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Kartika, Diana. "PERBANDINGAN VERBATRANSITIF DAN INTRANSITIFBAHASA INDONESIA DAN BAHASAJEPANG: TINJAUAN ANALISIS KONTRASTIF." Jurnal KATA 1, no. 1 (2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jk.v1i1.1721.
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<p>This study focus on differences grammatical between transitive and intransitif verb forms Indonesian and Japanese that analyzed by comparing it. This study used contrastive analysis, of all the elements lingual, in this research the object of this study is the morphological form of transitive and intransitif verbs in Indonesian and Japanese. After analysed with contrastive how the shape of transitive and intransitif verbs from both languages, then concluded as the final result of this study. The results of this study show that, (1) transitive verbs in Japanese need the object in the sentence and intransitif verbs in Japanese doesn’t need the object in a sentence. Then, Indonesian transitive verbs are verbs that require object. (2) The transitive verb in Japanese is patterned (subject) wa / ga (object) o (transitive verb-tadoushi). Then, the intransitif verb in Japanese patterned (subject) ga (intransitif verb-jidoushi). In Indonesian sentence patterns transitive and intransitif verbs S + P, which distinguishes the two verbs that are on each object. (3) in Japanese transitive and intransitif verbs have endings as markers of each verb. Namely: a) -aru (tran), -eru (intran), b) -aru (intran), u (tran), c) -reru (intra), -sU (tran), d) -reru (intra- ), -ru (tran), e) - arareru (intran), u (trans), f) -ru (intran), -sU (tran), g) -eru (intran), -asu (tran), h) -u (intran), -asu (tran), i) -iru (intra), -osu (tran), and j) -u (intran), -eru (tran). While in Indonesian for a transitive verb is marked with the suffix Me-, memper-, memper-kan, me-i, memper-I, me-kan and verba intransitif marked by basic verbs, and suffix ber-, ber-kan, ter-, ke-an.</p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini berfokus terhadap perbedaan gramatikal bentuk verba transitif dan intransitif bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jepang yang dianalisis dengan cara membandingkan bentuk verba transitif dan intransitif bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jepang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kontrastif, dari semua unsur lingual kajian linguistic dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi objek kajian adalah morfologi bentuk verba transitif dan intransitif dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jepang. Setelah dikontrastifkan bagaimana bentuk verba transitif dan verba intransitif dari kedua bahasa tersebut kemudian ditarik kesimpulan sebagai hasil akhir dari penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa, (1) verba transitif dalam bahasa Jepang memerlukan objek penderita pada kalimat tersebut dan verba intransitif dalam bahasa Jepang tidak perlu objek penderita dalam sebuah kalimat. Sedangkan verba transitif dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah verba yang membutuhkan objek. (2) Verba transitif dalam bahasa Jepang ini berpola (subjek) wa/ga (objek) o (kata kerja transitif-tadoushi). Sedangkan verba intransitif dalam bahasa Jepang berpola (subyek) ga (kata kerja intransitif-jidoushi). Sedangkan dalam bahasa Indonesia pola kalimat verba transitif dan intransitif S+P, yang membedakan dari kedua verba tersebut hanyalah pada objek masing-masing. (3) dalam bahasa Jepang verba transitif dan intransitif memiliki akhiran sebagai penanda masing-masing verba. Yaitu:a) -aru (tran), -eru (intran), b) –aru (intran), -u (tran), c) –reru (intra), -su (tran), d) –reru (intra), -ru (tran), e) – arareru (intran), -u (trans), f) –ru (intran), -su (tran), g) –eru (intran), -asu (tran), h) –u (intran), -asu (tran), i) –iru (intra), -osu (tran), dan j) –u (intran), -eru (tran). Sedangkan dalam bahasa Indonesia untuk verba transitif ditandai dengan imbuhan Me-, memper-, memper-kan, me-i, memper-I, me-kan dan verba intransitif ditandai dengan Verba dasar, dan imbuhan ber-, ber-kan, ter-, ke-an.</p><p> </p>
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Mycellia Cempaka Mz, Mulyadi, and Dardanila. "Konstruksi Kausatif dalam Bahasa Gayo." Talenta Conference Series: Local Wisdom, Social, and Arts (LWSA) 3, no. 3 (2020): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/lwsa.v3i2.893.
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Artikel ini bertujuan guna meneliti dan mendiskripsikan kontruksi kausatif bahasa dalam Gayo. Pada awalnya dideskripsikan kausatif dalam bahasa Gayo dan disesuaikan berdasarkan makna pada Bahasa Indonesia dan akan diuraikan berdasarkan fungsi sintaksis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan metode lapangan mencakup elisitasi secara langsung, perekaman, wawancara dengan ketua adat serta orang tertua didesa tersebut dan pengecekan elisitasi. Lebih lanjut, instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah daftar tanyaan. Menggunakan konsep Penguasaan serta Pengikatan guna memperjelas perilalu verba dan tipe konstruksi kausatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam membentuk konstruksi kausatif verba intransitive sehingga menjadi verba transitif, dua jenis verba lain (transitif dan ditransitif tidak berubah kategorinya. konstruksi kausatif terdiri atas monoklausa dan biklausa. Kausatif monoklausa dibentuk verba intransitif dan verba transitif' berobjek refleksif dan bermakna tindakan, kausatif biklausa dibentuk verba transitif dan ditransitif.
 This article aims to research and describe the causative construction of language in Gayo. Initially, it was described as causative in Gayo and adjusted based on the meaning in Indonesian and will be described based on syntactic functions. This research uses a descriptive method. The research data were obtained by field methods including direct elicitation, recording, interviews with traditional leaders and the oldest people in the village and checking elicitation. Furthermore, the instrument used in this study was a list of questions. Uses the concepts of Mastery and Binding to clarify verb behavior and types of causative constructs. The results showed that in forming the causative construction of intransitive verbs so that they became transitive verbs, two other types of verbs (transitive and transitive did not change their categories. Causative constructs consisted of monoclauses and biclauses. Monoclausal causative forms were intransitive verbs and transitive verbs "were reflexive and meaningful in action. causative biklausa is formed by transitive and transitive verbs.
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Sembiring, Sura Isnainy, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "Verba Transitif dan Objek Dapat Lesap dalam Bahasa Karo (Transitive Verb and Deletable Object in Karo Language)." Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan, dan Budaya 9, no. 1 (2020): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/lensa.9.1.2019.46-60.
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Penelitian ini berfokus kepada objek dapat lesap di dalam verba transitif bahasa Karo yang dianalisis dengan cara menganalisis kalimat atau klausa yang ber-objek dapat lesap yang terjadi dikarenakan objek sudah di tulis dalam konteks sebelumnya, dan verba transitif yang menyatakan perasaan yang berafiks me-ken dengan berbentuk dasar adjektiva/ keadaan, verba subtipe pertama memiliki ciri dapat disertai O dan dapat dipasifkan. Pengumpulan data melalui metode tahap pengumpulan data, analisis data, dan generalisasi secara induktif. Data yang didapat dianalisis menggunakan teknik lesap menurut Sudaryanto. Temuan menunjukkan verba transitif dalam bahasa karo berafiks er-, me-, er-ken, me-kan, memper-I, dan fungsi O dituntut hadir dalam klausa yang fungsi P-nya di isi oleh verba polimorfemik dan di bahasa Karo tidak semua verba berprefiks adanya suatu peluluhan, ataupun pelesapan morfemis.Kata kunci: verba transitif, objek dapat lesap, bahasa KaroABSTRACTThis research focuses on objects that can be absorbed in the transitive verbs of Karo language analyzed by analyzing sentences or clauses that have objects that can occur due to objects that have been written in the previous context, and transitive verbs that express feelings that are me-ken with form base of adjectives / states, the first subtype verb has a characteristic can be accompanied by O and can be passivated. Data collection through the method of data collection, data analysis, and inductive generalization. The data obtained were analyzed using removal techniques according to Sudaryanto. The findings show that the transitive verbs in karo language have er-, m, er-ken, me-me, make-I, and O functions are required to be present in clauses whose P functions are filled with polymorphic verbs and not all verbs in Karo reflex the presence of an elimination, or the morphemic removal.
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Indrawati, Ni Luh Ketut Mas, and Ida Ayu Made Puspani. "THE SYNTACTIC BEHAVIOUR OF THE SECOND VERB (V2) IN BALINESE SERIAL VERBS." Linguistik Indonesia 40, no. 2 (2022): 305–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/li.v40i2.317.
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The title of this study is the syntactic behavior of the second verb (V2) in the Balinese serial verbs and it aims at investigating the types of verbs composing the Balinese serial verbs and analyzing the syntactic behavior of the V2. The theory applied in identifying the Balinese serial verbs is the theory of typology by Van Staden and Ger Reesink (Senft, ed., 2008), and the theory of complement and adjunct by Kroeger (2005) is used in analyzing the syntactic behavior of the V2. This research is classified as a descriptive-qualitative study. The data supporting the analysis was collected from written Balinese texts in the Balinese short stories. The result of the analysis showed that the Balinese serial verbs were formed by V1 stative-V2 intransitive, V1 intransitive -V2 stative, V1 intransitive -V2 transitive active, V1 active transitive -V2 active-transitive, or stative or intransitive, passive-active-transitive, active transitive-passive, passive-passive. Syntactically the V2 could be either complement or an adjunct of the V1.
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Murphy, AJ, Stanley Dubinsky, and Mark Beck. "Semantic and syntactic demarcations of Classical Greek object cases: An object(ive) study." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 5, no. 1 (2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v5i1.4690.
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In Classical Greek, many verbs take direct objects marked with genitive (GEN) or dative (DAT), rather than accusative (ACC) case. Traditional grammars (Smyth 1956, Boas et al. 2019) fail to offer principled descriptions or accounts of the distribution of ACC, GEN, DAT object case for transitive verbs. This paper analyzes a corpus involving case-assigning transitive verbs, and examines Luraghi’s 2010 Transitivity Hierarchy in this context. We find that, while her ranking of verbs’ transitivity is correct, the features used to determine the hierarchy are not. Our study demonstrates a highly significant correlation between a verb’s level of transitivity (as indicated by the case marking on its object) and the Proto-role Properties of Change of State and subject Volitionality (Dowty 1991).
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Lim, Khai-in. "Causatives and causativation in Tangut language." International Journal of Chinese Linguistics 6, no. 2 (2019): 238–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijchl.18010.lim.
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Abstract This paper focuses on the causative verb 𘃡 wji1 and 𗟻 phji1 in the Tangut language. Causatives can be subcategorized as adversity causatives, transitive verbs (lexical causatives of intransitive verbs), analytic causatives of intransitive verbs, and causatives of transitive verbs. I argue that adversity causatives are expressed by 𘃡 wji1, while 𗟻 phji1 serves as the verb marking causatives of transitive verbs. Causatives of intransitive verbs can be divided according the directness of the action: direct actions, which often apply on inanimate objects, are causativized by 𘃡 wji1 (or use other transitive verbs), and indirect actions, which usually apply on animate objects, are causativized by 𗟻 phji1.
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Arunachalam, Sudha, and Sandra R. Waxman. "Fast mapping from argument structure alone." LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts 2 (July 6, 2011): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.542.
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Parents often utter verbs when their referents are not co-present. We therefore ask whether toddlers can discover a verb’s meaning from its argument structure alone. Toddlers (21-months) heard a novel verb in either transitive or intransitive sentences. They then viewed two test scenes, a causative and a synchronous event, and heard, “Find dacking!” Within 2.5s of the novel verb’s onset, toddlers who had heard transitive sentences reliably preferred the causative scene. The results (1) indicate that 21-month-olds discover verb meaning using argument structure cues, even absent a co-occurring event, and (2) establish the time-course with which 21-month-olds process novel verbs.
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Maharani Santika, I. Dewa Ayu Devi, I. Gusti Vina Widiadnya Putri, and Ni Wayan Suastini. "TRANSLATION OF PHRASAL VERBS INTO INDONESIAN." Lingual: Journal of Language and Culture 4, no. 2 (2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ljlc.2017.v04.i02.p03.
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This study has two aims, those are to analyze: (1) the classification of phrasal verbs found in a short story and the classification of their translations in Indonesian done by some English teachers from some primary schools in Denpasar, and (2) how the meaning of phrasal verbs in SL help to determine their equivalents in TL. The classification and the meaning of phrasal verbs are proposed by McArthur and Atkins (1975). Based on the analysis there were three categories of 34 phrasal verbs found in the data source, those are: intransitive verbs, transitive separable verbs, and transitive fusedverbs. The results found that most of the phrasal verbs are included into transitive separable verbs and from the three categories of phrasal verbs; they were translated mostly into transitive verbs. Meanwhile, the meanings of phrasal verbs in SL determine the suitable equivalents for the phrasal verbs in TL since there were variants equivalents given in the translations.Keywords: Phrasal verbs, Translation, Words meaning
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Laksanti, I. Desak Ketut Titis Ary. "Verba Berafiks Me(N)— dan Ber— dalam Bahasa Indonesia: Perbedaan Perilaku Sintaksis dan Derivasinya." Deskripsi Bahasa 6, no. 2 (2023): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/db.v6i2.9903.
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This research deals with differences syntactic character and its derivation between me(N)— and ber— verbs affixed in Indonesian language since many problems often appear when teaching Indonesian language grammar to foreigners. The data in this research was generated from the researcher's intuition as a native Indonesian speaker using a reflective-introspective method. Such method and technique are used to ease the data collection and their grammatical testing. The data are analyzed using distributional method and followed by substitution and paraphrase technique. These technique and method are used because their implementation exploiting internal linguistic elements. The research results show that me(N)— affixed verbs can form transitive and intransitive verbs. These intransitive verbs can be changed to transitive if combined with the suffix –kan, suffix –i, per-kan, and per-i. Meanwhile, ber— affixed verbs in Indonesian can form intransitive verbs. The derivations resulting from me(N)— affixed verbs are concrete nouns with the affix pe(N)— and abstract nouns with the affix pe(N)—an, while those derived from ber— affixed verbs are concrete nouns with the affix pe— and abstract nouns with the affix pe —an. Apart from nouns, ber— affixed verbs also derives from verbs. However, there are other problems that often do not comply with these formation rules.
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 Penelitian ini membahas perbedaan perilaku sintaksis dan derivasi antara verba berafiks me(N)— dan ber— dalam bahasa Indonesia karena kerap muncul ketika mengajarkan materi tata bahasa bahasa Indonesia kepada orang asing. Data-data dalam penelitian ini dibangkitkan dari intuisi peneliti sebagai penutur asli bahasa Indonesia menggunakan metode reflektif-introspektif. Pemerolehan data yang demikian dilakukan untuk memudahkan pencarian dan pengujian data. Data-data itu dianalisis dengan metode agih atau distribusional yang selanjutnya dilakukan dengan teknik substitusi dan teknik parafrasa. Metode dan teknik itu digunakan karena pelaksanaannya melibatkan unsur-unsur dalam bahasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa verba berafiks me(N)— dalam bahasa Indonesia dapat membentuk verba transitif dan intransitif. Verba intransitif tersebut dapat diubah menjadi transitf jika dikombinasikan dengan sufiks –kan, sufiks –i, memper—kan, dan memper—i. Verba berafiks ber— dalam bahasa Indonesia berfungsi sebagai pembentuk verba intransitif. Derivasi yang dihasilkan dari verba berafiks me(N)— adalah nomina konkret berafiks pe(N)— dan nomina abstrak berafiks pe(N)—an, sedangkan yang diturunkan oleh verba berafiks ber— adalah nomina konkret berafiks pe— dan nomina abstrak berafiks pe—an. Selain nomina, afiks ber— juga menderivasikan verba. Akan tetapi, terdapat persoalan-persoalan lain yang kerap kali tidak sesuai dengan kaidah pembentukan tersebut.
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Nguyễn Thị Minh. "ĐỐI CHIẾU TỰ ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ THA ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG TIẾNG NHẬT VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT". Tạp chí Khoa học Ngoại ngữ, № 70 (6 грудня 2022): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56844/tckhnn.70.173.
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Few contrastive studies have been conducted on the distinction between intransitive verbs and transitive verbs in the Vietnamese language. To void this research gap, this study aims to clarify the characteristics of intransitive verbs and transitive verbs in the Vietnamese language as well as criteria to distinguish them apart. On that basis, it sheds light on the similarities and differences in semantic, morphological and syntactic characteristics of intransitive verbs and transitive verbs in Japanese and Vietnamese.
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McINTYRE, Joseph. "Transitive L-verbs (grade 2) and transitive H-verbs (grades 1, 4, 5, and 6) in Hausa verbal compounds." STUDIES IN AFRICAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES, no. 54 (December 10, 2020): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32690/salc54.1.
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This paper examines Hausa verbal compounds in terms of the division of regular verbs (verbs in the “grade system”) into verbs which have a High or Low tone first syllable. The focus of the paper is the surprisingly small number of transitive L-verbs (verbs beginning with a Low tone – “grade 2”) and their limited use of compound markers which contrasts strongly with the frequency of transitive H-verbs (verbs beginning with a with High tone) and their markers. I also describe several devices (e.g. grade-switching and covert subjects) which “allow” the formation of verbal compounds with transitive L-verbs.
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Harris, Alice C. "Light verbs as classifiers in Udi." Diachrony of Complex Predication 25, no. 2 (2008): 213–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.25.2.05har.
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In Udi, most verbal lexemes are composed, in all tense-aspect-mood categories, of a light verb and an ‘initial’. It is argued here that in the first stage of this development, simplex verbs were juxtaposed with focused constituents. In the second stage, initials and verbs formed compounds, and this pattern spread beyond those that had once involved focus. In the third stage, the subject of this paper, light verbs become classifiers, classifying the verb type — inchoatives, other unaccusatives, unergatives, transitive verbs of inherently directed motion, transitive change-of-state verbs, other transitives. I argue also that the classes identified by (some of) the light verbs have not become less semantically motivated; rather the semantics has shifted from a relatively narrow meaning to one of the three major classes.
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Putri, Selvia Parwati, and Najiibah. "VERBA TRANSITIF DALAM THREAD HOROR DI TWITTER @DARJOFESS." BAHTERA : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 21, no. 2 (2022): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bahtera.212.09.
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This study discusses the production of transitive verbs, types of transitive verbs, the role of transitive verbs, and their grammatical meanings found in the horror thread on the Twitter account @darjofess. The horror thread that will be analyzed is entitled “An Strange Experience on the South Beach of Malang” which was uploaded on April 19, 2022. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research and literature study. The data collection technique in this study was a read-note technique, and documentation in the form of screenshots which were then listened to intensively. The aims of this study are: 1) To find out the types of transitive verbs in the object of study in the form of a horror thread on Twitter and social media; 2) Knowing the type of transitive verb role in the object of study in the form of a horror thread on Twitter social media. The results of this study indicate there are 27 transitive verbs dominated by affix composition (meN-), that is mem-, meng-, meny-, men-, me-; 17 monotransitive verbs and 10 dwitransitive verbs are found, the role of predicate function filler in transitive verbs which is found entirely is the role of action
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Harrigan, Kaitlyn, and Monica Bagnoli. "<em>Bootstrapping where?</em> Location changes disrupt intransitive verb mapping." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 8, no. 1 (2023): 5540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v8i1.5540.
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Children utilize a range of cues in verb learning. The current studies explore children’s weighting of two different cues for verb-meaning: number of syntactic arguments and event location. Naigles (1990) demonstrated that children use syntactic bootstrapping in mapping transitive and intransitive verbs—they hypothesize that intransitive verbs refer to one-participant events and transitive verbs refer to two-participant events. Previous work also indicates that children are sensitive to the location that an event took place when they are learning new verbs. The current study builds on this work, exploring the role of location changes in mapping new transitive and intransitive verbs. We find that children robustly link transitive verbs to two-person events but are weaker overall weaker linking intransitive verbs to one-person events. Children are, however, less likely to link intransitive verbs to one-person events when the event location has changed, suggesting that they are influenced by background changes when interpreting intransitive verbs.
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Ma'mun, Akhmad Haqiqi. "PERAN LOKATIF DALAM NOVEL THE HUNGER GAMES:SUATU KAJIAN SEMANTIS." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 13, no. 1 (2013): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v13i1.762.
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Abstrak Penelitian ini berfokus pada dua hal pokok: (1) menjelaskan secara semantis, jenis peran lokatif dan hal yang ada pada peran lokatif dalam bahasa Inggris; (2) jenis verba yang mengharuskan adanya peran lokatif dalam bahasa Inggris. Data diperoleh dari novel “the hunger games”. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan teknik distribusi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) secara semantis, peran lokatif terdiri atas peran lokatif statis dan dinamis. Peran lokatif dinamis dibagi menjadi: sumber, lintasan dan tujuan, (2) kata kerja yang membutuhkan kehadiran peran lokatif dalam bahasa Inggris dibagi menjadi dua jenis verba: kata kerja transitif dan intransitif. Selain itu, kata kerja transitif dan intransitif dibagi menjadi empat jenis: keadaan, proses, tindakan dan proses-tindakan. Kata-kata kunci: Peran lokatif, novel the hunger games, kajian semantis AbstractThe research focuses on two main points:(1) explain semantically, kinds of locative role and case that presence in locative role in English; (2) kinds of verb which requires the presence of locative role in English. The data are taken from this novel. This research uses descriptive method with distributional techniques. The result of this research shows that: First, Semantically, the roles of locative consist of static and dynamic locative role. The dynamic locative role is divided into: source, path and goal. Second, verbs which require the presence of locative role in English divided into two kinds of verbs: transitive and intransitive verbs. Moreover, transitive and intransitive verb are divided into four kinds of verbs: state, process, action and action-process verbs.Keywords: Locative role, novel the hunger games, semantic study
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Zyzik, Eve. "Causative verbs in the grammar of Spanish heritage speakers." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 4, no. 1 (2014): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.4.1.01ziz.
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This study examines argument structure overgeneralizations among heritage speakers of Spanish who exhibit varying degrees of proficiency in the heritage language. Two questions motivated the design of the study: (1) Do heritage speakers differ from native speakers in their acceptance of causative errors? And if so, (2) which classes of verbs are most susceptible to this overgeneralization? A sentence acceptability task targeting two verb classes (unaccusatives and unergatives) was administered to 58 heritage speakers and a comparison group (n = 22) of monolingually-raised native speakers of Spanish. The results confirm that heritage speakers, in contrast to native speakers, accept causative errors with a variety of intransitive verbs. Unaccusative verbs are more readily accepted in transitive frames than unergatives for all groups. Acceptance rates for individual verbs are a function of the particular verb’s compatibility with external causation as well as the possibility of being transitive in English.
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Luo, Han. "English transitive particle verbs." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 4, no. 2 (2017): 330–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00008.luo.
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Abstract Adopting the Cognitive Linguistic (CL) framework, this study focuses on the particle placement phenomenon of English transitive particle verbs and its relationship with idiomaticity. Construal is argued to play a key role in determining which order a transitive particle verb should take. When a caused motion event or state change event is construed sequentially, the discontinuous order is taken to emphasize the final resultant state of the object. When the holistic construal is taken to view the same situation, the continuous order is adopted to profile the object or the interaction between the subject and the object. The holistic construal requires two conditions. First, the particle has a dynamic sense. It can designate both the process and the endpoint of motion. Second, the final state denoted by the particle is directly caused by the action denoted by the verb. In contrast, the sequential construal is allowed as long as a causal link can be established between the two participants under discussion or between the verb and the state change of one participant. In addition, the present study argues that the particle placement of idiomatic particle verbs depends on the processes in which the particle verb has developed its idiomaticity. If the idiomatic meaning develops from the inference associated with the sequential construal, the discontinuous order is preferred. On the other hand, if the idiomatic meaning is based on the holistic construal, the continuous order is then preferred. Moreover, item-by-item analyses of particle verbs that only allow one order listed in the Collins COBUILD Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs provide corpus-based support to the CL view of the relationship between construal, particle placement, and idiomaticity proposed in this study.
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Evenddy, Sutrisno Sadji, Welliam Hamer, Dhafid Wahyu Utomo, and Hayun Hamdalah. "An Analysis of Phrasal Verbs in Subtitles of Sherlock – A Study in Pink." Journal of English Education Studies 3, no. 1 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30653/005.202031.51.
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The objective of this research is to describe the types and semantic distinctions of phrasal verb found in subtitles of TV-Series: Sherlock – A Study in Pink. The researchers used content analysis as research method and coding to collect data. The data sources of this research are phrasal verbs in subtitles of TV-Series: Sherlock A Study in Pink. This research used 3 steps in analyzing the data; data condensation, data display, drawing and verifying conclusions. Further, the researcher used investigator triangulation to verify and validate the data. As a result, there are 3 types of phrasal verbs found :intransitive, transitive-separable, and transitive-inseparable phrasal verbs. There are 30 data classified into intransitive phrasal verb, 23 data classified into transitive-separable phrasal verbs, and 5 data classified into transitive-inseparable phrasal verbs. The last, based on the analysis of semantic distinctions of phrasal verbs, it is found that there are 3 semantic distinctions of phrasal verbs, those are free idiomatic, semi idiomatic, and highly idiomatic phrasal verbs. There are 13 data classified into free idiomatic phrasal verbs, 22 data classified into semi idiomatic phrasal verbs, and 23 data classified into highly idiomatic phrasal verbs.
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Oktaviana, Dita, and Mukhlish Mukhlish. "VERBA SERIAL DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA." Caraka: Jurnal Ilmu Kebahasaan, Kesastraan, dan Pembelajarannya 1, no. 2 (2015): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.30738/caraka.v1i2.1915.
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The purposes of this reseach is (1) describing the characteristics of serial verbs in Indonesian language; (2) describing the serial verb formingn patterns in Indonesian language; (3) describing the relation of serial verbs in serial verbs Indonesian language. This research is qualitative research. Data collection methods in this study is distribution method with vanished technique, insertion technique, turning technique, and expand technique. The results as follows. (1) The characteristic of serial verbs in Indonesian language consists of (a) serial verbs formed by two verbs; (b) serial verb predicate as lying side by side; (c) serial verbs form a double clauses; and (d) serial verbs have the same aspect and negation. (2) The serial verb forming pattern of Indonesian language is (a) V1 transitive+V2 transitive, (b) V1 transitive+V2 nontransitive, (c) V1 nontransitive+V2 transitive, and (d) V1 nontransitive+V2 nontransitive. (3) The relation of serial verbs in serial verbs Indonesian language is (a) the relation which explain the purpose, (b) the relation which explain cause effect and effect cause, (c) the relation which explain time similarity, (d) the relation which explain time sequence, and (e)Â the relation which explain the complement.
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Li, Wenchao. "Multi-verb constructions in Old Chinese and Middle Chinese." Asia-Pacific Language Variation 4, no. 1 (2018): 103–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aplv.16013.li.
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Abstract Multiple verb constructions have been studied intensively in Chinese. However, given the typological differences between the Indo-European languages and Chinese, it is no surprise that the application of a ‘Western’ notion, namely ‘serial verb construction’ (SVC), has caused much debate. This study provides a working definition of ‘SVC’ in Old Chinese and then turns to diachronic issues, for example, the combinatorial possibilities of multiple verbs in Old Chinese, pre-Middle Chinese, and Middle Chinese, clarifying which kind of complex constructions may be regarded as verb serialising and which as verb compounding. With this in place, the study approaches an understanding of the evolution of multiple verb formations in Chinese. The finding reveals that multiple verbs in Old Chinese are combined via verb serialisation. Six combinatorial possibilities are confirmed: (a) unergative V + unergative V; (b) transitive V + unaccusative V; (c) unaccusative V + unaccusative V (change of state); (d) unergative V + unaccusative V; (e) transitive V + transitive V; (f) unaccusative V + unaccusative V (motion). These can be further classified into two groups: Group I: (a)–(d) are successive SVCs; Group II: (e)–(f) are coordinate SVCs. In pre-Middle Chinese, there are signs of verb compounding. The occurrence of disyllabic word roots in the Early Han Dynasty as well as (de)grammaticalisation may be responsible for this. In Middle Chinese, the grammaticalisation of transitive change-of-state verbs, and the degrammaticalisation of motion verbs, led to three different lexical categories: (a) partial intransitive change-of-state verbs turned into resultative complements (resulting in [transitive V + unaccusative V] SVC transiting into predicate-complement V-V (change-of-state)); (b) partial motion verbs degrammaticalised and turned into directional complements (resulting in [unergative V + unaccusative V] SVC transiting into predicate-complement V-V (motion)); and (c) the first verb in [coordinate SVC] receives preverbalisation (giving rise to modifier-predicate V-V).
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Wagiran, Wagiran. "PERILAKU SINTAKSIS VERBA INFLEKSIONAL BAHASA INDONESIA (SYNTACTIC CATEGORIES OF INFLECTIONAL VERBS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE)." JALABAHASA 13, no. 1 (2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36567/jalabahasa.v13i1.44.
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Pembahasan infleksi tidak dapat dilepaskan dari sintaksis karena membicarakan infleksi berarti membicarakan morfosintaksis. Penelitian perilaku sintaksis verba infleksional ini merupakan pelengkap hasil-hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Berdasarkan kajian perilaku sintaksis verba infleksional bahasa Indonesia teridentifikasi bahwa verba infleksional bahasa Indonesia memiliki perilaku sintaksis (1) dwitransitif yang memerlukan tiga nomina sebagai argumen sebagai argumen yang merealisasikan kasus agen, benefaktif, dan pengalami, (2) ekatransitif yang memerlukan dua nomina sebagai argumen untuk merealisasikan kasus agen dan objek, (3) verba tak transitif berpelengkap manasuka yang membutuhkan kehadiran nomina sebagai realisasi kasus agen dan pengalami, (4) verba taktransitif berpelengkap wajib yang juga membutuhkan dua nomina sebagai realisasi kasus agen dan pengalami, (5) verba taktransitif takberpelengkap yang membutuhkan kehadiran satu nomina sebagai realisasi kasus pengalami.ABSTRACTDiscussion on infl ection could not be separated from syntax since it is related to morphosyntactic.This research in syntactic category of infl ectional verbs is conducted as an addition to complete the previous researches. Based on the research, the syntactic category of the infl ectional verbs are identifi ed (1) ditransitive with three nouns as arguments and realization of agent case, benefactive,experiencer, (2) transitive with two nouns as arguments and realization of object and agent case,(3) arbitrary complemented intransitive verbs with nouns as the realization of agent and experience case, (4) complemented intransitive verbs also with two nouns as the realization of agent and experience case, (5) noncomplementary intransitive verbs with one noun as the realization of experiencer case.
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Anggraeni, Diana, Cece Sobarna, Lia Maulia, and Eva Tuckyta Sari Sujatna. "SEPARABLE AND INSEPARABLE TRANSITIVE PHRASAL VERBS." Berumpun: International Journal of Social, Politics, and Humanities 3, no. 1 (2020): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/berumpun.v3i1.25.
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A phrasal verb is a phrase consisting of standard verbs and one or two particles. The standard verb is like go, make, take. While the particles (s) used can be within the form of adverbs and/ or prepositions. Usually, a phrasal verb is often used in native-speaker dialogue and informal English writing. The purpose of this study is to describe transitive phrasal verbs. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. Linguistic data sources were taken from the British National Corpus. Data containing phrasal verbs are collected and then classified into several categories. Categories that are suitable for research purposes are separated and labeled and then explained in the narrative in accordance with the theory and research objectives. The results showed that transitive phrasal verbs consist of two types, namely separable and inseparable transitive phrasal verbs. A separable transitive phrasal verb is a type of phrasal verb whose particles are separated from the verb and inserted by the noun phrase as its object. In addition, particles must be separated from the verb if the object used is in the form of a pronoun. While inseparable transitive verbs are phrasal verbs that have a direct object but the particles are inseparable from the verb.
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Lein, Adeline Lelo, Faizal Arvianto, and Kristofel Bere Nahak. "VERBA BERKLITIK DALAM BAHASA LAMAHOLOT DIALEK LEWOKLUOK (Clitic Verb on Lamholot Language Lewokluok Dialect)." Kandai 18, no. 2 (2022): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/jk.v18i2.3506.
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This reseacrh contains: (1) morphosyntax and semantic-syntax classification of clitic verb and (2) shape of clitic verb in Lamaholot language Lewokluok dialect (BLDL). In morphosyntax clitic verb on BLDL only consist of action verbs and process-action verb and syntactically is a transitive verb (V. trans+action). In addition, proclitic verbs on BLDL also have a semantic features action but syntactically is an intransitive verb (V. intrans+action). BLDL does not have proclitic verb which is syntactically ditranstive category. While the enclitic verbs on BLDL consists of action verbs, motion verbs), and cognition verbs, and semantic-syntactically is a verb that has semantic features action and process, but generally enclitic verb on BLDL is syntactically intransitive category. Based on its form, BLDL’s verb consist of (1) verbs that cannot stand alone (bound root morpheme) that must be attached to proclitic; and (2) verbs that can stand alone (free root morpheme) and can attach themselves to clitic. In addition, BLDL verb forms also can appear as (3) verbs that can stand alone, without experiencing any process-called simple verb; (4) The verb that has serialization structure or serial verbs. Tulisan ini berisi tentang (1) klasifikasi verba berklitik secara morfosintaksis dan semantis-sintaksis dalam bahasa Lamaholot dialek Lewokluok (BLDL); (2) bentuk verba berklitik dalam BLDL. Secara morfosintaksis verba berproklitik pada BLDL hanya terdiri atas verba aksi (actions) dan verba aksi-proses (action-process) dan secara sintaksis merupakan verba transitif (V. trans+aksi). Selain itu, verba berproklitik pada BLDL juga memiliki ciri semantis tindakan namun secara sintaksis merupakan verba intransitif (V. intrans+aksi). BLDL tidak memiliki verba berproklitik yang secara sintaksis berupa dwitransitif. Sedangkan pada verba berenklitik pada BLDL terdiri atas verba aksi (actions), verba gerakan (motion), dan verba kognisi, dan secara semantis-sintaksis merupakan verba yang memiliki ciri semantis tindakan (actions) dan proses. Namun, umumnya secara sintaksis verba berenklitik pada BLDL berkategori verba intransitif. Verba BLDL ditinjau dari segi bentuk terdiri atas (1) verba yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri (bound root morpheme) sehingga wajib mendapat bentuk klitik, dan dalam penelitian ini peneliti menyebutnya sebagai verba berprolitik; dan (2) verba yang dapat berdiri sendiri (free root morpheme) dan bisa melekatkan diri pada klitik. Selain itu, bentuk verba BLDL juga dapat tampil menjadi (3) verba yang dapat berdiri sendiri, tanpa mengalami proses apapun atau disebut dengan verba sederhana; (4) verba yang memiliki struktur serialisasi atau verba serial.
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Warsi, MJ, and Noman Tahir. "Subject Case Marking in Urdu Unergative and Unaccusative Compound Verbs." Nepalese Linguistics 38, no. 1 (2024): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nl.v38i1.71573.
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This paper examines subject case marking with unergative verbs in Urdu compound verb constructions. Urdu has two types of intransitive verbs: unergative and unaccusative. While intransitive verbs typically take a nominative subject, unergative verbs may optionally take an ergative subject, indicating agentivity. Unergative compound verbs take an ergative subject when the light verb (V2) is transitive, but not when it is intransitive. Unaccusative compound verbs, however, always take nominative subjects as they cannot combine with transitive light verbs. Thus, the transitivity of the light verb influences the ergative marking in unergative, but not unaccusative, constructions.
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Richter, Michael, and Roeland van Hout. "Transitivity in similarity judgments on German verbs." Mental Lexicon 11, no. 1 (2016): 76–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.11.1.04ric.
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This paper investigates set-theoretical transitive and intransitive similarity relationships in triplets of verbs that can be deduced from raters’ similarity judgments on the pairs of verbs involved. We collected similarity judgments on pairs made up of 35 German verbs and found that the concept of transitivity adds to the information obtained from collecting pair-wise semantic similarity judgments. The concept of transitive similarity enables more complex relations to be revealed in triplets of verbs. To evaluate the outcomes that we obtained by analyzing transitive similarities we used two previously developed verb classifications of the same set of 35 verbs based on the analysis of large corpora (Richter & van Hout, 2016). We applied a modified form of weak stochastic transitivity (Block & Marschak, 1960; Luce & Suppes, 1965; Tversky, 1969) and found that (1), in contrast to Rips’ claim (2011), similarity relations in raters’ judgments systematically turn out to be transitive, and (2) transitivity discloses lexical and aspectual properties of verbs relevant in distinguishing verb classes.
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Tahan Jaradat, Abeer Fawzi. "Understanding the Different Functions of Transitive Verbs and Intransitive Verbs and Related Problems from the Teachers’ Point of View." World Journal of English Language 15, no. 2 (2024): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v15n2p116.
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The process of acquiring grammar requires distinguishing between parts of the sentence, including the verb and the subject, as well as the ability to form the verb and distinguish the best verb forms. This study aims to understand the different functions of transitive verbs and intransitive verbs and the problems related to them. The quantitative descriptive approach was used in this study by using a questionnaire (questionnaire) designed by the researcher to evaluate teachers’ perceptions towards the different functions of transitive verbs, intransitive verbs, and related problems. This study concluded that the main function of transitive and intransitive verbs is to develop the communication process level by guaranteeing delivering the exact correct meaning of sentences. The study also clarified that several difficulties could be faced when distinguishing transitive and intransitive verbs, such as creating incomplete and dysfunctional sentences, making grammatical errors, and generating mistakes in the employment and formulation of these verb types.
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YEON, JAEHOON. "Transitivity alternation and neutral-verbs in Korean." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 64, no. 3 (2001): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x01000222.
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Although the way in which the transitivity alternation is realized differs from language to language, it is common cross-linguistically that a pair of morphologically related verbs participate in the alternation. Korean, an agglutinative language, employs derivational suffixes to indicate alternations in transitivity. On the other hand, there are some verbs used either transitively or intransitively with no addition of suffixes or any alternation of the root verbs, but with the object of the transitive verb the same as the subject of the intransitive. We have named this kind of verb the ‘neutral-verb’ and established some morphosyntactic and semantic criteria for neutral-verbs to distinguish the various pseudo-neutral-verb constructions from true neutral-verb constructions. We have observed the semantic differences between the analytic passives and the intransitive form of neutral-verbs on the one hand, and between the analytic causatives and the transitive form of neutral-verbs on the other.
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BROOKS, PATRICIA J., and OTTO ZIZAK. "Does preemption help children learn verb transitivity?" Journal of Child Language 29, no. 4 (2002): 759–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000902005287.
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Children's acquisition of the transitivity status of novel verbs was examined to test whether preemption helps children learn to avoid non-conventional uses of verbs. Given that many English verbs alternate between transitive and intransitive usage (e.g. break, roll), how do children learn the fixed transitive status of verbs such as hit or the fixed intransitive status of verbs such as fall? 48 four-year-olds and 48 six- and seven-year-olds learned two novel verbs, with one verb modelled as transitive and the other as intransitive. Exposure conditions varied the occurrence and type of preemptive evidence potentially facilitating learning of the verbs' transitivity status. In comparison to a No Preemption group, only six- to seven-year-olds exposed to novel verbs in alternative constructions (that allowed them to talk about the actions from the perspective of the agent or patient without changing the verbs' assigned transitivity) produced fewer utterances violating the verbs' fixed transitivity. The results identify limits in children's usage of indirect negative evidence in acquiring verb argument structure constructions.
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Lyutikova, Ekaterina. "DOES RUSSIAN ATTEST SYNTACTIC RAISING? PART 2: SMALL CLAUSES." Lomonosov Journal of Philology, no. 6 (March 19, 2023): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0075-9-2022-6-58-74.
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I propose a raising analysis for a number of Russian constructions based on non-verbal predication: (1) constructions with nominal predicates and semi-lexical verbs; (2) constructions with transitive attitude verbs; (3) constructions with transitive perception verbs; (4) constructions with transitive causative verbs. What they all have in common is that their predicate can take a small clause as an internal argument. The small clause’s subject is assigned structural case in the matrix clause and attests all structural properties of the matrix subject / direct object, which signals raising. The peculiarity of raising in Russian is thus its restriction to small clauses.
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RABOVYANOVA, TEODORA. "ВСИЧКО Е НАРЕД С ГЛАГОЛА (ИНОВАЦИОННИТЕ ПРОЦЕСИ ТРАНЗИТИВАЦИЯ И ДЕРЕФЛЕКТИВАЦИЯ С ЦЕЛ ПРИПИСВАНЕ НА КАУЗАТИВНОСТ) / EVERYTHING IS FINE WITH THE VERB (INNOVATION PROCESSES OF TRANSITIVIZATION AND DEREFLEXIVIZATION AS A MEANS OF ATTRIBUTING CAUSATIVITY)". Journal of Bulgarian Language 68, PR (2021): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.68.21.pr.11.
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The paper presents a summary of the observations on the tranisitivization and dereflexivization of Bulgarian verbs as a means of attributing causativity. The majority of the newly formed verbs that we analyze are causative while others may, under certain conditions and in particular sentences, exemplify the causative rule. The lability of morphological identification regarding the transitivity – intransitivity distinction is the reason to examine the excerpted verbs as being either A- or Р-labile. The following tendency can be observed: P-lability has to do with causativity, while A-labile verbs are not-causative. In such cases the subject does not undergo changes neither in their intransitive nor in their transitive use. With P-labile verbs, the subject of the intransitive verb becomes the object of the transitive verb. There are some ambiva-lent verbs, such as minavam (pass), premina (pass over), svetna (light up), spomagam (facilitate), stigna (reach), treniram (train). Although the second group contains 40 causatives and the third group has 3 verbs, the lability procedure is not applicable because of the difference between the reflexive with the se- (се) marker and the transitive verb, i.e. the mismatch in form also means non-lability. The examples in the third group can also be viewed as the absolute use of the transitive verb meaning. The changes in the verbs indicate a change in the way contemporary Bulgarians think – the causative verbs serve as an expression of an active position, while the interplay between transitive and intransitive and/or reflexive and non-reflexive verbs has mostly pragmatic purposes, such as achieving a certain communicative effect, attractiveness, informality. Keywords: labile verbs, A-lability, P-lability, the lexico-grammatical category of transitivity ‒ intransitivity, causativity, Bulgarian language
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Luci Komala Bintang and Siti Ainim Liusti. "Afiksasi Pembentuk Verba Transitif Dalam Novel Fatamorgana Di Segitiga Emas Karya Suryatini N Ganie." Persona: Kajian Bahasa dan Sastra 2, no. 3 (2023): 549–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jpers.v2i3.177.
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This study aims to describe the affixes that form transitive verbs in the novel Fatamorgana in the Golden Triangle by Suryatini N Ganie, which includes the types of affixes that form verbs, patterns of verb formation, and the meaning of the affixes that form transitive verbs in the novel Fatamorgana in the Golden Triangle by Suryatini N Ganie. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. The research data is in the form of words that experience affixation in the novel Fatamorgana in the Golden Triangle by Suryatini N Ganie. Methods of data collection using note takers. The technique of analyzing the data is classifying the affixation data forming transitive verbs, identifying the data, and concluding the data. Data validation technique is trigulation technique. The results of the study concluded that in the process of affixation forming transitive verbs in the novel Fatamorgana in the Golden Triangle by Suryatini N Ganie, it consists of 105 data of me- prefixes, 6 data of me-,-i affix combinations and 54 data of me-,-an affix combinations. There is a change in word class from nouns to verbs, adverbs to verbs, adjectives to verbs, and pronouns to verbs. The patterns of verb formation are (me- + D (Adj/ V/ N/ Pron/ Adv), (me- + D (V) + -i) and (memper- + D (N/ Adj/ V) + -kan). The affixation process results in grammatical changes.
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Putri, Dina Lutfiana, and Agus Subiyanto. "Konstruksi Verba Serial Direksional pada Bahasa Dayak Ngaju Kalimantan Tengah." Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 6, no. 2 (2023): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v6i2.639.
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Dayak Ngaju is one of the many Indonesian languages originating from the Austronesian family. Dayak Ngaju language is used by speakers from Central Kalimantan. This study aims to determine the continuous directed verbal constructions in the Dayak Ngaju language based on a typology study and then compare it with Balinese. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Methods of data collection using the interview method are also considered. The typological approach used as data analysis in this study is then presented through an informal method. The results of this study indicate that the Dayak Ngaju language can be formed through transitive Verba 1 (V1) + transitive Verba 2 (V2) and intransitive Verba 1 (V1) + intransitive Verba 2 (V2) patterns. If related to the Talmy typology, the results of the study show that Dayak Ngaju is a language that has a verb or satellite framework, which is different from Balinese which may be formed based on motion verbs (as core verbs) and followed by prepositional phrases (roads) which act as addition.
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Rosliana, Lina. "Sufiks Pembentuk Verba Transitif Dan Intransitif Dalam Bahasa Jepang." KIRYOKU 3, no. 1 (2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v3i1.17-27.
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(Title: Suffix Formers of Transitive And Intransitive Verbs In Japanese Language) This research aims to explain the process of formation verbs from the suffix of transitive and intransitive verb formers and their meanings. The data in this research were taken from Asahi Shinbun website, More Zasshi, News Livedoor and various other Japanese websites. The method which used in this research is descriptive method, and for data analysis using agih method. The theory which used in this research are verb, derivation and verb-forming suffix theory. The results of the research show that (1) There are 5 types of verb-forming suffixes: suffix –garu,-maru, -meru, -mu, and –suru, (2) Suffix –garu can be attached to adjective-i, adjective-na and -tai forms that can produce transitive and intransitive verbs (3) Suffix -maru can be attached to adjective-i and produce the intransitive verb (4) Suffix -meru can be attached to adjective-i and produce the transitive verb (5) Suffix -mu can be attached to adjective-i which can produce transitive and intransitive verbs (6) Suffix -suru can be attached to nouns and adverbs that can produce transitive or intransitive verbs (7) Some of verb-forming suffix can changes the meaning of the original word and some just changes the application.
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Agus Mustajib and Dahrial. "THE ABILITY OF THE 2022/2023 ACADEMIC YEARS STUDENTS OF ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM, ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF INDRAGIRI IN IDENTIFIYING BETWEEN TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS IN A SENTENCE." ENGLISH JOURNAL OF INDRAGIRI 7, no. 1 (2023): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32520/eji.v7i1.2285.
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This research was intended to find out the student’s ability in identifiying transitive and intransitive verbs in a sentence. The method used in this research was the descriptive quantitative research. The population of this research was the students of Islamic University of Indragiri. The sample of this research were 21 students at the first semester of English Study Program, Islamic University of Indragiri in the academic 2022/2023 years. In collecting the data, this research used written test (essay) as the research instrument to use to find out the students’ ability in identifiying transitive and intransitive verbs in a sentence. The students were asked to undeline whether transitive and intransitive verbs in a sentence. The total mean score was taken from two indicators, that were transitive verb with mean score 65.8 in a good level and intransitive verb with mean score 55.93 in an enough level. Based on the result of data, for both of indicators, their ability in identifiying transitive and intransitive verbs in a sentence were 59.58 in an enough level. In conclution, from the total mean score 50% the students can identify transitive and intransitive verbs in a sentence, but their ability in identifiying an intransitive verb was still limited.
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Andini, Natasya Maulida, and Hanifah Izzati. "ANALISIS KLAUSA PADA SURAT KABAR HARIAN MEDIA INDONESIA EDISI 25-27 OKTOBER 2022." METAMORFOSIS | Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra Indonesia dan Pengajarannya 16, no. 1 (2023): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55222/metamorfosis.v16i1.982.
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Abstrak
 Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk klausa dalam Surat Kabar Harian Media Indonesia Edisi 25-27 Oktober 2022. Adapun bentuk klausa adalah klausa intransitif, klausa transitif, klausa verba pasif, klausa refleksif, dan klausa resiprokal. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah simak dan catat koran harian Media Indonesia edisi 25-27 Oktober 2022. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat bentuk klausa dalam Surat Kabar Harian Media Indonesia Edisi 25-27 Oktober 2022 yang meliputi klausa intransitif, klausa transitif, klausa verba pasif, klausa refleksif, dan klausa resiprokal. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan dua klausa verba yaitu kalusa verba transitif dan klausa verba intransitif, dan tidak ditemukannya klausa verba pasif, klausa verba refleksif, dan klausa verba resiprokal, dikarenakan tidak ditemukannya verba yang menyatakan perbuatan yang berkenaan dengan prilaku itu sendiri dan tidak menyatkan kesalingan. Adapun bentuk klausa transitif yang ditemukan diantaranya berupa: kata kerja menanggung; mengevaluasi; mendesak; memantau; mengimbau; melakukan; mengumumkan; mengatakan; menambahkan; mendorong; menyamakan; menargetkan; menjelaskan; mengaku; dan mengajukan. Sedangkan klausa intransitif yang ditemukan diantara lain berupa: kata kerja bersam; beranggotakan; berbasis; terinformasi; beranggotakan; ditentukan; dan tergantung. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam Surat Kabar Harian Media Indonesia Edisi 25-27 Oktober 2022 terdapat klausa verbal dengan bentuk klausa transitif dan klausa intransitif.
 Abstract
 This study aims to describe the forms of clauses in the Media Indonesia Daily Newspaper October 25-27 2022 Edition. The forms of clauses are intransitive clauses, transitive clauses, passive verb clauses, reflexive clauses, and reciprocal clauses. The data collection technique used was to observe and record the October 25-27 2022 edition of the Media Indonesia daily newspaper. The research data was analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that there are clause forms in the October 25-27 2022 Edition of the Media Indonesia Daily Newspaper which include intransitive clauses, transitive clauses, passive verb clauses, reflexive clauses, and reciprocal clauses. In this study, two verb clauses were found, namely transitive verb clauses and intransitive verb clauses, and no passive verb clauses, reflexive verb clauses, and reciprocal verb clauses were found, because no verbs were found which stated actions related to the behavior itself and did not indicate interdependence. The forms of transitive clauses found include: the verb to bear; evaluate; urge; monitor; appealed; To do; announce; say; add; push; equalize; target; explain; confess; and filed. While the intransitive clauses found include: joint verbs; members; based; informed; members; determined; and it depends. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that in the Media Indonesia Daily Newspaper Edition 25-27 October 2022 there are verbal clauses in the form of transitive clauses and intransitive clauses.
 Keywords: Clauses, types of clauses, newspapers, Indonesian media, verb clauses
 Kata Kunci: Klausa, jenis-jenis klausa, surat kabar, media Indonesia, klausa verba
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Nusarini, Nusarini. "PENGGUNAAN VERBA PADA SURAT KABAR KOMPAS." Caraka: Jurnal Ilmu Kebahasaan, Kesastraan, dan Pembelajarannya 2, no. 2 (2016): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30738/caraka.v2i2.1902.
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This study aims to (1) describe the morphological form of verbs in Kompas newspaper and (2) to describe the syntactic behavior of verbs in Kompas newspaper. The type of this research is descriptive research. Research data in the form of a sentence in which there is a verb, while the data source is Kompas newspaper published in May 2015. Method of providing data used is a listen method to refer to advanced techniques of bebas libat cakap and technical note. The method of data analysis used is the method of agih with advanced techniques of lesap technique, while the method of presentation of the results of data analysis using informal methods because the presentation using ordinary words, not symbols. The results of research are 1. The forms of verbs used in Kompas newspapers include verbs of origin and derived verbs. The derived verb is formed by affixation, reduplication, and compounding. Verb-forming affixes include: meN-, meN-kan, meN-i, memper-kan,memper-i, memper-, di-, di-kan, di-i, diper-kan, ter-, ter-kan,ter-i, ber-, ber-an, dan ke-an. 2. Judging from its syntactic behavior, the verbs found are transitive and nontransitive verbs. Transitive verbs include both transitive and semitransitive verbs, whereas tactransitive verbs include incomplete verbs, compulsory mandatory verbs, and compliant verbs where likes.
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Cvetko-Orešnik, Varja. "Naturalness: some synchronic data of Old Indian." Linguistica 51, no. 1 (2011): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.51.1.263-272.
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The framework of the paper is Natural Syntax initiated by Janez Orešnik in thetradition of (morphological) naturalness as established by Wolfgang U. Dressler and Willi Mayerthaler. The basic tenets of Natural Syntax are described at the beginning of the paper. Natural Syntax is here applied to aspects of Old Indian synchronic verbal morphonology and verbal morphosyntax: (1) Causative -áya- verbs in Rig Veda and Atharva Veda. The root vowel a is short in closed syllables and long in open syllables. (2) Rig Veda and Atharva Veda contain 31 intransitive and 175 transitive -áya- verbs. (3) Rig Veda and Atharva Veda do not contain any causative verbs to the basic transitive verbs. (4) Post-Vedic double transitive verbs (the early construction) contain an obligatory accusative corresponding to the subject of the base verb, and an optional accusative corresponding to the object of the base verb. (5) Post-Vedic double transitive verbs (the late construction) contain an obligatory instrumental corresponding to the subject of the base verb, and an accusative corresponding to the object of the base verb. (6) The accusative mentioned in (5) is not obligatory. The data have been taken from Jamison (1983), a monograph about Old Indian -áya- verbs.
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Kevin Tuite. "Agentless Transitive Verbs in Georgian." Anthropological Linguistics 51, no. 3-4 (2009): 269–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/anl.2009.0010.
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Isakova, T., Y. Orozbekova, and K. Muratbaeva. "Multiple and Transitive Meanings in Simple Verbs." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 2 (February 15, 2023): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/87/47.
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This article considers the presentation of compound verbs used in plural or transitive meanings in the language of mini epics, and the structure of simple verbs in comparison with verbal phraseological and combinations in plural or transitive meanings. Research objectives: analysis of simple verbs in the language of the epic, close or similar both in meaning and in sound construction, in works and used as active language units in the artistic description and narration of events, scenes, actions and thoughts of characters. Research materials and methods: a scientific analysis of simple verbs, which are used in plural and transitive meanings and acting as active language units in the narrative, was carried out. Research results: it was studied that some primitive verbs were used in different ways in independent semantic differences or in repetitive situations. Conclusions: verbs with a simple structure are often used in the language of epic works in transitional meanings and serve as active language units in the artistic description and narration of events, scenes, actions of characters, thoughts.
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Ngonyani, Deo. "Properties of applied objects in Kiswahili and Kindendeule." Studies in African Linguistics 27, no. 1 (1998): 68–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v27i1.107388.
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This paper examines objects which are licensed by the applicative affix in the Bantu languages of Kindendeule and Kiswahili. The data show that all verbs can take the applicative suffix deriving transitive verbs from intransitive verbs, and ditransitive verbs from transitive verbs. The applied objects can be interpreted as beneficiary, maleficiary, goal, instrument, reason, motive, ingredient, location, or theme. Only the agent role cannot be licensed by the applicative suffix. On the basis of object order, object marking, passivization, reciprocalization and reflexivization, the objects are classified into: (a) the benefactive type, (b) instrumental type, and (c) locative type.
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Kim, Youngil. "A Study of Passive Sentences with Syntactic Transitivity: Focused on Passive Sentences with ‘eul/leul’ Noun Phrase." Korean Society of Culture and Convergence 44, no. 11 (2022): 699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.33645/cnc.2022.11.44.11.699.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss whether passive sentences with 'eul/leul' noun phrase can be treated as transitive sentences. We divided them into two types of passive sentences with 'eul/leul’ noun phrase and examined the grammatical and semantic characteristics to compare each other. After that, we argued that the passive sentences made of a type of 'ppaeasgida' have syntactic transitivity. Sentences belonging to this type indicate the meaning of the removal of the property from its original owner, and the event in which the change of owner occurs as the property moves to the new owner who is called an agent. In addition, we explained that the sentences are transitive constructions, and the predicates are transitive verbs, but they have the characteristics of ditransitive verbs with three core arguments such as ‘give’ and ‘receive’. Through this, we actively acknowledged that passive sentences with an object are no longer treated as an exception in Korean studies, and there are syntactic transitive sentences in passive sentences and transitive verbs in passive verbs as well.
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MATSUO, AYUMI, SOTARO KITA, YURI SHINYA, GARY C. WOOD, and LETITIA NAIGLES. "Japanese two-year-olds use morphosyntax to learn novel verb meanings." Journal of Child Language 39, no. 3 (2011): 637–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000911000213.
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ABSTRACTPrevious research has found that children who are acquiring argument-drop languages such as Turkish and Chinese make use of syntactic frames to extend familiar verb meanings (Göksun, Küntay & Naigles, 2008; Lee & Naigles, 2008). This article investigates whether two-year-olds learning Japanese, another argument-drop language, make use of argument number and case markings in learning novel verbs. Children watched videos of novel causative and non-causative actions via Intermodal Preferential Looking. The novel verbs were presented in transitive or intransitive frames; the NPs in the transitive frames appeared ‘bare’ or with case markers. Consistent with previous findings of Morphosyntactic Bootstrapping, children who heard the novel verbs in the transitive frame with case markers reliably assigned those verbs to the novel causative actions.
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Мусаев, Абиш, and Сарбиназ Бахитбаева. "Construction of transitive and intransative verbs in english and karakalpalpak languages." Актуальные вопросы лингвистики и преподавания иностранных языков: достижения и инновации 1, no. 1 (2024): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/topical-tiltfl-vol1-iss1-2024-pp76-82.
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The article is devoted to the comparative study of transitive and intransitive verbs in English and Karakalpak languages. It provides an overview of the scientific literature on the grammatical meaning of transitive and intransitive verbs, and includes examples with subsequent analysis of language data.
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Ozolinya, L. V. "Indirect object in Manchu-Tungus languages: structural and semantic aspect (in the Orok language)." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 3 (2020): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/72/19.
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For the first time, the paper provides the analysis of the Oroc language object as a syntactic unit combining the semantic and functional aspects of transitive or non-transitive verbs. In the Manchu-Tungus languages, the object is found to be expressed in the morphological forms of the case: direct – in the accusative case and the possessive forms of the designative case, indirect – in the forms of oblique cases. Constructions with indirect objects, the positions of which are filled with case forms of nouns, designate the objects on which the action is aimed, objects from which the action is sent or evaded, objects-addresses, objectsinstruments, etc. Both transitive or non-transitive verbs can take the position of the predicate. The necessary (direct object) and permissible (indirect object) composition of objects in the verb is determined by its valences: bivalent verbs open subjective (subject) and objective (direct object) valences; trivalent verbs reveal subjective, subjective-objective (part of the subject or indirect subject) and objective (indirect object) valences.
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Al-Shujairi, Yasir Bdaiwi Jasim, Ahlam Muhammed, and Yazan Shaker Okla Almahammed. "Transitivity and Intransitivity in English and Arabic: A Comparative Study." International Journal of Linguistics 7, no. 6 (2015): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v7i6.8744.
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<p>English and Arabic are two major languages which have many differences and similarities in grammar. One of the issues which is of great importance in the two languages is transitivity and intransitivity. Therefore, this study compares and contrasts transitivity and intransitivity in English and Arabic. This study reports the results of the analysis of transitivity and intransitivity in the two respective languages. The current study is a qualitative one; in nature, a descriptive study. The findings showed that English and Arabic are similar in having transitive and intransitive verbs, and in having verbs which can go transitive or intransitive according to context. By contrast Arabic is different from English in its ability to change intransitive verbs into transitive ones by applying inflections on the main verb. Additionally, Arabic is different from English in the fact that some Arabic transitive verbs can take up to three objects.</p>
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Kumara Devi, Sayu Putu Ratih, I. Nyoman Kardana, and Dewa Ayu Dyah Pertiwi Putri. "PHRASAL VERBS FOUND IN NOVEL “THEY BOTH DIE AT THE END” BY ADAM SILVERA." KULTURISTIK: Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya 7, no. 2 (2023): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/kulturistik.7.2.7702.
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The title of this research is “Phrasal Verbs Found in Novel “They Both Die at The End” By Adam Silvera”. The data source of this research is the novel They Both Die at The End by Adam Silvera (2017). The problems investigated in this research are; what kind of phrasal verbs and what constituent structures are used for phrasal verbs in Adam Silvera’s They Both Die at The End? The theories applied are by Halliday and Matthiessen about phrasal verbs, and by Van Valin about tree diagrams. This research used the qualitative method. This research consisted of three steps. The first step was reading the novel. Furthermore, the data collection was conducted by note-taking. After that, the data were classified into their kind and their constituent structure. The result of the research showed that three kinds of phrasal verbs were found in Adam Silvera’s They Both Die at The End. The kinds are verb + adverb, verb + preposition, and verb + adverb + preposition. The constituent structure of each sentence with phrasal verbs showed that phrasal verbs can be transitive and intransitive. Transitive phrasal verbs mean that it requires a direct object. Transitive phrasal verbs can be separable which means the verb and particle are separated by a noun, and inseparable which means the verb and particle cannot be separated by a noun.
 Keywords: constituent; kind; phrasal verbs
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Zhang, Liulin. "A Study into the Prototypicality of Chinese Labile Verbs." Cognitive Semantics 5, no. 1 (2019): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526416-00501001.
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Trying to situate Chinese into the typology of labile verbs (verbs that may be used transitively or intransitively), this paper analyzes Chinese labile verbals under the framework of cognitive construction grammar. By exhaustively looking at labile verbals in a small corpus, it is found that as an isolating language in which causative (transitive use) or anticausative (intransitive use) is not morphologically marked, Chinese is particularly rich in labile verbals. After estimating how often several target verbals are used transitively and intransitively, two factors grounded in human cognition are revealed determining verbal lability in Chinese: change of state and spontaneity of the event. Change-of-state events give way to two competing profiling strategies, realized as a transitive construction and an intransitive construction, respectively. The degree and direction (transitive-dominated or intransitive-dominated) of verbal lability are sensitive to the likelihood of spontaneous occurrence of the event.
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DENISENKO, IRINA E. "ON THE TYPOLOGY OF BELGIAN VERBS." Cherepovets State University Bulletin 1, no. 106 (2022): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/1994-0637-2022-1-106-8.
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He article deals with the peculiarities of Belgian verbs at different levels of the linguistic system. The author focuses on the analysis of four types of verbs: verbs not used in France, such as borrowings from the Dutch language; archaic verbs; verbs that function in France, but have a different form of expression, and verbs that are used in France, but are used in other syntactic constructions. Belgian verbs are studied in various constructions, the most common of which correspond to transitive/non-transitive models with a subject and a direct object. As a result of this study, the author concludes that the Belgian national version of French differs from the French of the metropolis, and that these differences manifest themselves at the lexico-grammatical and syntactic levels of the language system.
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TAMURA, YU, JUNYA FUKUTA, YOSHITO NISHIMURA, YUI HARADA, KAZUHISA HARA, and DAIKI KATO. "Japanese EFL learners’ sentence processing of conceptual plurality: An analysis focusing on reciprocal verbs." Applied Psycholinguistics 40, no. 1 (2018): 59–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716418000450.
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ABSTRACTThis study aimed to investigate how Japanese learners of English as a foreign language, whose first language does not have obligatory morphological number marking, process conceptual plurality. The targeted structure was reciprocal verbs, which require conceptual plurality to interpret their meanings correctly. The results of a sentence completion task confirmed that participants could use reciprocal verbs reciprocally in English. In a self-paced reading experiment, participants read sentences with reciprocal verbs and those with optionally transitive verbs (e.g., while the king and the queen kissed/left the baby read the book in the bed). There was no reading time delay for reciprocal verbs but a delay for optionally transitive verbs. Therefore, the participants succeeded in processing second language conceptual plurality in the online sentence comprehension task.
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Li, Wenchao. "On the syntax of anticausativisation and decausativisation in Japanese and Chinese." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 5, no. 3 (2015): 805–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v5i3.2867.
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This paper is dedicated to a comparison of transitive/intransitive verb alternation in Japanese and Chinese. Discussions are focused upon three grammatical elements: monosyllabic verbs, compound verbs and constructions. The findings reveal that the two languages share similarities in two aspects: (i). transitive and intransitive verbs share the same word form; (ii) transitive and intransitive verbs can derive from the same adjective stems. Significant distinctions are also seen between the two: anticausativisation and decausativisation in Japanese are mainly facilitated in morphological level, e.g. anticausativisation is realised through the morpheme and decausativisation is conveyed by . The morpheme can be used with both intransitive and transitive verbs. Regarding Chinese, lexical and syntax have a curial role to play in transitive/intransitive verb alternation. Decausativisation appears the most favourable strategy of the alternation. Two ways of decausativisation is observed: schema of [action + resultative state]; verb compounds (V-V). Three types of V-Vs are possible for this strategy, i.e. Predicate-Complement V-V, Modifier-Head V-V and Coordinative V-V. Among them, predicate-complement V-V has the largest token of decausativisation. Moreover, constraints on Chinese anticausativisation and decausativisation are seen. When a resultative complment predicate an internal argument, the higher the agentivity that implies manner of action, the greater the unlikelihood of anticausativisation. In decausativisation, the internal argument that accepts the change of state is limited to the ‘possessive relationship.