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Journal articles on the topic 'Transient Electronic Absorption Spectroscopy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Joung, Joonyoung F., Junwoo Baek, Youngseo Kim, et al. "Electronic relaxation dynamics of PCDA-PDA studied by transient absorption spectroscopy." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 33 (2016): 23096–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp03858a.

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Dittrich, Th. "Transient surface photovoltage spectroscopy of diamond." AIP Advances 12, no. 6 (2022): 065206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0089398.

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Contactless and highly sensitive probing of electronic transitions in diamond over a wide spectral range from near infrared to deep ultraviolet is still challenging. Surface photovoltage (SPV) signals depend on electronic transitions and transport phenomena leading to charge separation in space and allow for a contactless study of electronic transitions. Here, transient SPV spectroscopy in an arrangement with a charge amplifier and a laser tunable over a wide range was applied to study an undoped diamond single crystal between 0.8 and 5.9 eV at room temperature in ambient air. SPV transients were measured without and with weak visible bias light, which allowed for suppression of possible parasitic contributions in SPV signals not related to diamond and distinction of processes of charge separation that were independent of band bending. Transitions at 1.0 and 3.1 eV led to preferential separation of photogenerated holes toward the surface. In contrast, a transition at 1.8 eV caused preferential separation of photogenerated electrons toward the surface. Transitions near the indirect bandgap of diamond were observed at 5.27, 5.32, 5.48, and 5.53 eV and could be assigned to absorption assisted (i) by an indirect exciton and absorption of longitudinal optical and acoustic phonons, (ii) by absorption of transverse acoustic phonons, (iii) by emission of transverse acoustic phonons, and (iv) by emission of longitudinal optical and acoustic phonons, respectively. Charge separation under excitation at 5.27 eV was caused by directed charge transfer at/near the diamond surface after exciton diffusion followed by exciton dissociation.

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DiScipio, R. M., R. Y. Santiago, D. Taylor, and C. E. Crespo-Hernández. "Electronic relaxation pathways of the biologically relevant pterin chromophore." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 20 (2017): 12720–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp01574g.

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Morgan, David P., Cassandra J. A. Maddux, and David F. Kelley. "Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of CdSe Nanoplatelets." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 122, no. 41 (2018): 23772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b07733.

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Buntinx, G., and O. Poizat. "Time-Resolved Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Photochemical Reactive Intermediates: Radical Cation of Fluorene and Triplet State of Fluorene, Dibenzofuran and Dibenzothiophen." Laser Chemistry 10, no. 5-6 (1990): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1990/28350.

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The time-resolved Raman spectra of the first triplet state–in resonance with the Tn←T1 absorption at 370 nm–and of the radical cation transient–in resonance with the R+⋅∗←R+⋅ absorptions at 370 nm and in the 560-600 nm range-are reported for fluorene. The triplet state Raman spectra of dibenzofuran and dibenzothiophen are also given. The vibrational assignments, resonance Raman activity and intensity enhancement effects are studied. On this basis, the structures and electronic configurations of the triplet state and radical cation transients and the nature of the resonant Tn←T1 and R+⋅∗←R+⋅ transitions are discussed. It turns out from this investigation that the title molecules present close analogies with biphenyl. The insertion of a methylene group or a heteroatom does not disturb markedly the electronic properties of the ground state, the first triplet state and the radical cation transient of biphenyl.

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Sato, Shunsuke, Hannes Hübener, Umberto De Giovannini, and Angel Rubio. "Ab Initio Simulation of Attosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy in Two-Dimensional Materials." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (2018): 1777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101777.

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We extend the first-principles analysis of attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy to two-dimensional materials. As an example of two-dimensional materials, we apply the analysis to monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and compute its transient optical properties under intense few-cycle infrared laser pulses. Nonadiabatic features are observed in the computed transient absorption spectra. To elucidate the microscopic origin of these features, we analyze the electronic structure of h-BN with density functional theory and investigate the dynamics of specific energy bands with a simple two-band model. Finally, we find that laser-induced intraband transitions play a significant role in the transient absorption even for the two-dimensional material and that the nonadiabatic features are induced by the dynamical Franz–Keldysh effect with an anomalous band dispersion.

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Dean, Jacob C., Shahnawaz Rafiq, Daniel G. Oblinsky, Elsa Cassette, Chanelle C. Jumper, and Gregory D. Scholes. "Broadband Transient Absorption and Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy of Methylene Blue." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 119, no. 34 (2015): 9098–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06126.

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Tang, Longteng, Liangdong Zhu, Maraia E. Ener, et al. "Photoinduced charge flow inside an iron porphyrazine complex." Chemical Communications 55, no. 90 (2019): 13606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc06193b.

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Kolbasova, Daria, and Robin Santra. "Analytical Theory of Attosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of Perturbatively Dressed Systems." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (2019): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071350.

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A theoretical description of attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy for temporally and spatially overlapping XUV and optical pulses is developed, explaining the signals one can obtain in such an experiment. To this end, we employ a two-stage approach based on perturbation theory, which allows us to give an analytical expression for the transient absorption signal. We focus on the situation in which the attosecond XUV pulse is used to create a coherent superposition of electronic states. As we explain, the resulting dynamics can be detected in the spectrum of the transmitted XUV pulse by manipulating the electronic wave packet using a carrier-envelope-phase-stabilized optical dressing pulse. In addition to coherent electron dynamics triggered by the attosecond pulse, the transmitted XUV spectrum encodes information on electronic states made accessible by the optical dressing pulse. We illustrate these concepts through calculations performed for a few-level model.

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Büchner, Robby, Vinícius Vaz da Cruz, Nitika Grover, et al. "Fundamental electronic changes upon intersystem crossing in large aromatic photosensitizers: free base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl)porphyrin." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24, no. 12 (2022): 7505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp05420a.

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Cheatum, Christopher M., Max M. Heckscher, Dieter Bingemann, and F. Fleming Crim. "CH2I2 fundamental vibrational relaxation in solution studied by transient electronic absorption spectroscopy." Journal of Chemical Physics 115, no. 15 (2001): 7086–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1404393.

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Kobayashi, Yuki, Kristina F. Chang, Tao Zeng, Daniel M. Neumark, and Stephen R. Leone. "Direct mapping of curve-crossing dynamics in IBr by attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy." Science 365, no. 6448 (2019): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax0076.

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The electronic character of photoexcited molecules can abruptly change at avoided crossings and conical intersections. Here, we report direct mapping of the coupled interplay between electrons and nuclei in a prototype molecule, iodine monobromide (IBr), by using attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. A few-femtosecond visible pulse resonantly excites the B(Π30+), Y(0+), and Z(0+) states of IBr, and the photodissociation dynamics are tracked with an attosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulse that simultaneously probes the I-4d and Br-3d core-level absorption edges. Direct comparison with quantum mechanical simulations unambiguously identifies the absorption features associated with adiabatic and diabatic channels at the B/Y avoided crossing and concurrent two-photon dissociation processes that involve the Y/Z avoided crossing. The results show clear evidence for rapid switching of valence-electronic character at the avoided crossing.

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KANNER, G. S., S. FROLOV, and Z. V. VARDENY. "PHOTOINDUCED STRAIN AS A PROBE OF ACOUSTICAL AND ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF CONDUCTING POLYMERS." Modern Physics Letters B 09, no. 26n27 (1995): 1701–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798499500173x.

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We discuss applications of photogenerated strain in transient absorption experiments. These include measurements of sound velocity, phonon dispersion relations, and excited electronic state energy levels. In particular, we have identified a new type of spectroscopy in photoinduced absorption that can be used to detect both allowed and forbidden electronic transitions in thin semiconducting films. This technique was applied to a host of conducting polymers for which we detected energy levels of various excitonic states with odd and even symmetry.

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Chen, Lin X., Xiaoyi Zhang, Jenny V. Lockard, et al. "Excited-state molecular structures captured by X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy: a decade and beyond." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 66, no. 2 (2010): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767309051496.

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Transient molecular structures along chemical reaction pathways are important for predicting molecular reactivity, understanding reaction mechanisms, as well as controlling reaction pathways. During the past decade, X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy (XTA, or LITR-XAS, laser-initiated X-ray absorption spectroscopy), analogous to the commonly used optical transient absorption spectroscopy, has been developed. XTA uses a laser pulse to trigger a fundamental chemical process, and an X-ray pulse(s) to probe transient structures as a function of the time delay between the pump and probe pulses. Using X-ray pulses with high photon flux from synchrotron sources, transient electronic and molecular structures of metal complexes have been studied in disordered media from homogeneous solutions to heterogeneous solution–solid interfaces. Several examples from the studies at the Advanced Photon Source in Argonne National Laboratory are summarized, including excited-state metalloporphyrins, metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states of transition metal complexes, and charge transfer states of metal complexes at the interface with semiconductor nanoparticles. Recent developments of the method are briefly described followed by a future prospective of XTA. It is envisioned that concurrent developments in X-ray free-electron lasers and synchrotron X-ray facilities as well as other table-top laser-driven femtosecond X-ray sources will make many breakthroughs and realise dreams of visualizing molecular movies and snapshots, which ultimately enable chemical reaction pathways to be controlled.

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SEILMEIER, A., S. HANNA, V. A. SHALYGIN, et al. "INTERSUBBAND SPECTROSCOPY IN QUANTUM WELL STRUCTURES AT HIGH NONEQUILIBRIUM CARRIER DENSITIES." International Journal of Nanoscience 02, no. 06 (2003): 445–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x03001541.

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In the present paper, the electronic intersubband transitions in semiconductor quantum well structures are investigated using transient mid infrared absorption spectroscopy after interband photoexcitation with intense picosecond pulses in the visible spectral range. The focus of our investigations is on the e2–e3 intersubband transition in an asymmetric undoped GaAs / AlGaAs quantum well (QW) structure at room temperature. At injected nonequilibrium carrier densities of 1×1013 cm -2 per QW, an e2–e3 absorption band at 99 meV is found which is blue-shifted with increasing carrier density. Intersubband absorption signals are distinguished from free-carrier absorption signals in the mid infrared (MIR) by their characteristic time behavior.

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Bazlov, N., O. Vyvenko, A. Bondarenko, et al. "Capacitance Transient X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of semiconducting structures." Superlattices and Microstructures 45, no. 4-5 (2009): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2009.01.004.

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Wirth, A., R. Santra, and E. Goulielmakis. "Real time tracing of valence-shell electronic coherences with attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy." Chemical Physics 414 (March 2013): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.06.003.

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Nyakuchena, James, Xiaoyi Zhang, and Jier Huang. "Synchrotron based transient x-ray absorption spectroscopy for emerging solid-state energy materials." Chemical Physics Reviews 4, no. 2 (2023): 021303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0133227.

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The rational design of cutting-edge materials for an efficient solar energy conversion process is a challenging task, which demands a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms operative during the photoinduced physical and chemical reactions. In response to these issues, progress in the field has steered attention toward the use of time-resolved spectroscopic techniques to resolve the multiple intermediate species involved in these photoinduced reactions. Thanks to the advent of pump–probe technique, which leads to the development of various time-resolved spectroscopic methods, significant progress has been made in understanding the photophysical and photochemical properties (e.g., excited state dynamics, charge transfer mechanism, charge separation dynamics, etc.) of energy materials. Synchrotron-based x-ray transient absorption (XTA) spectroscopy is one of the most important time-resolved techniques to unravel the direct correlation of the material structure with their photophysical properties owing to its unique capability in directly observing electronic and structural evolution simultaneously. The aim of this work is to provide a systematic overview of the recent progress in using XTA for capturing the structural dynamics associated with excited state and charge separation dynamics in emerging solid-state energy materials.

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Li, Zhaofa, Jiawei Peng, Yifei Zhu, et al. "Transient-Absorption Pump-Probe Spectra as Information-Rich Observables: Case Study of Fulvene." Molecules 30, no. 7 (2025): 1439. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30071439.

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Conical intersections (CIs) are the most efficient channels of photodeactivation and energy transfer, while femtosecond spectroscopy is the main experimental tool delivering information on molecular CI-driven photoinduced processes. In this work, we undertake a comprehensive ab initio investigation of the CI-mediated internal conversion in fulvene by simulating evolutions of electronic populations, bond lengths and angles, and time-resolved transient absorption (TA) pump-probe (PP) spectra. TA PP spectra are evaluated on the fly by combining the symmetrical quasiclassical/Meyer–Miller–Stock–Thoss (SQC/MMST) dynamics and the doorway-window representation of spectroscopic signals. We show that the simulated time-resolved TA PP spectra reveal not only the population dynamics but also the key nuclear motions as well as mode–mode couplings. We also demonstrate that TA PP signals are not only experimental observables: They can also be considered as information-rich purely theoretical observables, which deliver more information on the CI-driven dynamics than conventional electronic populations. This information can be extracted by the appropriate theoretical analyses of time-resolved TA PP signals.

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Marin, Kevin, Meng Huang, and Francesco A. Evangelista. "Signatures of diradicals in x-ray absorption spectroscopy." Journal of Chemical Physics 158, no. 15 (2023): 151101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0140761.

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Theoretical simulations are critical to analyze and interpret the x-ray absorption spectrum of transient open-shell species. In this work, we propose a model of the many-body core-excited states of symmetric diradicals. We apply this model to analyze the carbon K-edge transitions of o-, m-, and p-benzyne, three organic diradicals with diverse and unusual electronic structures. The predictions of our model are compared with high-level multireference computations of the K-edge spectrum of the benzynes obtained with the driven similarity renormalization group truncated to third order. Our model shows the importance of a many-body treatment of the core-excited states of the benzynes and provides a theoretical framework to understand which properties of the ground state of these diradicals can be extracted from their x-ray spectrum.

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Mahl, Johannes, Stefan Neppl, Friedrich Roth, et al. "Decomposing electronic and lattice contributions in optical pump – X-ray probe transient inner-shell absorption spectroscopy of CuO." Faraday Discussions 216 (2019): 414–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8fd00236c.

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Mahl, Johannes, Stefan Neppl, Friedrich Roth, et al. "Decomposing electronic and lattice contributions in optical pump-X-ray probe transient inner-shell absorption spectroscopy of CuO." EPJ Web of Conferences 205 (2019): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920504015.

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Electronic and lattice contributions to transient X-ray absorption spectra of CuO are analyzed using picosecond time-resolved and temperature-dependent measurements. Super-bandgap excitation with 355 nm and 532 nm laser pulses leads to significantly different trends.

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Voss, Matthew G., D. Tyler Scholes, J. Reddy Challa, and Benjamin J. Schwartz. "Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy of doped P3HT films: distinguishing free and trapped polarons." Faraday Discussions 216 (2019): 339–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8fd00210j.

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It is generally presumed that the vast majority of carriers created by chemical doping of semiconducting polymer films are coulombically trapped by the counteranion, with only a small fraction that are free and responsible for the increased conductivity essential for organic electronic applications.

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ZHANG Yichen, DING Nannan, LI Jialin, and FU Yuxi. "Attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy: an ultrafast optical probe for revealing electron dynamics." Acta Physica Sinica 74, no. 15 (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.74.20250546.

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Attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (ATAS) is an all-optical pump-probe technique that employs attosecond pulses (from the extreme ultraviolet to soft X-ray) to excite or probe a system, enabling real-time tracking of electronic transitions, quantum state evolution, and energy transfer processes. This approach offers key advantages: (1) ultrafast temporal resolution (sub-femtosecond) combined with high spectral resolution (millielectronvolt level); (2) broadband excitation of multiple quantum states, allowing simultaneous detection across multiple energy levels; and (3) element- and site-specific insights afforded by inner-shell to valence transition measurements that reveal charge transfer dynamics, spin state changes, and local structural evolution. To date, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in atomic/molecular physics, electronic coherent dynamics, and strong-field physics using ATAS. This paper systematically reviews the technical principles and theoretical models associated with ATAS employing moderately strong near-infrared pulses, analyzes recent progress in applications to both gas-phase and condensed-phase systems, and explores its future prospects in ultrafast physical chemistry and quantum materials. In gas-phase environments, ATAS has demonstrated significant capabilities in probing energy level shifts and population transfers in atomic systems, as well as capturing nonadiabatic dynamics and charge migration in diatomic and polyatomic molecules. In contrast, within condensed-phase systems, the technique has been effectively used to study the ultrafast dynamics of carriers in semiconductors and to examine the interaction dynamics of localized electrons in insulators and transition metals. Given the rapid evolution of attosecond laser technologies and the distinct advantages of the ATAS detection approach, the paper also outlines potential future directions. These prospects promise to further extend the frontiers of ultrafast spectroscopy and to drive advances across a range of disciplines in both fundamental research and technological applications.

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Geneaux, Romain, Hugo J. B. Marroux, Alexander Guggenmos, Daniel M. Neumark, and Stephen R. Leone. "Transient absorption spectroscopy using high harmonic generation: a review of ultrafast X-ray dynamics in molecules and solids." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2145 (2019): 20170463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0463.

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Attosecond science opened the door to observing nuclear and electronic dynamics in real time and has begun to expand beyond its traditional grounds. Among several spectroscopic techniques, X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy has become key in understanding matter on ultrafast time scales. In this review, we illustrate the capabilities of this unique tool through a number of iconic experiments. We outline how coherent broadband X-ray radiation, emitted in high-harmonic generation, can be used to follow dynamics in increasingly complex systems. Experiments performed in both molecules and solids are discussed at length, on time scales ranging from attoseconds to picoseconds, and in perturbative or strong-field excitation regimes. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays’.

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Lang, Bernhard. "Photometrics of ultrafast and fast broadband electronic transient absorption spectroscopy: State of the art." Review of Scientific Instruments 89, no. 9 (2018): 093112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5039457.

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Dobryakov, Alexander L., Sergey A. Kovalenko, and Nikolaus P. Ernsting. "Electronic and vibrational coherence effects in broadband transient absorption spectroscopy with chirped supercontinuum probing." Journal of Chemical Physics 119, no. 2 (2003): 988–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1579672.

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Brelle, M. C., C. L. Torres-Martinez, J. C. McNulty, R. K. Mehra, and J. Z. Zhang. "Synthesis and characterization of Cu x S nanoparticles. Nature of the infrared band and charge-carrier dynamics." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 1-2 (2000): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072010101.

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CuxS (x = 1,2) nanoparticles have been synthesized utilizing different capping molecules including polyethyleneglycol (PEG), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), casein hydrolysate-enzymatic (CAS), and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The ground-state electronic absorption spectra of the CuxS nanoparticles show three distinct types of CuxS formed: a green type assigned as crystalline CuS, and two brown types assigned as crystalline Cu2S and amorphous Cu2S. The brown types exhibit a steady increase in absorption toward shorter wavelengths starting at around 650 nm, while the green type shows the same steady increase in absorption, but with an additional absorption band in the infrared (IR). The IR band is attributed to an electron-acceptor state lying within the bandgap. ESR measurements of free Cu(II) ions in solution for all samples show the presence of Cu(II) in the brown amorphous samples, but not in the green or brown crystalline samples. Ultrafast dynamics of photoinduced electrons have been measured for all samples using femtosecond-transient absorption/bleach spectroscopy. In all brown Cu2S samples studied, the early time-transient profiles feature a pulse-width-limited (<150 fs) rise followed by a fast decay (1.1 ps) and a slow decay (>80 ps). These decay dynamics were found to be independent of pump power and stabilizing agent. The fast 1.1 ps decay is attributed to charge carrier trapping, while the long decay may be due to either recombination or deep trapping of the charge carriers. The green CuxS samples studied showed interesting power-dependent behavior. At low excitation intensities, the green CuxS samples showed a transient bleach signal, while at high intensities, a transient absorption signal has been observed. The increased transient absorption over bleach at high intensities is attributed to trap-state saturation. A kinetic model has been developed to account for the main features of the electronic relaxation dynamics.

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Caldero-Rodríguez, Naishka E., Luis A. Ortiz-Rodríguez, Andres A. Gonzalez, and Carlos E. Crespo-Hernández. "Photostability of 2,6-diaminopurine and its 2′-deoxyriboside investigated by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24, no. 7 (2022): 4204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp05269a.

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The electronic relaxation pathways of 2,6-diaminopurine and its deoxyribonucleoside were elucidated in aqueous solution. It is shown that these purine derivatives are largely photostable to ultraviolet radiation.

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Rimshaw, Adam, Christopher Grieco, and John B. Asbury. "High Sensitivity Nanosecond Mid-Infrared Transient Absorption Spectrometer Enabling Low Excitation Density Measurements of Electronic Materials." Applied Spectroscopy 70, no. 10 (2016): 1726–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702816645606.

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A dispersive nanosecond transient absorption instrument was developed to enable rapid time-resolved and steady-state measurements in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region for thin films without the need for gated integrators or lock-in amplifiers. Two detectors are used depending on the experimental needs (100 MHz and 16 MHz) with time resolution from nano-millisecond and spectral coverage from 1000–5000 cm−1 (2000–10 000 nm). The instrument utilizes flexible digitization resolution (8 bit to 14 bit) to enable high sensitivity (10−5) measurements on thin films under low excitation (<50 µJ/cm2). We highlight the instrument’s improvement over prior state-of-the-art time-resolved capabilities by measuring transient species (e.g., polarons) under extremely low energy densities (<5 µJ/cm2) in less than 10 minutes to achieve high fidelity signals. Additionally, to highlight the spectral capabilities we study two optoelectronic materials for which we resolve vibrational features as small as 10 µOD.

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Doria, Sandra, Donato Mariangela Di, Raffaele Borrelli, et al. "Vibronic coherences in light harvesting nanotubes: unravelling the role of dark states." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 10 (March 31, 2022): 7126–226. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2tc00203e.

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Self assembled ordered structures, such as H- or J- type molecular aggregates of organic chromophores, are extremely interesting materials for different optoelectronic applications. In this work we present a novel characterization of light harvesting nanotubes formed by self-assembling of amphiphilic cyanine dyes in water, through a combined ultrafast spectroscopic and theoretical approach. In the condition of low inhomogeneous disorder at low temperature, broadband transient absorption spectroscopy revealed the presence of an unusual ultrafast behavior of the aggregate, manifested through intense and peculiar oscillations of the kinetic traces, lasting tens of picoseconds. Theoretical simulations were performed by adapting a model which grasps vibronically coherent effects in the double wall nanotube system experiencing inter-wall energy transfer. Good agreement between model predictions and experimental observations were obtained under the assumption of coupling between bright and dark electronic states. The model clarified the vibronic origin of the observed oscillations, evidencing new important pieces of information about transport mechanisms and excitonic interactions in these complex molecular systems.

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Neppl, Stefan, Andrey Shavorskiy, Ioannis Zegkinoglou, et al. "Capturing interfacial photoelectrochemical dynamics with picosecond time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy." Faraday Discuss. 171 (2014): 219–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4fd00036f.

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Time-resolved core-level spectroscopy using laser pulses to initiate and short X-ray pulses to trace photoinduced processes has the unique potential to provide electronic state- and atomic site-specific insight into fundamental electron dynamics in complex systems. Time-domain studies using transient X-ray absorption and emission techniques have proven extremely valuable to investigate electronic and structural dynamics in isolated and solvated molecules. Here, we describe the implementation of a picosecond time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TRXPS) technique at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) and its application to monitor photoinduced electron dynamics at the technologically pertinent interface formed by N3 dye molecules anchored to nanoporous ZnO. Indications for a dynamical chemical shift of the Ru3d photoemission line originating from the N3 metal centre are observed ∼30 ps after resonant HOMO–LUMO excitation with a visible laser pump pulse. The transient changes in the TRXPS spectra are accompanied by a characteristic surface photovoltage (SPV) response of the ZnO substrate on a pico- to nanosecond time scale. The interplay between the two phenomena is discussed in the context of possible electronic relaxation and recombination pathways that lead to the neutralisation of the transiently oxidised dye after ultrafast electron injection. A detailed account of the experimental technique is given including an analysis of the chemical modification of the nano-structured ZnO substrate during extended periods of solution-based dye sensitisation and its relevance for studies using surface-sensitive spectroscopy techniques.

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Wang, Hai, Hai‐Yu Wang, Hong‐Bo Sun, et al. "Dynamics of Strongly Coupled Hybrid States by Transient Absorption Spectroscopy." Advanced Functional Materials 28, no. 48 (2018): 1801761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201801761.

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DAVID, A. BIRO, K. SHARMA DEVENDRA, and H. LANGFORD COOPER. "Steady State Sub-nanosecond Spectroscopy of the Complex between Metal(II) Maleonitriledithiolates and Methylviologen." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 69, Aug 1992 (1992): 413–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6003798.

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Laboratories for Inorganic Materials (Chemistry Department) and the Canadian Centre for Picosecond Laser Flash Photolysis, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve W. Montreal, Quebec, H3G 1M8, Canada Manuscript received 24 January 1991  The photochemically interesting interaction of methylviologen and metal maleonitriledithiolate complexes has been investigated by absorption, emission and transient absorption spectroscopy. Ion-pair charge transfer bands for the (MV2+)[\(Pt(mnt)_{2}^{2-}\)] and (MV2+)[\(Ni(mnt)_{2}^{2-}\)] have been identified in the near-ir. The results presented here suggest that both the complexes mentioned above display weak higher energy state CT absorption bands attributed to weak coupling between the cation and anion. Photoexcitation of either complex in the MLCT region results in electron transfer from the donor mnt molecule to the acceptor planar methylviologen molecule producing an excited state. These complexes display room temperature emission which is not observed with conventional alkylammonium cations. The emission and excited state absorption spectra are consistent with a species resembling a reduced dimeric viologen paired with the planar \(M(mnt)_{2}^{-}\). Picosecond transient absorption spectroscopy indicates an excited state lifetime of 0.9±0.2 ns for the species produced from the platinum complex.

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Castaño, F., A. Ortiz De Zárate, J. A. Fernández, and M. N. Sánchez Rayo. "Kinetic and Spectroscopic Studies of Transient Species Prepared by Irmpd." Laser Chemistry 11, no. 3-4 (1991): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/lc.11.163.

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Infrared multiple photon absorption is known to be observed in some triatomic and most polyatomic molecules. When the number of absorbed photons is high enough the process leads to photodissociation and excess energy is released as vibrational, rotational and translational energy in the electronic ground state of the fragments. The contribution of these energies is determined by standard methods, that include laser induced fluorescence, LIF, and time-resolved Fourier transform spectroscopy, TR-FTS. Examples of selected determinations are shown.Once produced, identified and characterized, the kinetic behaviour of the transients with selected reactants can be studied. In particular, removal rate constants of substituted carbenes, in specific vibrational and electronic states, by atoms, olefins and simple molecules are mentioned.

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Gobeze, Habtom B., Muhammed Younus, Michael D. Turlington, Sohel Ahmed та Kirk S. Schanze. "Characterization of Excited-State Electronic Structure in Diblock π-Conjugated Oligomers with Adjustable Linker Electronic Coupling". Molecules 29, № 11 (2024): 2678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29112678.

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Diblock conjugated oligomers are π-conjugated molecules that contain two segments having distinct frontier orbital energies and HOMO-LUMO gap offsets. These oligomers are of fundamental interest to understand how the distinct π-conjugated segments interact and modify their excited state properties. The current paper reports a study of two series of diblock oligomers that contain oligothiophene (Tn) and 4,7-bis(2-thienyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (TBT) segments that are coupled by either ethynyl (-C≡C-) or trans-(-C≡C-)2Pt(II)(PBu3)2 acetylide linkers. In these structures, the Tn segment is electron rich (donor), and the TBT is electron poor (acceptor). The diblock oligomers are characterized by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy, including UV-visible absorption, fluorescence, fluorescence lifetimes, and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Studies are compared in several solvents of different polarity and with different excitation wavelengths. The results reveal that the (-C≡C-) linked oligomers feature a delocalized excited state that takes on a charge transfer (CT) character in more polar media. In the (-C≡C-)2Pt(II)(PBu3)2-linked oligomers, there is weak coupling between the Tn and TBT segments. Consequently, short wavelength excitation selectively excites the Tn segment, which then undergoes ultrafast energy transfer (~1 ps) to afford a TBT-localized excited state.

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Du, Lili, Wenjuan Xiong, Wai Kin Chan, and David Lee Phillips. "Photoinduced electron transfer processes of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT)–based hybrids." Nanophotonics 9, no. 16 (2020): 4689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0389.

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AbstractIn this review, noncovalent functionalization of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is briefly reviewed. The functional materials summarized here include metalloporphyrin derivatives, biomolecules and conjugated polymers. Notably, time-resolved spectroscopic techniques such as time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption were employed to directly investigate the electron transfer and recombination processes between the functionalities and the SWCNTs. In addition, Raman spectroscopy is also useful to identify the interaction and the electron transfer direction between both the functionalities and the SWCNTs. An improved understanding of the mechanisms of these SWCNT-based nanohybrids in terms of their structural and photophysical properties can provide more insights into the design of new electronic materials.

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Shaydyuk, Ye O., O. P. Boyko, O. D. Kachkovsky, et al. "Electronic nature of new styryl dye bases: Linear photophysical, photochemical, and transient absorption spectroscopy studies." Dyes and Pigments 170 (November 2019): 107582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2019.107582.

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Buntinx, G., G. Ginestet, I. Gener, G. Coustillier, and C. Brémard. "Time-Resolved Resonance Raman Study of Biphenyl Occluded in the Supercages of Faujasitic Zeolites." Laser Chemistry 19, no. 1-4 (1999): 325–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1999/17539.

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The laser photolysis (248 nm, 20 ns) of biphenyl (BP, S0) occluded in the void space of faujasitic zeolites (NanFAU) , Nan(SiO2)192−n(AlO2)n with n=0, 56, 85 has been studied by time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy combined with time-resolved diffuse reflectance UV-visible absorption spectroscopy in the ns–μs time scale. The excitation (370 nm, 8 ns) of the RR scattering in the wavelength region of the UV electronic absorption of the transient species provides clear evidence of the radical cation (BP+) as major species for zeolites NanFAU (n=56, 85). The amount of triplet state (BP, T1) depends on the aluminum content and in a less extent on the fluence of the pump laser at the sample.

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Yang, Sizhuo, Wenhui Hu, James Nyakuchena, et al. "Unravelling a long-lived ligand-to-metal cluster charge transfer state in Ce–TCPP metal organic frameworks." Chemical Communications 56, no. 90 (2020): 13971–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cc04116e.

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Hennes, Marcel, Benedikt Rösner, Valentin Chardonnet, et al. "Time-Resolved XUV Absorption Spectroscopy and Magnetic Circular Dichroism at the Ni M2,3-Edges." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (2020): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010325.

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Ultrashort optical pulses can trigger a variety of non-equilibrium processes in magnetic thin films affecting electrons and spins on femtosecond timescales. In order to probe the charge and magnetic degrees of freedom simultaneously, we developed an X-ray streaking technique that has the advantage of providing a jitter-free picture of absorption cross-section changes. In this paper, we present an experiment based on this approach, which we performed using five photon probing energies at the Ni M2,3-edges. This allowed us to retrieve the absorption and magnetic circular dichroism time traces, yielding detailed information on transient modifications of electron and spin populations close to the Fermi level. Our findings suggest that the observed absorption and magnetic circular dichroism dynamics both depend on the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) probing wavelength, and can be described, at least qualitatively, by assuming ultrafast energy shifts of the electronic and magnetic elemental absorption resonances, as reported in recent work. However, our analysis also hints at more complex changes, highlighting the need for further experimental and theoretical studies in order to gain a thorough understanding of the interplay of electronic and spin degrees of freedom in optically excited magnetic thin films.

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Leonov, M. Yu, A. V. Baranov, and A. V. Fedorov. "Transient interband light absorption by quantum dots: Degenerate pump-probe spectroscopy." Optics and Spectroscopy 109, no. 3 (2010): 358–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0030400x10090080.

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Gorobets, Evgueni, James W. Papatzimas, Jorge Dourado, et al. "A vinylogous Norrish reaction as a strategy for light-mediated ring expansion." Chemical Communications 58, no. 17 (2022): 2910–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2cc00513a.

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Gattuso, Hugo, Barbara Fresch, Raphael D. Levine, and Françoise Remacle. "Coherent Exciton Dynamics in Ensembles of Size-Dispersed CdSe Quantum Dot Dimers Probed via Ultrafast Spectroscopy: A Quantum Computational Study." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (2020): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041328.

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Interdot coherent excitonic dynamics in nanometric colloidal CdSe quantum dots (QD) dimers lead to interdot charge migration and energy transfer. We show by electronic quantum dynamical simulations that the interdot coherent response to ultrashort fs laser pulses can be characterized by pump-probe transient absorption spectroscopy in spite of the inevitable inherent size dispersion of colloidal QDs. The latter, leading to a broadening of the excitonic bands, induce accidental resonances that actually increase the efficiency of the interdot coupling. The optical electronic response is computed by solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation including the interaction with the oscillating electric field of the pulses for an ensemble of dimers that differ by their size. The excitonic Hamiltonian of each dimer is parameterized by the QD size and interdot distance, using an effective mass approximation. Local and charge transfer excitons are included in the dimer basis set. By tailoring the QD size, the excitonic bands can be tuned to overlap and thus favor interdot coupling. Computed pump-probe transient absorption maps averaged over the ensemble show that the coherence of excitons in QD dimers that lead to interdot charge migration can survive size disorder and could be observed in fs pump-probe, four-wave mixing, or covariance spectroscopy.

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Briggs, A. G., and R. E. Simmons. "Electronic Absorption Spectra of Transient Boron-Sulphur Species in the Gas Phase." Spectroscopy Letters 19, no. 8 (1986): 953–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00387018608069300.

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Sato, Shunsuke A. "First-principles calculations for transient absorption of laser-excited magnetic materials." Electronic Structure 4, no. 1 (2022): 014007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2516-1075/ac52df.

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Abstract We investigate the modification in the optical properties of laser-excited bulk cobalt and nickel using the time-dependent density functional theory at a finite electron temperature. As a result of the first-principles simulation, a complex change in the photoabsorption of the magnetic materials is observed around the M 2,3 absorption edge. Based on the microscopic analysis, we clarify that this complex absorption change consists of the two following components: (i) the decrease in the photoabsorption in a narrow energy range around the M 2,3 edge, which reflects the blue shift of the absorption edge due to the light-induced demagnetization, and (ii) the increase in the photoabsorption in a wider range around the M 2,3 edge, which reflects the modification in the local-field effect due to the light-induced electron localization. The relation between the transient optical and magnetic properties may open a way to monitor ultrafast (de)magnetization and spin dynamics in magnetic materials via transient absorption spectroscopy.

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Jen, Myungsam, Sebok Lee, and Yoonsoo Pang. "Excited‐State Dynamics of All‐trans‐Retinal Investigated by Time‐resolved Electronic and Vibrational Spectroscopy^#." Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society 36, no. 3 (2015): 900–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.10168.

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Time‐resolved electronic and vibrational spectroscopy has been applied to understand ultrafast excited state dynamics of all‐trans‐retinal. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy provides an overview of the excited‐state dynamics of all‐trans‐retinal, and femtosecond‐stimulated Raman and infrared absorption measurements, which have not been reported previously, provide further details of the structural changes in the excited states. Three singlet excited states and one triplet excited state have been identified from these experimental results, which are in good agreement with many previous reports. A change in the energy order of the singlet excited state of all‐trans‐retinal between in polar and nonpolar solvents abruptly modifies the excited state dynamics. The intersystem crossing to the T1 state from the S1 state (nπ*) almost disappears in polar solvents, whereas the fluorescence from S3 and S2 states (ππ*) is almost absent in nonpolar solvents.

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Doria, Sandra, Maria Taddei, Lorenzo Cupellini, et al. "Unravelling the ultrafast dynamics of a N-BODIPY compound." Dyes and Pigments 200 (April 1, 2022): 110181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2022.110181.

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Although the photophysics of BODIPY compounds has been widely investigated in the last few years, their analogue N-BODIPY compounds, with nitrogen substitution at the Boron center, did not receive comparable attention. In this work we report about the systhesis and photochemical characterization of a substituted N-BODIPY compound, by means of a combined theoretical and spectroscopic approach. Compared to a standard BODIPY, the compound under investigation presents a lower fluorescence quantum yield (QY) in the visible region. The excited state relaxation dynamics of the dye was studied in different solvents, showing further fluorescence quenching in polar solvents, and a excited state decay rates strongly dependent on the environment polarity.  The role of the pendant moieties and the involvement of charge transfer states in the excited state dynamics was experimentally addressed by transient absorption spectroscopy, and further analyzed with TD-DFT calculations, which allowed precise assignment of the transient signals to the correspondent electronic configuration. The complete picture of the N-BODIPY behavior shows the presence of both charge transfer and localized states, influencing the observed photophysics to different amounts, depending on the excitation conditions and the surrounding environment.

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Zeng, Youhong, and David F. Kelley. "Surface Charging in CdSe Quantum Dots: Infrared and Transient Absorption Spectroscopy." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 121, no. 30 (2017): 16657–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b05632.

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Stiel, H., A. Volkmer, I. Rückmann, A. Zeug, B. Ehrenberg, and B. Röder. "Non-linear and transient absorption spectroscopy of magnesium(II)-tetrabenzoporphyrin in solution." Optics Communications 155, no. 1-3 (1998): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(98)00328-9.

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