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Journal articles on the topic 'Transit Shuttle Buses'
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1
Itani, Alaa, Siva Srikukenthiran, and Amer Shalaby. "Capacity-Constrained Bus Bridging Optimization Framework." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 5 (2020): 600–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120917399.
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Urban rail systems frequently suffer from unexpected service disruptions, which can result in severe delays and user dissatisfaction. “Bus bridging” is the strategy most commonly applied in responding to rail service interruptions in North America and Europe. Buses are pulled from regular routes and dispatched to serve as shuttles along the disrupted rail segment until regular train service is restored. In determining the required number of buses and source routes, most transit agencies rely on ad hoc approaches based on operational experience and constraints, which do not necessarily alleviate the extensive delays and queue build-ups at affected stations, nor do they minimize system-wide impacts in an optimal manner. This paper proposes a genetic algorithm-based optimization model to determine the optimal number of shuttle buses and route allocation to minimize overall subway- and bus rider delay for any given rail disruption incident. The generated optimal solutions were sensitive to bus-bay capacity constraints along the shuttle service corridor of any given disrupted subway segment, utilizing methods found in the Transit Capacity and Quality of Service Manual. The model was used in an analysis of real-world incident data obtained from the Toronto Transit Commission and supplemented by other passenger and travel time data. The bus bridging toolkit showed strong potential to produce efficient shuttle response plans that reduced the transit user delays by more than 50% while ensuring minimum queue formation at disrupted stations and maximizing the utilization of shuttle buses.
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Itani, Alaa, Aya Aboudina, Ehab Diab, Siva Srikukenthiran, and Amer Shalaby. "Managing Unplanned Rail Disruptions: Policy Implications and Guidelines Towards an Effective Bus Bridging Strategy." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 4 (2019): 473–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119838838.
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Bus bridging is a key strategy used by transit agencies to handle rail service interruptions. In practice, buses are dispatched from scheduled services to act as temporary shuttles along the disrupted rail segment. This study provides a robust analysis of four factors affecting bus bridging policies: 1) initial dispatch direction of shuttle buses, 2) dispatch time (i.e., the response time for requesting shuttle buses), 3) uncertainty in predicting the incident duration, and 4) reduction of metro passengers demand because of disruption. A user delay modeling tool is used to assess various bus bridging policies based on their resulting users’ delays (for affected passengers) and other system performance measures. The tool was validated, and sensitivity analysis was conducted based on real disruption scenarios that suspended various segments of the metro service in the City of Toronto. The main results indicate that: 1) the initial dispatch direction of shuttle buses should take into consideration the demand at the disrupted segment while maintaining a moderate level of shuttle bus utilization; 2) a 1-min increase in the dispatch time causes about 0.4 min additional waiting time at disrupted metro stations per passenger; 3) incidents with high forecasting errors can cause excessive delays for metro passengers and significant wasted time of non-utilized shuttle buses; and, 4) significant users’ delay savings are observed at higher demand reduction levels. This paper provides transportation practitioners and planners with a better understanding of the different aspects of bus bridging policies based on users’ delays and shuttle buses’ performance metrics.
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Diab, Ehab, Guangnan Feng, and Amer Shalaby. "Breaking into emergency shuttle service: Aspects and impacts of retracting buses from existing scheduled bus services." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 45, no. 8 (2018): 647–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2017-0294.
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High-quality transit service is a vital aspect of any modern city. When unexpected interruptions to the transit service occur, they reduce the quality of service provided to the public. One of the main strategies that is employed to deal with rail service interruptions is “bus bridging,” whereby buses from scheduled services are deployed to offer shuttle services. Very few efforts are found in the literature that have investigated this policy’s effectiveness. Therefore, this study aims at exploring the different aspects and impacts of retracting buses from scheduled services in response to subway and streetcar service interruptions in Toronto. It explores the size of the deployment, as well as the system response and recovery times using detailed subway and streetcar shuttle service reports collected in 2015. The paper shows remarkable fluctuations not only in the utilized number of shuttle service buses over time, but also on the service response and recovery times.
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Alamatsaz, Kayhan, Frédéric Quesnel, and Ursula Eicker. "Enhancing Electric Shuttle Bus Efficiency: A Case Study on Timetabling and Scheduling Optimization." Energies 17, no. 13 (2024): 3149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17133149.
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As transit authorities increasingly adopt electric buses (EBs) to mitigate air quality concerns and greenhouse gas emissions, new challenges arise in bus scheduling and timetabling. Unlike traditional buses, EBs face operational obstacles due to their shorter range and extended charging times. Existing mathematical optimization models for operation planning of traditional buses must be revised to address these unique characteristics of EBs. This study introduces a new approach to integrate timetabling and bus scheduling to enhance the level of service and minimize operational costs, using a case study of a University shuttle bus service in Montreal, Canada. The level of service will be enhanced by reducing students waiting time and improving their in-vehicle comfort through seat availability. The scheduling aspect seeks to reduce the total operational costs, which include travel, electricity consumption, and usage costs of EBs. The proposed algorithm calculates the waiting time and seat availability for different headway values and addresses the scheduling problem using a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model with an arc-based approach, solved using the Cplex Optimization Studio software version 12.8. A normalized weighted sum technique is then applied to select the optimal headway, balancing waiting time, seat availability, and operational costs. The effectiveness of our approach was tested through a case study of Concordia University’s shuttle bus service. Comparative analysis of the current and proposed schedules shows that our approach significantly improves service quality by decreasing waiting times and increasing seat availability while optimizing cost-effectiveness compared to the existing timetable of the Concordia shuttle bus. The proposed approach ensures a smooth transition to a fully electric transit system for shuttle bus services.
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Ngan, Henrique F. Boyol, and Fiona X. Yang. "Transit advertising in corporate branding: a multilevel study." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 31, no. 3 (2019): 1452–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-11-2017-0777.
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Purpose The purpose of the present study is to examine the effectiveness of tourist shuttle bus advertising for the corporate brand image of gaming and hospitality operators. Design/methodology/approach Grounded in the theoretical framework of Message Response Involvement (MRI) theory, a multilevel design with hierarchical modeling was adopted to examine the hypothesized paths between consumers’ message processing components and corporate brand equity. The moderating effects of shuttle bus design were also investigated. The data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire from 595 tourists visiting Macao. Findings The results indicated that advertising effectiveness (i.e., corporate brand equity) was largely dependent on consumers’ motivation and ability to process information. When design was included as a moderator, it enhanced the influence of consumers’ motivation to process information on advertising effectiveness. Research limitations/implications The findings highlight the importance of tourist shuttle buses as an advertising platform in the hospitality and gaming industry and depict important aspects of consumers and executional cues that corporations should focus on improving shuttle bus advertising effectiveness. Originality/value This study examines an underexplored, yet frequently used, advertising channel – the shuttle bus. Specifically, it offers a better understanding of transit advertising effectiveness from the corporate level (design) and individual level (consumers’ motivation, ability and opportunity) in the tourism and hospitality industry.
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Li, Wei, Chanam Lee, Samuel D. Towne, et al. "Building Sustainable and Connected Communities by Addressing Public Transportation’s First-Mile Problem: Insights from a Stated Preference Survey in El Paso, Texas." Sustainability 16, no. 5 (2024): 1783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16051783.
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Public transportation is an essential component of building sustainable communities. However, its ridership remains low in most cities in the United States. Among the major barriers is the long distance to the bus stops, called the first-mile problem. Using a stated preference survey among 1056 residents of El Paso, Texas, this study addresses this problem by estimating additional transit trips that can be expected from the implementation of hypothetical, free shuttles between one’s home and the closest bus stops. Participants reported 7.73 additional transit trips per week (469% increase from the current baseline), including 3.03 additional trips for work, 1.94 for daily errands, 1.64 for leisure or social, and 0.93 for exercise or sports. The percentage of transit non-users dropped from 77.6% (baseline) to 38.2%. With the free shuttle service, respondents would favor bus rapid transit more than regular buses (4.72 vs. 3.00 additional trips). Residents identifying as an existing transit user, being Hispanic/Latino, owning at least one automobile, living within 1 mile of a transit stop, and feeling safe while riding the bus would make significantly more transit trips due to the service. This study suggests that programs to address/reduce the first-mile problem could increase transit demand and, therefore, contribute to creating sustainable and more connected communities.
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Yu, Siyuan, Chenlong Xu, Zhikang Zhai, Yuefeng Zheng, and Yu Shen. "Differential Pricing Strategies for Airport Shuttles: A Study of Shanghai Based on Customized Bus Ticketing Data." Sustainability 16, no. 16 (2024): 6853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16166853.
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Airport shuttle buses, as a specialized form of bus service, serve as an economical, efficient, and sustainable transportation option for air travelers. In contrast to conventional bus services, airport shuttle bus operations exhibit more pronounced market-oriented characteristics, striving to balance extensive public transport coverage with the optimization of corporate profitability. Although these services outperform regular bus transit in terms of efficiency, they incur higher operational costs. However, existing studies on enhancing profitability and optimizing resource allocation for airport shuttle buses are inadequate. This study proposes a differential pricing strategy based on historical ticketing data. Initially, we analyze the characteristics of orders, users, and reservations within the context of customized bus operations. Leveraging the differences among various groups, we employ clustering techniques to classify seat grades and segment users. Based on the clustering outcomes, we determine distinct price elasticity values for each segment. As the strategies are developed based on seat grades, booking time, and user travel patterns, the numerical experiments indicate that the proposed differentiated pricing strategy can increase the revenue of customized public transport services by at least 41%. This strategy not only enhances the efficiency of resource allocation and service accessibility but also makes the service more financially sustainable.
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Patel, Vipul. "Campus Shuttle Tracker & Monitoring System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13, no. 1 (2025): 614–17. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.66357.
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The Campus Shuttle Tracker System is an innovative solution designed to enhance the commuting experience for students by providing real-time tracking of college shuttle buses. This system leverages GPS technology to deliver accurate location updates and estimated arrival times, ensuring that students can plan their travel efficiently. Additionally, the system integrates an attendance management feature, simplifying the process of logging attendance for both students and administration. By linking attendance records with shuttle usage, it provides a seamless and automated approach to tracking student participation. To support operational efficiency, it monitors fuel consumption and generates digital request forms for refuelling, helping to maintain optimal fuel management. It also collects the data for daily running of the bus from start of the day. Additionally, it includes an integrated online payment gateway for collecting bus fees, generating digital bus passes to promote a paperless and seamless process. The system incorporates RFID technology to automate student attendance during transit, ensuring accurate and tamper-proof records. It would be upcoming feature with a user-friendly interface and robust backend, the Campus Shuttle Tracker System aims to address common challenges faced in campus transportation while fostering convenience, safety, and time management for students and staff alike.
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Golbabaei, Fahimeh, Tan Yigitcanlar, Alexander Paz, and Jonathan Bunker. "Understanding Autonomous Shuttle Adoption Intention: Predictive Power of Pre-Trial Perceptions and Attitudes." Sensors 22, no. 23 (2022): 9193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239193.
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The capability of ‘demand-responsive transport’, particularly in autonomous shared form, to better facilitate road-based mobility is considered a significant advantage because improved mobility leads to enhanced quality of life and wellbeing. A central point in implementing a demand-responsive transit system in a new area is adapting the operational concept to the respective structural and socioeconomic conditions. This requires an extensive analysis of the users’ needs. There is presently limited understanding of public perceptions and attitudes toward the adoption of autonomous demand-responsive transport. To address this gap, a theory-based conceptual framework is proposed to provide detailed empirical insights into the public’s adoption intention of ‘autonomous shuttle buses’ as a form of autonomous demand-responsive transport. South East Queensland, Australia, was selected as the testbed. In this case study, relationships between perceptions, attitudes, and usage intention were examined by employing a partial least squares structural equation modeling method. The results support the basic technology acceptance model casual relationships that correspond with previous studies. Although the direct effects of perceived relative advantages and perceived service quality on usage intention are not significant, they could still affect usage intention indirectly through the attitude factor. Conversely, perceived risks are shown to have no association with perceived usefulness but can negatively impact travelers’ attitudes and usage intention toward autonomous shuttle buses. The research findings provide implications to assist policymakers, transport planners, and engineers in their policy decisions and system plans as well as achieving higher public acknowledgment and wider uptake of autonomous demand-responsive transport technology solutions.
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Asgharzadeh, Mohamadamin, and Yousef Shafahi. "Real-Time Bus-Holding Control Strategy to Reduce Passenger Waiting Time." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2647, no. 1 (2017): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2647-02.
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This paper presents research on a real-time bus-holding control strategy that minimizes passenger waiting time. This bus-holding strategy forces buses to hold at stations for a while after a passenger exchange is finished. A mathematical model is proposed to determine the optimal holding time. Both onboard and on-station passenger waiting times have been taken into account. Given the real-time nature of the problem, a heuristic method based on gradient descent algorithms was developed. The proposed control strategy was evaluated by using data derived from a shuttle bus rapid transit (BRT) line in the city of Mashhad, Iran. The BRT line was simulated and calibrated by available empirical and real-time data from the automatic vehicle location and automatic passenger counting systems. The results indicate that the proposed bus-holding strategy reduces total passenger waiting time by 8.65%.
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Sun, Xianglong, and Yucong Zu. "Research on Fleet Size of Demand Response Shuttle Bus Based on Minimum Cost Method." Applied Sciences 15, no. 10 (2025): 5350. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15105350.
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Demand-responsive connector services (DRC) are an important means to improve the current mobility connection problem. In this study, we develop a hybrid model for the minimization of total system cost for demand response shuttle buses, which includes operating cost and user cost, with fleet size per hour as the optimization variable of the model. The relevant variables are analyzed and numerically modeled by Matlab, and the relationship between fleet size, vehicle capacity and demand density and waiting time, onboard time, vehicle travel distance, and total system cost is analyzed. The results indicate that introducing financial subsidies markedly lowers the critical demand density necessary to ensure system viability. Moreover, subsidy intensity is positively associated with the service’s operational robustness. Through parametric examination, we observe a strictly monotonic relationship between subsidy magnitude and demand thresholds: as subsidy levels increase, the minimum demand requirements for sustainable operation decrease in a consistent, progressive manner; meanwhile, the optimal fleet size exhibits an approximately linear relationship with travel demand per unit area across varying vehicle capacities. Notably, an increase in vehicle capacity corresponds to a decrease in the growth rate of the required fleet size. This model demonstrates robust adaptability across diverse operational scenarios and serves as an effective tool for evaluating the efficiency of resource allocation in demand-responsive transit (DRT) services. Furthermore, it provides valuable theoretical support for the scheduling and planning of public transportation systems, particularly in low-density urban environments.
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Golbabaei, Fahimeh, Tan Yigitcanlar, Alexander Paz, and Jonathan Bunker. "Perceived Opportunities and Challenges of Autonomous Demand-Responsive Transit Use: What Are the Socio-Demographic Predictors?" Sustainability 15, no. 15 (2023): 11839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511839.
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The adoption of autonomous demand-responsive transit (ADRT) to support regular public transport has the potential to enhance sustainable mobility. There is a dearth of research on the socio-demographic characteristics associated with perceived opportunities and challenges regarding ADRT adoption in Australia. In this research, we fill this knowledge gap by determining socio-demographic predictors of perceptions and attitudes towards ADRT, specifically autonomous shuttle buses (ASBs), among adult residents of South East Queensland. This study incorporates a review of prior global studies, a stated preference survey distributed across the case study region, and descriptive and logistic regression analysis. We found that the main perceived opportunity of ASBs is reduced congestion/emissions, while the primary anticipated challenge relates to unreliable technology. Fully employed respondents are likely to be more familiar with autonomous vehicles. Females and those from lower-income households are less likely to have ridden in an autonomous vehicle. Males, those who are younger, have high employment, hail from higher-income households, and with no driver’s licence are all more favourable towards ASBs. Males, those with high employment, and without driver’s licence are likely to be more concerned about traffic accidents when using ASBs. Less-educated respondents and those living in peri-urban areas are likely to be more concerned about fares. Insights are drawn from the current study to inform policymakers to consider key challenges (e.g., trust issues) and target groups (particularly females) in planning public communication strategies to enhance receptiveness to ADRT.
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Bhagya, Sree, K. Sreekala Dr., and Sultana Ms.N.Musrat. "BusWay: Real-Time College Bus Tracking System." Journal of Advancement in Software Engineering and Testing 7, no. 3 (2024): 21–32. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12563654.
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<em>This abstract introduces a bus tracking system designed to provide real-time information about bus locations and estimated arrival times to passengers, drivers, and transportation authorities. Utilizing GPS technology, mobile applications, and data analytics, the system enhances the efficiency and reliability of public transportation. By integrating GPS devices in buses, it continuously monitors and updates their positions, allowing passengers to track bus movements via mobile apps or web platforms. This reduces waiting times, improves route planning, and enhances overall user experience. Additionally, transportation authorities can leverage the collected data for optimizing routes, improving schedule adherence, and managing fleet operations more effectively. The implementation of a bus tracking system leads to increased transparency, better service quality, and higher passenger satisfaction in public transit networks.</em> <em>Efficient transportation within college campuses is essential for facilitating students, while optimizing operational logistics. This abstract delves into the significance of implementing a bus tracking system tailored specifically for college campuses. By integrating GPS technology, mobile applications, and data analytics, such a system offers real-time information on the whereabouts of campus shuttles, enhancing overall mobility. Students and staff can access accurate arrival times and route information via their smartphones, reducing wait times and improving scheduling efficiency. Moreover, the system enables college administrations to monitor shuttle performance, optimize routes, and allocate resources effectively. This proactive approach not only enhances campus transportation but also contributes to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly campus ecosystem. Additionally, the system fosters safety and security by enabling quick response to emergencies and ensuring accountability in shuttle operations. Overall, the implementation of a college bus tracking system represents a strategic investment in enhancing campus mobility, fostering a positive student experience, and promoting operational excellence.</em> <em>GPS is one of the technologies used in many applications today. One of the applications is tracking your vehicle and keeps regular monitoring on them. The main objective of our project is to inform the user about the location and route travelled by bus, time it takes to reach the user’s stop, time to reach the destination using client-server technology and that information can be observed from any other remote location. It includes both college bus and public transport tracking information. It also helps the college administration to keep track of student bus details. This system uses GPS and GSM technologies.</em> <em> </em>
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Tan, Yingjia, Bo Sun, Li Guo, and Binbin Jing. "Novel model for integrated demand-responsive transit service considering rail transit schedule." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 19, no. 12 (2022): 12371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2022577.
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<abstract> <p>This research aims to develop an optimization model for optimizing demand-responsive transit (DRT) services. These services can not only direct passengers to reach their nearest bus stops but also transport them to connecting stops on major transit systems at selected bus stops. The proposed methodology is characterized by service time windows and selected metro schedules when passengers place a personalized travel order. In addition, synchronous transfers between shuttles and feeder buses were fully considered regarding transit problems. Aiming at optimizing the total travel time of passengers, a mixed-integer linear programming model was established, which includes vehicle ride time from pickup locations to drop-off locations and passenger wait time during transfer travels. Since this model is commonly known as an NP-hard problem, a new two-stage heuristic using the ant colony algorithm (ACO) was developed in this study to efficiently achieve the meta-optimal solution of the model within a reasonable time. Furthermore, a case study in Chongqing, China, shows that compared with conventional models, the developed model was more efficient formaking passenger, route and operation plans, and it could reduce the total travel time of passengers.</p> </abstract>
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Hermawan, Karina, and Amelia C. Regan. "Impacts on Vehicle Occupancy and Airport Curb Congestion of Transportation Network Companies at Airports." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 23 (2018): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118783845.
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How does the growth of transportation network companies (TNCs) at airports affect the use of shared modes and congestion? Using data from the 2015 passenger survey from Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), San Francisco International Airport (SFO), and Oakland International Airport (OAK), this research analyzes TNCs’ relationship with shared modes (modes that typically have higher vehicle-occupancy and include public transit such as buses and light rail, shared vans or shuttles) and the demand for their shared vs. standard service at the airport. Because TNCs both replace shared rides and make them possible, the research also measured the net effects at these airports. The results suggest that in 2015, TNCs caused 215,000 and 25,000 passengers to switch from shared to private modes at SFO and OAK, respectively. By 2020, the increase is expected to be about 840,000 and 107,000 passengers per year, respectively.
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Périvier, Noémie, Chamsi Hssaine, Samitha Samaranayake, and Siddhartha Banerjee. "Real-time Approximate Routing for Smart Transit Systems." Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems 5, no. 2 (2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3460091.
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We study real-time routing policies in smart transit systems, where the platform has a combination of cars and high-capacity vehicles (e.g., buses or shuttles) and seeks to serve a set of incoming trip requests. The platform can use its fleet of cars as a feeder to connect passengers to its high-capacity fleet, which operates on fixed routes. Our goal is to find the optimal set of (bus) routes and corresponding frequencies to maximize the social welfare of the system in a given time window. This generalizes the Line Planning Problem, a widely studied topic in the transportation literature, for which existing solutions are either heuristic (with no performance guarantees), or require extensive computation time (and hence are impractical for real-time use). To this end, we develop a 1-1/e-ε approximation algorithm for the Real-Time Line Planning Problem, using ideas from randomized rounding and the Generalized Assignment Problem. Our guarantee holds under two assumptions: (i) no inter-bus transfers and (ii) access to a pre-specified set of feasible bus lines. We moreover show that these two assumptions are crucial by proving that, if either assumption is relaxed, the łineplanningproblem does not admit any constant-factor approximation. Finally, we demonstrate the practicality of our algorithm via numerical experiments on real-world and synthetic datasets, in which we show that, given a fixed time budget, our algorithm outperforms Integer Linear Programming-based exact methods.
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Mirnig, Alexander G., Magdalena Gärtner, Vivien Wallner, et al. "Mind the Seat Limit: On Capacity Management in Public Automated Shuttles." Frontiers in Human Dynamics 3 (June 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2021.689133.
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With ever growing automation of public transport automated shuttles offer an attractive alternative in areas where traffic regulations limit the deployment of large buses (city centres) or where low degrees of utilization renders the manual vehicles operation non-economical (last mile). The low capacities of shuttles in combination with the human factor (driver or conductor) makes capacity management a greater challenge for the user. Capacity management describes the allocation of available seats in a vehicle, e.g., when buying a ticket. In this paper, we present the results of series of studies where capacity management in automated shuttles has been tested via instruments that are currently available in public transit (audio announcements, in-shuttle displays, booking apps). We found that measures during and after boarding are not sufficient and that capacity management in automated shuttle requires a more detailed planning of pre-boarding stages; when boarding automated shuttles as opposed to non-automated public buses the flexibility is reduced. The paper concludes with discussion and recommendations for an optimal capacity management d.
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Kanyio, Olufunto Adedotun. "Application of Single-Server Queue System in Performance Analysis of Shuttle Bus Operation: A Case Study of Federal University of Technology Akure." August 15, 2019. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3375127.
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This study has examined the performance of University transport bus shuttle based on utilization using a Single-server queue system which occur if arrival and service rate is Poisson distributed (single queue) (M/M/1) queue. In the methodology, Single-server queue system was modelled based on Poisson Process with the introduction of Laplace Transform. Also, PASTA was introduced in queuing systems with Poisson arrivals. It is concluded that the performance of University transport bus shuttle is 93 percent which indicates a very good performance such that the supply of shuttle bus in FUTA is capable of meeting the demand. This study can be improved upon by examining the peak and off-peak period of traffic in the two major corridors (North gate and South gate) of FUTA, the economic cost of operating bus shuttle services can also be examined.
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Kim, Seohyun, and Carlos Pena. "Addressing US Food Deserts: Evaluating Current Solutions and Proposing Other Comprehensive Alternatives." Journal of Student Research 12, no. 3 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i3.4972.
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Food deserts, characterized by limited access to affordable and nutritious food options due to the absence of nearby grocery stores, affect the lives of approximately 19 million individuals across the United States. This study critically evaluates the efficacy of current solutions and proposes a comprehensive approach that addresses the spatial challenges inherent in food deserts. Through an extensive literature review and insightful interviews with academic experts and a local food bank, this research examines the limitations of existing initiatives such as SNAP, SNAP-Ed, HFFI, and urban agriculture in effectively tackling food deserts. Notably, most of these programs tackle financial support but do not tackle the widespread and systemic accessibility of supermarkets that is a key characteristic of food deserts. While these programs have shown some positive impact in mitigating food insecurity, they fail to directly address the fundamental issue of distance between individuals and food resources. In response to these limitations, this study proposes a comprehensive solution that centers on enhancing public transit systems and establishing robust online delivery platforms. By improving transportation options, such as implementing shuttle buses, individuals residing in food deserts can more easily access supermarkets and grocery stores, thereby overcoming the distance challenge. Additionally, online delivery services can bridge the gap by providing convenient access to nutritious food, regardless of geographic location. To ensure the effectiveness of these solutions, government subsidies should be considered to alleviate delivery fees and reduce costs.