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Journal articles on the topic 'Transition metrics'

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Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Bosch, Nigel, and Luc Paquette. "What's Next? Sequence Length and Impossible Loops in State Transition Measurement." Journal of Educational Data Mining 13, no. 1 (2021): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5048423.

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Transition metrics, which quantify the propensity for one event to follow another, are often utilized to study sequential patterns of behaviors, emotions, actions, and other states. However, little is known about the conditions in which application of transition metrics is appropriate. We report on two experiments in which we simulated sequences of states to explore the properties of common transition metrics (conditional probability, D'Mello's L, lag sequential analysis, and Yule's Q) where results should be null (i.e., random sequences). In experiment 1, we found that transition metrics produced statistically significant results with non-null effect sizes (e.g., Q > 0.2) when sequences of states were short. In experiment 2, we explored situations where consecutively repeated states (i.e., loops, or self-transitions) are impossible - e.g., in digital learning environments where actions such as hint requests cannot be made twice in a row. We found that impossible loops affected all transition metrics (e.g., Q = .646). Based on simulations, we recommend sequences of length 50 or more for transition metric analyses. Our software for calculating transition metrics and running simulated experiments is publicly available.

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D’alessandro, Kelly, and Paul Dargusch. "Using Emissions Intensity to Better Track Energy Transitions." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 1 (2020): 681–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0042.

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Abstract Current metrics fail to adequately capture the temporal and spatial complexity of energy transitions in a sufficiently meaningful way and this limits their usefulness to inform effective climate and energy policy and management. In this paper we propose a cumulative integral of CO2 emissions intensity for electricity and heat use as a metric to monitor energy transition progress. We demonstrate its application using International Energy Agency data for each of the G20-member countries. Findings show that whilst most countries are far from the energy transition positions required to effectively mitigate climate change, there are some examples of countries that have made an effective transition that provide useful insights into how energy transitions might progress more extensively.

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Ghys, Peter D., Mead Over, Timothy B. Hallett, Mary Mahy, and Peter Godfrey-Faussett. "Metrics and benchmarks for HIV transition." Lancet HIV 6, no. 3 (2019): e150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3018(19)30050-5.

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Parovic, Miroslav, and Miroslav Kljajic. "Improvement of metric for quantification and assessment of the energy justice." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci210527262p.

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This paper provide a qualitative analysis of existing metrics that directly or indirectly quantify energy justice. The main objective of the paper was to determine shortcomings and to suggest improvements in order to enhane existing metrics and create conditions for defining of new energy indicators. The emphasis was placed on the analysis of the readiness of the system for the energy transition. Therefore, elements of the energy trilemma of the observed countries were defined using known parameters related to the transition processes. The use of known economic, political, energy, environmental and other indicators provided the universality of the suggested metric and reduced the impact of subjectivity. Proposed improvements for the metric of energy justice and the defining of new energy indicators served as a help tool for decision-makers in the energy sector. Political solutions should strive to a balancing of the energy trilemma, which was the main precondition for achieving the goals of sustainable development and a just transition. The main results of this paper are the possibility of universal application of metric for the quantification of energy justice and a new composite indicator that indicated the level of energy transition fairness.

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Wagner, Peter J. "Testing evolutionary constraint hypotheses with early Paleozoic gastropods." Paleobiology 21, no. 3 (1995): 248–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300013294.

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The evolution of higher taxa among early Paleozoic gastropods is similar to that among early metazoans as a whole, as higher taxa diversified rapidly and early. There are two issues pertinent to this pattern. First, were greater morphologic changes concentrated in the early phases of evolution? Second, does the pattern better fit models of increasing phylogenetic constraints or increasing ecologic restrictions? This paper presents a phylogeny-based method designed to test whether amounts of morphologic evolution decreased over time. It also explores whether the data better fits models of increasing phylogenetic (i.e., developmental or genetic) constraint or increasing ecologic restriction. Two metrics of morphologic separation (i.e., the morphologic difference between sister-species) are used: (1) Euclidean distance in morphospace and (2) transition magnitude. The latter metric is calculated by a multivariate analysis of sister-species contrasts, which determines both types and magnitudes of morphologic transitions. The advantage of using transition magnitudes is that it balances the effects of transitions that either affect more morphometric characters or occur more frequently. Both metrics indicate that larger morphologic separations between sister-species were concentrated early in gastropod evolution. Among gastropods, gross shell morphology often reflects basic trophic strategy and function whereas basic internal anatomy does not. Transition magnitudes can be broken down into transitions associated with differences in basic trophic strategies and shell functional biology (“external”), and those associated with differences in basic internal anatomy (“internal”). Internal transition magnitudes show a highly significant decrease over time (p < 10–04) whereas external transition magnitudes show a much less significant decrease over time (p < 0.10) and no significant decrease after the earliest Ordovician (p ≅ 0.50). The results therefore suggest that increasing phylogenetic constraints played a greater role in the early evolution of gastropods than did increasing ecologic ones.

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Stephens, Simon, and Padraig Gallagher. "Metrics, metrics, metrics: the emergence of technological universities in Ireland." Quality Assurance in Education 30, no. 1 (2021): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qae-04-2021-0060.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore the experiences, attitudes and expectations of higher education managers in relation to the increased use of metrics. Specifically, the authors examine a system of metrics which was introduced as part of the process for establishing Technological Universities in Ireland. Design/methodology/approach A total of 12 managers were interviewed. The authors present data from the interviews in which the authors explore: the previous use of metrics; the impacts of the introduction of metrics; and the future use of metrics. A mix of narrative structuring and thematic analysis is used. Findings The introduction of metrics evokes a mixed reaction from the managers. The metrics allow performance in a range of activities to be measured, assessed and benchmarked. However, there are both direct and indirect impacts of the transition to a metric-based system, which the authors explore using six themes. Originality/value The authors apply the Academics Responding to Change model proposed by Trowler (1998) as the theoretical lens. This helps to capture the complex mix of direct and indirect effects that metrics can have on activities both at an individual and institutional level.

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Cao, Yining, Feng Zhou, Elizabeth M. Pulver, et al. "Towards standardized metrics for measuring takeover performance in conditionally automated driving: A systematic review." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, no. 1 (2021): 1065–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651213.

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A particular concern with SAE Level 3 automated vehicles is the takeover transition from the automated vehicle to the driver. Prior research has employed a wide range of metrics for measuring takeover performance. However, the lack of a set of standard metrics for measuring takeover performance makes it difficult to consolidate findings and summarize the influence of different factors. This article presents a review of the metrics employed in empirical literature examining takeover transitions in Level 3 automated driving and proposes a framework for standardizing the objective takeover performance metrics.

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Deng, Yuxin, Tom Chothia, Catuscia Palamidessi, and Jun Pang. "Metrics for Action-labelled Quantitative Transition Systems." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 153, no. 2 (2006): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2005.10.033.

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Hendi, Seyed Hossein, Shahram Panahiyan, and Behzad Eslam Panah. "Geometrical Method for Thermal Instability of Nonlinearly Charged BTZ Black Holes." Advances in High Energy Physics 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/743086.

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We consider three-dimensional BTZ black holes with three models of nonlinear electrodynamics as source. Calculating heat capacity, we study the stability and phase transitions of these black holes. We show that Maxwell, logarithmic, and exponential theories yield only type one phase transition which is related to the root(s) of heat capacity, whereas, for correction form of nonlinear electrodynamics, heat capacity contains two roots and one divergence point. Next, we use geometrical approach for studying classical thermodynamical behavior of the system. We show that Weinhold and Ruppeiner metrics fail to provide fruitful results and the consequences of the Quevedo approach are not completely matched to the heat capacity results. Then, we employ a new metric for solving this problem. We show that this approach is successful and all divergencies of its Ricci scalar and phase transition points coincide. We also show that there is no phase transition for uncharged BTZ black holes.

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Pandey, Abhishek, Meagan C. Fitzpatrick, and Alison P. Galvani. "Metrics and benchmarks for HIV transition – Authors' reply." Lancet HIV 6, no. 3 (2019): e150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2352-3018(19)30049-9.

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Larsen, Kim G., Uli Fahrenberg, and Claus Thrane. "Metrics for weighted transition systems: Axiomatization and complexity." Theoretical Computer Science 412, no. 28 (2011): 3358–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2011.04.003.

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Ramalho, Edimar, Max López-Maciel, Mara Madaleno, et al. "Economic, Environmental, and Social Impacts of Renewable Energies: What have We Learned by Now?" E3S Web of Conferences 433 (2023): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343303002.

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Renewable energy is an essential driver of the energy transition towards a more sustainable world. However, sustainability requires the coordination of the economic, environmental, and social dimensions, turning it into a complex objective. The aim of this study is to review the state of the art of the articles that analyze economic, environmental, and social metrics that can be used to evaluate the impact of renewable. In addition, this work also classifies metrics into two main approaches: macro-studies, corresponding to those that evaluate based on global and aggregated impacts, and micro-studies, corresponding to those that focus on regional and local impacts. A systematic literature review was used to identify and define these main metrics, based on common research databases. Seven metrics were found and described for the environmental impact, four for the economic impact and five for the social impact. The main finding revealed that micro-studies are more prevalent in comparison to macro-studies. Moreover, the systematic literature review allows achieving the objective and highlighting the proposed sustainability assessment framework as crucial for gauging and evaluating impact metrics across the economic, social, and environmental dimensions. The difficulty in isolating and measuring each metric may be attributed to the challenges involved in studying the corresponding impact, whether at the micro or macro level. More targeted studies can help in a more efficient energy transition.

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Kouba, Claire, and Thomas Harter. "Seasonal prediction of end-of-dry-season watershed behavior in a highly interconnected alluvial watershed in northern California." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 28, no. 3 (2024): 691–718. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-691-2024.

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Abstract. In undammed watersheds in Mediterranean climates, the timing and abruptness of the transition from the dry season to the wet season have major implications for aquatic ecosystems. Of particular concern in many coastal areas is whether this transition can provide sufficient flows at the right time to allow passage for spawning anadromous fish, which is determined by dry season baseflow rates and the timing of the onset of the rainy season. In (semi-) ephemeral watershed systems, these functional flows also dictate the timing of full reconnection of the stream system. In this study, we propose methods to predict, approximately 5 months in advance, two key hydrologic metrics in the undammed rural Scott River watershed in northern California. The two metrics are intended to characterize (1) the severity of a dry year and (2) the relative timing of the transition from the dry to the wet season. The ability to predict these metrics in advance could support seasonal adaptive management. The first metric is the minimum 30 d dry season baseflow volume, Vmin, which occurs at the end of the dry season (September–October) in this Mediterranean climate. The second metric is the cumulative precipitation, starting 1 September, necessary to bring the watershed to a “full” or “spilling” condition (i.e., initiate the onset of wet season storm- or baseflows) after the end of the dry season, referred to here as Pspill. As potential predictors of these two metrics, we assess maximum snowpack, cumulative precipitation, the timing of the snowpack and precipitation, spring groundwater levels, spring river flows, reference evapotranspiration, and a subset of these metrics from the previous water year. Though many of these predictors are correlated with the two metrics of interest, we find that the best prediction for both metrics is a linear combination of the maximum snowpack water content and total October–April precipitation. These two linear models could reproduce historical values of Vmin and Pspill with an average model error (RMSE) of 1.4 Mm3 per 30 d (19.4 cfs) and 25.4 mm (1 in.), corresponding to 49 % and 37 % of mean observed values, respectively. Although these predictive indices could be used by governance entities to support local water management, careful consideration of baseline conditions used as a basis for prediction is necessary.

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Bentvelzen, Marit, Jasmin Niess, and Paweł W. Woźniak. "Designing Reflective Derived Metrics for Fitness Trackers." Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies 6, no. 4 (2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3569475.

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Personal tracking devices are equipped with more and more sensors and offer an ever-increasing level of accuracy. Yet, this comes at the cost of increased complexity. To deal with that problem, fitness trackers use derived metrics---scores calculated based on sensor data, e.g. a stress score. This means that part of the agency in interpreting health data is transferred from the user to the tracker. In this paper, we investigate the consequences of that transition and study how derived metrics can be designed to offer an optimal personal informatics experience. We conducted an online survey and a series of interviews which examined a health score (a hypothetical derived metric) at three levels of abstraction. We found that the medium abstraction level led to the highest level of reflection. Further, we determined that presenting the metric without contextual information led to decreased transparency and meaning. Our work contributes guidelines for designing effective derived metrics.

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Smith, Abigail, Alexandra Jahn, and Muyin Wang. "Seasonal transition dates can reveal biases in Arctic sea ice simulations." Cryosphere 14, no. 9 (2020): 2977–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2977-2020.

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Abstract. Arctic sea ice experiences a dramatic annual cycle, and seasonal ice loss and growth can be characterized by various metrics: melt onset, breakup, opening, freeze onset, freeze-up, and closing. By evaluating a range of seasonal sea ice metrics, CMIP6 sea ice simulations can be evaluated in more detail than by using traditional metrics alone, such as sea ice area. We show that models capture the observed asymmetry in seasonal sea ice transitions, with spring ice loss taking about 1–2 months longer than fall ice growth. The largest impacts of internal variability are seen in the inflow regions for melt and freeze onset dates, but all metrics show pan-Arctic model spreads exceeding the internal variability range, indicating the contribution of model differences. Through climate model evaluation in the context of both observations and internal variability, we show that biases in seasonal transition dates can compensate for other unrealistic aspects of simulated sea ice. In some models, this leads to September sea ice areas in agreement with observations for the wrong reasons.

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Omowonuola Ireoluwapo Kehinde Olanrewaju, Darlington Eze Ekechukwu, and Peter Simpa. "Driving energy transition through financial innovation: The critical role of Big Data and ESG metrics." Computer Science & IT Research Journal 5, no. 6 (2024): 1434–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i6.1226.

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Driving the transition to sustainable energy is a critical global imperative, and financial innovation plays a pivotal role in accelerating this process. This paper examines the intersection of financial innovation, big data, and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) metrics in advancing the energy transition. By harnessing the power of big data and integrating ESG considerations into investment decisions, financial institutions can drive meaningful change towards a more sustainable energy future. The paper begins by exploring the concept of energy transition, highlighting its importance, drivers, and challenges. It then delves into the role of financial innovation, discussing examples and the opportunities it presents for driving the transition. Subsequently, it examines the significance of big data in understanding energy consumption patterns and optimizing energy efficiency, along with the role of ESG metrics in influencing investment decisions and corporate behavior. The critical role of big data and ESG metrics is emphasized, with a focus on their synergistic potential in driving sustainable investments and informing decision-making processes. Case studies are presented to illustrate successful applications of big data and ESG metrics in the energy sector. Finally, the paper discusses challenges and future directions, including regulatory considerations, technological advancements, and opportunities for collaboration. It concludes by underscoring the importance of continued financial innovation in driving the energy transition and calls for collective action towards a sustainable energy future. Keywords: Energy Transition, Financial Innovation, Big Data, ESG Metrics, Sustainability, Investment Decisions, Sustainable Energy, Renewable Energy, Climate Change

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Sotomayor, Gonzalo, Henrietta Hampel, Raúl F. Vázquez, Christine Van der heyden, Marie Anne Eurie Forio, and Peter L. M. Goethals. "Evaluating Mathematical Concordance Between Taxonomic and Functional Diversity Metrics in Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities." Biology 14, no. 6 (2025): 692. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14060692.

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Understanding the structural concordance between taxonomic and functional diversity (FD) metrics is essential for improving the ecological interpretation of community patterns in biomonitoring programs. This study evaluated the concordance between taxonomic and FD metrics of benthic macroinvertebrates along a fluvial habitat quality gradient in the Paute River Basin, Ecuador. Macroinvertebrate communities were sampled over six years at twelve sampling points and assessed using four taxonomic metrics: Shannon diversity (H), the Margalef index (DMg), family richness (N), and the Andean Biotic Index (ABI). Functional diversity was evaluated using four metrics: weighted functional dendrogram-based diversity (wFDc), Rao’s quadratic entropy (Rao), functional dispersion (FDis), and functional richness (FRic). The fluvial habitat index (FHI) was used as an environmental reference to evaluate diversity metric responses. K-means clustering was independently applied to each metric, and pairwise concordance was quantified using the Measure of Concordance (MoC) and overlap in sampling points groupings across replicates. Most metrics (except FRic and N) showed clear responsiveness to the FHI gradient, confirming their ecological relevance. Strong structural concordance was observed between H and DMg and the FD metrics Rao, FDis, and wFDc, showing that these metrics captured similar yet complementary aspects of community organization. In contrast, ABI showed marked sensitivity to the FHI gradient but low concordance with functional metrics, suggesting distinct dimensions of biological integrity not encompassed by trait-based metrics. These findings highlight the value of combining taxonomic and functional metrics to detect both broad and subtle ecological changes. Integrating metrics with differing structural properties and environmental sensitivities can enhance the robustness of freshwater biomonitoring frameworks, especially in systems undergoing ecological transition or habitat degradation.

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MELNIKOV, V. N. "MULTIDIMENSIONAL COSMOLOGY, CONSTANTS AND TRANSITION TO NEW SI UNITS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 26, no. 22 (2011): 3788–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x11054255.

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Main current problems of physics, gravitation and cosmology in particular are analyzed. Special attention is paid to results of the theory with extra dimensions and variations of fundamental physical constants. As an example the family of spherically symmetric solutions with horizon with multi-component anisotropic fluid is presented. The metrics of solutions are defined on a manifold that contains a product of n-1 Ricci-flat "internal" spaces. A simulation of black brane solutions is considered. For the solution with the fluid matter the post-Newtonian parameters β and γ corresponding to the 4-dimensional section of the metric are found.

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MELNIKOV, V. N. "MULTIDIMENSIONAL COSMOLOGY, CONSTANTS AND TRANSITION TO NEW SI UNITS." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 03 (January 2011): 170–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194511001267.

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Main current problems of physics, gravitation and cosmology in particular are analyzed. Special attention is paid to results of the theory with extra dimensions and variations of fundamental physical constants. As an example the family of spherically symmetric solutions with horizon with multi-component anisotropic fluid is presented. The metrics of solutions are defined on a manifold that contains a product of n - 1 Ricci-flat "internal" spaces. A simulation of black brane solutions is considered. For the solution with the fluid matter the post-Newtonian parameters β and γ corresponding to the 4-dimensional section of the metric are found.

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Yakovyna, Vitalii, and Bohdan Uhrynovskyi. "User-perceived Response Metrics in Android OS for Software Aging Detection." Vìsnik Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Lʹvìvsʹka polìtehnìka". Serìâ Ìnformacìjnì sistemi ta merežì 9 (June 10, 2021): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sisn2021.09.032.

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Mobile systems and devices including Android are vulnerable to the effects of software aging which are manifested in performance degradation during long run-time. It is important to identify efficient system and user interface metrics for detecting and counteracting the software aging effects. The aging metrics used in researches of the Android operating system do not take into account the aging processes in user applications. Therefore, this paper discusses two new graphical user interface metrics that allow to track performance degradation and user applications response time: Frame Draw Time and Janky Frames (dropped or delayed frames). Test framework was implemented to perform stress testing of mobile applications in the Android operating system, to collect system state data during stress test performing and to map obtained raw data into time series. Calculated time series are used for further analysis and study of system and graphical user interface metrics. The considered metrics have been compared to the previously used Android Activity Launch Time metric and RAM usage metrics. Practical results have shown that Frame Draw Time and Janks Frames metrics provide data, which can be useful in most scenarios of mobile application using. Therefore, it is proposed to use the two new metrics in combination with other previously used metrics to detect aging trends in the system state and to study the phenomenon of software aging in general. It is noted that the Frame Draw Time metric value can be mapped to states with determined thresholds for transition between these states. These states and thresholds provide the possibility of developing mathematical models based on Markov chains or forecasting the time to aging-failure using regression methods. The need of further study of the correlations between Frame Draw Time metric, Janky Frames metric and metrics of memory usage by different system processes has been identified. Thus, the expediency of using the proposed metrics in future studies of the aging phenomenon in the Android operating system is substantiated, in particular, the effectiveness of the proposed metrics could be checked for different mobile use cases and for different types of mobile applications.

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Molodtsov, I. N., and D. O. Babaeva. "Elements of thermomechanics of plasticity under complex loading." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 9, no. 2-4 (2015): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67158.

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The problem of the theory of elastic-plastic process is the establishment of criteria for loading and unloading. In this paper, the equations of the process describe the transition from Euclidean metric, normal for the source deviatoric space, to internal metrics, definitely related to the processes of deformations and loadings. This transition allows without additional assumptions to introduce so-called structural parameters characterizing the irreversible behavior of the material and to build a thermomechanics variant, providing a wide range of opportunities to determine all thermodynamic parameters of the model and formulation of the thermodynamic inequalities.

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Fu, Jun. "Quantitative Specification of Semi-algebraic Transition Systems with Metrics." Journal of Information and Computational Science 12, no. 3 (2015): 993–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.12733/jics20105417.

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Wang, Jun, and Jian Zhou. "Phase Transition of Kähler–Einstein Metrics via Moment Maps." Communications in Mathematics and Statistics 6, no. 3 (2018): 389–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40304-018-0153-x.

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Javed, Wajiha, Z. Yousaf, and Zunaira Akhtar. "Thermodynamics and glassy phase transition of regular black holes." Modern Physics Letters A 33, no. 16 (2018): 1850089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773231850089x.

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This paper is aimed to study thermodynamical properties of phase transition for regular charged black holes (BHs). In this context, we have considered two different forms of BH metrics supplemented with exponential and logistic distribution functions and investigated the recent expansion of phase transition through grand canonical ensemble. After exploring the corresponding Ehrenfest’s equation, we found the second-order background of phase transition at critical points. In order to check the critical behavior of regular BHs, we have evaluated some corresponding explicit relations for the critical temperature, pressure and volume and draw certain graphs with constant values of Smarr’s mass. We found that for the BH metric with exponential configuration function, the phase transition curves are divergent near the critical points, while glassy phase transition has been observed for the Ayón–Beato-García–Bronnikov (ABGB) BH in n = 5 dimensions.

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Park, Junseok, Yoonsung Kim, Hee bin Yoo, et al. "Unveiling the Significance of Toddler-Inspired Reward Transition in Goal-Oriented Reinforcement Learning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 1 (2024): 592–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i1.27815.

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Toddlers evolve from free exploration with sparse feedback to exploiting prior experiences for goal-directed learning with denser rewards. Drawing inspiration from this Toddler-Inspired Reward Transition, we set out to explore the implications of varying reward transitions when incorporated into Reinforcement Learning (RL) tasks. Central to our inquiry is the transition from sparse to potential-based dense rewards, which share optimal strategies regardless of reward changes. Through various experiments, including those in egocentric navigation and robotic arm manipulation tasks, we found that proper reward transitions significantly influence sample efficiency and success rates. Of particular note is the efficacy of the toddler-inspired Sparse-to-Dense (S2D) transition. Beyond these performance metrics, using Cross-Density Visualizer technique, we observed that transitions, especially the S2D, smooth the policy loss landscape, promoting wide minima that enhance generalization in RL models.

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GHANEH, T., F. DARABI, and H. MOTAVALLI. "SIGNATURE CHANGE BY GUP." International Journal of Modern Physics D 22, no. 05 (2013): 1350026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271813500260.

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We revisit the issue of continuous signature transition from Euclidean to Lorentzian metrics in a cosmological model described by Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) metric minimally coupled with a self-interacting massive scalar field. Then, using a noncommutative (NC) phase space of dynamical variables deformed by generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), we show that the signature transition occurs even for a model described by the FRW metric minimally coupled with a free massless scalar field accompanied by a cosmological constant. This indicates that the continuous signature transition might have been easily occurred at early universe just by a free massless scalar field, a cosmological constant and a NC phase space deformed by GUP, without resorting to a massive scalar field having an ad hoc complicate potential. We also study the quantum cosmology of the model and obtain a solution of Wheeler–DeWitt (WD) equation which shows a good correspondence with the classical path.

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Richards, S., and B. Feng. "Application of sensitivity analysis in DYMOND/Dakota to fuel cycle transition scenarios." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 7 (2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2021024.

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The ability to perform sensitivity analysis has been enabled for the nuclear fuel cycle simulator DYMOND through its coupling with the design and analysis toolkit Dakota. To test and demonstrate these new capabilities, a transition scenario and multi-parameter study were devised. The transition scenario represents a partial transition from the US nuclear fleet to a closed fuel cycle with small modular LWRs and fast reactors fueled by reprocessed used nuclear fuel. Four uncertain parameters in this transition were studied – start date of reprocessing, total reprocessing capacity, the nuclear energy demand growth, and the rate at which the fast reactors are deployed – with respect to their impact on four response metrics. The responses – total natural uranium consumed, maximum annual enrichment capacity required, total disposed mass, and total cost of the nuclear fuel cycle – were chosen based on measures known to be of interest in transition scenarios [2] and to be significantly impacted by the varying parameters. Analysis of this study was performed both from the direct sampling and through surrogate models developed in Dakota to calculate the global sensitivity measures Sobol’ indices. This example application of this new capability showed that the most consequential parameter to most metrics was the share of new build capacity that is fast reactors. However, for the cost metric, the scaling factor of the energy demand growth was significant and had synergistic behavior with the fast reactor new build share.

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Dawkins, Bryan A., Trang T. Le, and Brett A. McKinney. "Theoretical properties of distance distributions and novel metrics for nearest-neighbor feature selection." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0246761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246761.

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The performance of nearest-neighbor feature selection and prediction methods depends on the metric for computing neighborhoods and the distribution properties of the underlying data. Recent work to improve nearest-neighbor feature selection algorithms has focused on new neighborhood estimation methods and distance metrics. However, little attention has been given to the distributional properties of pairwise distances as a function of the metric or data type. Thus, we derive general analytical expressions for the mean and variance of pairwise distances for Lq metrics for normal and uniform random data with p attributes and m instances. The distribution moment formulas and detailed derivations provide a resource for understanding the distance properties for metrics and data types commonly used with nearest-neighbor methods, and the derivations provide the starting point for the following novel results. We use extreme value theory to derive the mean and variance for metrics that are normalized by the range of each attribute (difference of max and min). We derive analytical formulas for a new metric for genetic variants, which are categorical variables that occur in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The genetic distance distributions account for minor allele frequency and the transition/transversion ratio. We introduce a new metric for resting-state functional MRI data (rs-fMRI) and derive its distance distribution properties. This metric is applicable to correlation-based predictors derived from time-series data. The analytical means and variances are in strong agreement with simulation results. We also use simulations to explore the sensitivity of the expected means and variances in the presence of correlation and interactions in the data. These analytical results and new metrics can be used to inform the optimization of nearest neighbor methods for a broad range of studies, including gene expression, GWAS, and fMRI data.

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Dzhunushaliev, Vladimir, and Vladimir Folomeev. "Spinor field solutions in F(B2) modified Weyl gravity." International Journal of Modern Physics D 29, no. 13 (2020): 2050094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271820500947.

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We consider modified Weyl gravity where a Dirac spinor field is nonminimally coupled to gravity. It is assumed that such modified gravity is some approximation for the description of quantum gravitational effects related to the gravitating spinor field. It is shown that such a theory contains solutions for a class of metrics which are conformally equivalent to the Hopf metric on the Hopf fibration. For this case, we obtain a full discrete spectrum of the solutions and show that they can be related to the Hopf invariant on the Hopf fibration. The expression for the spin operator in the Hopf coordinates is obtained. It is demonstrated that this class of conformally equivalent metrics contains the following: (a) a metric describing a toroidal wormhole without exotic matter; (b) a cosmological solution with a bounce and inflation and (c) a transition with a change in metric signature. A physical discussion of the results is given.

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Adams, David K., Henrique M. J. Barbosa, and Karen Patricia Gaitán De Los Ríos. "A Spatiotemporal Water Vapor–Deep Convection Correlation Metric Derived from the Amazon Dense GNSS Meteorological Network." Monthly Weather Review 145, no. 1 (2017): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-16-0140.1.

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Abstract Deep atmospheric convection, which covers a large range of spatial scales during its evolution, continues to be a challenge for models to replicate, particularly over land in the tropics. Specifically, the shallow-to-deep convective transition and organization on the mesoscale are often not properly represented in coarse-resolution models. High-resolution models offer insights on physical mechanisms responsible for the shallow-to-deep transition. Model verification, however, at both coarse and high resolution requires validation and, hence, observational metrics, which are lacking in the tropics. Here a straightforward metric derived from the Amazon Dense GNSS Meteorological Network (~100 km × 100 km) is presented based on a spatial correlation decay time scale during convective evolution on the mesoscale. For the shallow-to-deep transition, the correlation decay time scale is shown to be around 3.5 h. This novel result provides a much needed metric from the deep tropics for numerical models to replicate.

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Eisenberg, Yochai, Mackenzie Hayes, Amy Hofstra, Delphine Labbé, Robert Gould, and Robin Jones. "Performance Metrics for Implementation of Americans with Disabilities Act Transition Plans." Urban Science 8, no. 2 (2024): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci8020027.

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Safely walking or wheeling in a wheelchair in the community is a civil and human right. Some progress has been made in the US towards making walking/wheeling paths more accessible for people with disabilities through the construction of new curb ramps, fixing sidewalk barriers, and installing accessible pedestrian signals. However, pedestrians with disabilities continue to be limited by infrastructure barriers on sidewalks and streets. To encourage progress and government transparency, we developed a set of performance metrics for local governments to monitor and report their progress in implementing barrier removal plans, called Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) transition plans. We used the five-step Nominal Group Technique to systematically develop and prioritize a set of performance metrics with an expert panel of ADA coordinators, disability organizations, and state and federal Department of Transportation staff. The research resulted in obtaining 53 metrics across five goals and 14 objectives that can be used to measure all phases of implementation and are intended to be customized to fit different community contexts and capacities. The metrics could be used by federal and state transportation agencies, as well as internationally, with some adaptation to ensure that adequate progress in barrier removal is being made. Local governments can use the metrics to document and communicate their progress and effectively reduce ADA compliance litigation concerns.

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Amusu, Mary Iniobong, Ibitoye Akinfolajimi Akinrinlola, and Oluwafunsho Idowu Odesanya. "Analysis and Optimization of IPv4 and IPv6 Transition Technologies." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 3 (2022): 388–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6392274.

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IPv4 has reached the end of its addressable space, necessitating the deployment and execution of IPv6 protocols. Although IPv6 significantly increases addressable space in comparison to IPv4, IPv4 has not been completely phased out due to the difficulty and cost of phasing out the protocol. As such, IPv4 and IPv6 must coexist. As a result, there is a need for research into transition mechanisms that enable standards to communicate with one another. This research examined many research publications, studied transition technologies and their performance in test circumstances, compared technologies using measurement metrics, and made inferences about the selection of transition technologies. Additionally, it discusses several transition mechanisms, their advantages and disadvantages as measured by various metrics, and how these mechanisms might be adjusted.

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Sunkara, Vishwamithra, Wilfred Nobleheart, and Animesh Chakravarthy. "Performance Metrics for Tiltrotor Flight Dynamics During the Transition Regime." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 37, no. 6 (2014): 2039–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.g000310.

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Castiglioni, Valentina, and Simone Tini. "Logical characterization of branching metrics for nondeterministic probabilistic transition systems." Information and Computation 268 (October 2019): 104432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ic.2019.06.001.

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Kaur, Harjot, and Karanjeet Singh Kahlon. "Measuring the complexity of migration transition: an attempt using metrics." Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 32, no. 4 (2019): 623–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0952813x.2019.1654549.

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Galbraith, Lissa, William A. Miller, and S. Suresh. "Identification of metrics and transition functions of pull system implementation." Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems 6, no. 2 (1993): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-5240(93)90007-d.

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Ahamer, Gilbert. "Education for Technology Transition Restructures Energy Systems." International Journal of Technology and Educational Marketing 8, no. 2 (2018): 44–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtem.2018070103.

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Our present world calls for peaceful transitions, given the ruptures in political cultures and the massive global threat of climate change. A transition of the energy system will and must go hand in hand with a socio-political transition. Any design of learning procedures should hence take into account real-world projects, including projects on environment, climate change and energy. This chapter suggests that diverse patterns, lenses and metrics are taken into account when educating. Such an interparadigmatic approach means to focus on multiple perceptions from diverse stakeholders. Learners should be able to bridge different viewpoints by their capacity to integrate diverse values, perspectives, and views. As a concrete case study, the cooperative negotiation game “Surfing Global Change” is used to show how these educational values can be implemented. Further analyses of literature and data on didactics, climate change and economic transitions complement this chapter.

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Chen, Donghua, Runtong Zhang, and Xiaomin Zhu. "Leveraging Shannon Entropy to Validate the Transition between ICD-10 and ICD-11." Entropy 20, no. 10 (2018): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20100769.

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This study aimed to propose a mapping framework with entropy-based metrics for validating the effectiveness of the transition between International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10)-coded datasets and a new context of ICD-11. Firstly, we used tabular lists and mapping tables of ICD-11 to establish the framework. Then, we leveraged Shannon entropy to propose validation methods to evaluate information changes during the transition from the perspectives of single-code, single-disease, and multiple-disease datasets. Novel metrics, namely, standardizing rate (SR), uncertainty rate (UR), and information gain (IG), were proposed for the validation. Finally, validation results from an ICD-10-coded dataset with 377,589 records indicated that the proposed metrics reduced the complexity of transition evaluation. The results with the SR in the transition indicated that approximately 60% of the ICD-10 codes in the dataset were unable to map the codes to standard ICD-10 codes released by WHO. The validation results with the UR provided 86.21% of the precise mapping. Validation results of the IG in the dataset, before and after the transition, indicated that approximately 57% of the records tended to increase uncertainty when mapped from ICD-10 to ICD-11. The new features of ICD-11 involved in the transition can promote a reliable and effective mapping between two coding systems.

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Du, Wenjie, Yuxin Deng, and Daniel Gebler. "Behavioural Pseudometrics for Nondeterministic Probabilistic Systems." Scientific Annals of Computer Science XXXII, no. 2 (2022): 211–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7561/sacs.2022.2.211.

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For the model of probabilistic labelled transition systems that allow for the co-existence of nondeterminism and probabilities, we present two notions of bisimulation metrics: one is state-based and the other is distribution-based. We provide a sound and complete modal characterisation for each of them, using real-valued modal logics based on Hennessy-Milner logic. The logic for characterising the state-based metric is much simpler than an earlier logic proposed by Desharnais et al. as it uses only two non-expansive operators rather than the general class of non-expansive operators. For the kernels of the two metrics, which correspond to two notions of bisimilarity, we give a comprehensive comparison with some typical distribution-based bisimilarities in the literature.

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Klosterman, S. T., K. Hufkens, J. M. Gray, et al. "Evaluating remote sensing of deciduous forest phenology at multiple spatial scales using PhenoCam imagery." Biogeosciences 11, no. 16 (2014): 4305–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4305-2014.

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Abstract. Plant phenology regulates ecosystem services at local and global scales and is a sensitive indicator of global change. Estimates of phenophase transition dates, such as the start of spring or end of fall, can be derived from sensor-based time series, but must be interpreted in terms of biologically relevant events. We use the PhenoCam archive of digital repeat photography to implement a consistent protocol for visual assessment of canopy phenology at 13 temperate deciduous forest sites throughout eastern North America, and to perform digital image analysis for time-series-based estimation of phenophase transition dates. We then compare these results to remote sensing metrics of phenophase transition dates derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensors. We present a new type of curve fit that uses a generalized sigmoid function to estimate phenology dates, and we quantify the statistical uncertainty of phenophase transition dates estimated using this method. Results show that the generalized sigmoid provides estimates of dates with less statistical uncertainty than other curve-fitting methods. Additionally, we find that dates derived from analysis of high-frequency PhenoCam imagery have smaller uncertainties than satellite remote sensing metrics of phenology, and that dates derived from the remotely sensed enhanced vegetation index (EVI) have smaller uncertainty than those derived from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Near-surface time-series estimates for the start of spring are found to closely match estimates derived from visual assessment of leaf-out, as well as satellite remote-sensing-derived estimates of the start of spring. However late spring and fall phenology metrics exhibit larger differences between near-surface and remote scales. Differences in late spring phenology between near-surface and remote scales are found to correlate with a landscape metric of deciduous forest cover. These results quantify the effect of landscape heterogeneity when aggregating to the coarser spatial scales of remote sensing, and demonstrate the importance of accurate curve fitting and vegetation index selection when analyzing and interpreting phenology time series.

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Matayoshi, Jeffrey, and SHAMYA KARUMBAIAH. "Analyzing Transitions in Sequential Data with Marginal Models." Journal of Educational Data Mining (JEDM) 16, no. 1 (2024): 197–232. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12179681.

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Various areas of educational research are interested in the transitions between different states—or events—in sequential data, with the goal of understanding the significance of these transitions; one notable exampleis affect dynamics, which aims to identify important transitions between affective states. Unfortunately,several works have uncovered issues with the metrics and procedures commonly used to analyzethese transitions. As such, our goal in this work is to address these issues by outlining an alternativeprocedure that is based on the use of marginal models. We begin by looking at the specific mechanismsresponsible for a recently discovered statistical bias with several metrics used in sequential data analysis.After giving a theoretical explanation for the issue, we show that the marginal model procedure appearsto adjust for this bias. Next, a related problem is that the common practice of removing transitions torepeated states has been shown to have unintended side-effects—to account for this issue, we developa method for extending the marginal model procedure to this specific type of analysis. Finally, in arecent study evaluating the problem of multiple comparisons and sequential data analysis, the Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) procedure, a commonly used approach to control for false discoveries, did not performas expected. By applying a technique from the biostatistics and epidemiology literature, we show that theperformance of the BH procedure, when used with the marginal model method, can be brought back to itsexpected level. In all of our analyses, we evaluate the proposed method by both running simulations andusing actual student data. The results indicate that the marginal model procedure seemingly compensatesfor the problems observed with other transition metrics, thus resulting in more accurate estimates of theimportance of transitions between states.

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Alpatov, Anatolii Petrovych, and Yurii Mykhailovych Holdshtein. "Methods of Orbit Clustering of Serviced Spacecraft." System technologies 3, no. 122 (2019): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-3-122-2019-11.

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When planning orbital service operations, it is important to rationally divide a set of orbits serviced by a spacecraft into subsets (clusters) of orbits. This article proposes a technique for clustering the orbits of serviced spacecraft in the event of their servicing by a reusable service spacecraft with an electric rocket low thrust engine. The technique is based on the method of K ‑ means. As the distance between any pair of orbits of the serviced spacecraft (metrics) of the method K - means, it was proposed to use the delta-V of the orbital transition between these orbits.In this paper, a technique has been developed for clustering orbits of serviced spacecrafts. The method is based on the method K ‑ means. As a distance between any pair of orbits of the serviced spacecraft orbits (metrics) of the method K ‑ means it is proposed to use the energy metric delta - V of the interorbital transition between these orbits. Using the proposed methodology, a computer program has been developed for clustering the orbits of serviced spacecraft. The results of the test calculations showed the effectiveness of the proposed clustering technique. The technique can be applied when planning orbital service operations.

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Sakar, S., A. Bagheri, S. Rönnberg, and MHJ Bollen. "Susceptibility of LED street lamps to voltage dips." Lighting Research & Technology 52, no. 8 (2020): 1040–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153520917441.

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There is an ongoing transition from high-pressure sodium lamps to LED street lamps that offer higher efficiency, cost saving and better photometric performance. This transition could lead to unintended consequences such as light flicker and extinguishing in street lighting applications when they are exposed to voltage dips. The goal of this paper is to analyse the light intensity variation of various street lamps when they are exposed to voltage dips. Several performance metrics for quantifying immunity of lamps have been proposed. Values for these metrics are obtained by applying artificial voltage dips to lamps. For voltage dips with residual voltage above 38%, lamps are immune in terms of a short-term light flicker metric. For residual voltage above 25%, light intensity reduces but without extinguishing. Compared to an incandescent lamp and high-pressure sodium lamp, LED street lamps exhibit longer zero-light intensity duration. Most of the studied LED street lamps exhibit uncoordinated light intensity drops, i.e. longer or shifted, with respect to the applied voltage dip. Individual characteristics of LED street lamps require testing before installation to prevent unexpected consequences. Recommendations are given for standardisation committees to implement an assessment method for lighting equipment.

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Moacdieh, Nadine Marie, Shannon P. Devlin, Hussein Jundi, and Sara Lu Riggs. "Effects of Workload and Workload Transitions on Attention Allocation in a Dual-Task Environment: Evidence From Eye Tracking Metrics." Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 14, no. 2 (2020): 132–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555343419892184.

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High mental workload, in addition to changes in workload, can negatively affect operators, but it is not clear how sudden versus gradual workload transitions influence performance and visual attention allocation. This knowledge is important as sudden shifts in workload are common in multitasking domains. The objective of this study was to investigate, using performance and eye tracking metrics, how constant versus variable levels of workload affect operators in the context of a dual-task paradigm. An unmanned aerial vehicle command and control simulation varied task load between low, high, gradually transitioning from low to high, and suddenly transitioning from low to high. Performance on a primary and secondary task and several eye tracking measures were calculated. There was no significant difference between sudden and gradual workload transitions in terms of performance or attention allocation overall; however, both sudden and gradual workload transitions changed participants’ strategy in dealing with the primary and secondary task as compared to low/high workload. Also, eye tracking metrics that are not frequently used, such as transition rate and stationary entropy, provided more insight into performance differences. These metrics can potentially be used to better understand operators’ strategies and could form the basis of an adaptive display.

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Yoo, Jaehyun. "Seamless Indoor–Outdoor Localization Through Transition Detection." Electronics 14, no. 13 (2025): 2598. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14132598.

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Indoor localization techniques operate independently of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs), which are primarily designed for outdoor environments. However, integrating indoor and outdoor positioning often leads to inconsistent and delayed location estimates, especially at transition zones such as building entrances. This paper develops a probabilistic transition detection algorithm to identify indoor, outdoor, and transition zones, aiming to enhance the continuity and accuracy of positioning. The algorithm leverages multi-source sensor data, including WiFi Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) RSSI, and GNSS metrics such as carrier-to-noise ratio. During transitions, the system incorporates Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)-based tracking to ensure smooth switching between positioning engines. The outdoor engine utilizes a Kalman Filter (KF) to fuse IMU and GNSS data, while the indoor engine employs fingerprinting techniques using WiFi and BLE. This paper presents experimental results using three distinct devices across three separate buildings, demonstrating superior performance compared to both Google’s Fused Location Provider (FLP) algorithm and a GPS.

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Farley, John U., Scott Hoenig, Donald R. Lehmann, and Hoang Thuy Nguyen. "Marketing Metrics Use in a Transition Economy: The Case of Vietnam." Journal of Global Marketing 21, no. 3 (2008): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08911760802151811.

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Fu, Jixiang, Shing-Tung Yau, and Wubin Zhou. "Complete cscK Metrics on the Local Models of the Conifold Transition." Communications in Mathematical Physics 335, no. 3 (2015): 1215–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00220-015-2337-5.

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Ghys, Peter D., Brian G. Williams, Mead Over, Timothy B. Hallett, and Peter Godfrey-Faussett. "Epidemiological metrics and benchmarks for a transition in the HIV epidemic." PLOS Medicine 15, no. 10 (2018): e1002678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002678.

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Ebadi Jalal, Mona, and Adel Elmaghraby. "Analyzing the Dynamics of Customer Behavior: A New Perspective on Personalized Marketing through Counterfactual Analysis." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 19, no. 3 (2024): 1660–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer19030081.

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The existing body of research on dynamic customer segmentation has primarily focused on segment-level customer purchasing behavior (CPB) analysis to tailor marketing strategies for distinct customer groups. However, these approaches often lack the granularity required for personalized marketing at the individual level. Moreover, the analysis of customer transitions between different groups has largely been overlooked. This study addresses these gaps by developing an efficient framework that enables businesses to forecast customer behavior, assess the impact of various strategies on each customer separately, and analyze customer transition between segments. This can facilitate providing personalized marketing strategies, fostering a gradual transition toward a desired customer status, and enhancing the overall marketing precision. In this study, we employ time series feature vectors encompassing recency, frequency, monetary value, and lifespan, applying the K-means algorithm with a range of distance metrics for customer segmentation along with classification algorithms to predict customer behavior. Leveraging counterfactual analysis, we establish a solution for analyzing customer transitions between groups and evaluating personalized marketing strategies. Our findings underscore the superior performance of the Euclidean distance metric, closely followed by the Manhattan distance, in distinguishing the patterns in time series customer behavior, with logistic regression excelling in predicting customer status. This study enables decision-makers to forecast the impact of diverse marketing strategies on customer behavior which facilitates customer retention and engagement through well-informed decisions.

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