Cette recherche s’intéresse à la Formation Professionnelle Continue des adultes. Elle questionne la portée de la dynamique qui se crée pendant qu’ils apprennent et se perfectionnent à l’occasion de stages de courte durée. Notre recherche a été réalisée auprès de 24 professionnels du secteur sanitaire et médico-social qui ont suivi au moins un stage entre les années 2008 et 2011. Nous les avons rencontrés dans le cadre d’un entretien semi-directif dont le guide a été élaboré à partir d’un modèle permettant de considérer l’attitude et le comportement en référence au Soi (Hamel et al., 1999). A partir d’un cadre épistémologique socioconstructiviste, l’analyse a contribué à relever non seulement, nombre d’idées forces corroborant la nécessité des stages comme espaces d’acquisition de compétences, mais aussi certaines indiquant des « transformations silencieuses » (Jullien, 2009) intervenant sur la « croissance de la vie adulte » (Bédard, 1987). Nous avons tenté de modéliser en quoi la FPC participe potentiellement de la construction identitaire du sujet
This research focuses in training adults. We question the impact of the dynamics developed while they learn together. Our research was conducted with 24 people who followed at least one internship between 2008s and 2011. We met the participants within the framework of a semi-directive interview. This technique was developed from a model which consider attitude and behavior in respect to the Self (Hamel, et al., 1999). The analysis made in a socioconstructivist epistemological frame, has contributed to underline a number of ideas which supports the necessity of the internships as a space for the acquisition of skills, and other ideas which indicate that " silent transformations " (Jullien, 2009) can occur on the " growth of adult life " (Bédard, 1987) also thanks to the internships. The diverse elements of our research allowed us to show that the training potentially contributes to the construction of identity of the subject
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Books on the topic "Transhumance"

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Saint-Fleur, Henry. Transhumance: Poésie. Montréal: Editions du CIDIHCA, 1994.

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Boulila, Monia. Transhumance sacrée. [Tunis], Tunisie: AWTAR, 2016.

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Ali, Saindoune Ben. Testaments de transhumance. 2nd ed. Moroni, Comores: Komedit, 2004.

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Ali, Saindoune Ben. Testaments de transhumance: Poésies. Saint-Denis, Ile de la Réunion: Editions Grand océan, 1996.

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Doisneau, Robert. La transhumance de Robert Doisneau. Arles: Actes Sud, 1999.

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Kiss, Mioara Mathe. Transhumanța în România. București: INTEGRAL, 2016.

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Marty, André. Au cœur de la transhumance: Un campement chamelier au Tchad central, Septembre 2006 - Avril 2007. Paris: Karthala, 2009.

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Bhasin, Veena. Himalayan ecology, transhumance, and social organisation. Delhi: Kamla-Raj Enterprises, 1988.

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J. A. David de Morais. A transmuância de gados serranos e o Alentejo. [Evora]: Câmara Municipal de Evora, 1998.

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Botalov, S. G. Nomady. Cheli︠a︡binsk: Rifeĭ, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transhumance"

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Myers, Kathleen Ann. "3. Transhumance, Diversification, and New Collaborations." In A Country of Shepherds, 96–127. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0387.03.

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This chapter highlights two key issues in pastoralism today: land usage and generational turnover; examined through the case study of Fortunato Guerrero Lara, a shepherd and land-rights leader who straddles tradition and innovation. Our author talks with three generations of shepherds, as well as “one of the few conscientious landowners” in Andalusia. We see two men who have distinctly different lifestyles and personalities united by a shared passion for their cultural and ecological heritage, evidenced by the way they care for the natural landscapes where they work. Through Fortunato, the chapter explores relationships between families of different socio-economic classes and the systems that support or restrict them, as well as glimpse what biodiversity on a multifunctional dehesa means.
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Bourdin, Stéphane. "Pratiques pastorales et transhumances en Italie centrale dans l’Antiquité." In Circulations animales et zoogéographie en Méditerranée, 99–116. Rome: Publications de l’École française de Rome, 2024. https://doi.org/10.4000/12wd1.

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Les rythmes du développement des pratiques pastorales (estivage, transhumance horizontale notamment) sont encore mal connus pour l’Italie centrale, en particulier durant l’Antiquité. Un programme de recherche vise actuellement à identifier les vestiges des activités pastorales dans le massif du Gran Sasso à l’époque romaine.
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Herring, Peter. "Early medieval transhumance in Cornwall, Great Britain." In Ruralia, 47–56. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.ruralia-eb.3.1159.

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Myers, Kathleen Ann. "1. New Directions in the Sierra Norte de Sevilla." In A Country of Shepherds, 44–69. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0387.01.

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Featuring the case study of Juan Vázquez Morán and his family, this chapter describes life within the industry of transhumance as well as the incredible dedication and commitment needed to excel in this profession, particularly to ensure ethical practices. It depicts transhumance, the seasonal movement of herd animals, as an extensive grazing model undergoing a (not entirely voluntary) process of modernization. Morán and other shepherds now own their livestock, and their family members look for other ways to develop markets for their products. He talks of the hardships and prejudice of growing up in a shepherding family but also of the heart-warming solidarity that can be found within this community. The chapter provides insights into communication between shepherds and their sheep or goats and into ethical milking practices. While highlighting the challenges of traditional pastoralism, this chapter also comments on the growing hope amongst workers as the profession develops and a larger system of support emerges. This chapter concludes with an update on Juan’s life and profession following the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Ledesma, María Isabel Mora. "Transhumance: Sustainable Strategy for Human and Ecological Conservation." In World Sustainability Series, 485–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70560-6_31.

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Chopra, Muskan. "Notion of Dwelling: Transhumance Pastoralists Raika Community, Rajasthan." In Potency of the Vernacular Settlements, 322–54. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003389002-23.

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Amoo, Raji Sulaiman. "Transhumance Nomadism and Farmer’s Conflict in Southwest Nigeria." In Africa's Global Engagement: Perspectives from Emerging Countries, 99–121. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7596-5_6.

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Nyssen, Jan, Merha Zerabruk, Jozef Naudts, Alemayehu Tadesse, Romha Assefa, Seifu Gebreslassie, Veerle Fievez, and Mitiku Haile. "Cattle Breeds, Milk Production, and Transhumance in Dogu’a Tembien." In Geo-trekking in Ethiopia’s Tropical Mountains, 415–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_28.

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Niamir-Fuller, Maryam. "11. Toward a synthesis of guidelines for legitimizing transhumance." In Managing Mobility in African Rangelands, 266–90. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780442761.011.

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Boom, Andrea, Shahina A. Ghazanfar, and Said Baquir. "Evolving Transhumance in Southern Oman: Ancient Traditions for Modern Realities." In Dwelling, 33–45. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56840-4_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transhumance"

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Mondal, Tushar. "Autonomous Transhumance." In CAADRIA 2022: Post-Carbon. CAADRIA, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.253.

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Demeure, Isabelle, Annie Gentes, Julien Stuyck, Aude Guyot-Mbodji, and Ludovic Martin. "Transhumance: A platform on a Mobile Ad hoc NETwork challenging collaborative gaming." In 2008 International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems (CTS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cts.2008.4543935.

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Aguilera-Alcalá, Natividad, Eneko Arrondo, Roberto Pascual-Rico, Zebensui Morales-Reyes, José María Gil-Sánchez, José Antonio Donázar, Marcos Moleón, and José Antonio Sánchez-Zapata. "Transhumance Offers Food Pulse to Scavengers <sup>†</sup>." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Biological Diversity, Ecology and Evolution. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdee2021-09417.

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HRACHERRASS, Loubna. "Laâzib: A dry stone architectural expression Case of the Laâzibs on the Yagour Plateau in the High Atlas of Morocco." In Vernacular Architecture: Support for Territorial Development, 48–58. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903391-6.

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Abstract. The Moroccan mountains are filled with stone constructions that showcase skills and construction techniques in harmony with the natural environment and human ways of life. Rarely studied by researchers, these architectural expressions in stone, now considered vernacular heritage, deserve to be explored and studied to uncover their uniqueness and specificities. Among these constructions is the laâzib, a form of rural dwelling characteristic of the high Atlas Mountains of Morocco. True imprints of humans on their territory, built by and for transhumance and serving both as a dwelling and a sheepfold, laâzib embody centuries-old expertise in dry stone construction Exploring this architectural expression in terms of construction methods, ways of life, and usage will be carried out through the study of the laâzibs located on the Yagour plateau, a pastoral area of over 70 km², perched between 1,900 and 2,700 meters above sea level in the High Atlas Mountains, south of Marrakech. A true crossroads for shepherds, Yagour annually hosts nearly 7,000 people from the surrounding villages and is home to several laâzibs. This article aims to explore one of the oldest examples of traditional rural dry-stone buildings in Morocco, deeply rooted in a natural environment characterized by its harshness, exceptional management system, and construction techniques infused with the genius of the place.
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Khvastunova, Yulia. "Digital Religion Of Future For Transhuman Society." In International Scientific and Practical Conference «MAN. SOCIETY. COMMUNICATION». European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.05.02.88.

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Miah, A. "Engineering greater resilience or radical transhuman enhancement?" In IET Seminar on Bionic Health: Next Generation Implants, Prosthetics and Devices. IET, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic.2009.0190.

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Genç, Çağlar, Velvet Spors, Oğuz Oz Buruk, Mattia Thibault, Leland Masek, and Juho Hamari. "Crafting Bodies and Auras: Speculative Designs for Transhuman Communication." In Mindtrek '23: 26th International Academic Mindtrek Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3616961.3617810.

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Govil, Jivika, and Jivesh Govil. "Enhancing Brain by Transforming Human to Transhuman : Vision & Possibilities." In 2008 IEEE Region 5 Conference. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpsd.2008.4562717.

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Genç, Çağlar, Velvet Spors, Oğuz 'Oz Buruk, Mattia Thibault, Leland Masek, and Juho Hamari. "Envisioning Transhuman Communication Research: Speculative Human Augmentation Technologies and Fictional Abstracts." In TEI '24: Eighteenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3623509.3633390.

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Pan, Xiao, Zongxin Yang, Jianxin Ma, Chang Zhou, and Yi Yang. "TransHuman: A Transformer-based Human Representation for Generalizable Neural Human Rendering." In 2023 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccv51070.2023.00328.

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Reports on the topic "Transhumance"

1

Rossignol, Etienne Le, and Sara Lowes. Ancestral Livelihoods and Moral Universalism: Evidence from Transhumant Pastoralist Societies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30259.

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Évaluation du projet «Promotion d’une transhumance pacifique dans la région du Liptako Gourma». FAO, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cc6334fr.

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Évaluation du projet «Appui au renforcement des mécanismes de gestion concertée et apaisée de la transhumance pour la restauration du dialogue intercommunautaire et la consolidation de la paix dans les préfectures de l'Ouham et de l'Ouham-Pendé». FAO, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4060/cc9180fr.

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