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Ashrafyan, K.E. "ADDITIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN TRANSLATIONS OF THE 1493 BULL OF POPE ALEXANDER VI: BULL NO. 1 "BREVES INTER CAETERA", AND BULL NO. 4 "DUDUM SIQUIDE"." Annali d'Italia 33 (July 26, 2022): 106–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6907970.
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This chapter provides clarifications and additions to the complete translations of pope Alexander VI's two bulls of 1493 related to the discoveries of Christopher Columbus and the division of peace between the Kingdom of Castile and León and the Kingdom of Portugal. These documents have a more accurate translation and complement the documents from the earlier monograph "TRANSLATION INTO RUSSIAN OF THREE BULLS FROM 1493 OF POPE ALEXANDER VI: BULLS No. 1 "BREVE INTER CAETERA", AND BULLS No. 4 "DUDUM SIQUIDE".
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IVANOV, MIRUNA. "ASPEKTE ZUR ÜBERSETZUNG DER FERNSEHWERBUNG AUS DEM DEUTSCHEN INS RUMÄNISCHE." BUKARESTER BEITRÄGE ZUR GERMANISTIK 7, no. 7/2025 (2025): 169–81. https://doi.org/10.62229/bbzg7-25/10.
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In the current globalized society that we live in, many international brands advertise their products or services via television commercials, which still represent the most popular advertisement channel in the 21st century. In doing so, brand companies must translate their commercials into the target language of a specific country. Certain cultural barriers may appear throughout this translation process (based on the Skopos Theory in Translation) between the language of the commercial’s country of origin and the language of the target country, in which the commercial has been translated into. The translator should, therefore, demonstrate great linguistical, pragmalinguistical and stilistic knowledge in that foreign language, in order to avoid such cultural and/ or language barriers, be persuasive and attract potential clients who are willing to buy their product. The purpose of this research is to analyse the extent to which the marketing techniques of the two company brands Red Bull and Merci have been fulfilled through their television commercials, in terms of addressing a key audience, as well as considering both cultural aspects of the country of origin and the target country in its translation process from German into Romanian and thus maintaining the communicative essence of the original advertising text.
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Pastore, Thomas. "The Belle-Epoque of Portfolios? How Returns, Risk, and Diversification Correlated with the Wealth Distribution in Paris in 1912." Journal of Economic History 84, no. 3 (2024): 767–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050724000354.
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I reconstruct the historical performance of individual portfolios owned by Parisian investors during the French Belle-Epoque, which was characterized by a massive concentration of wealth. Using the value of inherited bequests as a proxy for ex ante wealth, I show that wealthier investors not only exhibited greater betas and thus benefited from the bull market, but also captured positive alphas, which translated into greater Sharpe ratios. Their performance was enhanced by diversification tilted toward equity and foreign assets. I identify heterogeneity in returns as a significant driver of the rise of wealth inequalities during the Belle-Epoque.
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Doran, Greg. "Family, Places and the Island: An Interview with Kent Stetson." Canadian Theatre Review 128 (September 2006): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.128.011.
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Kent Stetson has written many plays, which have been performed widely. In 2001, The Harps of God won the Governor-General’s Award for Drama. Currently, Stetson is working on a novel, an adaptation of his play New Arcadia. As well, his play Horse High, Bull Strong, Pig Tight is being translated into French for a planned tour of France. The following interview took place on 29 December 2005 over coffee and cinnamon rolls in Charlottetown, PEL Greg Doran: How did growing up on PEl shape your view of the world or the country? Is there a different sensibility?
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L., Marsadolov. "ABOUT TARCHATA IN ALTAI AND THE TERMS «MEGALITH», «MEGALITHIC COMPLEX», «DROPSTONE»." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 37, no. 1 (2025): 72–87. https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2025)37(1).-04.
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This discussion article briefly reviews the history of the study of archaeological sites in Tarkhat and near the village of Tashanta, as well as different names for one site («Chuisky Tract», «Tashanta-1», «Zhylky-tas») proposed by three archaeologists. The first archaeologist to examine and photograph the structure in Tarkhat in 1964 during his work in the Hermitage expedition in Altai was S.S. Sorokin. G.V. Kubarev in his article proposed a new English term for archaeologists «dropstone», which is mainly used in glaciology and geology. Translated from English, this term consists of two words: «drop» and «stone». L.S. Marsadolov suggests that archaeologists use the universal international term «megalith» (translated from Greek - «huge stone»), which is used not only by archaeologists, but also by other specialists in many countries of the world. If G.V. Kubarev considers the petroglyphs fromTarkhata to be “inexpressive” and “unfinished,” while L.S. Marsadolov, on the contrary, considers these petroglyphs to be important and interesting, and two compositions in Tarkhata probably depict the constellations Orion and Taurus/Bull.
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Lenz, R. W., C. Gonzalez-Marin, T. B. Gilligan, et al. "190 SexedULTRA™, A NEW METHOD OF PROCESSING SEX-SORTED BOVINE SPERM IMPROVES CONCEPTION RATES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 1 (2017): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv29n1ab190.
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The gap in fertility between conventional and sex-sorted bovine sperm, known to be on the order of 10 percentage points, has never been bridged, even by increasing the number of sex-sorted sperm per inseminate. A concerted effort in the last few years has resulted in substantial changes in all stages of the sex-sorting process to develop an improved sex-sorted product called SexedULTRA™ (Sexing Technologies, Navasota, TX, USA). In vitro tests show that SexedULTRA™ maintained sperm integrity better than the previous XY method, and field trials were conducted to determine if this translated into improved bovine field fertility. The initial field trial was performed using ejaculates from 8 Holstein bulls located at Select Sires in Plain City (OH, USA). Each ejaculate was split in 2 aliquots that were then processed following the 2 methods (XY method or SexedULTRA™). A total of 6,930 Holstein heifers were inseminated across 41 commercial herds in the United States. Conception rate data were analysed using mixed model ANOVA (JMP 10.0.0; SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC) with fixed effects of treatment, bull, bull by treatment interaction, and the random effect of herd. Sex-sorted bull sperm following the SexedULTRA™ method resulted in a greater (P < 0.001) conception rate compared with the XY method sperm (45.7 ± 1.7 v. 41.2 ± 1.6%). This is the first report of an improvement in conception rates using sex-sorted bovine semen in a decade since it became commercially available. A second field trial to investigate dose rate effects and compare against conventional semen was performed using 5 dairy bulls located at German Genetics International GmbH in Cloppenburg (Germany). Each ejaculate was split 4 ways, sex-sorted, and frozen in 0.25-mL straws as follows: XY 2.1 million/straw, SexedULTRA™ 2.1 million/straw, SexedULTRA™ 3.0 million/straw, and SexedULTRA™ 4.0 million/straw. A total of 7,855 heifers were inseminated with these sex-sorted straws, whereas 62,398 heifers were inseminated with conventional straws (15 million/straw) produced using contemporary ejaculates from the same bulls. The 56-day nonreturn rate was calculated by sire and treatment combination, and assigned a weight based on the total number of AI for each combination thereof. Table 1 contains the nonreturn rate weighted means and the relative fertility compared to conventional sperm. Data were analysed using a mixed model ANOVA (JMP 10.0.0; SAS Institute Inc.) with treatment and bull as fixed effects. SexedULTRA™ 4.0 sperm presented the greatest (P < 0.001) 56-day nonreturn rate followed by conventional 15.0 (66.73 v. 65.66%); XY 2.1 presented the lowest (P < 0.001) nonreturn rate. This is the first time a dose response effect with sex-sorted bovine sperm and parity in conception rates with conventional semen has been demonstrated. Table 1. Field trial results for number of inseminations, 56-day nonreturn rate (NRR) weighted means, and relative fertility1 compared with conventional sperm
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Muryasari, Desiana, Rohiman Rohiman, and Iqbal Mahendra. "TINJAUAN IKONOGRAFI DAN IKONOLOGI POSTER IKLAN RED BULL “POWER ON FOR STRENGTH”." Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa 13, no. 01 (2024): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gr.v13i01.58339.
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Red Bull is an energy drink brand owned by Red Bull GmbH from Austria. With a share of Red Bull is an energy drink brand owned by Austrian company Red Bull. With a market share of 38%, Red Bull became the world's most popular energy drink brand in 2019. Rather than relying on traditional marketing methods, Red Bull gained attention and built a “brand myth” through several extreme sports series. Red Bull has repeatedly used nonverbal forms of signs and signals (icons) when designing advertising posters for its products. What is interesting to study is that the symbols used in Red Bull product advertisements have an important and lasting role. The purpose of this study is to identify the signs and markings on Red Bull's “Power on for Strength” advertising posters. The qualitative research method uses a historical approach. This research review is historical and based on Erwin Panofsky's theory of iconography and iconology. Translated with DeepL.com (free version). The iconography review emphasizes the themes and concepts in the Product advertising posters. The first conclusion regarding the visual design of the Red Bull “Power On For strength” advertising poster has factual and representational meanings. The main object is factual in the object of can packaging and the Power icon which is explicitly an expression of Red Bull can packaging is strength. The second conclusion is the theme of the advertisement about the representation of recognizable objects. The representation of familiar objects is often used to express the objective relationship between the sign of an object in the icon and the real object. The third conclusion is the meaning of the Red Bull advertising poster “Power On For Strength” Red Bull product identification process through the shape and icon of power on the object of can packaging. The can packaging symbolizes the product name Red Bull, and the Power icon as a sign of power. Using the power icon means that drinking Red Bull increases energy in the body, in other words making you feel like you just woke up.Keywords: Advertising, Poster, Iconography, Iconology, RedBullAbstrakRed Bull merupakan sebuah merek minuman energi milik Red Bull GmbH asal Austria. Dengan pangsa Red Bull adalah merek minuman energi yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan Austria Red Bull. Dengan pangsa pasar sebesar 38%, Red Bull menjadi merek minuman energi terpopuler di dunia pada tahun 2019. Daripada mengandalkan metode pemasaran tradisional, Red Bull mendapatkan perhatian dan membangun "mitos merek" melalui beberapa seri olahraga ekstrim. Red Bull telah berulang kali menggunakan bentuk tanda dan tanda (ikon) nonverbal ketika merancang poster iklan untuk produknya. Yang menarik untuk dikaji adalah simbol yang digunakan dalam iklan produk Red Bull mempunyai peranan penting dan abadi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi tanda dan penandaan pada poster iklan “Power on for Strength” Red Bull. Metode penelitian kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan sejarah. Tinjauan penelitian ini bersifat historis dan didasarkan pada teori ikonografi dan ikonografi Erwin Panofsky. Tinjauan ikonografi menekankan kepada tema dan konsep pada poster iklan Produk. Kesimpulan pertama mengenai desain visual poster iklan Red Bull “Power On For trength'' memiliki makna faktual dan representasionalnya. Objek utama bersifat faktual ialah pada objek kemasan kaleng dan ikon Power yang secara eksplisit bersifat ekspresi dari kemasan kaleng Red Bull ialah kekuatan. Kesimpulan kedua tema iklan tentang representasi objek yang mudah dikenali. representasi objek yang familiar sering digunakan untuk mengungkapkan hubungan objektif antara tanda suatu objek dalam ikon dan objek nyata. Kesimpulan ketiga adalah makna poster iklan Red Bull “Power On For Strangth” Red Bull proses identifikasi produk melalui bentuk dan ikon power pada objek kemasan kaleng. Kemasan kaleng melambangkan nama produk Red Bull, dan ikon Power sebagai tanda bentuk kekuasaan. Menggunakan ikon power berarti meminum Red Bull meningkatkan energi dalam tubuh, dengan kata lain membuat Anda merasa seperti baru bangun tidur.Kata Kunci: Iklan, Poster, Ikonografi, Ikonologi, RedBullAuthors:Desiana Muryasari : Institut Informatika dan Bisnis DarmajayaRohiman : Institut Informatika dan Bisnis DarmajayaIqbal Mahendra : Institut Informatika dan Bisnis DarmajayaReferencesAppel, G., Grewal, L., Hadi, R., & Stephen, A. T. (2020). The future of social media in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48(1), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-019-00695-1Burhan, M. A. (2008). Perkembangan Seni Lukis Mooi Indie sampai Persagi di Batavia, 1900-1942. Jakarta. Galeri Nasional Indonesia.Burhan, M. A. (2015). Lukisan Ivan Sagita “Makasih Kollwitz (2005) dalam Sejarah Seni Lukis Modern Indonesia: Tinjauan Ikonografi dan Ikonologi. Panggung, 25(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.26742/panggung.v25i1.10Firat, D. (2019). YouTube advertising value and its effects on purchase intention. Journal of Global Business Insights, 4(2), 141–155. https://doi.org/10.5038/2640-6489.4.2.1097Justin, M. R., Rohiman, R., Moussadecq, A., Darmawande, A., & Ramadhan, A. A. (2023). Iklan Layanan Masyarakat Sebagai Media Kampanye Sosial Bahaya Adiksi Game Online. Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa, 12(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.24114/gr.v12i1.42857Official Website., R. B. E. D. (2024). Red Bull Energy Drink—Official Website. https://www.redbull.com/id-id/energydrink/company-profilePanofsky, E. (1955). Meaning in the Visual Arts. Doubleday & Company, Inc.Ramadhan, A. Z. (2020). Analisis Semiotika Iklan Cetak La Lights “Jangan Mau Diadu” Versi Ayam. Gorga: Jurnal Seni Rupa, 9(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.24114/gr.v9i2.19551Rohiman, R., Mousadecq, A., Darmawan, A., & Ramadhan, A. A. (2022). Kajian Tanda Pada Poster Iklan Produk IKEA. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Darmajaya, 1(0), Article 0.Rohiman, R., Moussadecq, A., & Widakdo, D. T. (2022). Ornamen Kapal Lampung Typeface. Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa, 11(2), 439. https://doi.org/10.24114/gr.v11i2.38959Schouten, A. P., Janssen, L., & Verspaget, M. (2020). Celebrity vs. Influencer endorsements in advertising: The role of identification, credibility, and Product-Endorser fit. International Journal of Advertising, 39(2), 258–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2019.1634898Utoyo, A. W. (2020). Analisis Komunikasi Visual Pada Poster Sebagai Media Komunikasi Mendorong Jarak Sosial Di Jakarta Saat Epidemi Covid 19. LUGAS Jurnal Komunikasi, 4(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.31334/lugas.v4i1.939
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Gausia, Kaniz, Jena D. Hamadani, Md Manirul Islam, et al. "Bangla translation, adaptation and piloting of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 33, no. 3 (2008): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v33i3.1138.
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Standardized questionnaires for screening common health problems in the community often need to be translated for use in non-English speaking countries. There is a lack of literature documenting the process of translation of such questionnaire/scale that would enable their application in cross-cultural settings and standardization of the procedure. This paper reports the process of translation into Bangla of the widely used Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for use in Bangladesh. Three methods: forward translation, committee translation, and back translation were used to ensure the equivalence of the translated version. Both the English and Bangla versions were piloted among 10 social science graduates who were proficient in both the languages. The concurrence of each respondent between the two versions showed a correlation coefficient of 0.98 (p<0.01). The Bland-Altman test also showed a high degree of agreement. The piloted version was also tested with 15 women in the postnatal period and found to be suitable for women with lower educational attainment. The documentation of the translation process and the lessons learnt would be helpful in similar settings where screening questionnaires need to be adapted for local use.DOI = 10.3329/bmrcb.v33i3.1138Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2007; 33: 81-87
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Villa, Néstor A., Wilson Moreno, and Alejandro Ceballos. "Actividad de glutatión peroxidasa y superóxido dismutasa en sangre, plasma sanguíneo y plasma seminal en toros Normando." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias 21, no. 4 (2009): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.324326.
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Summary The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx; EC 1.11.1.9), and superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) in blood, blood plasma and seminal plasma, and to correlate them with seminal characteristics (i.e. volume, individual and total motility, concentration, ratio of live and death cells, and hyposmotic test) in Normande bulls. Semen and blood samples were collected from each bull (n = 20) from farms located in the high Andes mountains in Caldas State (Colombia). Data were analyzed by a linear regression model. The blood activity of GPx was 80 ± 48 U/g Hb, 0.09 ± 0.1 U/ml, and 0.9 ± 0.7 U/ml, in blood, blood plasma and seminal plasma, respectively. There was no relationship to either seminal characteristics or hyposmotic test (p > 0.05). The activity of SOD was 940 ± 374 U/g Hb, 120 ± 73 U/ml, and 5.1 ± 2.6 U/ml, in blood, blood plasma, and seminal plasma, respectively. There was a negative trend (p = 0.06) in the relationship of SOD activity in seminal plasma to hyposmotic test; however, there was no association to other seminal characteristics (p > 0.05). The blood activity of both enzymes suggested a suboptimal intake of Se, Cu, and Zn, and it was not translated into an adequate antioxidant defense of the seminal plasma. It suggested the activity of undetermined isoenzymes or and independency between blood and testicle compartments.
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Gonzalez-Marin, C., R. W. Lenz, T. B. Gilligan, et al. "191 SexedULTRA™, A NEW METHOD OF PROCESSING SEX SORTED BOVINE SPERM IMPROVES POST-THAW SPERM QUALITY AND IN VITRO FERTILITY." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 29, no. 1 (2017): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv29n1ab191.
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Since the first publications 30 years ago showing that flow cytometry was a reliable method to separate X and Y chromosome bearing sperm, the process has been subject to continual refinement. Numerous experiments have been performed in the last few years with the objective of developing an improved sex-sorted product, branded SexedULTRA™ (Sexing Technologies, Navasota, TX, USA) that retains sperm integrity to improve post-thaw sperm quality, in vitro embryo production, and field fertility compared with the previous XY method. Laboratory evaluations were performed on semen from 12 bulls at the Sexing Technologies laboratory in Navasota (TX, USA). Each ejaculate was divided in 2 aliquots and then processed in 1 of 2 methods (XY method or SexedULTRA™). Post-thaw sperm motilities were classified into percent total and progressively motile after thawing (0 h) and after a 3-h incubation at 37°C using a computer-assisted sperm motility analyzer (Hamilton Thorne IVOS II system, Hamilton Thorne Biosciences, Beverly, MA, USA). Percent intact acrosomes was also estimated after a 3-h incubation. Results were analysed by a mixed model ANOVA with the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of bull. Percent total motile SexedULTRA™ sperm was greater (P < 0.001) than sperm processed following the XY method at 0 (78.8 v. 67.2%) and 3 h (51.0% v. 39.0%) post-thaw. Likewise, there was a higher percent of progressively motile sperm both at 0 (50.7 v. 44.9%) and 3 h (31.5 v. 4.4%) post-thaw in the SexedULTRA™ sperm. Percent intact acrosomes was also greater in SexedULTRA™ sperm compared with the sperm processed following previous method (78.0 v. 64.0%). In vitro fertilizations were performed as a measure of sperm competence using 8 ejaculates from 2 bulls in Sexing Technologies IVF laboratory in Laceyville (PA, USA). Five to 10 oocytes and 5,000 motile sperm/oocyte were placed per IVF drop for the analysis. A total of 3 straws and a minimum of 800 oocytes per treatment group (ejaculate × treatment) were included in the comparison for development to 8-cell stage (cleavage rate) and to Day 7 blastocyst stage, measured as total (grades 1 to 4) and freezable (grades 1 and 2) embryos. Results were analysed using a mixed model ANOVA with treatment as a fixed effect and bull, ejaculate within bull, and IVF cycle as random effects. Results from IVF trials are shown in Table 1. Total and freezable embryo numbers were significantly higher (P < 0.05) when using SexedULTRA™ compared with XY sperm. Maintaining a suitable environment for sperm to progress through the various steps of the sex-sorting process results in better semen quality post-thaw as well as improved in vitro fertility. The SexedULTRA™ method confers a significant benefit in maintaining sperm integrity that, if translated into field fertility, could reduce the conception rate gap between conventional and sex-sorted bovine sperm. Table 1. Results from IVF and embryo culture using frozen-thawed, sex-sorted semen processed using the XY or the SexedULTRA™ method
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Fernandez-Fuertes, B., A. Blanco-Fernandez, C. J. Reid, K. G. Meade, S. Fair, and P. Lonergan. "Removal of sialic acid from bull sperm decreases motility and mucus penetration ability but increases zona pellucida binding and polyspermic penetration in vitro." Reproduction 155, no. 6 (2018): 481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-17-0429.
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This study tested the hypothesis that sperm sialic acid (Sia) is required to reach the site of fertilization, and that successful fertilization requires recognition of Sia from both the sperm and oocyte to occur. In addition, it has recently been reported that Siglecs (Sia-binding-immunoglobulin-like lectins) are present on the sperm surface. Thus, the possibility that the recognition of oocyte Sia was sperm-Siglec-mediated was also addressed. Sperm exposed to neuraminidase (NMase) exhibited lower overall and progressive motility, which translated to a decreased ability to swim through cervical mucus from cows in oestrus. In addition, when either sperm or cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were treated with NMase, a decrease in cleavage and blastocyst rate was observed. However, incubation of sperm with increasing concentrations of anti-Siglec-2, -5, -6 and -10 antibodies prior to fertilization had no effect on their fertilizing ability. Interestingly, treatment with NMase increased the number of sperm bound to the ZP but also the rate of polyspermic fertilization. Flow cytometry analysis revealed no differences in the percentage of capacitated or acrosome-reacted sperm. These results suggest that Sia are required to reach the site of fertilization but need to be removed for sperm–oocyte interaction. However, fine regulation is needed to avoid abnormal fertilization which can lead to impaired embryo development.
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Linder, Daniel. "Zbiorniki ze stęchłymi ściekami: przekład specjalistycznej terminologii w powieści detektywistycznej, przełożyła Joanna Sobesto." Przekładaniec, no. 40 (2020): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16891864pc.20.006.13169.
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Greasy Scummy Sumps: Translating Specialized Terminology in Detective Fiction Fictional texts containing specialized terms pose a challenge for literary translators. Rooted in raw factual accuracy, terms can nonetheless be used in extremely expressive ways. Raymond Chandler used oil industry terminology (bull wheel, derrick, oil field, scum, walking-beam, and especially the term sump) in his first novel The Big Sleep (1939) within intentionally artistic phrasings involving alliteration, parallel structuring and repetition. The novel was (re)translated into Spanish many times (El sueño eterno 1947, 1948, 1958, 1972 and 2001), offering a view into how different translators met this challenge. Though the published translations reveal lower frequency of repetition in all cases, inconsistent co-textual use of the terminology and usage of non-terms, omissions and errors, these instances were qualitatively compensated with creatively reproduced alliterative elements and added literary devices. This study of a seldomly explored aspect of literary translation shows how professionals are aware of the importance of language for specific purposes in literature and how effective balances between technical accuracy and literary expressiveness can be attained. For theorists who might believe that literary and technical translation are separate worlds of translatorial action, the results of this study show that literary translators tend to bridge this gap proficiently with both accuracy and literary flair.
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Linder, Daniel. "Greasy Scummy Sumps: Translating Specialized Terminology in Detective Fiction." Przekładaniec, Special issue 1/2022 (December 30, 2022): 70–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/16891864epc.22.004.16518.
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Fictional texts containing specialized terms pose a challenge for literary translators. Rooted in raw factual accuracy, such terms can nevertheless be used in very expressive ways. Raymond Chandler, for example, used oil industry terminology (bull wheel, derrick, oil field, scum, walking-beam, and especially the term sump), in his first novel The Big Sleep (1939) within intentionally artistic phraseology, involving alliteration, parallel structuring and repetition. The novel was (re)translated into Spanish a number of times (El sueño eterno 1947, 1948?, 1958, 1972 and 2001), enabling an analysis into how different translators met this challenge. Though the published translations reveal a lower frequency of repetition in all cases, as well as inconsistent co-textual use of the terminology and usage of non-terms, omissions and errors, these instances are often qualitatively compensated for with creatively reproduced alliterative elements and added literary devices. This study of a seldomly explored aspect of literary translation shows how professionals are aware of the importance of language for specific purposes in literature and how effective balances between technical accuracy and literary expressiveness can be attained. For theorists who consider that literary and technical translation are separate fields, the results show that literary translators tend to bridge this gap proficiently with both accuracy and literary flair.
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Sk, Abdul Salam, and Om Prakash Tiwari Dr. "The Man in the Artist in the Selected Novels of John Oliver Killens." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 03, no. 06 (2018): 447–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1296833.
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John Oliver Killens’s politically charged novels And Then We Heard the Thunder and The Cotillion; or One Good Bull Is Half the Herd, were nominated for the Pulitzer Prize. His works of fiction and nonfiction, the most famous of which is his novel Youngblood, have been translated into more than a dozen languages. An influential novelist, essayist, screenwriter, and teacher, he was the founding chair of the Harlem Writers Guild and mentored a generation of black writers at Fisk, Howard, Columbia, and elsewhere. Killens is recognized as the spiritual father of the Black Arts Movement. In this first major biography of Killens, Keith Gilyard examines the life and career of the man who was perhaps the premier African American writer-activist from the 1950s to the 1980s. Gilyard extends his focus to the broad boundaries of Killens’s times and literary achievement—from the Old Left to the Black Arts Movement and beyond. Figuring prominently in these pages are the many important African American artists and political figures connected to the author from the 1930s to the 1980s—W. E. B. Du Bois, Paul Robeson, Alphaeus Hunton, Langston Hughes, James Baldwin, Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, Harry Belafonte, and Maya Angelou, among others.
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Whalen, Brett. "Rethinking the Schism of 1054: Authority, Heresy, and the Latin Rite." Traditio 62 (2007): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900000519.
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In the year 1053, at the request of the Byzantine patriarch, Michael Kerullarios (1043–58), Archbishop Leo of Ochrid denounced the “priesthood of the Franks and the reverend pope” for observing Jewish rites through their celebration of the Eucharist with azymes, the same kind of unleavened bread used for Passover. Leo made these accusations in a letter addressed to John, archbishop of Trani in southern Italy, a region of coexisting Latin and Greek religious traditions that had been destabilized by the recent invasion of the Normans. The epistle was subsequently passed along to papal confidante Humbert of Silva Candida, who translated it into Latin and presented it to Pope Leo IX (1048–54). Around that same time, the two churchmen also heard news that the Greek patriarch had anathematized all those observing the Latin rite in Constantinople. A flurry of inconclusive correspondence ensued between the pope, the patriarch, and the Byzantine ruler, Constantine IX Monomachos (1042–55). In response to this persistent crisis, Pope Leo dispatched a legation to Constantinople that included Humbert, Frederick of Lorraine, and Peter of Amalfi. On 16 July 1054, after a series of acrimonious debates, the legates deposited a bull of excommunication against Kerullarios and his supporters on the high altar at Hagia Sophia. The patriarch responded in kind by excommunicating Humbert and his followers.
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Kulikov, Dmitry Ye. "Review of: Adam C. Schwartz. The Oracle Bone Inscriptions from Huayuanzhuang East. Boston/Berlin: Walter de Gruyter Inc., 2019. Divinatory Inscriptions from the Eastern Sector of Huayuanzhuang in Yinxu." Oriental Courier, no. 4 (2022): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310023835-6.
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This review considers the book of the American sinologist A. Schwartz “The Oracle Bone Inscriptions from Huayuanzhuang East. Translated with an Introduction and Commentary” was published in 2019. The book is a commented translation and study of inscriptions on divination bones (turtle shields and bull shoulder blades) from the eastern sector of Huayuanzhuang in Yinxu (Anyang, Henan). This epigraphic monument dates back to the turn of the 13th–12th centuries BC and currently represents the most complete and interesting corpus of divinatory inscriptions. Despite the fact that the inscriptions under consideration cover a relatively short period of time, they contain many details, which, as if piece by piece, form the general picture of Shan reality. It is noteworthy that the customer of these divinations was not the Shang ruler, but a figure from his inner circle — Zi, who was presumably the son of the wang. After a thorough analysis of the inscriptions, A. Schwartz offers a reconstruction of various aspects of the daily activities, rituals, and life of the elite of the Shan society — the wang, his reigning wife, the prince, and the persons who are in their subordination. The basis of A. Schwartz’s research is a complete translation of divinatory inscriptions into English, so this review focuses on the problems of interpreting the most important terms found in divinatory inscriptions from the Eastern Huayuanzhuang Sector.
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M, Deepa. "Barathi's Eternal love towards Kuil." Barathi's Eternal love towards Kuil 7, Sp 1 (2019): 40–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2588200.
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Bharathi is the godfather of modern Tamil poetry. He is a genius in the exact sense of the term, is a polyglot and a polymath. While in Kasi he would sit on the steps of the Ganga and pore over with rapture the poems of Shelley. Not only that, he explicated Shelley to his willing friends. He established the ‘Shelleyan Guild’ in Ettayapuram. During his exile in Pondicherry he became friends with Shri Aurobindo from whom he learnt the secrets of Vedas and the Upanishads. He indicted verses Vedic in spirit. He had translated ‘The Bhagavad Geetha’ into Tamil. There is ample evidence in his Kuyil Paattu to show that he did something to hoodwink his critics, Mahadevan commenting on the conclusion of the Kuyil Paattu says: “Thus the poem ends on a dry, almost ironical note merely for the purpose of forestalling the type of critic who is obstreperously impercipient.” The dramatist personae of the Kuyil Paattu are Bharathi, a polyglot Kuyil, a monkey, a bull( the last two being in essence ghouls) a couple of young hunters a saint and a few nominal characters. Bharathi deliberately provided enough room for Pseudo-critics to animadvert his work. So, he clearly, though casually subjoined to his poem a riddle that would baf e all cynics, critics, criticasters and also a few good readers.
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Pajares, Eterio. "Censura y traducción." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 52, no. 1 (2006): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.52.1.02paj.
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Abstract Britain’s involvement in the War of the Spanish Succession was such a heavy burden for this country that many essays were written against prolonging the struggle. To this, John Arbuthnot (this satire was wrongly attributed to Swift for many years) contributed with The History of John Bull, a collection of fine satirical pamphlets designed to put and end to the campaign, and advocating a return to peace and common sense. It was soon translated into French and, from this language, Juan Ignacio de Ayestaran tried to produce a Spanish version. However, this version was not authorised by the harsh and voracious Spanish censorship of the period. This essay offers a comparative critical study of the translation and analyses the censors’ reasons for rejecting it. The close reading of this fine satirical work makes the arguments for rebuffing the authorisation so obvious that one wonders to what extent some eighteenth century translators were really aware of the time they were living in and the aesthetic distance between two countries so geographically near but so alien in freedom and tradition. Résumé Le rôle de la Grande-Bretagne dans la guerre de succession espagnole a été un tel fardeau pour ce pays que de nombreux essais ont été écrits contre la poursuite de la lutte. John Arbuthnot y a contribué avec L’histoire de John Bull (pendant de nombreuses années, cette satire a été attribuée à tort à Swift). Cette collection de superbes pamphlets satiriques, conçus pour mettre fin à la campagne et préconisant le retour à la paix et au bon sens, a rapidement été traduite en français. En partant de cette langue, Juan Ignacio de Ayestaran a tenté de produire une version espagnole. Toutefois, cette version n’a pas été autorisée par la censure espagnole, dure et dévorante, de l’époque. Cet essai propose une étude critique comparative de la traduction et analyse les raisons pour lesquelles le censeur l’a rejetée. Une lecture attentive de cette belle oeuvre satirique rend tellement évidents les arguments invoqués pour l’interdire qu’on se demande dans quelle mesure certains traducteurs du dix-huitième siècle étaient vraiment conscients de l’époque où ils vivaient et de la distance esthétique entre deux pays, si proches géographiquement parlant et pourtant si distants sur le plan de la liberté et de la tradition.
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Mitkovski, Mishko. "Book Review: Functions with disconnected spectrum: Sampling, interpolation, translates." Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 55, no. 4 (2017): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/bull/1593.
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Mohamed, Fadel Ali. "Appendix – Rock-Carvings at Kharsah Fadel." Libyan Studies 25 (January 1994): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900006221.
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[Dr Fadel was kind enough to provide the information given below at very short notice in two notes, one in English and one in Arabic (which was originally translated for us by Raymond Stock, M.A., Asian and Middle Eastern Department, University of Pennsylvania). The contents of the two notes have been combined here, after helpful discussion with Dr Hafid Walda of King's College London. We look forward to a more complete presentation of this important site in the near future (D.W., J.M.R.).]The rock-carvings which are the subject of this note were found in 1980 when a group of amateur archaeologists from Derna discovered an ancient site near modern Kharsah (in antiquity the small harbour of Chersis, Ptolemy, Geog. IV.2). The group, consisting of Faraj Al-Mzaini, Mustapha Ab-Shiha, Abdulla Ben Umran, Murzook Husain and Salheen Mansuri, observed traces of ancient occuption on the summit of the coastal hill known as Ras el-Gemal (Camel's Head), c. 20 km west of Derna, near the offshore island identifiable as ancient Aphrodisias (S. Stucchi, Architettura Cirenaica [Roma 1975] 108, n. 3), and beside a small wadi bringing water to the sea from the Gebel to the south. On the hill, which is a rocky outcrop full of caves, Mr Ramadan Kwaider, Inspector in Charge of Museums in the Department of Antiquities at Shahat, reported rock-cut representations of animals. They include long-horned cattle, certainly a cow (fig. 5), perhaps a bull, although this may be a Barbary sheep (fig. 6), along with an animal that resembles an elephant, drawn below the cow, at the bottom of the carved area – it is very small, but the space available was very small.
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Shoma, Farzana Khan, Ziaur Rahman Chowdhury, Farzana Hossain, Abul Khair Mohammad Salek, Moshiur Rahman Khasru, and Md Nuruzzaman Khandaker. "Intra-articular Injection of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) and Plateletrich Plasma (PRP) in the Treatment of Mild and Moderate Osteoarthritis of Knee." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 47, no. 1 (2022): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v47i1.55800.
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Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disorder worldwide and is associated with significant pain and disability. Introduction of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection has been viewed as an advance in the management of OA knee. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of PRP and Hyaluronic Acid (HA) in the treatment of mild and moderate OA knee Methods: The present randomized clinical trial had been conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from 2018 to 2019. A total of 154 patients with mild and moderate OA knee were randomly allocated into two groups: group A (received PRP injection) and group B (received HA injection) where 133 patients completed the follow-up schedule. Outcomes were measured by OA specific translated and validated Bengali instrument- Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire and visual analogue scale (VAS 0-10). They were followed-up for 6 months. Results: There was no significant statistical difference at the baseline between the groups regarding age, sex, grading of OA knee, side involvement, mean duration of the disease, VAS scores and WOMAC scores. After one month, VAS score significantly decreased in PRP group compared to HA group (p<0.001). However, there was no statistical difference regarding total WOMAC scores between two groups (p=0.063). In third and sixth month, VAS score significantly decreased in PRP group compared to HA group (p<0.001). Though the stiffness and physical activity scores of WOMAC did not reduce significantly, the pain score reduced significantly in PRP group compared to HA group. In both groups, significant reduction of VAS and WOMAC total scores was observed after six months follow-up compared to baseline values (p<0.001). Conclusion: Intra-articular platelet-rich plasma improves pain and function of the knee in patients with osteoarthritis. Though intra-articular hyaluronic acid also improves pain and function in the foot, PRP is more effective than hyaluronic acid. Multi-centered clinical trial with long term follow-up should be conducted to see the effects of PRP and HA. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2021; 47(1): 62-69
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Kieft, S., and I. Schaap. "The evaluation of IMR in crisis resolution home treatment, a mixed methods study protocol." European Psychiatry 66, S1 (2023): S111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.305.
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IntroductionIn the past years, recovery has become a central concept in psychiatric treatment (Sowers et al. Acad Psychiatry 2016; 40 461-467). However, in acute mental health care the concept of recovery is lacking attention (Rabenschlag et al. Psychiatry Q 2014; 85 225-239; Jaeger et al. Nord J Psychiatry 2015; 69 188-195; Luigi et al. Can. Med. Educ. J. 2010; 11 62-73). In 2021 a short version of Illness Management and Recovery (IMR) was implemented at the Psychiatric Emergency Service Amsterdam-Amstelland (SPAA). IMR is an evidence based group intervention for patients with severe mental illness, based on cognitive-behavioral, psychoeducational and motivational components. The aim of IMR is to support participants to manage their mental illness (Mueser et al. Schizophr Bull 2006; 32 32-43). To our knowledge this the first time that IMR is implemented within an acute mental health care setting Therefore the effects of IMR program on recovery in the acute phase of psychiatric illness are unknown.ObjectivesInsight in effects of IMR in acute mental health care.MethodsWe will carry out a mixed method study. In phase 1 the intervention will be carried out. 25 patients who are admitted to acute mental health care and diagnosed with a severe mental illness (SMI) will take part in the shortened version of IMR. Effects will be measured by the client version of the IMR-scale (Salyers et al. Community Ment. Health J. 2007; 43 459-480).Phase 2 includes qualitative interviews with a subsample from phase 1 (using maximum variety in diagnosis and demographic characteristics) to gain insight in the mechanisms and impact of the program.ResultsThe proposed study will investigate the effects of an adjusted evidenced-based treatment within a population of people who receive treatment in a Psychiatric Emergency Service. The original intervention is shortened in time and topics, to match the needs of people in the acute phase of psychiatric illness. The question that arises is if an existing treatment can be translated to a different group of patients.ConclusionsThe proposed project has some important limitations that we feel deserve mentioning. It is questionable if a person can profit from a recovery program during a phase of acute crisis. Also, can we expect the same effects if the new program is a shortened version of the original evidence based intervention?Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
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Hunting, Ellard R., S. Henrik Barmentlo, Maarten Schrama, Peter M. van Bodegom, Yujia Zhai, and Martina G. Vijver. "Agricultural constraints on microbial resource use and niche breadth in drainage ditches." PeerJ 5 (December 22, 2017): e4175. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4175.
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BackgroundMicroorganisms govern important ecosystems processes, in particular the degradation of organic matter (OM). However, microorganisms are rarely considered in efforts to monitor ecosystem health and functioning. Evidence suggests that environmental perturbations can adversely affect microbial communities and their ability to use available substrates. However, whether impacted microbial efficiencies in extracting and utilizing the available resources (resource niche breadth) translate to changes in OM degradation in natural systems remains poorly understood.MethodsHere we evaluated effects of differences in OM related to agricultural land use (OM derived from ditches adjacent to grasslands, bulb fields and a pristine dune area) on microbial functioning. We specifically assessed (1) resource niche breadths of microbial communities during initial community assembly in laboratory microcosms and already established natural communities, and (2) how changes in community resource niche breadth translates to the degradation of natural OM.ResultsA disparity existed between microbial resource niche breadth in laboratory incubations and natural microbial communities. Resource utilization and niche breadth of natural microbial communities was observed to be constrained in drainage ditches adjacent to agricultural fields. This outcome coincides with retarded degradation of natural OM collected from ditches adjacent to hyacinth bulb fields. Microbial communities in bulb field ditches further showed functional redundancy when offered grassland OM of seemingly higher substrate quality.DiscussionResults presented in this study suggest that agricultural practices can impose constraints on microbial functional diversity by reducing OM resource quality, which can subsequently translate to confined microbial resource niche differentiation and reduced organic matter degradation rates. This hints that assessments of actual microbial resource utilization and niche differentiation could potentially be used to assess the ecological health and functioning of natural communities.
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Makarem, Nisrine N., Lucy R. Tavitian-Elmadjian, Dayana Brome, Ghassan N. Hamadeh, and Ståle Einarsen. "Assessment of workplace bullying: reliability and validity of an Arabic version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R)." BMJ Open 8, no. 12 (2018): e024009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024009.
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IntroductionInterest in workplace bullying has been steadily growing since the 1990s, focusing on understanding its driving factors, prevalence rates in different occupations and countries, its consequences, as well as the characteristics of the typical bully and victim. Currently, the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) is the most frequently used questionnaire to assess workplace bullying. Studies in the Arab world are scarce and to date the NAQ-R has not been validated in Arabic, the official or co-official language in around 25 countries in the Middle East and Asia. The aim of this study was therefore to develop an Arabic version of NAQ-R.Materials and methods447 participants aged 18–70 years were recruited through convenient sampling. Exclusion criteria were illiteracy and employment for less than 6 months. Participants were recruited from shops, banks, travel agencies and restaurants in an area in central Beirut around a tertiary care medical centre.A two-stage process was employed to translate the original version of NAQ-R to Arabic. This translated version along with validated Arabic versions of the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory II were distributed to participants.ResultsA 14-item two-factor NAQ-R, with subscales of person-related and work-related bullying, was supported. Reliability coefficients for total and subscale scores of the NAQ-R ranged from 0.63 to 0.90. The Arabic NAQ-R had good concurrent validity as indicated by significant correlations with depression and satisfaction with life (p< 0.05).ConclusionNAQ-R was translated to Arabic and adapted. The results revealed acceptable levels of reliability and construct validity. As for the underlying factor structure, it needs to be further supported.
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Keizer, Alieke L., Paul J. M. van Kesteren, Caroline Terwee, Maria E. de Lange, Wouter J. K. Hehenkamp, and Helen S. Kok. "Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Quality of Life questionnaire (UFS-QOL NL) in the Dutch population: a validation study." BMJ Open 11, no. 11 (2021): e052664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052664.
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ObjectiveUterine fibroids can cause a variety of symptoms in women, from heavy menstrual bleeding and dysmenorrhea to bulk symptoms. The Uterine Fibroid Symptom and health-related Quality Of Life questionnaire (UFS-QOL) is a patient-reported outcome measure developed for assessing fibroid-related symptoms in a standardised way. Our aim was to translate and validate the UFS-QOL in Dutch.DesignValidation study.SettingPatients were recruited by a gynaecologist at the outpatient clinic.ParticipantsWomen with uterine fibroids.MethodsThe UFS-QOL was translated into Dutch (UFS-QOL NL) and validated through testing construct validity (comprising of structural validity and hypotheses testing), reliability, responsiveness and interpretability, assessing floor and ceiling effects and minimal important change. An option to answer ‘not applicable’ was added to the translated questionnaire.Results191 women with uterine fibroids completed the UFS-QOL NL at baseline, after 2 weeks and after 3 months. The questionnaire retained the same factor structure after translation (Comparative Fit Index 0.94–0.95; Tucker-Lewis fit Index 0.93–0.95; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation 0.10–0.11) and correlations to other questionnaires (RAND 36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction) were generally moderate, as hypothesised (Pearson’s r 0.3–0.7). We found a sufficient reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients of approximately 0.8–0.9 for all subscales. Responsiveness was sufficient when testing hypotheses comparing women who had surgery with those who did not. Cronbach’s alpha was higher than 0.7 for all subscales, indicating sufficient internal consistency and there were no concerns about floor or ceiling effects. Minimal important change could not be calculated due to low correlation between the different subscales and the anchor question.ConclusionsThe results support the measurement properties of the Dutch UFS-QOL for assessing fibroid-related symptoms and health-related quality of life in Dutch women with uterine fibroids.
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Copeliovitch, Andrea. "Dançar o Zen: Aprendizado e poéticas de um processo." Todas as Artes Revista Luso-Brasileira de Artes e Cultura 3, no. 3 (2020): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/21843805/tav3n3a6.
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This article discusses an experimental creative process that relates Zen Buddhism, Antonin Artaud, Jerzy Grotowski and Brazilian dances (bumba-meu-boi, cavalo marinho, and coco), using the study of a symbolic body proposed by Graziela Rodrigues; taking as an example the choreography The Bull and the Void, based on the Buddhist tale, The Monk and the Bull (by Monja Coen Roshi and Fernando Zenshô Figueiredo). The choreography is a composition that incorporates zen buddhist rites elements, Japanese anime aesthetics and dances from Brazilian north and northeast, organized by theatre techniques, where the impulse towards physical action is the starting point of the score. This union of techniques and apprenticeships translates the history of the dancing body. The dancer, the Zen Buddhist practitioner andthe bull meet in poiesis´ circular movement, always in search of a poetic happening.
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Semikolennykh, Maria. "Basilios Bessarion on George of Trebizond’s translation of Plato’s Laws." European Journal of Humour Research 9, no. 2 (2021): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2021.9.2.480.
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George of Trebizond (1395-1472) has spent a significant part of his life translating Greek books into Latin. The bulk of his translations is impressive: from Ptolemy’s Almagest to John Chrysostom’s homilies and works by Cyril of Alexandria, Basil the Great, Gregory of Nyssa, and Aristotle. He was quite an experienced translator, who had worked out an elaborated method explained in several writings. At the height of his career, George rather hastily translated Plato’s Laws. The haste and, probably, George’s bias against Plato and Platonism resulted in numerous inaccuracies of translation. Several years later, Basilios Bessarion closely scrutinized these faults in the fifth book of his In Calumniatorem Platonis, a comprehensive work aiming to refute the arguments set out in George of Trebizond’s anti-Platonic treatise Comparatio Philosophorum Aristotelis et Platonis. The paper analyses the use of such rhetorical devices as sarcasm and irony in Bessarion’s In Calumniatorem Platonis and especially in his commentary on George’s translation of Laws; it also aims to demonstrate how Bessarion turns George of Trebizond into a comic figure, thus compromising both the opponent and his interpretation of Plato’s doctrine.
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FABBRI, ALESSANDRO, and GIOVANNI PAOLO PROCOPIO. "THE HOLOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION OF HAWKING RADIATION." International Journal of Modern Physics D 17, no. 13n14 (2008): 2433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271808014102.
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Holography gives us a tool for viewing the Hawking effect from a new, classical perspective. In the context of Randall–Sundrum braneworld models, we show that the basic features of four-dimensional evaporating solutions are nicely translated into classical, five-dimensional language. This includes the possible dual bulk description of particles tunneling through the horizon.
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Paknahad, Ali A., Liam Kerr, Daniel A. Wong, Michael C. Kolios, and Scott S. H. Tsai. "Biomedical nanobubbles and opportunities for microfluidics." RSC Advances 11, no. 52 (2021): 32750–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra04890b.
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The use of bulk nanobubbles in biomedicine is increasing in recent years. This translates into new opportunities for microfluidics, which may enable the generation of higher quality nanobubbles that lead to advances in diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Paknahad, Ali A., Liam Kerr, Daniel A. Wong, Michael C. Kolios, and Scott S. H. Tsai. "Biomedical nanobubbles and opportunities for microfluidics." RSC Advances 11, no. 52 (2021): 32750–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra04890b.
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The use of bulk nanobubbles in biomedicine is increasing in recent years. This translates into new opportunities for microfluidics, which may enable the generation of higher quality nanobubbles that lead to advances in diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Ivanov, Ivaylo, and Miglena Molhova. "Bulgaria's Technological Development Through the Prism of Higher Education Policies." Strategies for Policy in Science and Education-Strategii na Obrazovatelnata i Nauchnata Politika 31, no. 3s (2023): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/str2023-3s-6-bul.
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The current paper aims at studying the technological development and the economic growth related with it from the perspective of the development of human brains and cognitive abilities of people, thus linking it to the educational framework, strategies, and policies, which a country sets as a basis for such development. The paper focuses on the technological development of Bulgaria and relating it to the country’s educational development. The research question set in the current paper is if and how technological development of a country is influenced by its educational policies in the field of higher education. Main results of the study show that Bulgaria has implemented a number of educational changes during the past 30 years, arguing that doing so will assist the nation achieve higher levels of socioeconomic development. There are still significant educational inequalities based on location and socioeconomic background, and overall productivity increases have not yet fully translated into sustainable and equitable growth in Bulgaria.
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BRYDEN, MICHELLE D., and HOWARD BRENNER. "Mass-transfer enhancement via chaotic laminar flow within a droplet." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 379 (January 25, 1999): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112098003395.
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The Stokes flow occurring within a non-neutrally buoyant spherical droplet translating by buoyancy through an immiscible liquid which is undergoing simple shear is shown to be chaotic under many circumstances for which the droplet translates by buoyancy through the entraining fluid. This flow is easily produced, for example, when the droplet rises (or falls) through the annular space of a vertical concentric-cylinder Couette viscometer or through a vertical Poiseuille flow. The parameters studied include: (i) droplet/bulk fluid viscosity ratio; (ii) shear strength/bubble rise velocity ratio; and (iii) the angle between the translational bubble velocity vector and the vorticity vector characterizing the undisturbed shear. Streamlines existing within a droplet that translates perpendicular to this vorticity vector are shown to be non-chaotic for all choices of physical parameters. Other relative orientations frequently contain chaotic trajectories. When solute initially dissolved within the droplet is extracted into the bulk fluid, the resulting overall mass-transfer coefficient (calculated via generalized Taylor dispersion theory) quantifying the extraction rate at asymptotically long times is shown to be significantly higher in the chaotic flow case.
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Bulanin, Dmitrii. "Francis Thomson and his “Clavis” to Ancient Slavic Translated Literature." Slovene 11, no. 1 (2022): 379–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2022.11.1.16.
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The article deals with the academic legacy of Francis Thomson (1935–2021), an outstanding connoisseur of Medieval Slavic literature, who especially distinguished himself in the study of the translated section of this literature. The article also discusses fundamental the prominent academic’s source studies and bibliographic studies, in the course of which he established and described the originals of hundreds and even thousands of translated texts that exist in Church Slavonic. These texts entered the bulk of literature accumulated by South and East Slavs in the period between the 9th and the first quarter of the 18th century. The discoveries of Francis Thomson are first of all reflected in his articles, of which more than one and a half hundred are published, and which are already highly appreciated in Slavistics. His discoveries are also fixed in his famous “cartotheca,” of which little was known, mainly from the words of its creator. This project was conceived first as a “clavis” to the repertoire of Slavic translated literature, but taking into account the rich information contained therein, we can state that it went far beyond its original purpose. The author of the handwritten “cartotheca” worked on it for fifty years, and, already during his lifetime, it turned into a kind of a legend among specialists. Currently, this opus magnum of the researcher is located at the Catholic University of Leuven (Louvain), where its net publication is being prepared. It can be said without exaggeration that further study of the translated literature of the medieval Slavs is unthinkable without taking into account the work of Francis Thomson.
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Jordan, Bertrand. "Chroniques génomiques." médecine/sciences 36, no. 6-7 (2020): 675–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2020108.
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A systematic search for non-conventional open reading frames in human DNA reveals a large number of small ORFs encoding peptides generally smaller than 100 amino-acids. These ORFs are transcribed and translated into small proteins, which are demonstrated to have functional significance by bulk CRISPR inactivation. Evidence is also found for bicistronic mRNAs including such a small ORF upstream of a canonical coding sequence. These findings add a new facet to our understanding of biological processes.
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Huxley, Andrew. "‘The Traditions of Mahosadha’: legal reasoning from Northern Thailand." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 60, no. 2 (1997): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00036417.
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Twenty years ago hardly any legal texts from the Middle Mekong region were known. Now more than a 150 legal manuscripts have been borrowed from monastery book-chests, cleaned and microfilmed. Only one of these discoveries has been translated into a non-Thai language, but that is a substantial and important text. Aroonrut Wichienkeeo's and Gehan Wijeyewardene's Laws of King Mangrai translates a manuscript from ‘The Elephant Supported Temple’ in Nan which Richard Davis arranged to be copied. Reviewing it in these pages I suggested that the MS has jumbled together four distinct works in two broad categories. The bulk of the text consists of rules about family, theft and compensation drawn from works called Worldly law and the law of Dhamma (§1–49) and Mangrai's Dhammathat (§50–76). The rest of the MS deals with legal precedents rather than rules and can be divided into a collection of judgement tales (title unknown) (§77–87) and The traditions of King Mahosot (§88–106). There are corruptions, lacunae and interpolations throughout, but the earlier sections can at least be checked against other recensions of Northern Thai law. That is not possible for the last 20 sections: there is nothing in the surviving literature remotely similar to The traditions of King Mahosot. In this paper I attempt to reconstruct the original intentions of its author on contextual grounds: knowing what we do about Middle Mekong legal culture, what is the most plausible reconstruction of this damaged, but fascinating, work? My main aim will have been met if I can make the text more accessible to legal and political historians.
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Knipper, Martin, Jürgen Parisi, Kevin Coakley, Christoph Waldauf, Christoph J. Brabec, and Vladimir Dyakonov. "Impedance Spectroscopy on Polymer-Fullerene Solar Cells." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 62, no. 9 (2007): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2007-0904.
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Impedance spectroscopy is used for studying the electrical transport properties of bulk heterojunction solar cells. A replacement circuit is needed to translate the frequency response of the circuit to the individual interfaces and layers of the solar cell. As a material combination and device architecture, composites of P3HT and PCBM, sandwiched between a transparent ITO front electrode and an aluminum back electrode, as well as a polymer buffer layer were investigated. By varying the film thickness we identified an equivalent circuit capable to fit our experimental data. We found a dielectric constant for the P3HT and for the P3HT:PCBM bulk.
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Seweryn, Artur, Tomasz Wasilewski, and Anita Bocho-Janiszewska. "Correlations between the Type of Aggregates in the Bulk Phase and the Functionality and Safety of All-Purpose Cleaners." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 12 (2021): 6592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126592.
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The article shows that the type and concentration of inorganic salt can be translated into the structure of the bulk phase and the performance properties of ecological all-purpose cleaners (APC). A base APC formulation was developed. Thereafter, two types of salt (sodium chloride and magnesium chloride) were added at various concentrations to obtain different structures in the bulk phase. The salt addition resulted in the formation of spherical micelles and—upon addition of more electrolyte—of aggregates having a lamellar structure. The formulations had constant viscosities (ab. 500 mPa·s), comparable to those of commercial products. Essential physical-chemical and performance properties of the four formulations varying in salt types and concentrations were evaluated. It was found that the addition of magnesium salt resulted in more favorable characteristics due to the surface activity of the formulations, which translated into adequately high wettability of the investigated hydrophobic surfaces, and their ability to emulsify fat. A decreasing relationship was observed in foaming properties: higher salt concentrations lead to worse foaming properties and foam stability of the solutions. For the magnesium chloride composition, the effect was significantly more pronounced, as compared to the sodium chloride-based formulations. As far as safety of use is concerned, the formulations in which magnesium salt was used caused a much lesser irritation compared with the other investigated formulations. The zein value was observed to decrease with increasing concentrations of the given type of salt in the composition.
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Kambo, Petrus, Yuhi Yamanouchi, Antomne A. Caunes, Kota Yamaguchi, Mitsuru Izumi, and Tetsuya Ida. "Design Study of an HTS Linear Power Generator Suitable for Wave Energy Converter." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2545, no. 1 (2023): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2545/1/012026.
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Abstract In this paper, we show a conceptual structure of a direct drive linear power generator with REBaCuO high-temperature superconducting (HTS) bulk field poles for wave energy conversion. The proposed linear power generator structure is comprised of a moving armature coil and HTS bulks concept, which we call it a dual translator power generation system. Its performance has been analyzed using a finite-element electromagnetic field analysis method. A determination of the main machine parameters for the dual translator HTS linear power generator was conducted. Simulation results were compared between our dual translator HTS linear generator structure and the use of permanent magnets (PMs) for the field poles of that structure. It was found that the electromotive forces, electromagnetic forces and output power of the dual translator HTS linear power generator structure are 1.67, 2.63 and 2.60 times superior to that of dual translator PM linear generator structure, respectively. A combination of the dual translator power generation system and HTS bulks has the potential to help us to achieve higher torque and higher output power despite low ocean wave speed, which is important to achieve practical application of ocean power generation systems.
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Couples, Gary D. "Phenomenological understanding of poroelasticity via the micromechanics of a simple digital-rock model." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 4 (2019): WA161—WA182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0577.1.
Full textAbstract:
Poroelasticity is a material concept that expresses the reversible, macroscale process interactions that occur in a porous material, such as rocks. These process interactions take place between the pore fluids and the rock framework (or “skeleton”) that contains the pores. The phenomenological basis of poro-elasticity is examined via a micromechanics analysis, using a simplified digital-rock model that consists of solid elements in a lattice arrangement, and which hosts a well-connected, lattice-like network of simply shaped pore elements. The quasistatic poromechanical bulk response of this model is defined fully by closed-form equations that provide a clear understanding of the process interactions and that allow key effects to be identified. Several external boundary conditions (nonisotropic strain and stress) are analyzed, with drained and undrained pore-fluid conditions, along with arbitrary pore pressure states. The calculated responses of the pore-scale model, when translated into continuum-scale equivalent behaviors, indicate significant problems with the existing theories of poroelasticity that are rooted in an enriched-continuum perspective. Specifically, the results indicate that the principle of effective stress (and the Biot coefficient alpha) is wrongly attributed to a deficiency in the role of pore pressure. Instead, the micromechanics-based phenomenological understanding identifies the change of effective stress, in a characteristically confined setting, as being the result of changes in the stress components, with a key dependency on the specifics of the far-field constraints. Thus, poroelasticity is not a material characteristic; instead, it is a description of a nonlinear system operating at the pore scale. The analysis reveals a discrepancy between the stress states within the model domain and the external stress state. This yet remains to be addressed, to translate the microscale behavior into an equivalent material law.
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Grigg, Gordon, Lyn Beard, Birgit Dörges, et al. "Strategic (adaptive) hypothermia in bull dromedary camels during rut; could it increase reproductive success?" Biology Letters 5, no. 6 (2009): 853–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0450.
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In this study of body temperatures ( T b ) in free ranging dromedary camels, we found that bulls in rut start the days cooler. Daily minima during rut averaged 0.6°C lower than at other times (95% CI 0.27–0.94°C) and daily maxima averaged 0.45°C higher (95% CI −0.01 to –0.91°C), increasing the daily T b cycle. Knut Schmidt-Nielsen described a similar pattern in captive dromedaries deprived of water in hot conditions, which he interpreted as a strategy to conserve water. Our observations were made in winter and with water freely available. Dromedaries can apparently employ heterothermy for more than just water conservation. In the strenuous daily contests between rival bulls in rut, a lower T b early in the day should extend the time for which a contestant can challenge or defend before heat stress becomes a problem. Calculations show that lowering T b by even 0.6°C extends that time by more than 30 min, and many daily minima during rut were lower than that. Because the eventual winner of contests gains or retains a herd of females, we speculate that cooler T b at the start of daily contests confers an advantage which translates directly into increased reproductive success.
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Garcia, Benjamin J., Aurora Kraus, and Irene Salinas. "Peripheral viral detection induces an antimicrobial program in olfactory bulb immature neurons." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (2023): 61.23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.61.23.
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Abstract The immune and nervous systems have co-evolved to sense and eliminate danger. Neuroimmune interactions occur bidirectionally between the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS) in physiological and disease states. In the olfactory periphery, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are exposed to environmental pathogens and project their axons onto the olfactory bulb. Previous studies have shown that the olfactory bulb participates in the immune response when a pathogen directly invades the CNS. We hypothesize that immune responses occur in the olfactory bulb in response to peripheral pathogen detection by OSNs. We have leveraged zebrafish as a model organism to study neuronal signaling in response to peripheral viral stimuli without infection of the olfactory bulb. Using single cell RNA sequencing we demonstrate that microglia respond to peripheral viral stimuli within 15 min, while a population of immature neurons expressing the neurotransmitter adcyap1(PACAP-38) and scg5(secretogranin V) expands within one day. PACAP-38 is a highly conserved neuropeptide with immunomodulatory and antimicrobial functions in mammals, suggesting that immature neurons participate in the antiviral state of the olfactory bulb. Neuronal transcriptional responses to olfactory viral stimuli were coupled to neuronal activation in the olfactory bulb. Furthermore, neuronal changes are translated into behavioral responses, as shown by a reduced mean velocity in an open field test after one day in virally treated compared to control animals. Taken together, these results indicating that peripheral viral stimuli induce a neuropeptide-based antimicrobial program in the olfactory bulb of adult zebrafish.
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Gu, Chenmeng, Jian Gao, and Jingmin Cheng. "Research on Public Trust in Bulk Food Supervision and Sampling Inspection from the Perspective of Network Public Opinion." Journal of Medicine, Humanity and Media 2, no. 4 (2024): 17–36. https://doi.org/10.62787/mhm.v2i4.127.
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From the perspective of online public opinion, this paper analyzes the trust of Chinese consumers in bulk food safety supervision and sampling inspection from the three dimensions of emotion, attitude and values.It finds that netizens are very concerned about the current situation of bulk food supervision and sampling inspection, and the high qualified rate of bulk food is difficult to translate into subjective security accordingly. Based on the analysis of the supervision and sampling inspection status of bulk food in China from 2016 to 2020 on Sina Weibo and Toutiao, a trust evaluation model of the qualified rate of the supervision and sampling inspection is constructed. It is believed that the netizens' attitude and trust of the supervision and sampling inspection is increasing year by year, while their feelings and values are low. It is mainly influenced by the supervision and sampling work itself, the public itself, media, social environment and background. In this regard, the corresponding suggestions are put forward.
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Pronin, Serhiy, and Oleksiy Tsyhanok. "Creating relevant content using machine learning methods." Bulletin of Kharkov National Automobile and Highway University 1, no. 101 (2023): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30977/bul.2219-5548.2023.101.0.14.
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Today, users generate various data when working on the Internet. As a result, there are large amounts of different information. This information can be useful for both regular users and large com-panies. One of the problems with the use of accumu-lated information is its crude, unstructured nature. In addition, different user groups do not need the entire data set, but their own target sample. To solve this problem, various software tools have been developed today. This work is devoted to solving the problem of creating relevant information sets from large arrays of data for its further use by the target audience. Goal. The development of big data analysis systems is carried out to obtain new, previously unknown information. The methodology of applying algo-rithms of work with large data sets and methods of machine learning is used, namely the pandas library for operations on a data set and logistic regression for information classification As a result, a system was built that allows the analysis of lexical infor-mation, translate it into numerical format and create on this basis the necessary statistical samples. The originality of the work lies in the use of specialized libraries of data processing and machine learning to create data analysis systems. The practical value of the work lies in the possibility of creating data analy-sis systems built.
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Haase, Nadin, Wolf Holtkamp, Simon Christ, Dag Heinemann, Marina V. Rodnina, and Sophia Rudorf. "Decomposing bulk signals to reveal hidden information in processive enzyme reactions: A case study in mRNA translation." PLOS Computational Biology 20, no. 3 (2024): e1011918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011918.
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Processive enzymes like polymerases or ribosomes are often studied in bulk experiments by monitoring time-dependent signals, such as fluorescence time traces. However, due to biomolecular process stochasticity, ensemble signals may lack the distinct features of single-molecule signals. Here, we demonstrate that, under certain conditions, bulk signals from processive reactions can be decomposed to unveil hidden information about individual reaction steps. Using mRNA translation as a case study, we show that decomposing a noisy ensemble signal generated by the translation of mRNAs with more than a few codons is an ill-posed problem, addressable through Tikhonov regularization. We apply our method to the fluorescence signatures of in-vitro translated LepB mRNA and determine codon-position dependent translation rates and corresponding state-specific fluorescence intensities. We find a significant change in fluorescence intensity after the fourth and the fifth peptide bond formation, and show that both codon position and encoded amino acid have an effect on the elongation rate. This demonstrates that our approach enhances the information content extracted from bulk experiments, thereby expanding the range of these time- and cost-efficient methods.
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Nichifor, Florin, Andrei-Lucian Marian, and Silviu-Mihail Tiţă. "Predictors of Bullying among Athletes in the Romanian Context." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 13, no. 10 (2023): 2046–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13100145.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the explanatory power of a predictive model of bully/perpetrator behaviour in Romanian athletes, consisting of negative pre-competitive emotions (anxiety, sadness, and anger), perception of male gender normativity, and relationships with coaches and teammates. Additionally, we aimed to explore the mediation effect of bully–victim behaviour on the relationship between athletes’ connections with their coaches and bully/perpetrator behaviour. The current research involved a nonexperimental, cross-sectional design exploring the presence of bully/perpetrator behaviour in Romanian male and female athletes. The quantitative methodology was used to collect and analyse the data obtained. Researchers translated, adapted and pretested the questionnaire set to the Romanian cultural background (SEQ, MAMS, CART-Q, In-group Ties Scale, BSQ) before distributing it to 448 participants. 58.7% were male participants, and 41.3% were female participants. The mean age was 21.15 (SDage = 2.37, range = 18–32). The research was conducted in the first half of 2023. SPSS (V. 20) and Hayes’s PROCESS tool were used to investigate the data. The findings demonstrated that in the case of Romanian male athletes, perception of male gender normativity, anger, and weaker connections with coaches are the most important psychological factors in predicting bully/perpetrator behaviour. In contrast, in the case of Romanian female athletes, only weaker connections with coaches and perception of male gender normativity play an essential role in explaining bully/perpetrator behaviour. Additionally, the study demonstrated that bully–victim behaviour mediates the relationship between athletes’ weaker connections with their coaches and bully/perpetrator behaviour. Athletes’ weaker connections with their coaches lead to experiencing a high level of bully/perpetrator behaviour by stressing bully–victim behaviour, which also contributes to achieving a high level of bully/perpetrator behaviour.
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Mishra, Badrinarayan. "Relationships of School Performance and Responsibility-sharing with Bully Activities in Indian Schools." Journal of Advanced Research in Medical Science & Technology 08, no. 02 (2021): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2394.6539.202105.
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Background: The coexistence of schools and school bullying are time contextual. Though its components are explored to different lengths at different geography the relationship with school performance and responsibility-sharing for Indian subcontinents are far and few. Aim and Objectives: The study took cognizance of this knowledge gap and tried to explore the existence of any relations between academic performance and responsibility-sharing with school bullying. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 6 randomly selected schools (3 urban and 3 rural) in a district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The participants from the 6th to 10th standard were selected by systematic random sampling and 96 participants per class were enrolled. The tools used were back-translated and pilot tested. They are the Bullying Prevalence Questionnaire (BPQ) and the Rosenberg Self-esteem questionnaire. School performance and responsibility-sharing information were collected from concerned school records. Results: From 480 participants, 48.3% were involved in some form of school bully activities. Students’ academic grade (ꭓ2 - 0.20) and school attendance (ꭓ2 - 0.75) were not associated with school bully behaviors, but their non-cocurricular recognition and lack of responsibility-sharing made them vulnerable to bullying (ꭓ2 and ANOVA p = 0.02 each) and victimized (ANOVA p = 0.03). Participants who shared school responsibilities and received acclaim were prosocial (ANOVA p = 0.00) and immune to bullyism. Conclusion: Schools are places where the pupils are groomed to be responsible and productive. The results established these points.
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Tsunakawa, Hiroshi, Daizo Kunii, Fumito Takagi, Minoru Sugita, Tomio Tamura, and Hideto Haze. "Comparing the Flow Properties of Bulk Solids by Tri-axial Shear, Unconfined Yield and Direct Shear Tests [Translated]†." KONA Powder and Particle Journal 6 (1988): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14356/kona.1988005.
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McConnell, Leanna, and Wendy Troop-Gordon. "Attentional Biases to Bullies and Bystanders and Youth’s Coping With Peer Victimization." Journal of Early Adolescence 41, no. 1 (2020): 97–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431620931206.
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Effectively coping with peer victimization may be facilitated by deploying attention away from threat (i.e., bullies, reinforcers) and toward available support (e.g., defenders). To test this premise, 72 early adolescents (38 girls; Mage = 11.67, SD = 8.14 months) watched video clips of youth actors portraying a bully aggressing against a victim in front of a reinforcer and a defender. Coping was assessed using self-reports, and peer victimization was assessed through peer-, teacher-, and parent-reports. At high levels of peer victimization, attention to the bully was associated with less seeking of adult support and greater retaliation. Contrary to predictions, at high levels of victimization, attention to defenders was associated with an internalizing coping profile for boys and a retaliatory profile for girls. Thus, attentional biases may contribute to poor coping responses among victimized youth, underscoring the need to study how attention to cues is translated into actionable coping strategies.
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Симанков, Виталий. "Детское Чтение (1785-1789) и Детския Забавы (1792): Рецепция немецкого протестантизма в детских изданиях XVIII в." ВИВЛIОθИКА: E-Journal of Eighteenth-Century Russian Studies 5 (27 листопада 2017): 18–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.vivliofika.v5.551.
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This article is focused on Protestantism-related ideas encrypted in children’s literature in eighteenth-century
 Russia. The primary focus of the study is on Detskiia Zabavy (1792), a short-story collection that was thought
 to be an original Russian book. As this study shows, the book in question is actually a collection of texts
 translated from German and French. The bulk of the collection deals with the so-called short didactic stories,
 the ideological roots of which have been overlooked and understudied. The author’s findings help to clarify,
 among other things, the subject of Pushkin’s parody in his Detskaia Knizhka (1830).
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Adamska-Sałaciak, Arleta. "Jan Baudouin De Courtenay’s contribution to Linguistic Theory." History of Linguistics in Poland 25, no. 1-2 (1998): 25–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.25.1-2.05ada.
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Summary The extent of Jan Baudouin de Courtenay’s (1845–1929) contribution to general linguistic theory is still hard to assess. He never wrote a major synthetic work, nor has the bulk of his production been translated into English. Thanks primarily to Jakobson, at least his formative influence on modern phonology is generally acknowledged. Fewer linguists are aware of the relevance of Baudouin’s teaching for the study of language change. His conceptualisation of the nature of change, its causes and goals, and the role played in it by the language system, all seem of more than merely historical interest to the theoretically-minded diachronic linguist.