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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transitional society'
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Chow, Lo-sai Pauline. "The implications of the transitional society for teachers." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38626032.
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Chow, Lo-sai Pauline, and 周蘿茜. "The implications of the transitional society for teachers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38626032.
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Siriyuvasak, Ubonrat. "Radio in a transitional society: the case of modern Thailand." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/4228.
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The thesis, Radio in a Transitional Society: The Case of Modern Thailand, is an exploratory study of radio in its total context. In arguing that it is the structure and process of the system of production, distribution and consumption of the media that reproduce social stratification and political legitimation we undertake four major areas of investigation; the structure of ownership and control of the Thai radio system which basically constrained the range and formats of output in this arena, the dynamics of the media institutions and cultural industries within which entrepreneurs and professionals struggle to achieve organisation goals and their 'relative autonomy', the forms of representation - the 'serious genres' of news and current affairs and official commentaries and religious programmes, and the 'popular genres' of drama and music - through which ideological reproduction and contestation are played out, and lastly the active audience whom the state and the cultural industries must constantly negotiate for social integration and to fulfil their commercial goals. The study shows that the role of radio in cultural and social reproduction is highly complicated and contentious. Without examining the total system in relation to the dynamics of the economy in general and the power hierarchy we would either fall into the reductionist camp or trap in the simplistic connection between control of material and mental production argued by proponents of the dominant ideology thesis. On the contrary, we have demonstrated that disruption is possible and the transmission of any 'preferred meaning' must be negotiated. Although the notions of progress and salvation are predominant in the official programmes contestations from popular entertainment are manifested in presenting sensual pleasure as desirable whilst secularisation emerges. Nonetheless, in this dialectical relationship the arena of ideological struggle is delimited by the dynamics of the economy and political control. The thesis therefore, points the way to more detailed studies in the sociology of mass communications, particularly in the structure of ownership and control of the media industries as a whole and the tensions within them, and how alternative and oppositional discourses are curtailed, so as to better understand this complex process of representation, reproduction and contestation.
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Omari, Namwaka. "Neoliberalism, democracy and transitional states, the changing role of state-society relations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58367.pdf.
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Swiffen-Cziczovszki, Andrea Viktoria. "Reinventing regional policy in transitional society : Hungary in the European integration process." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620392.
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Contreras, Mariela. "Child nutrition in rural Nicaragua : Population-based studies in a transitional society." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-248702.
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Emerging favourable as well as unfavourable nutrition patterns are observed in societies undergoing rapid social and economic change. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the associations between household and maternal resources and infant and young child feeding habits and nutritional status in rural Nicaragua, a low-income transitional society. All households (n=1,500) in Los Cuatro Santos with at least one child (0-3 y) were visited to collect information on feeding of the youngest child. Children´s anthropometry was also measured using standardised World Health Organisation (WHO) techniques. Validated instruments were used to assess household and maternal resources. All instruments had been adapted to the local context and piloted in a nearby community. The education of the mother showed more independent variation in the studied outcomes. The odds for exclusive breastfeeding were highest in infants aged 0 to 5 months of mothers with the lowest education. Further, children aged 6 to 35 months with lowest educated mothers were less likely to consume highly processed snacks (HP snacks) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). They were also less likely to be exposed to a double burden of suboptimal feeding (concurrent unmet WHO recommended feeding practices and consumption of HP snacks or SSBs). However, children aged 6 to 35 months were more prone to infrequently meet dietary diversity and to more shortness. Children in the same age group with lower educated mothers were also shorter in households with the lowest housing quality. Higher level of maternal education contributed both favourably and unfavourably to child feeding and nutrition. This was reflected in more and less frequent practice of the WHO feeding indicators, but also in more frequent children´s consumption of HP snacks and SSBs. Higher maternal education was associated with taller children, even in households with the lowest housing quality.
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Toan, Ngo Van. "Utilisation of health services in a transitional society : studies in Vietnam 1991-1999 /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4812-7/.
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Kaschula, Russell H. "The transitional role of the Xhosa oral poet in contemporary South African society." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002085.
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This thesis outlines the changing role of the Xhosa imbongi in contemporary South African society. The changing socio-economic and political scenario in South Africa, and the way in which the imbongi is adapting in order to accommodate new pressures created by these changes, form an integral part of this thesis. The effects of education and increasing literacy on the tradition are outlined. The interaction between oral and written forms is explored in chapter 2. The role of the imbongi within the religious sphere is included in chapter 3. Xhosa preachers within the independent churches often make use of the styles and techniques associated with oral poetry. Iimbongi who are not necessarily preachers also operate within this context. The relationship between the Congress of South African Trade Unions, the African National Congress and iimbongi has also been researched and forms part of chapters 4, 5, and the epilogue. The modern imbongi is drawn towards powerful organisations offering alternative leadership to many of the traditional chiefs. In the epilogue collected poetry is analysed in the context of Mandela's visit to Transkei in April 1990. Interviews have been conducted with chiefs, iimbongi attached to chiefs as well as those attached to different organisations. Poetry has been collected and analysed. In chapter 5, three case studies of modern iimbongi are included. The problems facing these iimbongi in their different contexts, as well as the power bases from which they draw, are outlined. Finally, an alternative definition of the imbongi is offered in the conclusion
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Gassama, Diakhoumba. "Accountability and prosecution in the Liberian transitional society: lessons from Rwanda and Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_3458_1180416748.
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In the aftermath of World War Two, the International Community has shown a renewed commitment towards the protection of human rights. However, whether during wars or under dictatorial regimes, numerous human rights abuses occurred everywhere in the world, from Latin America to Eastern Europe and from Southern Europe to Africa. Countries which experienced oppressive governance or outrageous atrocities has to address the legacies of their past on the return of democratic rule or peace. In other words, they had to emerge from the darkness of dictatorship or civil war in order to establish a democracy. Today, after 14 years of civil war, Liberia is faced with the challenge of achieving a successful transition where the imperatives of truth, justice and reconciliation need to be met. The purpose of this research paper was to make some recommendations on the way the accountability process in Liberia should be shaped as far as prosecution is concerned.
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Dlukulu, Puseletso Masebolao. "Black urban widows : their experiences of and coping with bereavement in a transitional society." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24765.
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Death is a drastic event in one’s life. Through grief, mourning and bereavement, people heal the hurt of their loss of a loved one. Little research exists on bereavement in Black transitional societies of South Africa. As such, the objective of this study was to explore how widows in South African transitional societies, whose husbands have died of terminal illnesses, experience bereavement, and how they cognitively process and cope with the loss. The Participants’ bereavement process was defined as starting when they become aware of their husbands’ anticipated death (anticipatory bereavement). Unstructured and structured interviews were conducted with 10 widows from the community under study and a thematic analysis was performed on the data. Five themes emerged concerning the Participants’ personal characteristics, their challenges and how they dealt with them, their experiences of stressors, and coping. Although the Participants responded to the news of the deaths of their husbands in a similar manner, there were differences in other responses, reflecting individual differences in coping strategies. Some Participants seemed more adaptive, with greater openness and flexibility in social cognition and greater problem-focused coping, while others showed more negative emotions in social interaction, greater loneliness, and expressed relatively closed and inflexible social cognition. However, positive or negative responses and coping did not necessarily determine whether bereavement would be functional or dysfunctional. It was found that the Participants’ anticipatory bereavement did not ease or shorten their sense or period of bereavement after their husband’s death. A model of the cognitive-affective-motivational-behavioural network of bereavement was developed, taking into account the role of culture and how each Participant’s cognition, affect, and the kind of attachment to their husbands motivated their behaviours in particular ways in coping effectively or ineffectively with their bereavement.Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Psychology
unrestricted
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Zhang, Yafei. "Mainstream cultural production and audience citizenship: dispute resolution reality shows in transitional Chinese society." Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/7052.
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This study explores cultural productions in one television genre in Chinese mainstream media: dispute resolution shows. By applying the theoretical frameworks of Hall’s encoding and decoding and Habermas’ public spheres, this study mainly answers two research questions: 1) how does mainstream production convey politically-preferred cultural and social values to viewers; and 2) how do audience members exercise their citizenship in decoding televised social values and cultural norms? In a specific examination of Oriental Pearl Live Newsroom, mixed-methods are adopted, including unsupervised learning of the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), content analysis, thematic analysis, focus groups, and interviews.
In the findings, the interviewees admitted that they propagated social and cultural values in accordance with the mainstream political ideology of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in order to maintain social stability and state order. However, my interviewees also suggested that they had an ambition and willingness to promote a civil society in China, which requires a counterbalanced power from the audience’s side. The results of the audience analysis generally indicated that they challenged the power of legitimate authorities, including the nation-state, the elite class, and the media. This study identified five online public spheres: 1) Government is the core; 2) Request for rule of law; 3) Media is a paradox; 4) The elite class is not the boss; 5) The grass is always greener (adoration of foreign countries).
In general, this study supports conceptualizing audience members as citizens. It demonstrates how audience members deconstruct the dominant interpretations of social values and their attempts to elaborate less-favorable voices in Transitional Chinese society. This conceptualization suggests the importance of audience members in creating diverse public spheres and promoting a civil society.
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Крамаренко, Л. Д. "Формування правосвідомості студентської молоді в перехідному суспільстві." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21726.
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Сидорчук, Н. С. "Людина в культурі: перспективи перехідного суспільства." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21728.
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Жмайло, І. О. "Роль митця у подоланні кризи ідентичності в перехідному суспільстві." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21729.
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Фльорко, Л. Я. "Сучасна людина в умовах перехідного суспільства." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21752.
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Lu, Yiyi. "The functioning and dysfunctioning of NGOs in transitional China : change and continuity in state-society relations." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1801/.
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Despite the rapid development of NGOs in China in the last two decades and the growing interest in them in both academic and policy circles, research on Chinese NGOs has suffered from a lack of both detailed qualitative data and sophisticated analytical frameworks. The present thesis is an attempt to address both gaps in existing research. It draws on a large amount of information generated by in-depth case studies of NGOs, and it replaces the state-versus-society dichotomous framework that has underpinned most existing studies of Chinese NGOs with a new approach that disaggregates both the "state" and "society" and emphasizes their inter-penetration. The thesis challenges a number of existing analyses of Chinese NGOs. Contrary to common belief that Chinese NGOs lack autonomy from the state, it argues that many of them have in fact enjoyed a remarkable degree of de facto autonomy. Whilst Chinese NGOs are widely perceived as lacking many basic skills that urgently need to be developed by means of organizational capacity building programmes, the thesis suggests that many NGOs already possess sophisticated skills which may be different from those taught by standard NGO training programmes but which are well suited to the specific institutional context of transitional China. The thesis looks at how Chinese NGOs operate in this context and examines the key factors that have limited their usefulness both as service providers and as advocates for vulnerable and disadvantaged members of society. It concludes with some reflections on the evolution of state-society relations in post-reform China as revealed by this study of NGOs. It summarizes change and continuity in state-society relations in the notion of dependent autonomy. This means that social forces have gained substantial autonomy from the state, but they continue to depend on the state for various vital support and resources.
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Tan, Porter Debbie Eng Bee. "The status of women in a transitional society, male-female differentials in education, occupation, and earnings in Singapore." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ30036.pdf.
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Kim, Eunbee, and Eunbee Kim. "Road To Democratization." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626336.
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Why do some (non)violent civil resistances in nondemocracies achieve democracy while others do not? In order to answer this question, this project examined factors that result in different outcomes and the mechanisms critical to democratization. In particular, I paid close attention to whether autocracies failing after successful (non)violent civil resistance adopted transitional justice (TJ) mechanisms such as trials, truth commissions, and amnesty, and how civil society worked in each course of democratization.
I explored the conditions of democratic consolidation (e.g., economic development, democratic neighbors, and political institution) and among them, focused on the civil culture that led citizens to participate positively and actively in politics with belief and trust. I found that in the course of democratization, implementing TJ policies is necessary in order to build inter-group trust and encourage citizens to participate critically in political reform. Because TJ mechanisms are designed to make past wrongdoers accountable and reconcile conflicting sides, these approaches can strengthen civic culture and promote reconciliation by restoring the rule of law and rebuilding victims’ dignity.
In addition, I argued that a robust civil society (CS) plays a vital role in sustaining democracy, not only by encouraging TJ adoption, but also by playing roles such as supporter, mobilizer, enforcer, monitor, and so on. In this context, I suggested that (non)violent civil resistance can contribute to building a robust CS. Particularly, nonviolent and large resistance with diverse participants can increase the capacity, legitimacy, and representativeness of a CS so that it can play its role(s) properly.
Statistical analysis with large-n data supported these arguments. Despite the controversy in the literature, adoption of TJ policies turned out to be a positively significant factor for achieving democratic consolidation; and, the robustness of CS, which can be developed through (non)violent civil resistance, was significant as well, particularly at the early phase of the democratization process. The application to the 2011 Arab Uprising cases (Tunisia and Egypt) that focused on TJ adoption and the role of CS revealed consistent conclusions as well.
Although there are several limitations to this study, I attempted to reveal the importance of the linkages among steps to democratization and increase understanding of the “process” rather than simply the “cause” or “result.” In addition, the findings can be implemented in policies for proliferating democracy by supporting/encouraging democratization from the ground up (i.e., below), CS growth, and TJ adoption after transition.
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Liu, Yan. "Constructing civil society in transitional china case studies of one private university and one non-governmental institute for peasant education /." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7206.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.Thesis research directed by: Education Policy, and Leadership. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Liu, Ruoxi. "The media, the public and the courts under Chinese governmentality: case study of a highly publicized trial in a transitional society." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1874.
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Recent years have witnessed an increase in the phenomenon of highly publicized trial in China. There have been studies exploring the relationship between the media and the political system, especially the judicial system in China. Scholarship on this topic has shown that the Chinese media are playing an increasingly important role in sustaining the regime. Specifically, they are becoming more influential over the outcomes of court cases and have developed to one of the most important actors in China's legal system (Wang & Tan, 2008; Liebman, 2005, 2010; Stockmann &Gallagher, 2011). The media-court relationship provides insights into China's politics, and more importantly, reflects the logics and rationale behind the Communist Party-state's governance. This thesis aims to contribute to existing knowledge on the functioning of the Chinese judicial system using as a case study, the trial of Yao Jiaxin, a young man prosecuted for a particularly heinous murder. This case study explores the dynamic relationship between the media and the courts in China under the framework of the “governmentality” of the Chinese Communist Party. The findings showed that the relationship between the media and the courts is changing, and the public has become an important actor in this relationship. As such, both the media and the courts are now more responsive to public opinion. This new dynamic is attributed to China’s evolution to a governmentality of “soft authoritarianism,” which is enabled by the Internet, mainly online forums and social media platforms in China. However, Yao’s case also suggested some limitations of China’s governmentality. First, social actors including the media and the court are facing challenges in achieving a balance between being responsive to the public and maintaining their professional integrity. Secondly, “soft” authoritarianism is only a means to an end, not an end in itself. Individual interests are expected to be sacrificed for the sake of collective interests under this governmentality.
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Tomsson, Viktoria. "UN Transitional Administrations: enjoying immunity or impunity? : A legal study on UN Transitional Administrations and their post-colonial impact on victims’ access to justice." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444165.
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United Nations peacekeeping forces and operations, have long had a history of crimes against civilians by its personnel, not least concerning crimes of sexual exploitation and abuse. While human rights violations are grave despite their origin, there is a specific element of impunity and distrust when the same people who comes to ‘protect’, are the same people who become perpetrators. In this sense, it is notably interesting and important to examine victims’ rights to access justice when crimes have been committed by UN Personnel. The primary aim is to explore to what extent the fore-mentioned victims have the possibility to access justice within the legal system of UN Transitional Administrations. These UN operations are chosen since it is particularly important to examine the extent to which victim’s may access justice when the UN exercises governmental powers and acts as a quasi-state. An underlying aim is to explore how the eventual inconsistencies within this system may be colored by postcolonial tendencies. In this sense, the study is conducted through a doctrinal method with a postcolonial perspective, examining the normative aspects of law in the light of a critical lens. The legal basis and the legal obligations of UN Transitional Administrations are compared to the International Standard on Victims’ rights and evidence on how victims’ rights to access justice is practiced within these administrations. Finally, the aim is to evaluate the result of this analysis from the standpoint of postcolonial theory.
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Yotova, Julia Kirilova. "Institutional change in a transitional society: support and resistance to new academic programs at two distinct universities in Bulgaria. A case study." Thesis, Boston University, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31642.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
In the early 1990s, and since then, just like institutions in any other sector, higher education institutions have been looking for models of restructuring. Best practices show that the most prestigious universities adapt by new programmatic designs. The research provides evidence to assess the proposition that The New Bulgarian University opened in 1991 as alternative to the traditional universities is better aligned with the requirements of modern times than the traditional university, Sofia University. The New Bulgarian University is an entrepreneurial liberal arts teaching and research university. It is funded by various sources but is mostly tuition-based. It can be viewed as the embodiment of new trends in institution building. This study is an embedded, two-site case study (Yin, 1994). The embedded case study allows for grouping of the participants into main units and subunits. In this study, the two universities are the main units; the leadership and faculty groups are the main subunits; students and other stakeholders constitute other subunits. Programmatic changes are examples of institutional restructuring. The study focused on programmatic decision-making as a measure of support and resistance to institutional restructuring. Data from 78 participants were collected over a one-year period by means of open-ended and guided interviews, different printed materials, and direct observations. Questions were guided, in part, by theories of institutional change, strategic change leadership theories and attitude change theories. Using the pattern-matching technique (Yin, 1994), data were presented as two institutional patterns of decision-making in relation to key institutional change and leadership concepts. The study contributed further to the understanding of another aspect of the implementation of the state legislation, namely, what patterns of institutional decision making have occurred as a result of the limitations of the law. Findings revealed that new leadership trends clearly appear at both universities, but mostly at The New Bulgarian University. The new leadership skills are the opposite of the old ones - active behavior vs. inactivity, positive attitudes vs. negative attitudes to change, risk taking vs. prolonged deliberations regarding opportunities, and overt opinions, vs. covert judgments. In a second finding a dialectic seems to be operating in which the traditional Sofia University is under pressure to respond more effectively to the needs and demands of the global market, and The New Bulgarian University, correspondingly, is challenged to further accommodate the traditional demands of academic excellence. The criteria for interpreting the findings support two theoretical propositions. The starting theoretical proposition was that leadership skills are key to institutional change and its implementation. Additional proposition suggests that leadership skills are necessary yet not sufficient for implementation of change. In conclusion, universities need to accept responsibility for learning how to integrate business models with their traditional way of doing business. Recommendations suggest that university leaders and faculty need to get past the defensive stage, past the compliance stage, past the managerial stage and embrace the strategic and civil stage of responsibility.
2031-01-01
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Munyaka, Chenai Gillian. "Civil society and informal mechanisms of transitional justice : filling the gap of accountability and acknowledgement for the 2008 electoral violence in Zimbabwe." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53449.
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In the absence of an effective state led mechanism for dealing with issues of transitional justice in Zimbabwe following the violent 2008 elections, civil society organisations have sought some form of remedy for those affected by the violence through the engagement of state processes as well as through informal processes within communities affected by the violence. Through various advocacy and lobbying initiatives, civil society has sought to challenge impunity, push for the reform of state institutions that have perpetuated violence, as well as to push for effective and inclusive policies that will address the concerns arising from the aftermath of political violence. They have also sought to change and influence structures that have promoted violence particularly in communities that were most affected by the 2008 electoral violence. These roles have been played in an environment that has largely been described as not conducive to dealing with the concerns of transitional justice. This environment is characterised by the absence of a change in political dispensation, where those responsible for the violence have remained at the helm of the state and political power. The aim of this research was to describe and explore the informal mechanisms put in place by civil society organisations in Zimbabwe to deal with issues of accountability and acknowledgement with regards to the 2008 electoral violence. The research also aimed to examine the consequences of such approaches to post conflict justice on the relationship between the state and civil society and more broadly on the achievement of the goals of transitional justice. The research asked: How has civil society addressed the issues of transitional justice in relation to the 2008 electoral violence in Zimbabwe? More specifically, the research also asked: Why has civil society employed informal processes to deal with transitional justice relating to the 2008 electoral violence and what have been the consequences of civil society instituting informal transitional justice mechanisms without the support or involvement of the state? The research findings showed that civil society organisations have employed informal processes of transitional justice as a response to the lack of political will by the state to address the concerns of transitional justice. It also found that despite the importance of the role being played by civil society organisations in dealing with these concerns, this approach was not comprehensive both in terms of geographic spread and also due to the absence of authority by civil society to enforce accountability. This study concludes that the gap of transitional justice for the 2008 electoral violence in Zimbabwe is a consequence of the lack of political will by state actors to deal with the concerns arising from the aftermath of the violence as well as the failure to create an environment that allows for these concerns to be addressed. The study also concludes that the state remains the key actor in the transitional justice discourse and through cooperation with civil society actors, an effective and more comprehensive response to the concerns arising from the 2008 electoral violence as well as other epochs of violence witnessed in the country could be instituted.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Political Sciences
MA
Unrestricted
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Hunt, Janet, and janethunt@homemail com au. "Local NGOs in national development: The case of East Timor." RMIT University. School of Global Studies, Social Science and Planning, 2008. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20081202.155254.
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This thesis explores the roles and experiences of local East Timorese non-government organisations through the multiple transitions which accompanied East Timor's process of independence in the period 1999-2004. It explores how NGOs attempted to influence the changing environment in which they were operating, particularly in the development of the new nation. In doing so, it examines how the actual experience of these local NGOs relates to theories of civil society and NGOs in the various phases of transition to democracy, state and nation building and post-conflict peacebuilding. After reviewing literature relating to the role of civil society and NGOs in democratisation, development and peacebuilding, and identifying some key issues to explore, the study turns to the particular context of East Timor. It summarizes the colonial history, with a particular focus on governance, development and the emergence of civil society and NGOs in that territory, and the phases of the transition. It then focuses closely on six leading East Timorese NGOs, which between them reflect different organisational origins and sectoral interests and which were perceived to be playing significant roles within the NGO community. The case study chapters describe briefly the history of each NGO, then trace their stories over an approximately five year period. They explore how the visions, strategies, programs and organisational systems of these NGOs changed as the context changed. The case studies show how adaptive these NGOs were, how excluded some of them were by the huge influx of international players after the ballot, but how, in the absence of a legitimate government, they were included in various processes in a number of important ways during the UNTAET period. These studies also reveal some of the challenges the NGOs faced as the new government took over in May 2002. The study concludes by summarising the changing roles and capacities of the NGOs, highlighting the many roles which local NGOs played throughout the study period, and the way in which they met new demands placed upon them. It identifies capacities critical for these NGOs' survival and development, and identifies some strategies which the NGOs themselves identified as useful in helping them attain these. It also identifies some areas which they found challenging and where more capacity development may have been valuable. Finally the study reflects on the actual experiences of Timorese NGOs compared to theory and experiences elsewhere relating to democracy, development and peacebuilding. The findings, which emphasise the changing relationship of the new state to its citizens, suggest that the civil society and development practice, which has been strongly based on de Tocqueville's approach to civil society, is not particularly helpful in a post-conflict setting. Instead, an adapted Gramscian approach, viewing civil and political society as interrelated sites in which a struggle to embed non-violent means of apportioning power are being waged, could be of greater analytic and practical value.
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Tu, Jiong. "Privatisation of Health Care in Transitional China : A Study of Private Clinics at the County Level." Thesis, Linköping University, Health and Society, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-57367.
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The thesis examines the privatisation of China's health care since the 1980s, focusingon the privatisation of primary health care at the county level. The research choosesprivate clinics as research objects, includes a brief historical description of privatehealth care evolution and the existing health care system in China; based on theempirical data collected in the field work, it provides a current picture of private clinicand its privatisation process in a Chinese city, discusses the problems in privatemedical practice and challenges private clinic faces, and the influence of privatisationon health sector performance.The thesis notes the privatisation of primary health care by private clinics supplies analternative way for health care services. It plays a significant role in compensatingpublic system and promotes more equal health access, although the radicalprivatisation of all health sectors undermines the accessibility and quality of healthservices in general. Currently the private health sector in China is still small and yet toform a mature market, and there are multiple challenges for its further development,but it can be expected that the private sector in the health care area will expand rapidly,and China could hopefully find a suitable way of public/private mix under the newhealth reform.
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Palmcrantz, Conrad. "Women’s war and Women’s justice : A legal feminist analysis of the Colombian Special Jurisdiction for Peace." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-181618.
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In 2016, the Colombian government and the FARC-EP guerilla signed a historic peace agreement. After decades of internal armed struggle, the two parties have settled on terms that, hopefully, will allow Colombia to transit from wartime to peacetime. A substantial part of the peace agreement centers on how to adjudicate previous wrong-doings and bring perpetrators of conflict-related crimes to justice. For this purpose, the parties have created a temporary court system called the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (JEP)). There are several remarkable aspects of the JEP and its legal mandate. However, this thesis focuses on the court’s explicit gender-based approach (enfoque de género). Through applying an international legal feminist method, the thesis establishes how the JEP functions, and how it takes account of gendered aspects. As a second step, the JEP is evaluated in light of international standards. The author concludes that the gender-based approach is in line with international norms on gender and transitional justice. As to equal participation, the JEP has a gender-balanced bench of magistrates, and it has launched a victims’ protection program that expressly focuses on gender-based violence. Furthermore, the JEP has incorporated procedural guarantees to prevent the re- traumatization of victims and witnesses. Additionally, the amnesty provisions of the JEP avoid impunity for gender-based crimes. Nevertheless, there are aspects of the JEP that limit the reach of the gender- based approach. Firstly, the JEP will focus on conflict-related public violence, and it lacks jurisdiction over intra-family private violence. Secondly, the court tends to center its attention on sexual violence and does not grant other forms of gender- based violence the same attention. However, these limitations are not unique for the JEP, and similar issues are found in international standards.
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Miller, Kurt, Rudolf Morant, Arnulf Stenzl, Manfred P. Wirth, and Ivan Zuna. "A Phase II Study of the Central European Society of Anticancer-Drug Research (CESAR) Group: Results of an Open-Label Study of Gemcitabine plus Cisplatin with or without Concomitant or Sequential Gefitinib in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urothelium." Karger, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A70589.
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Introduction: This phase II trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, gefitinib, in combination with first-line chemotherapy in advanced urothelial cancer. Methods: Chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma were randomized 1:1:1 to receive six cycles of chemotherapy (gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m 2 on days 1 and 8, and cisplatin 70 mg/m 2 on day 1 of every cycle) concomitantly with gefitinib 250 mg/day (arm A); or with sequential gefitinib (arm B); or alone (arm C). The primary endpoint was the time to progression (TTP). Results: A total of 105 patients received study treatment. Median TTP for arms A, B, and C were 6.1, 6.3, and 7.8 months, respectively. There were no significant differences between treatment arms for any outcomes measured. The most common adverse events were nausea and vomiting. Conclusion: Gefitinib in combination with chemotherapy did not improve efficacy in advanced urothelial cancer.
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Freire, GermaÌn. "The Piaroa : environment and society in transition." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249830.
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Taylor, David Vaughan. "A society in transition : Badenoch 1750-1800." Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2015. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/a-society-in-transition(7a69845d-9d22-4512-b273-9f98076c5090).html.
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This thesis explores how social and economic change within the the distinctive region of Badenoch compares with similar developments in other parts of the Highlands. It demonstrates that the Highlands were not an isolated periphery by placing localised issues not just within the wider dimension of the British state and empire, but also within the ideological framework that shaped and influenced contemporary thought. Society in Badenoch was divided into three clearly demarcated but inter-woven ranks: the aristocratic Dukes of Gordon, the gentry and the peasantry. The peasant economy operated at subsistence level, primarily pastoral and heavily dependent on a complex system of transhumance. But there was also a thriving cattle-based commercial economy driven by the indigenous tacksmen, who further demonstrated their entrepreneurship through diversification into agricultural improvement, sheep, textiles and timber. The conflicting demands for land, particularly the hill grazings, inevitably created tensions between the social ranks. The Badenoch economy suffered badly from climatic problems and fluctuating market prices, with two major famines occurring before the end of the century. These apart, however, the economy, and the lives of the entire community, experienced gradual improvement, not just through increasing commercialism, but also through the government's military requirements for its imperial and European wars – a massive economic boost across the social spectrum. Change inevitably caused friction between the social classes over issues like rising rents, the appropriation of land (particularly for sheep) and clearances, which, along with the pressures of commercialism and government policy, had almost completely destroyed traditional clan society by 1800. The tacksman class, however, remained dominant despite the challenge to their traditional authority from both the Dukes of Gordon and the increasingly assertive commonalty.
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McNaughton, Carol Corinne. "Understanding transitions through homelessness in a risk society." Thesis, Connect to e-thesis, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/969/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Glasgow, 2007.Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Faculty of Law, Business and Social Science, University of Glasgow, 2007. Includes bibliographical references. Print version also available.
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O'Kane, Clare. "A society in transition : society, identity and nostalgia in rural Northern Ireland, 1939-1968." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557643.
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This thesis is a study of social and cultural change in rural Northern Ireland from the outbreak of the Second . World War in 1939 to the late 1960s, a period in which rural society was undergoing transition. This study charts the progress of that transition, addressing the ambiguity of a period in which rural people were faced with the struggle between old and new, the narrowing gap between country and city and the loss of rural identity that came with modernisation and standardisation. This thesis also, examines how rural life in the middle decades of the twentieth century is explored in imaginative literature about the countryside written at the time and in the recorded memory of rural. people casting a backward glance on their own past. This study, therefore, not only provides a social and cultural history of rural Northern Ireland during the 1940s and 1950s, but it also examines how this rural society in transition was both represented and remembered. The thesis begins with a chapter which examines the ways in which the Second World War acted as a catalyst for change in the Northern Ireland countryside. Chapter two and three explore how this process of change continued in the post-war period, looking at how ordinary rural people adapted to social reform and cultural evolution. Chapter four considers literary interpretations of the rural at time when traditional rural identities were under threat. Finally, this thesis argues that the process of accelerated change that took place in rural Northern Ireland from the 1940s to the 1960s has had a significant impact on how this period is remembered by rural people. Rural life underwent such a transformation during this time, and so few tangible links to the past remain, that those looking back often do so with nostalgia.
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Boussard, Caroline. "Crafting democracy : civil society in post-transition Honduras /." Lund : Department of Political Science, Lund Univ, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/362035385.pdf.
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Durrant, Rachael Amy. "Civil society roles in transition : towards sustainable food?" Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/51587/.
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Civil society organisations (CSOs) in the UK are currently engaged in attempts to make food systems more sustainable, i.e. greener, fairer and healthier. These efforts have been maintained over several decades, for instance the Soil Association was launched in response to concerns about modern agriculture and food in 1946. But more sustainable food systems remain marginal. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to improve understanding of the important roles that CSOs can and do play within processes of large-scale social change (or ‘transitions'). It does this by developing a typology of the distinguishable roles played by CSOs in transition, and relating this to empirical findings from three UK case studies. Through a mixture of field observations, documentary analysis and in-depth interviewing, it makes a number of relevant findings. First, it provides detailed empirical characterisation of the activities, relationships with other actors, and stated intentions of specific CSOs. Second, it finds that CSOs chart unique transformative pathways, both individually and collectively, which emerge from their interactions and strategic repositioning over time. Third, rather than being guided by a single shared vision of transition, CSOs are found to be engaged in a plurality of intended transformations that contend with, cross-cut and partially encompass each other. These findings contribute to scholarly knowledge about how civil society innovation operates at different structural levels, targets different elements within socio-technical systems, and engages different kinds of actors and practices. They also reinforce and extend existing understandings of how civil society actors exercise power in the context of transitions, and reveal how systemic perspectives – such as underlie transitions theory – can obfuscate both the intentions and activities of the actors involved, thereby raising questions about the attribution of agency in studies of transition.
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Jacobsson, Mats. "'Att blifva sin egen' : ungdomars väg in i vuxenlivet i 1700- och 1800-talens övre Norrland." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60822.
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The background to this study is that there is no studies on youth and their transition to adulthood in preindustrial Sweden. The main objective of this thesis has therefore been to analyze young peoples transition to adulthood during the late 18th and 19th centuries in a region of the northern part of Sweden. The social context of the region was mainly agrarian during the investigated period despite the fact that in the later part of the 19th and beginning of 20th century, a development of a growing forest industry had started. The main questions is: How and when in life did different social categories of young people establish an independent and adult life? Where there any changes in transitional patterns and was the establishment smoother or more troublesome at different times during the investigated period ? Where there any changes regarding social norms related to the establishment of adult life? The transition to adult life is studied from a life-course approach and four key-transitions; The First Holy communion, leaving home, marriage and parenthood are regarded as significant steps within the process to a independent social position. Individual data related to keytransitions is mainly collected from cathectical examination records and comprised 2206 individuals born in six different cohorts between 1770 and 1900. The selected cohorts represents individuals that had to deal with different social conditions during their youth and transition to adult life. The main results regarding the transition to adult life can be summarized in two words, complexity and variance. Usually it was a "long" transition but the number of accomplished keytransitions and the order between them varied, as well as ages when taking the first Holy Communion, leaving home, marriage and entering parenthood varied. Transitional patterns varied between different categories of youth. A dividing line existed between the sexes, those from households strongly rooted in the agricultural structure and those with background in social categories that didn't own or was in possession of land. Social norms related to keytransitons changed along this dividing line during the investigated period of time, and became less permissive within landowning or land-possessing categories and less prescriptive in other categories. Transitional patterns were also influenced by the social situation at different historical times. The need for labor, war and years of famine directly intervened in timing and sequencing of keytransitions. A long term development was that the transition to adult life became more problematic in the later part of the 19th century, especially among young people who were less integrated in the social context and among socially stigmatized youth. Finally, young people were active and reflexive in seeking social space to make the transition to adult life, actions that sometimes caused tensions and conflicts between generations.digitalisering@umu
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Coakley, Maurice. "The transition to a literate society : the case of Ireland." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15105/.
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Has writing changed history or has it merely recorded historical change? Within the field of Literacy Studies, opinions on the role of writing in bringing about historical change have tended to polarise into two camps. The 'autonomous' school sees literacy as a dynamic force for change and accords it a central role in the development of civilisation. The 'ecological' school sees literacy as embedded in specific social contexts and disputes that it plays any autonomous role in historical change. This thesis will discuss both theoretical approaches and evaluate these contrasting positions in a specific historical context. The focus of this study is on the role that literacy played in Ireland from the medieval to the modem period. Ireland is a useful case study because it contains virtually all the elements that arise in the wider debate: restricted literacy and pragmatic literacy, the relationship of language change to literacy, the presence of disparate literate practices, and the role of literacy in advancing development and spawning uneven development. As well as examining the role of literacy in Ireland from the late Middle Ages to the early modem period, this study compares the development of literate practices in Ireland to those in England, Scotland and Wales and assesses their role in responding to the Reformation and political centralisation. This thesis also compares the origins and the early development of capitalism in Ireland and Scotland, and attempts to assess the role of literacy in explaining the divergent paths taken by these societies. Finally it examines the relationship between the emergence of mass literacy and the rise of national identities. From the study of Ireland and its neighbours, the thesis attempts to draw some general conclusions about the relationship between literacy and historical change.
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Davis, Kim, Changkun Shen, and Aymeric Maratea. "Contributing to a Transition towards a Sustainable Society : Education Matters." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-3062.
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This research aims to shed insights and produce supportive tools to help stimulate the design of education programs. First a characterization of opportunities and challenges for education programs is given from a global sustainability standpoint. Second a characterization of what education programs may contain and take into account from a full sustainability standpoint, as an outline of education programs in a desired future at a principle level, is provided to help inspire purpose-led education services organizations. Third an outline of possible tools and strategies to help strategically close the gap between the current unsustainable state and the desired sustainable future is provided. A special focus is put on the Template for Sustainable Product Development (TSPD) process tool, originally used to help industries in their production chain, but here adapted as the “Sustainability Potential” Express Strategic Assessment for Education Programs to benefit education programs stakeholders. The authors also propose a set of three abilities acting in synergy: Creativity, “Knowledge Making” & “Open Values” (CKMOV) that are at the heart of Strategic Sustainable Development and thus may help form three equally vital pillars, which education programs may strategically take support from while helping society transition to a sustainable equilibrium.+86 13637758331
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Ralphs, Robert. "Beyond transitions : problematizing the experience of young people in contemporary society." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412829.
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Dawuni, Josephine J. "Beyond Transition: Democracy and the Development of Civil Society in Ghana." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_diss/12.
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This research examines the impact of formal democracy on the construction of an effective civil society in Ghana. The theoretical and policy role of civil society has received a great deal of attention in the literature. Especially for democratization theorists, the focus has been on the democracy enhancing qualities of civil society—qualities often credited with playing key roles in democratic transitions in Africa. However, the question of what happens to civil society after a democratic transition has not received much attention in the literature. Using a historical institutionalist approach, the study examines how democratic institutions and institutional arrangements affect the development of civil society. After Ghana’s return to formal democracy in 1992, democratic openings, though not immediately transformative, created an expansion in civil liberties and political rights necessary for the emergence of civil society. Paradoxically, state institutions remained weak and it was such weakness—not the strength, as some of the literature suggests, that allowed civil society to develop. Within the legislative and bureaucratic arenas, persistent institutional weakness became an opportunity for civil society to mobilize resources from foreign donors to strengthen the capacity of state institutions. Through programs aimed at enhancing the capacity of state institutions, foreign donors played a critical role in framing the relationship between civil society and the state. A major finding from this research is the symbiotic relationship between civil society and the state. As the case of Ghana demonstrates, where the state provides opportunities for civil society to develop, an effective civil society in turn contributes to building the democratic state. Findings from this research provide theoretical implications for the literature on civil society and democracy by highlighting the role of democratic institutions in strengthening civil society.
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Burge, Allan James. "Consolidating democracy, civil society and the dilemma of the double transition." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39806.pdf.
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Loftus, Bethan. "Police culture in a diverse society : a provincial police force in transition?" Thesis, Keele University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442981.
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Alcock, Susan Ellen. "Greek society and the transition to Roman rule : archaeological and historical approaches." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283664.
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Bondarchuk, A., and V. Nochvay. "Social system of transition society theoretical scheme: economy, culture and ecology interrelations." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13404.
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See, Mark. "Transitions and architecture." This title; PDF viewer required Home page for entire colleciton, 2007. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
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Chiang, Jamie Lynn. "Civil society in Shanghai market economy transition, new residential neighbourhoods and the potential for democratic participation /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2006. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?MR21110.
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Smith, Angel. "An anatomy of a slave society in transition : the Virgin Islands, 1807-1864." Thesis, University of Hull, 2011. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5764.
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This study analyses the process of transition from slavery to freedom in the Virgin Islands’ slave society. It draws on a database of over 9,500 enslaved people of African descent, covering the period 1818 to 1834. Including information on gender, age, births, deaths, runaways, manumissions, and owners of the enslaved, this database allows the most intimate and comprehensive analysis of changes in the social life of the slave population and immediate descendants within any single British Caribbean territory in the age of abolitionism and its aftermath. Few studies in Caribbean history have sought to go beyond the transition from slavery to freedom and more specifically, to explore the impact of the enslaved themselves in shaping their own history during this critical transition. This thesis seeks to do both by re-examining the history of the Virgin Islands from 1807 to 1864, underpinning the argument it presents with data drawn from slave registers, Colonial Office and Parliamentary papers, and other records. It is on these grounds that this thesis makes an original contribution to existing knowledge.
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Redman, Susan. "Individuals and society in transition : a narrative study of parents' use of smacking." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2010. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/02f0a056-b796-4a69-aa66-068559c1f331.
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Parents’ use of smacking with children has been the subject of much private and public debate within the UK in recent years. Within this qualitative study, narrative methods have been used to explore relationships between societal change and individuals’ own biographical narratives of growing up and becoming parents and for some, becoming health visitors. At the heart of this study ‘small’ stories of individual experience are set within the context of what Tilly (1984) referred to as ‘big structures and large processes’. This thesis weaves ideas about social and cultural narratives with the personal or autobiographical narrative and explores their interconnectedness, places of convergence and divergence and significance for self-identity.Initially print media texts that spanned the past twenty years were analysed to discover the dominant 'storylines' about parents’ use of smacking. Secondly, narrative interviews were carried out with parents, grandparents and health visitors (most of whom were also parents or grandparents). The approach to analysis was sequential and narratives were considered in terms of their form and their content, across all of the narrative data and then within six selected narrative exemplars.The stories recounted by participants are of personal 'transition' and the formation of new identities within a society that could be described as being in a 'state of flux' as the children's rights agenda is interpreted and played out in different ways. Identification of personal turning points during the life course and the use of Frank’s (1995) narrative types has allowed further understanding of the ways in which these stories are culturally constructed. Participants’ biographical narratives of chaos, quest and restitution, focusing upon experience of parental use of smacking, illustrate ways in which different experience of transition, triggers, turning points and evolution, work in a transformational way to reconstruct moral identity of parents and foster relationships of reciprocity amongst children and parents. Understandings of relationship between adults and children have implications for the cultural politics of childhood which are significant for the present and on into the future. It is this very notion of reciprocity amongst children and parents that is likely to foster as cultural knowledge, equal protection against assault.
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Johnston, G. K. "Socialist thought and the transition to socialism in advanced societies." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382044.
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Bojinov, Jivco. "Democracy in Eastern Europe: society, government, and economy." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1361.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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Suleiman, Lina. "Water Governance in Transition." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-12982.
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The constraints experienced by water utilities in developing countries, with regard to the universal provision of access to water and improved water services, have been defined by international policymakers as "a crisis of governance". This study departs from the theoretical perspectives on governance and aspires to accumulate knowledge and advance understanding on how the performance of water utilities can be enhanced. The thesis comprises five papers and the cover essay. Four of the papers address case studies and one is a theoretically based paper, while all five papers are supported by reviews from the literature relevant to the topic of each paper. The thesis uses insights from literature reviews mapping relevant scientific theories and concepts in the areas of mainly governance, deliberative policymaking and communicative planning, social capital, civil society and institutional theoretical perspectives. The study integrates different research methods and explores theoretical perspectives on governance to examine the governance aspects of water utilities in the transition phase from public to private management and operation. The study investigates whether the governance structure that involves the private sector in the form of Public Private Partnership (PPP) of water utility has produced "good governance" and enhanced water governance in two cases, the Lema Water Company in Amman, Jordan and the Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) in Accra, Ghana. The analysis highlights evidence of governance deficiency. Accordingly, the thesis argues against the policy design that assumes that simply transferring the management and operation of water utility to private operators would resolve the problems of water utilities and enhance water governance. The analyses and the conclusions reached in the papers, together with a review of the literature on New Institutional Economics theory that knits together all the theories that are utilised in the papers, offer insights in the understanding of aspects of water governance. The insights suggest that policymakers need to better understand how institutions at different levels impact the overall performance of a water utility. The performance of the water utility cannot be detached from the wider institutional setting or reduced to simply changing the operator. What has been disregarded from the calculus of international policymakers, the thesis mainly argues, is the institutional perspective. The study concludes that actors’ performances are affected primarily by their institutional settings. The constraints of water utilities to provide a better performance and good governance processes reside in different kinds of institutional settings To address this, the thesis develops a generic institutional framework within which water governance aspects can be assessed at different institutional levels, from the higher level of politics to that of the individual level. According to this perspective, the study views governance process as "the interaction between actors from the spheres of a society within specific sets of formal and informal institutions in a social setting that produces certain political, economic and social outcomes". It defines good governance as "the legitimacy given by the wider public to institutions in a social setting and the coherency of formal and informal institutions to produce socially effective outcomes for the collective public". The developed generic institutional framework is used to more thoroughly analyse the two cases integrated in the study. This approach to assessment of water governance provides an explanation for why the water utilities were not able to meet their performance goals and enriches our understanding of water governance processes. It also modestly maps the main problematic institutional areas that in each case constrained aspects of good water governance. In practical terms, this thesis emphasises that policymakers have to map and identify the institutional factors constraining the overall performance of a water utility, at all levels. The thesis also urges policymakers to be cautious regarding which formulated policies are seen as solutions. Policymakers should restrain themselves from experimenting with policy when they are not sure that certain outcomes are likely to be produced by adopting a particular policy. In the long run, inappropriate policies may negatively affect local institutional settings and are likely to undermine the capacity of local governance.QC20100628
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Loshaj, Donjeta. "Civilsamhällets roll i den Kenyanska demokratiseringsprocessen : The role of civil society in the Kenyan democratization process." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-34816.
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The intention with the research was to investigate the role of civil society in the Kenyan democratization process. The research intends thus to analyze (1) the role of civil society in Kenya's transition to democracy (1990- 2002), and (2) the role of civil society in the further democratization process (2002- 2013). The results of the research demonstrates that the role of civil society played a crucial role in Kenya’s transition to democracy given that civil society provided with a multiparty- system in 1991. In addition, civil society endowed with education for citizens in order to attain constitutional reforms. As a result, Kenya accomplished a transition to democracy in 2002. The role of civil society in the further democratization process struggled to maintain democracy since corruption emerged instantaneously where elections resulted in electoral frauds. Civil society played a vital role once again, but this time with the help of media.