Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transition curves

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Transition curves'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Transition curves"

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Koc, Władysław, and Katarzyna Palikowska. "Modelling of joining route segments of different curvature." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 11, no. 1 (March 25, 2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2016.01.

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The paper presents a new general method of modelling route segments curvature using differential equations. The method enables joining of route segments of different curvature. Transitional curves of linear and nonlinear curvatures have been identified in the case of joining two circular arcs by S-shaped and C-oval transitions. The obtained S-shaped curves have been compared to the cubic C-Bezier curves and to the Pythagorean hodograph quantic Bezier curve using the Lateral Change of Acceleration diagram and the dynamic model. The analysis of dynamic properties has showed an advantage of the obtained transition curve of nonlinear curvature over Bezier curves.
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Brustad, Tanita Fossli, and Rune Dalmo. "Exploring Benefits of Using Blending Splines as Transition Curves." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 19, 2020): 4226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124226.

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Track geometry is a fundamental subject in railway construction. With the demand for increased capacity in terms of load and speed, the need for suitable transitions between consecutive track sections is highly relevant. Properly constructed transition curves lead to improved travel comfort, increased safety, and reduced wear. The well known clothoid curve is widely used as a transition curve; however, the linear curvature is not sufficiently smooth to meet the requirements for railways carrying high speed trains or heavy hauls. Blending spline curves are flexible spline constructions possessing favourable smoothness properties at the end points, which makes them considerable for use as transition curves. This paper demonstrates some selected blending splines applied as transition curves between two existing circular arc segments selected from the Ofotbanen railway. The main results in this paper are related to the smoothness at the end points and the behaviour of the curvature of the curves, where the new transition curves were shown to be smoother than the original clothoid. Another new result is the observation that the proposed method allows for the improvement of existing railways without forcing extensive changes to the original track. Some representative examples are included to highlight the flexibility of this first instance of blending splines as transition curves.
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Chotěborský, R., D. Herák, V. Bezouška, P. Hrabě, and M. Müller. "Mathematical function for the transition curves description ." Research in Agricultural Engineering 51, No. 3 (February 7, 2012): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4908-rae.

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Toughness is one of important material properties. At present steel is still the most used material. Owing to the temperature this material can fail both brittly and ductily. Therefore we look for the temperature above which the material will failur ductily. The Charpy impact test is one of methods how to determine the ductility by the temperature – transition access in the determined temperature range. The measured data file is large and it requires the interlay by a curve which presents the relation between the impact energy and the temperature.
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Kurhan, Mykola, Dmytro Kurhan, Marina Husak, and Nelya Hmelevska. "Determination of the type and the length for the transition curves on the directions of high-speed train operation." Acta Technica Jaurinensis 15, no. 2 (May 25, 2022): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14513/actatechjaur.00658.

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In many countries around the world, a cubic parabola is used as transition curves in a simplified form. Today, the properties of many mathematical curves are well studied, which can be used as transition curves. The object of research is the process of restructuring transition curves when organizing high-speed trains operation. The use of modern means of mathematical modelling allows to add a number of dynamic characteristics for evaluation parameters of motion in the curved sections of the tracks. Thus, with an increase in speed for transition curves, both the values of unbalanced acceleration and its change in time, and also the velocity attenuation of oscillations of rolling stock when moving from a transition curve to a circular curve or to a direct section. On the basis of the conducted research, it has been found that when increasing the speed of the vehicle movement in the range from 120 to 200 km/h, the length of the stabilization section increases at the output of the curvature by an average of 20 m for every 40 km/h. The analysis showed that with correctly set parameters of transition curves, which correspond to the maximum speed of movement and radius of a circular curve, the strength and reliability of the bearing elements in the structure of the permanent way and the travel comfort are fully ensured.
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Brustad, Tanita Fossli. "Preliminary Studies on Transition Curve Geometry: Reality and Virtual Reality." Emerging Science Journal 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2020-01204.

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The topic of transition curves is well known in track and road engineering. Over the years the need for easement between straight and curved sections in railway and road design has grown, with an important reason being increase in vehicle speed. Testing of transitions is often done with graph analysis where the property of lateral change of acceleration is compared between varieties of curves. However, graph analysis does not give a clear understanding of the behaviour of a vehicle in a transition phase the way, for instance, field or laboratory experiments might do. In this paper we present an initial study on the behaviour of a down-scaled vehicle model driving through three distinct transitions from straight to curved sections. In addition we show a comparison of the physical model against a virtual model.
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Koc, Władysław. "Smoothed transition curve for railways." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2019, no. 7 (July 1, 2019): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_19_07_03.

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The work draws attention to the existing situation in the area of transition curves used in the geometric layouts of the railway track. Difficulties in the practical implementation and maintenance of very small horizontal ordinates of the transition curve and the ordinates of the gradient due to cant in the initial section, appearing on smooth transition curves, were indicated. The main reason for this situation was the excessive smoothing of the curvature in their initial section. Employing the method of curvature identification by differential equations, a new form of the curve was obtained, which was referred to as the "smoothed transition curve". A definite advantage of this curve was shown, from the implementation point of view, over representing the smooth transition curves of the Bloss curve. . It seems that it could successfully compete with the commonly used clothoid, to which it is similar in the initial section, while it differs significantly along its further length, especially in the final section, where it provides a gentle entry from the transition curve into a circular arc.
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Red, Edward. "A dynamic optimal trajectory generator for Cartesian Path following." Robotica 18, no. 5 (September 2000): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700002629.

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This paper considers a dynamic and adaptive trajectory generator for negotiating paths using S-curves. Applying constant jerk transitions between the constant acceleration and deceleration periods of the trajectory, the trajectory will optimally transition to the desired speed setting. Optimal is defined to be the minimum time to transition from the current speed to the set speed for the move segment when jerk and acceleration are limited. The S-curve equations will adapt to instantaneous changes in speed setting and path length. An integrated motion planner will determine allowable speeds and transitional profiles based on the remaining move distance.
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Lee, Tae-kyung, Seokmin Hong, Jongmin Kim, Min-Chul Kim, and Jae-il Jang. "Evaluation of Transition Temperature in Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels 6using the Fracture Energy Transition Curve from a Small Punch Test." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 58, no. 8 (August 5, 2020): 522–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2020.58.8.522.

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The small punch (SP) test is one of the small specimen test techniques, and standardization of the SP test method for evaluating the mechanical properties of metallic materials is in progress. In this study, the impact transition temperature of reactor pressure vessel steels (RPV) in nuclear power plants was estimated using the draft standard SP test method. The SP fracture energy (ESP) and normalized SP fracture energy (ENSP) of the RPV steels were evaluated at various temperatures, and their transition curves were derived and compared to the transition curve in the Charpy V notch (CVN) test. The SP transition region appeared at a much lower temperature range than that of the CVN owing to the size and notch effect. Ductile brittle transition temperature (DBTT) in the SP transition curve showed a linear relationship with DBTT and T41J in the CVN transition curve. The ductile to brittle transition behaviors of SP specimens were analyzed using fractographs and compared with the transition curves in ESP and ENSP. ENSP started to decrease at the temperature at which the SP ductile to brittle transition behavior occurred, and this means that the ENSP transition curves were in good agreement with transition behavior in the SP test. However, the ESP transition curves did not match transition behavior. Using DBTT in the ENSP transition curve is appropriate to estimate the CVNDBTT and T41J.
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Tari, Ergin, and Orhan Baykal. "A new transition curve with enhanced properties." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 5 (October 1, 2005): 913–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-051.

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A new transition curve-3 (NTC-3), joining two straight lines by providing second-degree contact related to the properties of vehicle–road system without the necessity of a circular arc, is presented. The NTC-3 is offered by curvature and superelevation functions and is compared with the new generation transition curves-1 and -2 (NTC-1, NTC-2) and spiral curves. The properties of vehicle–road system, represented by function of lateral change of acceleration (LCA), are examined for these curves. Three criteria are taken into account to compare the curves. The NTC-3 and NTC-1 are compared in five-different motion models: model with constant velocity, model with positive acceleration, model with negative acceleration, model with negative acceleration – positive acceleration, and model with positive acceleration – negative acceleration. Examination of three criteria shows that NTC-3 is superior to the other curves on the basis of vehicle–road system.Key words: route design, transition curve, vehicle–road system, curvature, lateral change of acceleration, superelevation, motion model.
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Zboiński, Krzysztof, Piotr Woźnica, and Yaroslav Bolzhelarskyi. "Modelling of the shape of railway transition curves from the point of view of passenger comfort." Archives of Transport 60, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6931.

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In the past, railway transition curves were not used. Instead of it, a simple connection of the straight track and circular arc was applied. Nowadays, such simplicity is not allowed due to the increasing vehicle operating velocities. It is mainly visible in the high-speed train lines, where long curves are used. The article aims to develop a new shape of railway transition curves for which passenger travel comfort will be as high as possible. Considerations in this paper concern the polynomials of 9th- and 11th-degrees, which were adopted to the mathematical model of the mentioned shape of curves. The study's authors applied a 2-axle rail vehicle model combined with mathematically understood optimisation methods. The advanced vehicle model can better assign the dynamical properties of railway transition curves to freight and passenger vehicles. The mentioned model was adopted to simulate rail vehicle movement in both cases of the shape of transition curves and the shape of circular arc (for comparison of the results). Passenger comfort, described by European Standard EN 12299, was used as the assessment criterion. The work showed that the method using the 2-axle railway vehicle model combined with mathematically understood optimisation works correctly, and the optimisation of the transition curve shape is possible. The current study showed that the 3rd-degree parabola (the shape of the curve traditionally used in railway engineering) is not always the optimum shape. In many cases (especially for the long curves), the optimum shape of curves is between the standard transition curves and the linear curvature of the 3rd-degree parabola. The new shapes of the railway transition curves obtained when the passenger comfort is taken into account result in new railway transition curves shapes. In the authors' opinion, the results presented in the current work are a novelty in optimisation and the properties assessment of railway transition curves.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transition curves"

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Sasaki, Shinji. "A bifurcation phenomenon of Stokes curves around a double turning point, and influence of virtual turning points upon the transition probabilities for three-level systems." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215284.

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Patel, Hamantkumar Vasudev. "The kinetics of liquid-liquid extraction of metals in a rotating diffusion cell : a rotating diffusion cell is used to study the rates of extraction of divalent transition metals by di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phosphoric acid and a sulphur analogue : a chemical-diffusion model describes the rate curves." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5025.

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A rotating diffusion cell (RDC) has been used to study the kinetics of extraction of the transition metals cobalt (II), nickel (II), copper (II) and zinc (II) from sulphate solutions into either of two extractants held in n-heptane; di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) or di-(2- ethylhexyl) dithiophosphoric acid (D2EHDTPA). The metal concentration was 10 mM and the aqueous pH was held at 4.5. The extractant concentration was varied between 0.015 to 0.4 M. In the case of cobalt extraction by D2EHPA, the metal concentration and the pH were varied Different diluents and modifiers were also studied.The rate of extraction by D2EHDTPA was found to be faster than D2EHPA. A comprehensive mathematical model, based upon established two film theory, was developed and used to describe the above experimental results. The model was also used to predict values of the important parameters. ... These values compared well with those found by other authors but using quite different experimental techniques. OS4 In the case of cobalt extraction by D2EHPA, the more polar diluents lowered the initial rate. The overall model predicts such behaviour where the rate is also dependent on the partition coefficients of the extractant. Finally, the theory of the RDC allows the prediction of the diffusion layer thicknesses, this information together with the reaction zone thickness is used to explore the influences of diffusion and chemical reaction on the overall transfer process. The diffusion processes are calculated to be the most important of the two. This is especially so for the D2EHDTPA systems.
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Cabot, Hervé. "Analyse des courbes de lumière et interprétation de l'activité des comètes lointaines : application à la comète P/Schwassmann-Wachmann 1." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10078.

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Les cometes sont les objets connus les moins evolues du systeme solaire. Leur etude permet de mieux comprendre la formation ainsi que l'evolution du systeme solaire. La comete p/schwassmann-wachmann 1 (p/sw1) se situe sur une orbite quasi-circulaire entre 5. 7 et 6. 4 unites astronomiques. A cette distance du soleil, la sublimation de glace d'eau est negligeable et pourtant, cette comete est tres active, presentant parfois des sursauts d'activite de plusieurs magnitudes appeles outbursts. Elle pourrait donc nous renseigner sur les mecanismes d'activite cometaires. Nous avons montre dans ce travail que la probabilite de collision avec un objet interplanetaire etait tres faible et que cette hypothese ne pouvait expliquer les frequents outbursts observes. Une analyse des magnitudes de la comete p/sw1 sur 70 ans a ete realisee. Nous n'avons pas trouve de periodicite dans le signal, mais nous avons mis en evidence une correlation entre le niveau moyen d'activite de la comete et la distance heliocentrique. Toutefois, il existe un retard de l'ordre de quelques annees entre le maximum d'activite et le passage au perihelie. Nous savons que les cometes ont ete formees a de tres basses temperatures et doivent contenir de la glace amorphe a l'origine. Cette glace a pu rester sous cette forme, notamment dans le cas de p/sw1, qui reste toujours loin du soleil. Des gaz tels que le monoxyde de carbone (co) peuvent etre pieges dans la matrice amorphe, et relaches lors de la cristallisation. Nous pensons que ce phenomene peut etre a l'origine des outbursts observes, alors que l'activite permanente serait due a la sublimation du co en profondeur, ce qui expliquerait le retard observe. Nous avons egalement simule de facon independante des processus cometaires (diffusion de gaz, propagation d'une onde de chaleur) et realise un modele simpliste de noyau cometaire. Ces simulations montrent que les hypotheses de notre scenario sont credibles et qu'un phenomene exothermique tel que la transition de phase devrait exister dans les noyaux cometaires pour pouvoir rendre compte des outbursts observes
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Khandaker, Md Shahriar K. "Investigation on the Mechanisms of Elastomechanical Behavior of Resilin." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64362.

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Resilin is a disordered elastomeric protein and can be found in specialized regions of insect cuticles. Its protein sequence, functions and dynamic mechanical properties vary substantially across the species. Resilin can operate across the frequency range from 5 Hz for locomotion to 13 kHz for sound production. To understand the functions of different exons of resilin, we synthesize recombinant resilin-like hydrogels from different exons, and investigate the water content and dynamic mechanical properties, along with estimating surface energies relevant for adhesion. The recombinant resilin-like hydrogel has 80wt% water and does not show any sign of tack even though it satisfies the Dahlquist criterion. Finally, doubly shifted dynamic moduli master curves are developed by applying the time-temperature concentration superposition principle (TTCSP), and compared to results obtained with natural resilin from locusts, dragonflies and cockroaches. The resulting master curves show that the synthetic resilin undergoes a prominent transition, though the responsible mechanism is unclear. Possible explanations for the significant increase in modulus include the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, altered structural organization, or passing through a glass transition, all of which have been reported in the literature for polymeric materials. Results show that in nature, resilin operates at a much lower frequency than this glass transition frequency at room temperature. Moreover, recombinant resilins from different clones have comparable resilience with natural resilin, though the modulus is around 1.5 decades lower. Results from the clones with and without chitin binding domains (ChBD) indicate that the transition for the clone without ChBD occurs at lower frequencies than for those with the ChBD, perhaps due to the disordered nature of the clone without ChBD. Atomistic molecular modeling is applied on the repetitive motifs of resilin and different elastomeric proteins to better understand the relationship between elastomeric behavior and amino acid sequences. Results show that the motifs form a favorable bent conformation, likely enabled by glycine's lack of steric hindrance and held in place through intramolecular hydrogen bonds. During Steered Molecular Dynamic (SMD) pulling of these motifs, the hydrogen bonds break and they reform again when the peptides are released to move freely, returning to similar bent conformations. The transition seen in the master curves of recombinant resilins might be due to either these intramolecular hydrogen bonds or to glass transition behavior, though evidence indicates that the transition probably due to the glass transition. What we learned from the synthesized recombinant resilin and simulating the repetitive motifs of resilin may be applicable to the biology and mechanics of other elastomeric biomaterials, and may provide deeper understanding of their unique properties.
Ph. D.
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Hashemi, Seyyed Amirreza. "Transition to turbulent flow in finite length curved pipe using nek5000." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1450458762.

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De, Santis Ruggero. "Curve spline generalizzate di interpolazione locale." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9016/.

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Questa tesi presenta un metodo generale per la costruzione di curve spline generalizzate di interpolazione locale. Costruiremo quest'ultime miscelando polinomi interpolanti generalizzati a blending function generalizzate. Verrano inoltre verificate sperimentalmente alcune delle proprietà di queste curve.
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Pleshkan, Viktoriya Y. "Nurse Practitioners' Experiences with Role Transition: Supporting the Learning Curve Through Preceptorship." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5586.

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The nurse practitioner (NP) role transition is difficult and ill-supported before and after graduation. Although preceptorships are essential in supporting a NP's role transition, there is a paucity of data on student and novice NPs' experiences with their role transition and how it is supported through preceptorships. The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to understand and describe the meaning of NPs' role transition experiences while in a preceptorship before and after graduation. Schlossberg's transition theory and the cognitive apprenticeship models were used to guide the exploration of concepts of role transition and preceptorship. One face-to-face, 3 Skype, and 12 phone interviews were conducted with NPs who were currently practicing in the NP role (>3 months but <5 years) in those states that require collaborative practice agreement. Transcribed interviews were coded using Van Manen's analysis strategies. Findings suggested that NPs' difficult transition to practice was related to their preceptorship support in NP school and in NP work settings. The data showed ill-supported preceptorships when in NP programs. Lack of preceptorships after the graduation was accompanied by employers' expecting novice NPs to function at an expert level, frequently with minimal guidance. Understanding how NPs transition to practice and how their role transition is supported through preceptorships can be used to inform NP educators and organizations that hire NPs of the changes needed to strengthen NPs' role transition. These findings may promote positive social change by guiding stakeholders to improve the NP role transition, which could, in turn, increase NPs' autonomy, retention, and job satisfaction.
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Ghosh, Jewel Kumar. "Aspects of Holographic Renormalization Group Flows on Curved Manifolds." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC071.

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La correspondance CFT (Anti-De Sitter) (AdS) / Théorie des champs conformes (CFT), également connue sous le nom de dualité holographique, constitue un lien remarquable entre la théorie des cordes (qui inclut la gravité) et les théories de jauge. Elle relie une CFT dans un espace-temps d-dimensionnel à une théorie de la gravité dans un espace-temps dimension supérieur, également appelé bloc. Ce dernier a une limite dans laquelle réside la théorie du champ conforme.Dans cette thèse, le sujet d'étude est la description holographique des flux de groupes de renormalisation (RG) des théories (de champ) sur les espaces-temps à symétrie maximale. Le cadre théorique que j'ai utilisé est la théorie d'Einstein-scalaire. L'inclusion du champ scalaire dynamique correspond à la rupture de l'invariance conforme aux limites. Dans ce travail, les limites et les tranches du bloc sont choisies pour être des espaces-temps à symétrie maximale et l'évolution des champs en bloc est étudiée. Il décrit les écoulements RG holographiques sur des variétés courbes. De plus, deux applications sont présentées dans cette thèse. La première application s'inscrit dans le contexte des théorèmes F et la seconde concerne un défaut incurvé dans les flux RG holographiques en masse.Les théorèmes F pour les théories de champs quantiques (QFT) définies dans des espaces-temps tridimensionnels exigent l'existence de fonctions dites F. Ce sont des fonctions décroissantes de façon monotone le long du flux RG. Dans ce travail, de nouvelles fonctions F pour les théories holographiques ont été découvertes. Elles sont construites à partir de l'action sur la parois d'une solution de flux holographique RG sur une sphère à 3-sphères. Ils permettent une interprétation entropique, fournissant ainsi un lien direct entre la formulation entropique du théorème F et sa définition en termes d’énergie libre.La deuxième application des flux RG holographiques explorée dans cette thèse se situe dans le contexte de modèles affichant un mécanisme d'auto-ajustement en tant que résolution proposée du problème de la constante cosmologique (CC). Dans ces modèles, notre univers à 4-dimensions est réalisé comme une brane intégrée dans un volume à 5-dimensions. Ce cadre permet des solutions où la géométrie de la brane est plate malgré la présence d'une énergie de vide non triviale sur son worldvolume. Ceci est appelé réglage automatique. De chaque côté de la brane, les solutions sont des flux RG holographiques. Le nouvel aspect introduit dans cette thèse consiste à utiliser les flux RG holographiques sur des variétés courbes, ce qui permet à son tour d’étudier des solutions à réglage automatique dans lesquelles la brane est également courbe
The Anti-de Sitter (AdS)/Conformal Field Theory (CFT) correspondence, also known as holographic duality, is a remarkable connection between string theory (which includes gravity) and gauge theories. It relates a CFT in a d-dimensional space-time to a gravity theory in higher dimensional space-time which is also referred to as the bulk. The latter has a boundary on which the conformal eld theory may be thought to reside. In this thesis, the subject of study is the holographic description of Renormalization Group (RG) fows of (field) theories on maximally symmetric space-times. The theoretical framework I used is Einstein-scalar theory. Inclusion of the dynamical scalar field corresponds to breaking boundary conformal invariance. In this work, both the boundary and bulk slices are chosen to be maximally symmetric space-times and the evolution of bulk fields is studied. It describes holographic RG flows on curved manifolds. Furthermore, two applications are presented in this thesis. The first application is in the context of F-theorems and the second is regarding a curved defect in the bulk holographic RG flows.F-theorems for Quantum Field Theories (QFT) defined on 3-dimensional space-times demand the existence of so-called F-functions. These are monotonically decreasing functions along the RG flow. In this work, new F-functions for holographic theories have been found which are constructed from the on-shell action of a holographic RG flow solution on a 3-sphere. They allow an entropic interpretation, therefore providing a direct connection between the entropic formulation of the F-theorem and its definition in terms of free energy. The second application of holographic RG flows explored in this thesis is in the context of models displaying a self-tuning mechanism as a proposed resolution of the cosmological constant (CC) problem. In these models, our 4-dimensional universe is realized as a brane embedded in a 5-dimensional bulk. This framework allows solutions where the brane geometry is flat despite of the presence of non-trivial vacuum energy on its worldvolume. This is referred to as self-tuning. On each side of the brane, the solutions are holographic RG flows. The new aspect introduced in this thesis is to use the holographic RG flows on curved manifolds, which in turn allows the study of self-tuning solutions where the brane is also curved
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Davidsson, Simon. "Global energy transitions : Renewable energy technology and non-renewable resources." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-245307.

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The global energy system is dominated by the use of fossil fuels. This system suffers from several problems, such as different environmental issues, while the long-term energy security is sometimes questioned. As an alternative to this situation, a transition to a global energy system based on renewable energy technologies, to a large extent solar and wind energy, is commonly proposed. Constructing the technology needed for such a transition requires resources and how fast this could happen is somewhat disputed. This thesis explores methods to assess the potential constraints for realizing such a transition by looking at potential technology growth rates and outlooks of production of the required natural resources. The thesis is based on three papers presenting case studies that look at growth rates of wind energy as well as future production outlooks of lithium and phosphate rock. Using different types of growth patterns reaching proposed installed capacities of wind power, annual commissioning requirements are investigated, taking account for the limited life expectancy oftechnology. Potential outlooks of mineral production are explored using resource constrained curve-fitting models on global lithium production. A more disaggregated model looking at individual countries are used on phosphate rock production to investigate new perspectives on production outlooks. It is concluded that the growth rates of individual energy technologies affect the resource requirements and prospective constraints on energy transitions. Resource constrained modelling of resource production can provide spans of potential outlooks for future production of resources required for anenergy transition. A higher disaggregation of the modelling can provide new perspectives of potential constraints on future production. These aspects should be further investigated when proposing alternative future energy systems.
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He, Lijuan. "A global search algorithm for phase transition pathways in computer-aided nano-design." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50248.

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One of the most important design issues for phase change materials is to engineer the phase transition process. The challenge of accurately predicting a phase transition is estimating the true value of transition rate, which is determined by the saddle point with the minimum energy barrier between stable states on the potential energy surface (PES). In this thesis, a new algorithm for searching the minimum energy path (MEP) is presented. The new algorithm is able to locate both the saddle point and local minima simultaneously. Therefore no prior knowledge of the precise positions for the reactant and product on the PES is needed. Unlike existing pathway search methods, the algorithm is able to search multiple transition paths on the PES simultaneously, which gives us a more comprehensive view of the energy landscape than searching individual ones. In this method, a Bézier curve is used to represent each transition path. During the searching process, the reactant and product states are located by minimizing the two end control points of the curve, while the shape of the transition pathway is refined by moving the intermediate control points of the curve in the conjugate directions. A curve subdivision scheme is developed so that multiple transitions paths can be located. The algorithm is demonstrated by examples of LEPS potential, LEPS plus harmonic oscillator potential, and PESs defined by Rastrigin function and Schwefel function.
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Books on the topic "Transition curves"

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Kobryń, Andrzej. Transition Curves for Highway Geometric Design. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53727-6.

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Tom, Gregory K. J. Accidents on spiral transition curves in California. [Sacramento, Calif.]: California Dept. of Transportation, Division of Traffic Operations, 1992.

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Bonneson, James A. Superelevation distribution methods and transition designs. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 2000.

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Franz, Wolfgang. Central and East European labor markets in transition: Developments, causes, and cures. Konstanz: Forschungsschwerpunkt "Internationale Arbeitsmarktforschung, Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften und Statistik Universität Konstanz, 1994.

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Franz, Wolfgang. Central and east European labour markets in transition: Developments, causes, and cures. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1995.

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Imparato, Nicholas. Jumping the curve: Innovation and strategic choice in an age of transition. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1994.

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Imparato, Nicholas. Jumping the curve: Innovation and strategic choice in an age of transition. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1994.

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Kendall, Michael R. Effects of centrifugal instabilities on laminar/turbulent transition in curved channels with 40 to 1 aspect ratios. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1991.

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Fuqua, Steven Jay. Study of the transition to turbulence within a curved rectangular channel with 40 to 1 aspect ratio. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1991.

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Canadian Society of Civil Engineers., ed. Transition curves. [S.l: s.n., 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transition curves"

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Uren, J., and W. F. Price. "Transition Curves." In Surveying for Engineers, 236–72. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07348-1_10.

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Uren, J., and W. F. Price. "Transition Curves." In Surveying for Engineers, 236–72. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07355-9_10.

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Uren, John, and Bill Price. "Transition curves." In Surveying for engineers, 624–82. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-05279-7_13.

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Uren, J., and W. F. Price. "Transition Curves." In Surveying for Engineers, 358–403. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-12950-8_11.

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Tonias, Elias C., and Constantine N. Tonias. "Spiral Transition Curves." In Geometric Procedures for Civil Engineers, 243–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24295-8_9.

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Walker, John, and Joseph Awange. "Transition Curves and Superelevation." In Surveying for Civil and Mine Engineers, 230–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45803-4_11.

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Kobryń, Andrzej. "Polynomial Description of Transition Curves." In Transition Curves for Highway Geometric Design, 63–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53727-6_7.

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Kobryń, Andrzej. "Simple Horizontal and Vertical Curves." In Transition Curves for Highway Geometric Design, 7–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53727-6_2.

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Kobryń, Andrzej. "Transition Curves Described Using Curvature Function." In Transition Curves for Highway Geometric Design, 25–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53727-6_4.

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Kobryń, Andrzej. "Transition Curves Described Using Explicit Function." In Transition Curves for Highway Geometric Design, 49–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53727-6_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transition curves"

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Younesian, D., E. Esmailzadeh, and R. Sedaghati. "Transition Curves for Nonhomogeneous Mathieu Equation." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85170.

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The generalized form of the non-homogeneous Mathieu differential equation is analyzed in this paper. This type of differential equation arises from dynamic behavior of a pendulum subjected to the butterfly support motion. The Lindstedt-Poincare’s technique is considered in order to obtain the analytical solutions. The transition curves in some special cases are presented and their related periodic solutions with periods of 2π and 4π are obtained. Numerical simulation is carried out for some typical points in ε-δ plane.
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Pachamanov, Angel, Konstantin Hristov, Iva Petrinska, and Kamen Georgiev. "Transition from Luminance Curves to Curves of the Intensity for LED Luminaires." In 2018 Seventh Balkan Conference on Lighting (BalkanLight). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/balkanlight.2018.8546880.

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Sienkiewicz, J. E., G. Chambaud, and W. E. Baylis. "Potential curves and transition moments of HG-ZN." In Spectral line shapes. AIP, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.39893.

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Li, Xiangguo, Musong Li, Hailong Wang, Jianqing Bu, and Mingzhang Chen. "Simulation on Dynamic Behavior of Railway Transition Curves." In Tenth International Conference of Chinese Transportation Professionals (ICCTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41127(382)361.

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Maljković, Biljana, Dražen Cvitanić, and Tomislav Radić. "Effect of geometric road characteristics on deceleration rate in transition from tangent to horizontal curve for two-lane rural roads." In 7th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2022.1368.

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Evaluation of geometric design consistency presents an important safety aspect in road design. The most commonly used consistency criteria are based on defining operating speed variations along the road segment, usually by depicting operating speed profiles. Many models have been developed worldwide to predict operating speed on curves and tangents. However, it is not possible to create a continuous operating speed profile if transition acceleration and deceleration rates are not defined. Under this scope, this paper presents a study of the deceleration phenomenon based on speeds continuously measured on a segment of a two-lane state road by using a GPS device. Dependence of driver behaviour in tangent to curve transition on geometric characteristics of the road was analysed. The regression analyses show that the deceleration rate is only affected by the curve radius. More specifically, higher deceleration rates generally correspond to transitions between independent tangents to sharper curves that represent inconsistent road alignment.
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Dutta, B. K., M. K. Samal, M. K. Sahu, and H. S. Kushwaha. "Analytical Determination of Material JR and Fracture Toughness Transition Curves Using Micro-Mechanical Modelling." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2588.

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Local approach has been used to compute a) Jinitiation and JR curves at different temperatures and b) fracture toughness transition curves for German Reactor Pressure Vessel Steel 22NiMoCr37. Ductile fracture has been analyzed using Gurson material constitutive model and probability of cleavage failure is calculated using Beremin’s model. A variation of Gurson parameter q2 near crack tip region as a function of charpy energy is suggested to obtain Jinitiation as well as complete JR curve accurately at different metal temperatures.
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Li, Xiangguo, Musong Li, Chao Ma, Jianqing Bu, and Liangliang Zhu. "Analysis on Mechanical Performances of High-Speed Railway Transition Curves." In Ninth International Conference of Chinese Transportation Professionals (ICCTP). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41064(358)481.

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Gui, Lele, Tong Xu, Binan Shou, and Haiyang Yu. "Estimation of Q345R Fracture Toughness Based on Master Curve." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65484.

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1T CT specimens are used to evaluate the fracture toughness of Chinese Q345R steel in the ductile-brittle transition regime by Master Curve method. Tensile tests, Charpy impact tests and drop-weight tests of Q345R steel are also carried out to get the ductile-brittleness transition temperature and nil-ductility transition temperature. Master Curves are compared with the empirical formulas adopted in ASME, API and BS codes. Results show that the reference temperature T0 values derived from single-temperature and multi-temperature method by 1T specimen are basically consistent. Master Curve can well envelop the fracture toughness and temperature curves derived from the empirical formulas, and is more economic and flexible than the K1C curve with sufficient conservation.
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Nakhaie Jazar, G., M. Mahinfalah, M. Rastgaar Aagaah, and N. Mahmoudian. "Distribution of Sub and Super Harmonic Solution of Mathieu Equation Within Stable Zones." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85391.

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The third stable region of the Mathieu stability chart, surrounded by one π-transition and one 2π-transition curve is investigated. It is known that the solution of Mathieu equation is either periodic or quasi-periodic when its parameters are within stable regions. Periodic responses occur when they are on a “splitting curve”. Splitting curves are within stable regions and are corresponding to coexisting of periodic curves where an instability tongue closes. Distributions of sub and super-harmonics, as well as quasi-periodic solutions are analyzed using power spectral density method.
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Saryazdi, Maryam Gh, and Mohammad Durali. "Determination of Transition Curves for a Gear System With Coulomb Friction." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13447.

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This paper discusses the determination of the transition curves for a pair of spur gear with coulomb friction. Transition curves are the loci of periodic response of parametrically excited systems and separate the stable and unstable solutions. A discrete model of a pair of spur gear is developed and the friction forces are calculated base on instantaneous dynamic force between gear teeth. The dynamic equation of the system is a linear ordinary differential equation with periodic coefficients. Periodic friction torque, as the parametric excitation is represented by Fourier series. The loci of periodic solutions are determined in μ-Γ plane (coefficient of friction-contact ratio) by strained parameters method. The influence of angular velocity on transition curves and stability zones is examined. Finally, stable and unstable zones are determined and the existence of periodic solutions on transition curves is verified by numerical analysis.
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Reports on the topic "Transition curves"

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Xu, S., J. McKinley, J. Chen, J. Liang, and A. Laver. Characterization of microstructure, tensile (23°C to 850°C) and Charpy transition curves of a current tank car steel (TC128B) circumferential weld. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329689.

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Sharp, Jeremy, Locke Williams, Duncan Bryant, Jake Allgeier, Kevin Pigg, Gary Bell, and Dana Moses. Rough River Outlet Works physical model study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41043.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers, Louisville District, requested the support and assistance of the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL), in the evaluation of the hydraulic performance of the replacement Outlet Works for Rough River Dam. To support the design effort, CHL constructed a 1:25.85 scale physical model. The proposed features of the model in the domain are the curved approach channel, intake structure, transition, curved conduit, stilling basin, concrete apron, and retreat channel. Tests performed to evaluate the hydraulic performance illuminated a few design concerns. To address these issues, several key design changes were made. These included the retreat channel slope, end sill design, and transition design.
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Wagner, D. Ry, Eliezer Lifschitz, and Steve A. Kay. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Flowering in Arabidopsis and Tomato. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585198.bard.

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The primary objectives for the US lab included: the characterization of ELF3 transcription and translation; the creation and characterization of various transgenic lines that misexpress ELF3; defining genetic pathways related to ELF3 function regulating floral initiation in Arabidopsis; and the identification of genes that either interact with or are regulated by ELF3. Light quality, photoperiod, and temperature often act as important and, for some species, essential environmental cues for the initiation of flowering. However, there is relatively little information on the molecular mechanisms that directly regulate the developmental pathway from the reception of the inductive light signals to the onset of flowering and the initiation of floral meristems. The ELF3 gene was identified as possibly having a role in light-mediated floral regulation since elj3 mutants not only flower early, but exhibit light-dependent circadian defects. We began investigating ELF3's role in light signalling and flowering by cloning the ELF3 gene. ELF3 is a novel gene only present in plant species; however, there is an ELF3 homolog within Arabidopsis. The Arabidopsis elj3 mutation causes arrhythmic circadian output in continuous light; however, we show conclusively normal circadian function with no alteration of period length in elj3 mutants in dark conditions and that the light-dependent arrhythmia observed in elj3 mutants is pleiotropic on multiple outputs regardless of phase. Plants overexpressing ELF3 have an increased period length in constant light and flower late in long-days; furthermore, etiolated ELF3-overexpressing seedlings exhibit a decreased acute CAB2 response after a red light pulse, whereas the null mutant is hypersensitive to acute induction. This finding suggests that ELF3 negatively regulates light input to both the clock and its outputs. To determine whether ELF3's action is phase dependent, we examined clock resetting by light pulses and constructed phase response curves. Absence of ELF3 activity causes a significant alteration of the phase response curve during the subjective night, and overexpression of ELF3 results in decreased sensitivity to the resetting stimulus, suggesting that ELF3 antagonizes light input to the clock during the night. Indeed, the ELF3 protein interacts with the photoreceptor PHYB in the yeast two-hybrid assay and in vitro. The phase ofELF3 function correlates with its peak expression levels of transcript and protein in the subjective night. ELF3 action, therefore, represents a mechanism by which the oscillator modulates light resetting. Furthermore, flowering time is dependent upon proper expression ofELF3. Scientifically, we've made a big leap in the understanding of the circadian system and how it is coupled so tightly with light reception in terms of period length and clock resetting. Agriculturally, understanding more about the way in which the clock perceives and relays temporal information to pathways such as those involved in the floral transition can lead to increased crop yields by enabling plants to be grown in suboptimal conditions.
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Boisclair, Yves R., Alan W. Bell, and Avi Shamay. Regulation and Action of Leptin in Pregnant and Lactating Dairy Cows. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7586465.bard.

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The original project had four specific objectives: (1) To complete the development of a radioimmunoassay for bovine leptin; (2) To characterize the leptin system in lactating dairy cows during the transition from pregnancy to lactation; (3) To identify endocrine factors regulating the production of leptin by bovine adipose tissue; (4) To study the actions of leptin on bovine adipose and mammary tissues in vitro. However, BARD funded only the development of the bovine leptin RIA (Objective 1) for a single year. This report describes our work in completing this objective. Leptin, a protein hormone secreted predominantly by white adipose tissue, plays a critical role in the regulation of energy metabolism. In rodents and humans, leptin informs the central nervous system of the size of the energy reserves, coordinates adaptations to periods of nutrient insufficiency, and regulates the metabolism of key tissues involved in the storage and dissipation of energy. However, almost nothing is known on the biology of leptin in cattle, in part because of the absence of a valid assay to measure bovine leptin. To remediate this situation, we have developed a radioimmunoassay capable of measuring bovine leptin with a high degree of sensitivity, accuracy and precision. First, we produced recombinant bovine leptin and used it to immunize rabbits, and to prepare bovine leptin trace and standards. A single antiserum with sufficient affinity and titer was identified. Using this antiserum, binding of 125I bovine leptin was displaced in a dose dependent manner by the addition of bovine or ovine leptin. Serial dilution of bovine and ovine plasma gave displacement curves that were parallel to that of bovine or ovine leptin. Recoveries of external addition of bovine leptin in ewe and cow plasma ranged between 94 and 104%. Plasma leptin concentration measured by this assay was increased by the plane of nutrition in growing calves and lambs. Finally, plasma leptin concentration was linearly related to the fat content of the empty carcass in growing cattle. We conclude that circulating leptin in sheep and cattle is increased by fatness and plane of nutrition, consistent with results in humans and rodents. This assay provides an important tool to investigate mechanisms that regulate plasma leptin in cattle and sheep.
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Baker, Lucy. The Political Economy of South Africa’s Carbon Tax. Institute of Development Studies, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2022.017.

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The subject of carbon pricing is rising up the global policy agenda, as countries take action in the aftermath of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s Conference of the Parties 26 summit in November 2021. South Africa is the only country in sub-Saharan Africa to have enacted a carbon tax to date, and, globally speaking, was ahead of the curve when it started to consider its implementation at the start of 2010. With a historically energy-intensive and carbon-intensive economy as a core feature of its minerals-energy complex, South Africa is the world’s 14th largest emitter of greenhouse gases, and the largest emitter on the continent. Its electricity grid is the world’s most carbon-intensive, and its primary energy consumption is ranked 17th globally. While the country’s gross domestic product is the 30th highest in the world, it is also one of the most unequal. It has a legacy of socioeconomic and political exclusion, and marginalisation created by the apartheid history that has persisted in the decades since the democratic transition in 1994. This paper asks to what extent and in what way has South Africa’s political economy shaped the process and implementation of its carbon tax? In answering this question, the report explores and analyses the design and implementation of the tax; the key criticisms to which it has been subjected; the effectiveness of the tax, not least in light of the considerable allowances and exemptions that have been included in its design; the relationship between the carbon tax and other existing climate change policies; and the potential relevance of South Africa’s experience for other countries on the continent.
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Han, Mangui. Critical Behavior of Thermal Expansion and Magnetostriction in the Vicinity of the First order transition at the Curie Point of Gd5(SixGe1-x)4. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/837267.

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Will Shale Impede or Accelerate the Global Energy Transition? King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center (KAPSARC), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-wb02.

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United States (U.S.) shale has transformed oil market dynamics in ways we never thought possible. Shale oil has transformed the oil supply curve through massive supply shocks, such as the rapid increase in tight oil production over the past decade, alongside productivity and technology developments.
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