To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Transitive/intransitive.
Journal articles on the topic 'Transitive/intransitive'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Transitive/intransitive.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Saragih, Elza Leyli Lisnora, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "Pola Pembentukan Konstruksi Verba Serial dalam Bahasa Batak Toba (Teori X-Bar)." GERAM 8, no. 1 (June 18, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/geram.2020.vol8(1).4432.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to describe the construction and how the formation pattern of serial verbs in Batak Toba language through X-bar theory. A qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques using note-taking and interview techniques was used. Data were collected from interviews with native speakers and the text of Toba Batak language almanac. In analyzing the data, a method of distribution was employed. The results showed that the formation pattern of serial verbs in the Batak Toba language consisted of 4 types namely which were [transitive V1+ transitive V2], [transitive V1+intransitive V2], [intransitive V1+ transitive V2], and [intransitive V1 + intransitive V2]. The first type, [transitive V1+ transitive V2] is formed from the predicate that followed by the object + the predicate and followed by the object. The next formation, [V1 transitive + V2 intransitive] is formed from predicates followed by object + predicates and not followed by the object. The later type, [V1 intransitive + V2 transitive] is formed from predicates that not followed by object + predicates and followed by an object. Further, the last type, [intransitive V1 + V2] is formed from a predicate not followed by an object + a predicate and not followed by an object.
2
Verhaar, John W. M. "How Transitive is Intransitive?" Studies in Language 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 93–168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.14.1.05ver.
Full text
3
MOZAZ, MARIA, LESLIE J. GONZALEZ ROTHI, JEFFREY M. ANDERSON, GREGORY P. CRUCIAN, and KENNETH M. HEILMAN. "Postural knowledge of transitive pantomimes and intransitive gestures." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 8, no. 7 (November 2002): 958–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617702870114.
Full textAbstract:
Patients with apraxia are more impaired when performing transitive pantomimes than intransitive gestures. This dissociation might be related to the differences in movement complexity. Alternatively, the programs for intransitive gestures might be better defined, more widely distributed, or easier to activate than are those for transitive pantomimes. The purpose of this study was to test the complexity versus representational hypotheses. Twenty right-handed normal subjects both performed and discriminated correct from incorrect transitive pantomimes and intransitive gestures. The discrimination was performed by having subjects point at illustrations of hand postures. The subjects performed better when discriminating postures than when performing gestures or pantomimes. On both the production and discrimination tests, subjects performed better with intransitive gestures than transitive pantomimes. Although the finding that even normal subjects had more difficulty performing transitive pantomimes than intransitive gestures might appear to support the complexity hypothesis, that subjects also had more difficulty discriminating transitive than intransitive postures supports the representational activation hypothesis. (JINS, 2002, 8, 958–963.)
4
Rosliana, Lina. "Sufiks Pembentuk Verba Transitif Dan Intransitif Dalam Bahasa Jepang." KIRYOKU 3, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v3i1.17-27.
Full textAbstract:
(Title: Suffix Formers of Transitive And Intransitive Verbs In Japanese Language) This research aims to explain the process of formation verbs from the suffix of transitive and intransitive verb formers and their meanings. The data in this research were taken from Asahi Shinbun website, More Zasshi, News Livedoor and various other Japanese websites. The method which used in this research is descriptive method, and for data analysis using agih method. The theory which used in this research are verb, derivation and verb-forming suffix theory. The results of the research show that (1) There are 5 types of verb-forming suffixes: suffix –garu,-maru, -meru, -mu, and –suru, (2) Suffix –garu can be attached to adjective-i, adjective-na and -tai forms that can produce transitive and intransitive verbs (3) Suffix -maru can be attached to adjective-i and produce the intransitive verb (4) Suffix -meru can be attached to adjective-i and produce the transitive verb (5) Suffix -mu can be attached to adjective-i which can produce transitive and intransitive verbs (6) Suffix -suru can be attached to nouns and adverbs that can produce transitive or intransitive verbs (7) Some of verb-forming suffix can changes the meaning of the original word and some just changes the application.
5
Lim, Khai-in. "Causatives and causativation in Tangut language." International Journal of Chinese Linguistics 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 238–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.18010.lim.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper focuses on the causative verb 𘃡 wji1 and 𗟻 phji1 in the Tangut language. Causatives can be subcategorized as adversity causatives, transitive verbs (lexical causatives of intransitive verbs), analytic causatives of intransitive verbs, and causatives of transitive verbs. I argue that adversity causatives are expressed by 𘃡 wji1, while 𗟻 phji1 serves as the verb marking causatives of transitive verbs. Causatives of intransitive verbs can be divided according the directness of the action: direct actions, which often apply on inanimate objects, are causativized by 𘃡 wji1 (or use other transitive verbs), and indirect actions, which usually apply on animate objects, are causativized by 𗟻 phji1.
6
Kamluejirachai, Pakpinun, and Nutprapha Dennis. "A STUDY OF VERB USED IN AN ENGLISH NEWS ONLINE WEBSITE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 3 (March 31, 2016): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i3.2016.2781.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this independent study was to analyze the verbs used in an English learning website, BreakingNewsEnglish.com. The sample for the study consisted 40 news selected by simple random sampling. This case study analyzed two aspects of verb usage: transitive verb and intransitive verb. The conclusion based on the results as follows: 1) The transitive verb in the base form was used most frequently (40.41%) while present participle form was used the least frequently (6.79%). 2) The intransitive verb in the base form occurred most frequently (7.13%) whereas the verb in present participle form were used only (2.21%). In conclusion, in Breaking news used transitive verb more than intransitive verb all types, the most of percentages was transitive verb with 40.41% and the lowest percentages was intransitive verb in present participle with 2.21%. BreakingNewsEnglish.com refers to events that are currently developing and are unexpected, the base form of transitive verbs helpful instructions for users on the site are extremely basic, clear and simple instruction usually seem to be a good indication of thoughtful.
7
Li, Wenchao. "On the syntax of anticausativisation and decausativisation in Japanese and Chinese." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 5, no. 3 (April 1, 2015): 805–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v5i3.2867.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is dedicated to a comparison of transitive/intransitive verb alternation in Japanese and Chinese. Discussions are focused upon three grammatical elements: monosyllabic verbs, compound verbs and constructions. The findings reveal that the two languages share similarities in two aspects: (i). transitive and intransitive verbs share the same word form; (ii) transitive and intransitive verbs can derive from the same adjective stems. Significant distinctions are also seen between the two: anticausativisation and decausativisation in Japanese are mainly facilitated in morphological level, e.g. anticausativisation is realised through the morpheme and decausativisation is conveyed by . The morpheme can be used with both intransitive and transitive verbs. Regarding Chinese, lexical and syntax have a curial role to play in transitive/intransitive verb alternation. Decausativisation appears the most favourable strategy of the alternation. Two ways of decausativisation is observed: schema of [action + resultative state]; verb compounds (V-V). Three types of V-Vs are possible for this strategy, i.e. Predicate-Complement V-V, Modifier-Head V-V and Coordinative V-V. Among them, predicate-complement V-V has the largest token of decausativisation. Moreover, constraints on Chinese anticausativisation and decausativisation are seen. When a resultative complment predicate an internal argument, the higher the agentivity that implies manner of action, the greater the unlikelihood of anticausativisation. In decausativisation, the internal argument that accepts the change of state is limited to the ‘possessive relationship.
8
Basoeki, Olivia De Haviland, Lusia Eni Puspandari, and Rulli Saragi. "Transitive and Intransitive Sentences in Savu Language." Journal Polingua : Scientific Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Education 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/polingua.v8i1.81.
Full textAbstract:
Language is a communication tool that is seen as a channel for delivering information or messages to others. Language is expressed through sentences that composed of several words in order to form a certain meaning. To form a certain sentence which is apply in a language must follow its rules. For example, Indonesian has a main element that must exist in a sentence, namely predicate or verb. The verb forms become the basic of forming the various sentences, including in determining the types of transitive and intransitive sentences. Predicate or verb is one characteristic that determines whether the sentence is transitive or intransitive in language skills. This reason is one of the authors' interests in discussing more details about the transitive and intransitive sentences of Savu language, which is one of the local languages in the East Nusa Tenggara Province, with speakers of the Savu tribe. Transitive and intransitive sentences in Savu have the most flexible additional elements which can be accompanied by various kinds of objects and adverb. Transitive sentences have two core arguments that are broadly called actors and undergoers, as in the following sentence: (1) ana no era do due do; (2) ta ngedi ke no pidu bue moto; these two transitive sentences of Savu have two core arguments. The predicate on transitive sentences, namely: era 'having' in data (1): ngedi 'see' in data (2), with two core arguments, they are ‘ana no’ ‘his son’ 'and due do 'two people' in data (1), then, no ‘he’ and pidu bue motto ‘seven stars’ in data (2).. Whereas the intransitive sentence has no object. Then, the arrangement of functional elements is Subject + Predicate and Predicate + Subject. The following is an example of the intransitive sentence of Savu: (3) ta mari ina; (4) ro kako la rae; the intransitive sentence of Savu language indicates that they do not have objects. In data (3) ta mari 'laugh’ is the verb; ina ‘lady' is the subject. As well as in data (4) ro 'they’ is the subject, while kako la ‘go to' and rae ‘adverb of place’.
9
Jornet, Alfredo, and Wolff-Michael Roth. "Imagining design: Transitive and intransitive dimensions." Design Studies 56 (May 2018): 28–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.destud.2018.02.002.
Full text
10
Donohue, Mark. "Transitivity in Tukang Besi." Studies in Language 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 83–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.22.1.04don.
Full textAbstract:
The Tukang Besi language does not appear to display a clear distinction between transitive and intransitive clauses, as transitive verbs are freely able to appear without any overt object and degrees of intransitivity are to be found in the language. The ground between transitive and intransitive contains several points of interest in that eight different degrees of transitivity can be morphologically defined in the one language, allowing us to test the relative rankings of Hopper and Thompson's criteria for transitivity.
11
Martín Arista, Francisco Javier, and Laura Caballero González. "Arguments or macroroles? : Two functional approaches to Old English quirky case." Journal of English Studies 3 (May 29, 2002): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.80.
Full textAbstract:
After comparing two functional approaches to the question of Old English deviant accusatives, genitives and datives, this paper follows Martín Arista (2001a, b) with respect to Old English prototypical verbal constructions: the prototypical transitive construction is defined as the active accomplishment version of verbs like writan 'write', the activity implementation of creation and consumption verbs representing the less-prototypical transitive construction; the active accomplishment use of verbs such as faran 'go' characterize the prototypical intransitive construction, whereas the activity version of motion verbs define the less-prototypical intransitive construction. The conclusion is reached that quirky case is not a feature of the morphosyntax of certain intransitive verbs of state and causative state, but a characteristic of verbal constructions that, deviating from both the transitive and the intransitive prototypes, show not only case-marking irregularity but also more case-marking choices than verbs that abide by the transitive or intransitive prototype. Since marked morphosyntax -including quirky case- is considered in this paper a consequence of the non-prototypical character of argument structure, it is claimed that the relationship between canonical lexical templates and their configurations should be semantically and syntactically motivated. The Principle of Lexical Template Instantiation guarantees the suitable degree of implementation of a lexical template by stipulating that, prototypically, all the internal variables of the instantiations of lexical templates are fully specified
12
Al-Shujairi, Yasir Bdaiwi Jasim, Ahlam Muhammed, and Yazan Shaker Okla Almahammed. "Transitivity and Intransitivity in English and Arabic: A Comparative Study." International Journal of Linguistics 7, no. 6 (December 18, 2015): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v7i6.8744.
Full textAbstract:
<p>English and Arabic are two major languages which have many differences and similarities in grammar. One of the issues which is of great importance in the two languages is transitivity and intransitivity. Therefore, this study compares and contrasts transitivity and intransitivity in English and Arabic. This study reports the results of the analysis of transitivity and intransitivity in the two respective languages. The current study is a qualitative one; in nature, a descriptive study. The findings showed that English and Arabic are similar in having transitive and intransitive verbs, and in having verbs which can go transitive or intransitive according to context. By contrast Arabic is different from English in its ability to change intransitive verbs into transitive ones by applying inflections on the main verb. Additionally, Arabic is different from English in the fact that some Arabic transitive verbs can take up to three objects.</p>
13
Ustimenko, V. "On small world non-Sunada twins and cellular Voronoi diagrams." Algebra and Discrete Mathematics 30, no. 1 (2020): 118–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/adm1343.
Full textAbstract:
Special infinite families of regular graphs of unbounded degree and of bounded diameter (small world graphs) are considered. Two families of small world graphs Gi and Hi form a family of non-Sunada twins if Gi and Hi are isospectral of bounded diameter but groups Aut(Gi) and Aut(Hi) are nonisomorphic. We say that a family of non-Sunada twins is unbalanced if each Gi is edge-transitive but each Hi is edge-intransitive. If all Gi and Hi are edge-transitive we have a balanced family of small world non-Sunada twins. We say that a family of non-Sunada twins is strongly unbalanced if each Gi is edge-transitive but each Hi is edge-intransitive. We use term edge disbalanced for the family of non-Sunada twins such that all graphs Gi and Hi are edge-intransitive. We present explicit constructions of the above defined families. Two new families of distance-regular—but not distance-transitive—graphs will be introduced.
14
Izzudin Mustafa, Tubagus Kesa Purwasandy, and Isop Syafe'i. "Kata Kerja Transitif dan Intransitif dalam Bahasa Arab dan Bahasa Indonesia (Studi Linguistik Kontrastif)." Studi Arab 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35891/sa.v11i1.1891.
Full textAbstract:
This research aims to determine contrastive linguistic, transitive dan intransitive verb in arabic language and Indonesian language, and to determine similarities and differences between both of them. This research uses descriptive analytic method with contrastive linguistic approach. Subject of this research is contrastive linguistic contrastive theory and transitive and intransitive verb. Data collection technique is carried out through documentation studies, while the data analysis technique is done by selecting the data obtained, then collected for analysis and conclusions. The results of this research are the contrastive linguistic is method for analyzing language to find similarities and differences in order to find principles that can be applied practically. In Arabic and Indonesian language, transitive verb is verb that has objects and complement, while intransitive verb is verb that does not have objects and complement. The equation between the two is that both languages have one-object and two-object transitive verb, while the difference is that Indonesian has semitransitive sentence type but Arabic language does not have, Arabic language has three-object verb but Indonesian language does not have, Arabic language has different between transitive verb and preposition but Indonesian language does not have.
15
Haryani, Nia, Noviyanti Aneros, and Herniwati Herniwati. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING MEGURO LANGUAGE CENTER FLASH MEDIA IN JAPANESE INTRANSITIVE AND TRANSITIVE VERB PAIRS LEARNING (True Experimental Research for Second Grade Students of UPI’s Japanese Language Education Departement)." JAPANEDU: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengajaran Bahasa Jepang 1, no. 2 (August 26, 2016): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/japanedu.v1i2.3839.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Japanese intransitive and transitive verb pairs (jidoushi and tadoushi pairs) are still one of difficult things for Japanese language learners. Results of questionnaire mentioned that difficulties experienced by a student are distinguish between intransitive and transitive verb pairs, and use of intransitive and transitive verb pairs in Japanese sentence. Therefore, we have to use an effective media on intransitive and transitive verb pairs learning, on purpose to decrease that difficulties. The purpose of this research are (1) to know any significant difference in learners ability in intransitive and transitive verb pairs vocabulary and know how to using intransitive and transitive verb pairs in Japanese sentence before and after using Meguro language center (MLC) flash media; (2) to determine the effectiveness of using MLC flash media in intransitive and transitive verb pairs learning; (3) to determine learners response of using MLC flash media in intransitive and transitive verb pairs learning. This research use the true experiment design, and also use the test and questionnaire to get some data’s. The research object is second grade students of UPI’s Japanese language education departement of the academic year 2015/2016, and the samples are students at 4B as experimental group and students 4C as control group. From the result of data analysis obtained that value is 2,46 and value is 2,07 at 5% significance level. Because is greater than so Hk accepted. Then from normalized gain mean, experimental group gained 0,67 is approving of MLC flash media is more effective as compared with text media. In addition, analysis of questionnaire showed that student has given a positive response to application of MLC flash media. Keywords : Japanese intransitive and transitive verb pairs, jidoushi and tadoushi pairs, learning media, flash, Meguro language center Abstrak. Bagi pembelajar bahasa Jepang, jidoushi dan tadoushi berpasangan masih menjadi hal yang sulit. Hasil angket menyebutkan bahwa kesulitan yang dialami pembelajar adalah kesulitan dalam membedakan jidoushi dan tadoushi berpasangan dan kesulitan dalam penggunaan kedua verba tersebut dalam suatu kalimat. Diperlukan suatu media yang efektif dalam pembelajaran jidoushi dan tadoushi berpasangan agar kesulitan tersebut dapat dikurangi. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) untuk mengetahui adakah perbedaan yang signifikan mengenai kemampuan pembelajar dalam menguasai kosakata dan memahami penggunaan jidoushi dan tadoushi berpasangan sebelum dan sesudah proses pembelajaran menggunakan media flash Meguro language center (MLC); (2) untuk mengetahui tingkat efektivitas penggunaan media flash MLC terhadap kemampuan pembelajar dalam menguasai kosakata dan memahami penggunaan jidoushi dan tadoushi berpasangan; (3) untuk mengetahui tanggapan pembelajar terhadap penggunaan media flash MLC dalam pembelajaran jidoushi dan tadoushi berpasangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian eksperimen murni. Adapun instrumen yang digunakan, yaitu tes dan angket. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu mahasiswa tingkat II Departemen Pendidikan Bahasa Jepang UPI tahun ajaran 2015/2016 kelas 4B sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan kelas 4C sebagai kelompok kontrol yang masing-masing kelas diambil sebanyak 12 orang. Dari hasil analisis data setelah melakukan penelitian, diperoleh nilai sebesar 2,46 dan nilai 2,07 pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Karena hasil lebih besar dari maka Hk diterima. Kemudian dari nilai rata-rata normalized gain kelas eksperimen yaitu sebesar 0,67 membuktikan bahwa menggunakan media flash MLC lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan media teks. Kemudian berdasarkan pengolahan angket menunjukan bahwa pembelajar memberikan respon yang positif terhadap penggunaan media flash MLC. Kata kunci : Jidoushi dan tadoushi berpasangan, media pembelajaran, flash, Meguro language center
16
Tronci, Liana. "Aorist voice patterns in the diachrony of Greek." Journal of Greek Linguistics 18, no. 2 (November 22, 2018): 241–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15699846-01802005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper deals with the aorist voice system in NT Greek and focuses on middle-passive markers, namely middle inflection, e.g. in the middle sigmatic aorist, and affixes -η-/-θη-, in the so-called passive aorist. The research is corpus-based and investigates the occurrences of ca. 1800 verbal items. According to the grammarians, in the NT both middle and passive aorists spread. The present study confirms this observation by providing a comprehensive account of the distribution of these forms, but also shows how they have functionally reorganised. Passive aorists spread at the expense of middle aorists in all kinds of intransitive constructions, namely passive, unaccusative, and reflexive, whereas middle aorists are either found in transitive middles, e.g. possessive, benefactive etc., or occur as deponent verbs in both transitive and intransitive clauses. The parameter transitive vs intransitive appears to be relevant for this functional reorganisation.
17
Zhang, Liulin. "A Study into the Prototypicality of Chinese Labile Verbs." Cognitive Semantics 5, no. 1 (February 19, 2019): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526416-00501001.
Full textAbstract:
Trying to situate Chinese into the typology of labile verbs (verbs that may be used transitively or intransitively), this paper analyzes Chinese labile verbals under the framework of cognitive construction grammar. By exhaustively looking at labile verbals in a small corpus, it is found that as an isolating language in which causative (transitive use) or anticausative (intransitive use) is not morphologically marked, Chinese is particularly rich in labile verbals. After estimating how often several target verbals are used transitively and intransitively, two factors grounded in human cognition are revealed determining verbal lability in Chinese: change of state and spontaneity of the event. Change-of-state events give way to two competing profiling strategies, realized as a transitive construction and an intransitive construction, respectively. The degree and direction (transitive-dominated or intransitive-dominated) of verbal lability are sensitive to the likelihood of spontaneous occurrence of the event.
18
Rahmawati and Mulyadi. "Transitive Word Order in Karonese Language." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.5.16.
Full textAbstract:
The research aims to look for word-formation from suffix -i and -pe and the prefix-ken. The problem of the research was whether the suffix -i and -ken and the prefix pe- can form transitive in sentences. This study used the qualitative approach. The complex predicate data were analyzed using the agih method which is part of the language itself which becomes the determining tool. This is an appropriate method of analyzing language. This study indicates that sentence formation in the Karo language initially uses the VOS word order. At the suffix-i, the transitive word order VOS is found, the suffix -ken used the VO word order and at the prefix pe- also used the VOS word order. The suffix -i was initially used with adjectives, intransitive verbs, and nouns to form a root word in the form of a locative transitive verb (referring to a place). If suffix –ken combined with a root word which is a group of adjectives, intransitive verbs, or nouns, the meaning becomes causative, making the sufferer become/do something. The prefix pe- functions to change adjectives, intransitive verbs, and nouns into transitive verbs. The derivative form produces a causative meaning.
19
InYoung Lee. "On Intransitive/transitive verbs in Japanese(1)." Journal of Japanese Studies ll, no. 31 (March 2007): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15733/jast.2007..31.227.
Full text
20
Baldan, Paolo, and Alessandro Beggiato. "Multilevel transitive and intransitive non-interference, causally." Theoretical Computer Science 706 (January 2018): 54–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2017.10.004.
Full text
21
TOMASELLO, MICHAEL, and PATRICIA J. BROOKS. "Young children's earliest transitive and intransitive constructions." Cognitive Linguistics 9, no. 4 (January 1998): 379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cogl.1998.9.4.379.
Full text
22
Stengel, Barbara S. "Transitive/Intransitive: The Knowledge of Reflective Practice." Teaching Education 8, no. 2 (December 1996): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1047621970080206.
Full text
23
Luraghi, Silvia. "Basic valency orientation and the middle voice in Hittite." Studies in Language 36, no. 1 (May 14, 2012): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.36.1.01lur.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses basic valency orientation in Hittite, based on the typology proposed in Nichols et al. (2004). Verb pairs usually employed to test basic valency indicate the clearly transitivizing character of this language; a closer scrutiny of intransitive verbs further reveals the existence of a three-fold distinction featuring two intransitive verbs, a basic stative one (or an adjective), and an overtly marked intransitive change-of-state, in addition to a transitive counterpart overtly marked as causative. The high productivity of causative derivation is shown by the fact that morphologically marked causatives are not only derived from stative verbs, but also from telic intransitives and from transitive verbs. In the case of telic intransitive verbs, a minor pattern is also attested, whereby valency alternation is encoded through voice alternation, with intransitive forms inflected in the middle voice and transitive forms in the active. Since neither voice can be considered to be derived with respect to the other, verbs that display this behavior are indeterminate as to basic valency orientation. In spite of the limited extent to which voice indicates valency alternation, this finding becomes more significant when set into the framework of valency alternation in the early Indo-European languages, and sheds some light (or raises more questions) on the original function of the Hittite and of the Indo-European middle voice, a typologically puzzling category.
24
GRAMLICH, RALF, and HENDRIK VAN MALDEGHEM. "INTRANSITIVE GEOMETRIES." Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 93, no. 3 (October 13, 2006): 666–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024611506015851.
Full textAbstract:
A lemma of Tits establishes a connection between the simple connectivity of an incidence geometry and the universal completion of an amalgam induced by a sufficiently transitive group of automorphisms of that geometry. In the present paper, we generalize this lemma to intransitive geometries, thus opening the door for numerous applications. We treat ourselves some amalgams related to intransitive actions of finite orthogonal groups, as a first class of examples.
25
Novita, Sherly, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "PEMBENTUKAN VERBA ERGATIF DALAM BAHASA HOKKIEN: KAJIAN MORFOSINTAKSIS." Linguistika: Buletin Ilmiah Program Magister Linguistik Universitas Udayana 26, no. 1 (September 30, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ling.2019.v26.i01.p02.
Full textAbstract:
This article is discussing about the formation of ergative verb in Hokkien. A language can be called as ergative if the patient (P) of the transitive verb is treated equally or conferential with the subject (S) in the intransitive clause and is different from the agent (A) of the transitive verb. Ergative verb treats P equally with S. It is usually no indication for both. Accusative sentence is a sentence which has a system where A is equal with S and is different with P. However, active sentence is a type of sentence which shows a group of S which are acting the same with P and a group of S which are acting the same with A in a language.
In Hokkien, most verbs can be used intransitively, but usually this does not change the subject’s role. For example, “? c?ak m?en pau” (He eats bread) (transitive) and “? c?ak” (He eats) (intransitive), where the only difference is that the latter does not determine what is eaten. By contrast, with ergative verbs, the subject’s role changes; such as “Jack ph?? phua pua” (Jack broke the plate) (transitive) dan “pua phua” (the broken plate) (intransitive).
26
Bögels, Sara, Herbert Schriefers, Wietske Vonk, Dorothee J. Chwilla, and Roel Kerkhofs. "The Interplay between Prosody and Syntax in Sentence Processing: The Case of Subject- and Object-control Verbs." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 5 (May 2010): 1036–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21269.
Full textAbstract:
This study addresses the question whether prosodic information can affect the choice for a syntactic analysis in auditory sentence processing. We manipulated the prosody (in the form of a prosodic break; PB) of locally ambiguous Dutch sentences to favor one of two interpretations. The experimental items contained two different types of so-called control verbs (subject and object control) in the matrix clause and were syntactically disambiguated by a transitive or by an intransitive verb. In Experiment 1, we established the default off-line preference of the items for a transitive or an intransitive disambiguating verb with a visual and an auditory fragment completion test. The results suggested that subject- and object-control verbs differently affect the syntactic structure that listeners expect. In Experiment 2, we investigated these two types of verbs separately in an on-line ERP study. Consistent with the literature, the PB elicited a closure positive shift. Furthermore, in subject-control items, an N400 effect for intransitive relative to transitive disambiguating verbs was found, both for sentences with and for sentences without a PB. This result suggests that the default preference for subject-control verbs goes in the same direction as the effect of the PB. In object-control items, an N400 effect for intransitive relative to transitive disambiguating verbs was found for sentences with a PB but no effect in the absence of a PB. This indicates that a PB can affect the syntactic analysis that listeners pursue.
27
Fernández, Beatriz, Fernando Zúñiga, and Ane Berro. "Datives with psych nouns and adjectives in Basque." Folia Linguistica 54, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 647–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2020-2050.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper explores the formal expression of two Basque dative argument types in combination with psych nouns and adjectives, in intransitive and transitive clauses: (i) those that express the experiencer, and (ii) those that express the stimulus of the psychological state denoted by the psych noun and adjective. In the intransitive structure involving a dative experiencer (DatExpIS), the stimulus is in the absolutive case, and the intransitive copula izan ‘be’ shows both dative and absolutive agreement. This construction basically corresponds to those built upon the piacere type of psychological verbs typified in (Belletti, Adriana & Luigi Rizzi. 1988. Psych-verbs and θ-theory. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 6. 291–352) three-way classification of Italian psych verbs. In the intransitive structure involving a dative stimulus (DatStimIS), the experiencer is marked by absolutive case, and the same intransitive copula shows both absolutive and dative agreement (with the latter corresponding to the dative stimulus and not to the experiencer). We show that the behavior of the dative argument in the two constructions is just the opposite of each other regarding a number of morphosyntactic tests, including agreement, constituency, hierarchy and selection. Additionally, we explore two parallel transitive constructions that involve either a dative experiencer and an ergative stimulus (DatExpTS) or a dative stimulus and an ergative experiencer (DatStimTS), which employ the transitive copula *edun ‘have’. Considering these configurations, we propose an extended and more fine-grained typology of psych predicates.
28
BROOKS, PATRICIA J., and OTTO ZIZAK. "Does preemption help children learn verb transitivity?" Journal of Child Language 29, no. 4 (November 2002): 759–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000902005287.
Full textAbstract:
Children's acquisition of the transitivity status of novel verbs was examined to test whether preemption helps children learn to avoid non-conventional uses of verbs. Given that many English verbs alternate between transitive and intransitive usage (e.g. break, roll), how do children learn the fixed transitive status of verbs such as hit or the fixed intransitive status of verbs such as fall? 48 four-year-olds and 48 six- and seven-year-olds learned two novel verbs, with one verb modelled as transitive and the other as intransitive. Exposure conditions varied the occurrence and type of preemptive evidence potentially facilitating learning of the verbs' transitivity status. In comparison to a No Preemption group, only six- to seven-year-olds exposed to novel verbs in alternative constructions (that allowed them to talk about the actions from the perspective of the agent or patient without changing the verbs' assigned transitivity) produced fewer utterances violating the verbs' fixed transitivity. The results identify limits in children's usage of indirect negative evidence in acquiring verb argument structure constructions.
29
Schönhof-Wilkans, Agnieszka. "On the question of transitive and intransitive verbs in Swahili." Lingua Posnaniensis 54, no. 1 (October 1, 2012): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10122-012-0008-y.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Agnieszka Schönhof-Wilkans. On the Question of Transitive and Intransitive Verbs in Swahili. Lingua Posnaniensis, vol. L IV (1)/2012. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences. PL ISSN 0079-4740, ISBN 978-83-7654-103-7, pp. 89-97. Swahili does not always make a clear distinction between transitive and intransitive verbs. The question seems to be complicated by the elaborate voice system of this agglutinative language. Subcategories of the Swahili verb such as stative, reciprocal, reflexive, causative, applicative and passive are marked by appropriate affixes. Swahili also applies infixes to signify objects within transitive verbs. Although modern Swahili dictionaries include information about verbal transitivity (TUK I 2001, 2004), it is far from complete. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the problem of transitive and intransitive verbs in Swahili taking into consideration some of the verbal categories, with particular emphasis on the relation of the category of voice to the category of transitivity. The current state of research on the category of transitivity in Swahili will be briefly presented. The material for the analysis has been obtained from various sources, such as Swahili grammars and dictionaries, Tanzanian newspapers and websites, as well as the author’s own field notes.
30
Papadourakis, Vassilis, and Vassilis Raos. "Evidence for the representation of movement kinematics in the discharge of F5 mirror neurons during the observation of transitive and intransitive actions." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 6 (December 1, 2017): 3215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00816.2016.
Full textAbstract:
Mirror neurons (MirNs) are sensorimotor neurons that fire both when an animal performs a goal-directed action and when the same animal observes another agent performing the same or a similar transitive action. It has been claimed that the observation of intransitive actions does not activate MirNs in a monkey’s brain. Prompted by recent evidence indicating that the discharge of MirNs is modulated also by non-object-directed actions, we investigated thoroughly the efficacy of intransitive actions to trigger MirNs’ discharge. Using representational similarity analysis, we also studied whether the elements constituting the visual scene presented to the monkey during the observation of actions (both transitive and intransitive) are represented in the discharge of MirNs. For this purpose, the moving hand was modeled by its kinematics and the object by features of its geometry. We found that MirNs respond to the observation of both transitive and intransitive actions and that the discharge differences evoked by the observation of object- and non-object-directed actions are correlated more with the kinematic differences of these actions than with the differences of the objects’ features. These findings support the view that observed action kinematics contribute to action mirroring. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Mirror neurons in the monkey brain are thought to respond exclusively to the observation of object-directed actions. Here, we show that mirror neurons also respond to the observation of intransitive actions and that the kinematics of the observed movements are represented in their discharge. This finding supports the view that mirror neurons provide also a kinematics-based representation of actions.
31
Yani, La, Ketut Artawa, Made Sri Satyawati, and I. Nyoman Udayana. "Verbal Clause Construction of Ciacia Language: Syntactic Typology Study." e-Journal of Linguistics 13, no. 2 (May 31, 2019): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/e-jl.2019.v13.i02.p05.
Full textAbstract:
Typology study of Ciacia language (CL) in various linguistic aspects has not been conducted yet. It is the first study that focus on syntactic typology. Ciacia language is one of local languages in Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The study focuses on five main problems, they are (1) How is the base construction of verbal clause in CL? (2) How are the predicate and structure argument constructions of verbal clause in CL, (3) How are the simple predicate and complex predicate constructions of verbal clause in CL? (4) How are valency and valency change mechanism of verbal clause construction in CL? (5) How are complex sentence construction and grammatical alliance system?. The oral data of this study is obtained through recording and elicitation techniques. Written data is obtained through the previous studies. The study also used synthetic data which is verrified by the informants. The data was analyzed by apportion (distributional) method.
The investigation of clause base construction shows that verbal clause construction of Ciacia language is always filled by subject and aspect markers (PS/A) that is affixed to PRED verb. Base structure of verbal clause in CL consists of verbal predicated clause and non-verbal predicated clause. Non-verbal predicated clause can be constructed through base nominal and adjective categories. Verbal clause predicate can be filled by intransitive base verb, mono transitive base verb, ditransitive base verb, and ambi-transitive base verb.
Predication and argument structure of verbal clause construction in CL can be classified in to verbal clause: (i) intransitive with one main argument in terms of SUBJ and as A or OBJ systematically; (ii) semi-transitive with one main argument as A/ACT and with the presence of OBJ argument optionally; (iii) mono-transitive with two main arguments, namely SUBJ as A/ACT with one OBJ argument as UND, (iv) ditransitive with three main arguments, namely SUBJ as A/ACT before PRED and two arguments after PRED, in terms of OTL (indirect object) and OL (direct object); and (v) ambi-transitive with one main argument, namely SUBJ, either as Sa or as So.
Valency and transitivity of verbal clause construction in CL consists of (i) valency and intransitive verb transitivity with one argument or verb with one valency; (ii) semi-transitive verb with one argument before verb and the presence of argument after Pred verb optionally; (iii) transitive with the obligatory of O presence after Pred verb, so it has two main arguments or verb that has two valency arguments, namely S and O; (iv) ditransitive with three main arguments or verb that has three valency arguments; (v) ambi-transitive with only one argument or verb that has one valency.
Verbal clause construction in CL can be filled by simple Pred verb and complex Pred verb. Simple predicate is created by base verb/intransitive verb and non-verb category, semi-transitive verb, and transitive verb with PS/A. Complex predicate is created through verb (i) intransitive; (ii) semi-transitive verb; and (iii) transitive integral verb. The valency change mechanism of verbal clause construction in CL can be done through formal causativation and semantic causativation, applicative, and resultative.
32
Gerdts, Donna B., and Thomas E. Hukari. "A Closer Look at Salish Intransitive/Transitive Alternations." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 32, no. 1 (October 17, 2006): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v32i1.3449.
Full text
33
TUFTO, JARLE, ERLING JOHAN SOLBERG, and THOR-HARALD RINGSBY. "Statistical models of transitive and intransitive dominance structures." Animal Behaviour 55, no. 6 (June 1998): 1489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.0755.
Full text
34
Makowski, Marcin, and Edward W. Piotrowski. "Decisions in elections—transitive or intransitive quantum preferences." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 44, no. 21 (April 27, 2011): 215303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/44/21/215303.
Full text
35
Klimenko, A. Y. "Complex competitive systems and competitive thermodynamics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371, no. 1982 (January 13, 2013): 20120244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2012.0244.
Full textAbstract:
This publication reviews the framework of abstract competition, which is aimed at studying complex systems with competition in their generic form. Although the concept of abstract competition has been derived from a specific field—modelling of mixing in turbulent reacting flows—this concept is, generally, not attached to a specific phenomenon or application. Two classes of competition rules, transitive and intransitive, need to be distinguished. Transitive competitions are shown to be consistent (at least qualitatively) with thermodynamic principles, which allows for introduction of special competitive thermodynamics. Competitive systems can thus be characterized by thermodynamic quantities (such as competitive entropy and competitive potential), which determine that the predominant direction of evolution of the system is directed towards higher competitiveness. There is, however, an important difference: while conventional thermodynamics is constrained by its zeroth law and is fundamentally transitive, the transitivity of competitive thermodynamics depends on the transitivity of the competition rules. The analogy with conventional thermodynamics weakens as competitive systems become more intransitive, while strongly intransitive competitions can display types of behaviour associated with complexity: competitive cooperation and leaping cycles. Results of simulations demonstrating complex behaviour in abstract competitions are presented in the electronic supplementary material.
36
Carmo, Joana C., Raffaella I. Rumiati, Roma Siugzdaite, and Paolo Brambilla. "Preserved Imitation of Known Gestures in Children with High-Functioning Autism." ISRN Neurology 2013 (August 25, 2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/751516.
Full textAbstract:
It has been suggested that children with autism are particularly deficient at imitating novel gestures or gestures without goals. In the present study, we asked high-functioning autistic children and age-matched typically developing children to imitate several types of gestures that could be either already known or novel to them. Known gestures either conveyed a communicative meaning (i.e., intransitive) or involved the use of objects (i.e., transitive). We observed a significant interaction between gesture type and group of participants, with children with autism performing known gestures better than novel gestures. However, imitation of intransitive and transitive gestures did not differ across groups. These findings are discussed in light of a dual-route model for action imitation.
37
Li, Wenchao. "Subjectivity in Japanese: A Corpus-Linguistic Study." International Journal of English Linguistics 9, no. 5 (August 26, 2019): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v9n5p202.
Full textAbstract:
This paper provides a corpus-linguistic study on subjectivity in Japanese, in an effort to arrive at how subjectivity, transitivity and grammaticalisation are related. 899 lexicons from nine grammatical categories (suffixes and prefixes, adjectives, particles, auxiliaries, nouns, adnominals, adverbs, and transitive/intransitive verb pairs) are examined. The findings reveal that Japanese is a subjective/objective-split language, and that subjectivity in affixes is facilitated by phonology: voiced/voiceless consonant alternation. The data also show that consonant-voiced prefixes and suffixes yield a subjective reading, while consonant-voiceless prefixes and suffixes render an objective meaning. Split subjectivity in adjectives is realised by morphology: しい-ending adjectives tend to be subjective, while い-ending adjectives are mostly objective. The differentiation of subjectivity in adjectives is further tied to the constraints on personal pronoun and verbalisation possibilities. Intriguingly, objective/subjective readings of しい-ending adjectives andい-ending adjectives are switchable. Furthermore, among transitive/intransitive verb pairs, intransitive verbs are likely to get grammaticalised, while transitive verbs are likely to be lexicalised and thus render a subjective reading. This is confirmed by change-of-state verbs and motion verbs. This paper therefore puts forward the hypothesis that the interrelationship of grammaticalisation and lexicalisation is orthogonal.
38
Friedman, Alex. "Intransitive Ethics." Journal of Moral Philosophy 6, no. 3 (2009): 277–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174552409x433391.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article addresses the question of whether the relation of moral preference is transitive. I argue, following Larry Temkin and Stuart Rachels, that any ethical theory complex enough to be even minimally plausible allows us to generate intransitive sets of preferences. Even act utilitarianism cannot avoid this predicament unless we accept its least plausible version. We must reevaluate the assumption that an ethical theory must be transitive in order to be rational. This problem amounts to a foundational crisis in ethics. However, it has not been taken seriously for two reasons—the belief that the problem has limited scope; and the claim that arguments against transitivity are 'merely' Sorites arguments. This article responds to both of these objections. I also point out some connections between intransitivity and the debate surrounding skepticism about the moral significance of numbers.
39
Lyutikova, Ekaterina A., and Andrei V. Sideltsev. "Active Participles in Hittite." Altorientalische Forschungen 48, no. 1 (June 8, 2021): 102–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aofo-2021-0007.
Full text
40
Lüpke, Friederike. "It’s a split, but is it unaccusativity?" Studies in Language 31, no. 3 (June 14, 2007): 525–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.31.3.02lup.
Full textAbstract:
Jalonke, a Mande language of Guinea, exhibits a formal split of intransitive verbs with respect to the possessive construction in which they appear. Whenever the single argument of a nominalized intransitive verb is linked to the possessor of the nominalized verb, an inalienable possessive construction is used with some verbs, and an alienable possessive construction with others. The inalienable possessive construction is also used for nominalized transitive verbs when possessed by their object participants, while the alienable possessive construction is used for transitive verbs possessed by their subject participants. Although synchronically not fully productive, this split points towards a diachronic explanation in terms of unaccusativity. It can be explained, however, without recurrence to different initial grammatical relations, but by relying on semantic differences only.
41
Coon, Jessica, Pedro Mateo Pedro, and Omer Preminger. "The role of case in A-bar extraction asymmetries." Linguistic Variation 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 179–242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.14.2.01coo.
Full textAbstract:
Many morphologically ergative languages display asymmetries in the extraction of core arguments: while absolutive arguments (transitive objects and intransitive subjects) extract freely, ergative arguments (transitive subjects) cannot. This falls under the label “syntactic ergativity” (see, e.g. Dixon 1972, 1994; Manning 1996; Polinsky to appear(b)). These extraction asymmetries are found in many languages of the Mayan family, where in order to extract transitive subjects (for focus, questions, or relativization), a special construction known as the “Agent Focus” (AF) must be used. These AF constructions have been described as syntactically and semantically transitive because they contain two non-oblique DP arguments, but morphologically intransitive because the verb appears with only a single agreement marker and takes an intransitive status suffix (Aissen 1999; Stiebels 2006). In this paper we offer a proposal for (i) why some morphologically ergative languages exhibit extraction asymmetries, while others do not; and (ii) how the AF construction in Q’anjob’al circumvents this problem. We adopt recent accounts which argue that ergative languages vary in the locus of absolutive case assignment (Aldridge 2004, 2008a; Legate 2002, 2008), and propose that this variation is present within the Mayan family. Based primarily on comparative data from Q’anjob’al and Chol, we argue that the inability to extract ergative arguments does not reflect a problem with properties of the ergative subject itself, but rather reflects locality properties of absolutive case assignment in the clause. We show how the AF morpheme -on circumvents this problem in Q’anjob’al by assigning case to internal arguments.
42
Butler, David, and Pavlo Blavatskyy. "The voting paradox … with a single voter? Implications for transitivity in choice under risk." Economics and Philosophy 36, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026626711900004x.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe voting paradox occurs when a democratic society seeking to aggregate individual preferences into a social preference reaches an intransitive ordering. However it is not widely known that the paradox may also manifest for an individual aggregating over attributes of risky objects to form a preference over those objects. When this occurs, the relation ‘stochastically greater than’ is not always transitive and so transitivity need not hold between those objects. We discuss the impact of other decision paradoxes to address a series of philosophical and economic arguments against intransitive (cyclical) choice, before concluding that intransitive choices can be justified.
43
Evenddy, Sutrisno Sadji, Welliam Hamer, Dhafid Wahyu Utomo, and Hayun Hamdalah. "An Analysis of Phrasal Verbs in Subtitles of Sherlock – A Study in Pink." Journal of English Education Studies 3, no. 1 (May 17, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30653/005.202031.51.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this research is to describe the types and semantic distinctions of phrasal verb found in subtitles of TV-Series: Sherlock – A Study in Pink. The researchers used content analysis as research method and coding to collect data. The data sources of this research are phrasal verbs in subtitles of TV-Series: Sherlock A Study in Pink. This research used 3 steps in analyzing the data; data condensation, data display, drawing and verifying conclusions. Further, the researcher used investigator triangulation to verify and validate the data. As a result, there are 3 types of phrasal verbs found :intransitive, transitive-separable, and transitive-inseparable phrasal verbs. There are 30 data classified into intransitive phrasal verb, 23 data classified into transitive-separable phrasal verbs, and 5 data classified into transitive-inseparable phrasal verbs. The last, based on the analysis of semantic distinctions of phrasal verbs, it is found that there are 3 semantic distinctions of phrasal verbs, those are free idiomatic, semi idiomatic, and highly idiomatic phrasal verbs. There are 13 data classified into free idiomatic phrasal verbs, 22 data classified into semi idiomatic phrasal verbs, and 23 data classified into highly idiomatic phrasal verbs.
44
Luk, Zoe Pei-sui. "Investigating the transitive and intransitive constructions in English and Japanese." Studies in Language 38, no. 4 (December 8, 2014): 752–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.38.4.04luk.
Full textAbstract:
Previous research has suggested that languages differ in terms of how much prominence is given to the agent. Namely, English prefers to give prominence to a human agent, whereas Japanese prefers to suppress the human agent and express events as if they happen spontaneously (e.g., Ikegami 1981). By using a Japanese novel and its English translation as a parallel corpus, this paper shows quantitatively that Japanese uses more intransitive constructions than English. Using Hopper & Thompson’s (1980) parameters to measure semantic transitivity, this paper also shows that the difference in intransitive constructions was only observed in low semantic transitivity events, whereas both languages exhibit similar trends for high semantic transitivity events. An analysis under the framework of Construction Grammar suggests that the Japanese intransitive construction covers a space in a semantic map which would be occupied by the transitive and adjectival constructions in English.
45
Park, hye-sung. "The Intransitive-Transitive (In)correspondence between Aku and Akeru." Journal of Japanese Studies 54 (May 31, 2018): 461–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18841/2018.54.20.
Full text
46
Baddeley, Robert W., Cheryl E. Praeger, and Csaba Schneider. "Intransitive Cartesian decompositions preserved by innately transitive permutation groups." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 360, no. 02 (February 1, 2008): 743–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-07-04223-7.
Full text
47
Króliczak, Gregory. "Representations of Transitive and Intransitive Gestures: Perception and Imitation." Journal of Neuroscience and Neuroengineering 2, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnsne.2013.1050.
Full text
48
Carmo, Joana C., and Raffaella I. Rumiati. "Imitation of transitive and intransitive actions in healthy individuals." Brain and Cognition 69, no. 3 (April 2009): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2008.09.007.
Full text
49
Cenko, Enila. "The Early Acquisition of Verb Constructions in Albanian: Evidence from Children’s Verb Use in Experimental Contexts." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/ajis.2017.v6n1p87.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract One of the wonders of human development is children’s symbolic capacity to generate language that goes beyond the input received. The present study examines this developmental process with special focus on language typological factors. More specifically, it examines 2-and 3-year-old Albanian-speaking children’s ability to acquire transitive and intransitive constructions in an experimental context. Thirty 2- and 3-year old Albanian-speaking children divided into two age cohorts were trained and then tested using an elicited production task based on the novel verb paradigm. Findings reveal that Albanian-speaking children are precocious in their productivity with transitive and intransitive verb constructions. In contrast to much prior research on English-speaking children, results revealed that most Albanian-speaking children were able to productively use familiar and novel verbs in both transitive and intransitive constructions, regardless of age and whether they heard the novel verbs modeled in verb constructions tested. It is argued that languages with explicit markings for agent- patient relations facilitate an earlier onset of productivity than word-order languages like English. Additionally, results suggest that children’s capacity to diversely use familiar verbs affects the developmental process of acquiring new verbs including those used in novel verb experiments. Discussion focuses on the importance of using naturalistic experimental designs to construct a more comprehensive view of the process by which children acquire verb constructions and also considers the implications of the cross-linguistic findings for developmental theories of language acquisition.
50
Nam, Han Yong. "Zur koreanischen Entsprechung für deutsche deverbale Substantivgruppen." Lebende Sprachen 63, no. 2 (October 8, 2018): 430–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/les-2018-0024.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper deals with the morphological, syntactic and semantic features of the German deverbal noun phrases. It also examines important aspects to be considered for the correct choice of the Korean equivalents for the German deverbal noun phrases. The focus was on the semantic relationships between the head word and the dependent word in the noun phrases derived from transitive verbs, case-governing intransitive verbs and intransitive verbs without case-governing, and the method of finding equivalents in Korean language.