Academic literature on the topic 'Transitional shelter'

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Journal articles on the topic "Transitional shelter"

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Vaccari, Mirian Sayuri, David Sanderson, Martin Loosemore, and Mohammad Mojtahedi. "Fit for purpose? Lessons from transitional shelter provision for internally displaced persons in urban informal settlements in Brazil." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 29, no. 6 (October 19, 2020): 943–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-01-2020-0016.

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges of transitional shelter provision for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in urban informal settlements. While there has been considerable research on postdisaster transitional shelters, less is known on shelters for IDPs in urban informal settlements.Design/methodology/approachA case study is presented based on field research at the communities in Olaria and City in São Paulo, Brazil. Collection of data included personal communication with the dwellers, surveys and interviews with representatives from Techo, one of the few organizations that provide transitional shelters for IDPs. A review of documents regarding the construction, design and users' adaptation of transitional shelter was also undertaken. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis.FindingsThe study found that Techo's program impacts positively on the nonphysical aspects of shelter, such as physical and mental health, security, household responsibilities and community participation. However, Techo's transitional shelter for IDPs in urban informal settlements and most postdisaster transitional shelters share similar problems. These programs respond to the needs of a small proportion of the affected populations with shelters of minimum quality and low durability.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is limited to a single case study of the NGO Techo and further case study research is recommended to further develop and validate the study results in other urban development contexts.Originality/valueThis research contributes to describing and understanding the context and the provision of transitional shelters to IDPs in urban informal settlements and impacts in the community. With increasing numbers of IDPs settling in urban informal settlements in many parts of the world, this paper is valuable to policymakers, NGOs and researchers operating in this field to facilitate community development.
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Meni, David. "Washington DC’s Transitional Housing Plan: An Analysis of Externalities and Sources of Neighborhood Opposition." Policy Perspectives 24 (May 4, 2017): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v24i0.17605.

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In 2016, DC Mayor Muriel Bowser’s administration unveiled a plan to close the DC General homeless shelter and replace it with eight smaller sites throughout the city. Almost immediately, some residents located near the proposed shelter sites expressed disapproval, citing concerns over safety and decreasing property values. We can interpret such reservations as perceived negative externalities of shelters. This paper first takes those claims at face value and finds mixed evidence of whether the proposed DC shelters would produce negative externalities for neighborhoods. The paper then explores other economic rationale for neighborhood opposition to the plan—risk-averse behavior on the part of homeowners. The paper concludes with a proposal for home equity insurance that could potentially balance homeowners’ risk aversion and vested interests in neighborhood outcomes.
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Yu, Van. "Shelter and Transitional Housing for Transgender Youth." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health 14, no. 4 (September 29, 2010): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2010.504476.

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Shih, Rowell Ray, and Danilo Ravina. "Ocho Balay: Design of a permanent typhoon shelter for the rural areas in the Philippines." Pollack Periodica 15, no. 2 (August 2020): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/606.2020.15.2.20.

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Abstract:In 2013 Typhoon Haiyan, devastated several portions of the Philippines, which resulted in more than 7,000 deaths and thousands made homeless. The aim of this study is to propose a design of a permanent shelter as a continuation of the I-Siguro Daan Transitional Shelter, which was successfully deployed in 2014 and produce a transitional shelter prototype, for the victims of typhoon Haiyan. In order to develop the methodological design of the Permanent Shelter, the author presented several factors into consideration: the understanding how the rural communities use the present I-Siguro Daan Transitional Shelter; to further develop and improve the interior space of the shelter; to propose a better roof design; and to design a sustainable toilet and kitchen area for the users. Methodologies used in the study were the use of surveys and interactions with the community, which focuses on gaining the understanding how the communities use the present I-Siguro Daan Transitional Shelter. By exploring related case studies and literatures, site surveys and consultations with different groups, the resulting Permanent Shelter will a promising solution for improving the lives of the communities while also providing groundwork for future shelter related studies.
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Hui Ling, Philip Chie, Cher Siang Tan, and Anis Saggaff. "Feasibility of ISO shipping container as transitional shelter-a review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 620 (November 19, 2019): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/620/1/012056.

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Leon, Esteban, Ilan Kelman, James Kennedy, and Joseph Ashmore. "CAPACITY BUILDING LESSONS FROM A DECADE OF TRANSITIONAL SETTLEMENT AND SHELTER." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2009): 247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-715x.2009.13.247-265.

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This paper examines 23 recent case studies of post‐disaster settlement and shelter across Africa, Asia, and Latin America to provide examples of implementing transitional settlement and shelter as a process and how to build more capacity for such programmes. The case studies are examined by using a four‐part framework: (i) Safety, security, and livelihoods; (ii) the question “Transition to what?” in order to understand better how to connect post‐disaster programmes to permanent communities and housing; (iii) fairness and equity; and (iv) connecting relief and development, which also explores root causes of vulnerability. The main lessons identify six specific activities that should be highlighted for capacity building in transitional settlement and shelter: site selection, good governance, participatory and consultative processes, land ownership, logistics, and monitoring and evaluation. Santruka Šiame darbe analizuojami 23 neseniai atliktu nelaimes ištiktu žmoniu apgyvendinimo ir prieglaudu jiems suteikimo Afrikoje, Azijoje ir Lotynu Amerikoje tyrimu rezultatai, pateikiami efektyvaus aprūpinimo laikinosiomis gyvenamosiomis vietomis ir prieglaudomis programu igyvendinimo pavyzdžiai, patariama, kaip didinti šiu programu potenciala. Tyrimu rezultatai nagrinejami remiantis keturiu daliu struktūra: 1) saugumas, apsauga ir pragyvenimo šaltinis; 2) klausimas “Jei laikinas, tai kas po to?”, siekis ištikus nelaimei vykdomas apgyvendinimo programas susieti su pastoviomis bendruomenemis ir nuolatiniu būstu; 3) teisingumas ir lygybe; 4) paramos ir pletros sasaja, pagrindines pažeidžiamumo priežastys. Išskiriamos šešios konkrečios veiklos rūšys, kurias reiketu akcentuoti didinat aprūpinimo laikinosiomis gyvenamosiomis vietomis ir prieglaudu suteikimo potenciala: vietos parinkimas, geras valdymas, dalyvavimo ir konsultavimo procesai, žemes nuosavybe, logistika, stebejimas bei vertinimas.
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Subasinghe, Chamila. "Is My House My Home? An Analysis of “Nowhereness” Among “Noknowers” in Transitional Settings." Space and Culture 22, no. 4 (April 10, 2018): 509–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1206331218767063.

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This study investigates the concept of home versus house among people who have been forcibly evicted from their long-term homes and are living in transitional settings due to the conflict in northeastern Sri Lanka. The discourse is built on two common notions related to liminalities of internally displaced people’s (IDP’s) transitional setting: “nowhereness” and “noknowers.” The study examines the causes and consequences of IDP’s perceived “nowhereness” in an unfamiliar physical setting, which in turn makes them “noknowers” in an unsupportive social setting. Transcripts from in-depth, open-ended interviews with IDPs are interpolated and categorized to distil themes among core meanings attached to the home. Though these IDPs were originally interviewed to ascertain their sense of home in the transitional shelter, many interviewees ended up focusing on nostalgic memories of their lost homes. The transitional shelter is not a home, but rather an indefinite process of making a home from sociocultural residues.
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Faure Walker, Joanna, and Catherine Anna Crawford. "Cash in a housing context: Transitional shelter and recovery in Japan." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 24 (September 2017): 216–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.05.018.

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Halton, Diane C. "Managing Health Problems among Homeless Women with Children in a Transitional Shelter." Image: the Journal of Nursing Scholarship 29, no. 1 (March 1997): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1997.tb01137.x.

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Wallace, Bruce, Bernadette Pauly, Kathleen Perkin, and Mike Ranfft. "Shifting the evaluative gaze: Community-based program evaluation in the homeless sector." Gateways: International Journal of Community Research and Engagement 8, no. 1 (September 3, 2015): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ijcre.v8i1.3936.

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Homelessness is a growing social issue that is a consequence of structural inequities and contributor to the development of health inequities. Community-based research (CBR) has been proposed as an effective research strategy for addressing health equities and promoting social justice through participatory processes. The purpose of this article is to examine the application of CBR principles and practices in the homeless sector and the implications for the production of knowledge and social change to address homelessness. Drawing on our experiences as researchers and service providers, we reflect on the significant successes and challenges associated with using CBR in the homelessness sector. In our discussion we emphasise insights, challenges and lessons learned from a community-university partnership that focused on an evaluation of a transitional shelter program in a large urban centre where housing is expensive and often unavailable.Keywords: Homelessness, housing, transitional housing, transitional shelter, program evaluation, community-based research
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transitional shelter"

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Baradaranfallahkhair, Naseem. "Transitional Shelter for Displaced people." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1416863916.

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Johanson, Kendra A. "Crossroads Center, Homeless Mission and Transitional Shelter." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50584.

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My thesis is an exploration of sacred space in architecture. The vehicle for this exploration is a homeless mission and transitional shelter in Alexandria, Virginia. Homelessness is a constant battle for both individuals and communities, precipitating disjointed and fragmented lives. I hoped to design a dignified urban dwelling where man is able to remember who he is, his purpose, and his direction, while also participating in healthy and fruitful community.
Master of Architecture
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Sackett, William James. "An assessment of Lifeline, a transitional shelter for women and their children." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2239.

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This study was an outcome assessment of how well "Lifeline", a transitional shelter for women and their children, has been fulfilling its stated mission. It was also a program evaluation in terms of learning what former residents of Lifeline think about the quality and the importance of Lifeline's program.
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Landon, Sara Grace. "The development of a transitional shelter program for homeless women| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1587907.

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Homeless women have unique gendered needs that require additional resources such as supportive services programming in the Los Angeles area. Research reflects the high rates of physical and sexual trauma experienced by homeless women often leading to severe mental illness or substance abuse dependency. The purpose of this grant writing project was to seek funding for a transitional shelter program as an extended residential component to the Downtown Women's Center's (DWC) programming to be requested from the Ahmanson Foundation. The DWC offers daytime drop in services and permanent housing for homeless women in Los Angeles. The mission of the proposed transitional shelter program is to serve, educate, and prepare homeless women as they transition from homelessness to housing. The actual submission and/or funding of the grant was not required for the successful completion of this project.

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Kučerová, Petra. "Mobilní stavby pro nouzové bydlení." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233275.

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The aim of the dissertation is to present the issue of post-catastrophic reconstruction of and and dwellings with focus on temporary forms of housing. Given the complexity of the topic, various aspects are presented, from mobile houses, the basics of environmentalism and foreign aid through temporary post-catastrophic dwellings and constructions to assessment databases of temporary post-catastrophic constructions. Observation is focused mainly on constructions and shelters built shortly after the catastrophe. Based on the study of manuals, directives, post-catastrophic reports and analyses of constructions for emergency situations, a hypothesis was created that determines the factors for the success of mobile houses in post-catastrophic conditions. The crucial factors are: transportability, efficiency, versatility, adaptability to the place of catastrophe and development in time. The hypothesis was verified on a sample of 17 selected mobile houses and on student´s works. The contribution of this dissertation is global evaluation of the issue of post-catastrophic reconstruction from several points of view, formulation of three areas of current mobile and basic types of transitional shelters, the description of post-disaster reconstruction of land and dwellings.
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Balyejjusa, Moses. "Transition of asylum seekers from shelters to independent living." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40836.

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There is an ongoing argument that the settlement services provided to asylum seekers in Canada are inadequate. However, the contribution of these services in general and that of shelter services has not been researched. This study sought to examine the contribution of emergency and temporary shelter services to the independent living of asylum seekers in Montreal. Using a qualitative approach, data was generated from 10 participants (service providers and former service users) of Montreal shelter. The major contribution of the Montreal shelter services was the development of social networks which former residents used to access employment and housing. Although the services contributed to the independent living of former residents such as accessing permanent housing, employment etc other external factors impeded their successful settlement in Montreal. The most important factor was employment related discrimination in the job market based on language ability, foreign academic qualifications and work experience.
Les services d’intégration inadéquats offerts aux réfugiés demandant le droit d’exil suscitent un perpétuel débat. Toutefois, peu de recherches ont été effectuées sur la contribution de ces services en général et sur les services d’hébergement.Cette étude vise à examiner la façon dont contribuent les services d’urgence et temporaires offerts par les centres d’hébergement à l’autonomie des demandeurs d’asiles à Montréal. Une approche qualitative a été utilisée pour recueillir les données provenant de dix participants qui étaient soit des fournisseurs de services, soit des anciens usagers des maisons d’hébergement de Montréal. La principale contribution des services d’hébergement de Montréal a été le développement du réseau social qui facilite, pour les bénéficiaires des services, l’accès à l’emploi et à l’hébergement. Même si les services ont contribué à l’autonomie d’anciens résidents en les aidant à se trouver un hébergement permanent, un travail, etc., des facteurs externes ont contré la réussite de l’intégration à Montréal. Pendant la recherche d’emploi, le facteur le plus marquant a été la discrimination liée au niveau de langue, à la reconnaissance de la scolarité étrangère et à l’expérience de travail.
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Mayer, Linda. "House rules the role of structure in women's transitional housing /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.50Mb, 117 p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1428254.

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Praechter, Breanna. "Transitions: Bridging the Gap between Emergency Shelters and Permanent Solutions in Disaster Reconstruction." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1397476621.

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Lee, Weifeng Victoria. "Picking up the pieces : transitional shelters for disaster relief in the northern mountainous regions of Pakistan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62979.

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Thesis (S.B. in Art and Design)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2006.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-121).
This thesis seeks to tackle a complex problem - disaster housing relief - from the angle of architecture design discipline and attempts to find a logical approach to solve such a problem via an in depth examination of a specific topic - transitional shelter. The project addresses three main issues in the field of shelter design: 1) the need of transitional shelters in a particular disaster situation (the October 8, 2005 Pakistan earthquake), 2) the design criteria for the shelters in this specific setting and a systematic way of evaluating shelter designs, and 3) a specific transitional shelter design that is produced using the established methodology.
by Weifeng Victoria Lee.
S.B.in Art and Design
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Kwon, Choul Woong. "Transitional spaces : the role of sheltered semi-outdoor spaces as microclimatic modifiers for school buildings in the UK." Thesis, Open University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.552794.

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This research project was undertaken to achieve a better understanding of the microclimatic characteristics of the outdoor and indoor environments of school buildings in the UK through the mediation of transitional spaces. Improvements in thermal comfort outdoors around buildings and reductions in energy demand for indoor spaces are two possible contributions of transitional outdoor spaces located adjacent to classrooms or other indoor spaces. The effects of these two functions must be considered jointly so that improved performance in one does not compromise performance of the other. The underlying hypothesis is that the transitional outdoor space can affect environmental conditions in ways that can enhance both the outdoor thermal comfort of occupants and their appreciation of the space and have the potential to reduce the energy demand (e.g. for lighting and space heating) of the building. Moreover, while interest in outdoor pedagogy has been growing in schools, outdoor spaces are rarely equipped to provide for such activity. The microclimate of the transitional outdoor space as an architecturally potential space is therefore central to the ways in which teachers and students can be encouraged to use the space frequently as an extended classroom without adversely affecting the indoor environment. The project focuses on the architectural elements of the transitional outdoor space and aims to reveal its environmental impact on both the outdoor and indoor spaces, and to propose design considerations. Transitional spaces are considered mainly as taking the form of a canopy. Understanding the dynamic environmental processes impinging on these spaces will assist in designing spaces that can support functional use throughout the year. Fieldwork conducted at Effra Nursery School, London focused on the environmental performance of an outdoor canopy and play area adjacent to the classroom. Based on the results of the fieldwork and using well established computer models, simulations were performed to identify the influence of different parameters: that of having a canopy; the effect of the transmissivity of the canopy material (three transparencies 0%, 50%, 90% were considered), the operability of the canopy, orientation (four orientations N,E,S,W were considered), and location (three cities: London, Manchester, Glasgow). The combined effects of canopy transparency and orientation were shown to be critical design considerations in affecting comfort conditions in both indoor and outdoor spaces. The exception was when the canopy was not fixed but operable. It was found that outdoor comfort conditions in the transitional outdoor space can be enhanced by 13.8% by choosing a canopy of 0% transparency compared with a reference case without a canopy, while it could be enhanced by 27.8% using a movable type of canopy in the case of a south facing classroom in London. Daylight and heating energy demand, however, can worsen by 40% and 50% respectively with a fixed canopy, while they could improve by between 23% and 45% using the movable canopy. The fixed canopy with a higher transparency can help to increase outdoor thermal comfort in Glasgow, while one with a lower transparency shows better performance if facinq south in London. The work clearly demonstrates that the architectural design of the transitional space plays an important part in the resulting environmental conditions indoors and outdoors. Using established simulation tools in new ways this research project has quantified the combined effects of external canopies on occupant thermal comfort and on classroom energy demand for space heating and lighting. These have been documented for different canopy characteristics and different UK locations thus providing design guidelines for the provision of such transitional space in school buildings.
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Books on the topic "Transitional shelter"

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I, Smith Denise, and U. S. Census Bureau, eds. Emergency and transitional shelter population, 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, 2001.

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Smith, Annetta C. Emergency and transitional shelter population, 2000. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, U.S. Census Bureau, 2001.

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Renee, Steinhagen, and Community Service Society of New York. Dept. of Research, Policy, and Program Development., eds. Alternatives to the welfare hotel: Using emergency assistance to provide decent transitional shelter for homeless families. New York, NY: Community Service Society of New York, 1987.

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Marsh, Clifton E. Harford County, Maryland, homeless and shelter survey: Housing and shelter in a community in transition. Lanham: University Press of America, 1996.

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United Way of the Lower Mainland. Social Planning and Research Dept. and Canada. Health and Welfare Canada., eds. Transition house: How to establish a refuge for battered women. [Ottawa, Ont.]: National Clearinghouse on Family Violence, Social Service Programs Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, 1989.

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MacLeod, Flora. Transition house: How to establish a refuge for battered women. [Ottawa?]: The National Clearinghouse on Family Violence, Social Service Programs Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, 1989.

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Frank, Sharlene. A needs assessment for an aboriginal women's transition house. Edited by FREDA and Laichwiltach Family Life Society. Vancouver: Feminist Research, Education, Development & Action Centre, 1996.

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Stulen, Richard H. Desorption Induced by Electronic Transitions DIET III: Proceedings of the Third International Workshop, Shelter Island, New York, May 20-22, 1987. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988.

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The Veterans Transitional Housing Opportunities Act of 1997: Field hearing before the Subcommittee on Benefits of the Committee on Veterans' Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session, hearing held in Buffalo, NY, December 18, 1997. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1998.

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Breda, Maria Antonietta, 1960- editor, contributor and Federazione nazionale cavità artificiali, eds. Luoghi e architetture della transizione: 1919-1939 : i sistemi difensivi di confine e la protezione antiaerea nelle città : storia, conservazione, riuso = Sites and architectural structures of the transition period : 1919-1939 : border defense system and air raid protection in the cities : history, conservation, reuse. Oxford, England: Archaeopress, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transitional shelter"

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Prinz, Gary S., and Alain Nussbaumer. "On Fast Transition Between Shelters and Housing After Natural Disasters in Developing Regions." In Technologies for Sustainable Development, 225–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00639-0_19.

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"Transitional Shelter." In Learning from Megadisasters: Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake, edited by Federica Ranghieri and Mikio Ishiwatari, 193–202. The World Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0153-2_ch22.

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Luhrmann, T. M. "The Culture of the Institutional Circuit in the United States." In Our Most Troubling Madness. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520291089.003.0011.

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To many people in society who struggle with schizophrenia, the mental health system in the United States delivers care that is disgraceful. This is not, it should be said, the care that the health system in some sense ‘intends’ to deliver. Yet care-as-usual has become an “institutional circuit” of prison, shelter, hospital, and transitional housing which is notable mostly for the degree to which people opt out of services. This chapter describes the institutional circuit and the culture that develops on the street, in which to assert that one is “crazy” is seen as asserting weakness and vulnerability in a difficult world—and so many people chose to reject care associated with psychiatric illness.
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Lea, F. A. "Transition." In Shelley and the Romantic Revolution, 47–61. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315627397-3.

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Ahn, Hyeon Hyo. ""Global Capitalism" and the Transition in South Korean Housing Finance." In Seeking Shelter on the Pacific Rim, 254–74. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315499734-12.

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Favors, Jelani M. "Race Women." In Shelter in a Time of Storm, 70–100. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469648330.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the fascinating history of Bennett College – one of only two single sex colleges dedicated to educating African American women. Although Bennett would not make that transition until 1926, the institution played a vital role in educating African American women in Greensboro, North Carolina from the betrayal of the Nadir to the promises of a New Negro Era. The latter period witnessed Bennett, under the leadership of David Dallas Jones, mold scores of young girls into politically conscious race women who were encouraged to resist Jim Crow policies and reject the false principals of white supremacy. Their politicization led to a massive boycott of a theatre in downtown Greensboro and helped to set the tone for Greensboro’s evolution into a critical launching point for the modern civil rights movement.
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Abernathy, Dixie Friend, and Amy Wooten Thornburg. "The K-12 Teacher's Perspective on Teaching and Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic." In Handbook of Research on Lessons Learned From Transitioning to Virtual Classrooms During a Pandemic, 1–15. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6557-5.ch001.

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In the spring of 2020, during the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, the nation's schools closed. Students were told to shelter in place at their homes and classroom teachers were charged with the challenge of educating over 50,000,000 K-12 students through online and virtual modalities. As this transition began in its early stages and then lingered for the remainder of the school year, attention and even scrutiny soon descended upon the actual preparation of teachers in executing such a transition, and the realistic success of doing so. Teachers began the new and unexpected process of teaching their students from home, and students, along with family support, began the practice of learning remotely. During this same time period, researchers were approved to conduct research focused exclusively on this educational phenomenon. One of the themes of this research was the K-12 teachers' perceptions on the teacher readiness and the overall effectiveness of this sudden switch to K-12 online teaching and learning.
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Cook, Nigel B. "Developments in housing of cattle to promote health and welfare." In Understanding the behaviour and improving the welfare of dairy cattle, 143–62. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2020.0084.08.

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While housing systems have served to provide shelter and protection from predation, they have also been associated with negative effects on cow health and welfare. Efforts in the dairy sector have had significant impact on transition cow housing, feeding and resting behaviors, and protection from climate extremes. While consumers of dairy products continue to demand that cows graze pasture, cows appear to value the benefits of housing. Well-designed freestall housing, with comfortable deep bedded stalls, sized to the animals using them, in pens that promote feed access for all of the cows to eat simultaneously, within barns designed to protect the cows from extremes of climate, have proven that we can house cattle successfully. The cow continues to live within a complex hierarchical social system within these buildings, and it is incumbent on our designs to allow cows to exhibit a wide range of natural behaviors to enhance their well-being.
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Bradley, Richard. "Houses, bodies and tombs." In Going Over: The Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition in North-West Europe. British Academy, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264140.003.0018.

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The house is among the features that are supposed to characterize early farming. Its presence implies sedentism, while its absence suggests a mobile pattern of settlement. That idea raises many problems. What applies to individual houses also applies to settlements. British archaeologists have been frustrated by their inability to locate what they had expected to find. If people were growing crops and raising livestock, then surely they must have occupied more substantial shelters than mobile hunter-gatherers, and their living sites ought to be easier to identify. That has been difficult to demonstrate, with the result that at different times a wide variety of earthwork enclosures have been claimed as permanent settlements; ditches and pits have been recruited as subterranean dwellings; and even mortuary monuments have been assigned to the living rather than the dead. This chapter argues that the survival of houses has been given an importance that it cannot support. It suggests that the reason why the field evidence poses so many problems is because the histories of the buildings in which people had lived were reflected by the ways in which their bodies were treated when they died.
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Ray, Keith, and Julian Thomas. "4000 BCE: a cultural threshold." In Neolithic Britain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823896.003.0010.

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The archaeological evidence that has accumulated over the past five decades demonstrates that two very different situations existed successively in Britain in the centuries on either side of 4000 BCE. While this is in some ways an arbitrary date, it is nonetheless a convenient one, since there are very few indications that ‘Neolithic’ artefacts and structures existed in Britain for long before the turn of the fourth millennium. Up until 4000 BCE (or perhaps a century or two earlier), the mainland and islands were populated by people who were heavily dependent upon hunting and gathering; afterwards the population lived a way of life that to a greater or lesser extent relied on herding and cultivating. Further, whereas the technology of the hunting societies had been skilfully made but was highly portable, more durable artefacts and architecture now proliferated, creating a much denser world of crafted things. However, the available evidence can be cast in a number of different ways, with the material before and after the critical date being capable of sustaining either maximal or minimal interpretations. As a consequence, the ways in which the character and degree of change across the threshold can be understood are also multiple and varied. As we saw in Chapter 1, the archaeologists of the 1920s to 1960s emphasized the contrast between the Mesolithic and the Neolithic. Before the ‘transition’ between the two, Britain was home to a sparse population of hunter-foragers who followed game (including deer, wild pig, and wild cattle) and collected plants, nuts, and berries, and, for those near the sea, exploited marine resources. They had few, often simple artefacts, although it was acknowledged that significant skill was invested in some of them. They lived in informal campsites composed of rudimentary shelters while pursuing a transient way of life. Afterwards, in contrast, there were settled agriculturalists living in stable communities, in well-built houses, enjoying a mixed farming subsistence base. They were capable of building barrows and tombs for their dead, which may have demonstrated their incorporation into a widespread megalithic cult. The dichotomy between these two ways of life demanded that some fundamental change must have separated them, of whatever kind.
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Conference papers on the topic "Transitional shelter"

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Sleeper, Manya, Tara Matthews, Kathleen O'Leary, Anna Turner, Jill Palzkill Woelfer, Martin Shelton, Andrew Oplinger, Andreas Schou, and Sunny Consolvo. "Tough Times at Transitional Homeless Shelters." In CHI '19: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300319.

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Peng, Li, Wu-nian Yang, Pei-fen Pan, Zhi-gang Li, and Guo-chao Hu. "Applying remote sensing and spacial analysis technology to locating transitional shelters in earthquake areas." In 2010 2nd International Conference on Information Science and Engineering (ICISE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2010.5691926.

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3

Peters, Onno A. J., and René H. M. Huijsmans. "Reducing Relative Horizontal Motion Between Cargo and HTV During Offshore Loading and Discharge." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61311.

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In Heavy Marine Transport it is common practice to dry-transport large and heavy floating offshore structures. In general, loading and discharge of these floating cargoes on- and from heavy transport vessels is done at sheltered locations like harbors where sea-state and swell conditions are insignificant. Often these locations are at large distance from operating fields of the offshore structures, which means that the structures need to be towed from- or to these fields. To save time and costs, it is beneficial to perform the loading and discharge operations in the field. This necessitates a reconsideration of the maximum allowable wave condition such as to perform the loading- and discharge operations within specified time frame whilst ensuring safety of crew, cargo and heavy transport vessel. Since precise positioning of the cargo on the HTV cribbing beams is of importance to support the cargo on its structural strong points, the allowed relative horizontal motion during loading or discharge operations is limited to a fraction of the width of these cribbing beams. When increasing the maximum allowable wave conditions, relative horizontal motions between heavy transport vessel and cargo easily exceed these limits if only the standard handling equipment is used. Also, the loads in the handling equipment may exceed safe limits. This paper presents two methods including complementary equipment to reduce- and limit the relative horizontal motions. The first method is based on increasing the stiffness of the connection between cargo and heavy transport vessel. This means that there is a transition from a soft (standard handling) system with a low natural frequency to a stiff (clamping) system with high natural frequency. During this transition the system natural frequency will coincide with the wave frequent excitation force. Resonant behavior during the transition is avoided as the complementary equipment also employs a damping force. The second method is based on a closed-loop controller applied to the desired relative horizontal position. The resulting desired load to control the relative horizontal motion is then allocated to several line tension actuators. Contradictory to well-known Dynamic Positioning systems which control low frequent motions, motion control during offshore loading and discharge is performed on wave frequent behavior. This implies that the line tension actuators also need to deliver loads within a wave frequent time-frame. In fact, the peak tension needs to be obtained within a quarter of a wave period. System design and simulation results are presented. Depending on the cargo type, different solutions and operational aspects are discussed. Simulations are done for a typical cargo where both methods to reduce the relative horizontal motions are utilized.
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Huang, Zhijun, Kai Miao, Xiudi Cao, and Yutao Wang. "Experimental Study on High Performance Welding Materials for Pipeline Steels." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0611.

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West-to-East Natural Gas Transmission Project is in great need of high quality steels of API grade X70 and suitable high quality welding materials. The weld of pipe should have high strength, high toughness and low sulphur and arsenic contents (less than or equal to 0.005 wt % respectively). The work performed in WISCO concerning welding wires of SAW, GMAW and SMAW and weldability of pipe steel is reported in this article. Steel grade X70 is a TMCP high strength and high toughness steel with low carbon equivalent. It has good weldability and is less susceptible to cold cracking in the heat-affected zone. Generally in order for weld to gain the same strength as the base metal, more alloying elements should be added into the weld. Therefore, it is likely that the weld is expected to be more susceptible to cold cracking. The mechanism of strengthening and toughening of the weld should be carefully investigated. WISCO has made great progress in both property improvement and manufacturing of welding materials. Through the addition of alloying elements, the influences of some alloying elements on the strength and toughness of welds, especially on the low temperature toughness were carried out. The results show that the upper shelves of the Charpy V transition curves for the weld metals remain high despite the different alloying elements. However, the influence of alloying degree on the low-temperature toughness is significant. The weld metals micro-alloyed with Ti,B and Ni, etc. have high acicular ferrite volume fractions in the metallographs, thereby possessing high strengths and high toughness. For SAW weld, the strength is more than 590MPa, the Charpy impact energy at −40°C above 180J; for the weld of gas metal arc welding, the Charpy impact energy at −30°C reaches 190J which are far better than some current specifications. If the welding is performed with caution, no cracks were found. HIC and SSCC test for corrosion resistance of the welds were also performed and the results fully met the requirements concerned. With respect to strength and toughness, chemistry and metallography, the HIC performance of welds was analysed.
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