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1

Vago, Alexandra A. "Musical Life of Amateur Musicians in Vienna, ca. 1814-1825: A Translated Edition of Leopold von Sonnleithner's “Musikalische Skizzen Aus ‘Alt-Wien’” (1861-1863)." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1507733426204934.

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Bystrova-McIntyre, Tatyana. "Cohesion in Translation: A Corpus Study of Human-translated, Machine-translated, and Non-translated Texts (Russian into English)." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1353451112.

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Blagodarna, Olena. "Enhancement of post-editing performance: introducing machine translation post-editing in translator training." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666847.

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Los objetivos clave de esta tesis fueron explorar el perfil de los traductores involucrados en posedición, establecer el alcance de las competencias y habilidades requeridas, y sugerir una propuesta de formación válida que mejore el rendimiento de los post-editores noveles de acuerdo con los requisitos del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. La tesis integró dos estudios secuenciales: una investigación basada en una encuesta que proporcionó información real sobre los perfiles y prácticas de los post-editores, y una investigación empírico-experimental que puso a prueba el modelo de formación sugerido e involucró a un total de 46 estudiantes de traducción en el último año de su licenciatura. Para recoger pruebas concluyentes sobre la aplicabilidad de la propuesta en diferentes contextos lingüísticos, el estudio se centró en 22 participantes que eran estudiantes de la Universidad Aerospacial Nacional de Kharkiv (Ucrania) especializados en traducción inglés-ruso, y 24 participantes que eran estudiantes de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (España) especializados en traducción inglés-español. El modelo de formación sugerido perseguía la adquisición de conocimientos conceptuales y operativos por parte de los participantes y se incorporó en un estudio experimental antes y después de la prueba. El impacto de dicho modelo se examinó mediante la evaluación de la calidad de los segmentos post-editados y las tasas de rendimiento demostradas por los participantes, así como las actitudes de los estudiantes hacia los temas relacionados con el traducción automática y posedición y la autoevaluación de su rendimiento antes y después de dicha formación. La tesis termina con una reflexión sobre los cambios que podrían introducirse en la formación si se utilizaran sistemas neurales de traducción automática para generar el corpus de formación. La tesis contribuye a la definición del alcance de la experiencia profesional de los post-editores, ofrece un modelo de formación escalable y describe hasta qué punto dicho modelo puede mejorar la posedición de los estudiantes universitarios de traducción.<br>The key objectives of this thesis were to explore the profile of translators involved in post-editing, to outline the scope of required competencies and skills and to suggest a valid training proposal that would enhance post-editing performance of novice post-editors in conformity with the European Higher Education Area requirements. The thesis integrated two sequential studies: a survey-based research that yielded authentic information concerning post-editors’ profiles and practices and an empirical-experimental research that put the suggested training model to the test and involved a total of 46 translation students in the final year of their Bachelor’s program. To collect conclusive evidence about the applicability of the proposal across different linguistic backgrounds, the study focused on 22 participants who were students at Kharkiv National Aerospace University (Ukraine) and specialized in English-Russian translation, and 24 participants who were students at Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Spain) and specialized in English-Spanish translation. The suggested training model pursued acquisition of conceptual and operational knowledge by the trainees and was incorporated in a pretest-posttest experimental study. The impact of such model was examined by the evaluation of the quality of post-edited segments and throughput rates demonstrated by the participants as well as the students’ attitudes to MTPE-related issues and self-evaluation of their post-editing performance before and after the training. The thesis ends with reflections upon the changes that might be brought to the proposal if neural machine translation systems were used to generate the training corpus. The dissertation contributes to the definition of the scope of post-editors’ professional expertise, offers a scalable training model and describes to what extent such model may enhance post-editing performance in undergraduate translation students.
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Ivarsson, Siw. "Being a Translator : - With a Licence to Improve." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28831.

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This paper sets out to investigate and discuss what a translator may do when the source text for some reasons needs to be improved. The analysis is based on examples from a source text in need of quite extensive editing. This editing is called for to be able to present a translation that is satisfactory as well for the target reader as for the translator. To achieve this, the translator has to deal with a series of crucial decisions. One important determinant of any decision on part of the translator is, of course, the quality of the source text, which may vary a great deal. Originals sometimes exhibit flaws of various kinds. In such cases, what is the translator supposed to do? Is (s)he supposed to deliver a translation that contains the same mistakes as the ST, or is (s)he supposed to rewrite a poor text? The main focus of the present study is to discuss possible strategies for changes and to find support for the translator to work with improving editing in a text that needs to be improved. More specifically, focus is on looking at the strategies that are available when it comes to three specific problem areas, viz person perspective, author visibility and repetition. The study initiates a further discussion of the translator's mission – should it include making a brilliant version of a poor source text? It was found that the translator should not transfer language flaws that might appear in a source text with no stylistic pretentions, but instead produce an improved target text, even if that entails rather extensive editing.
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O’Neill, Patrick Nathaniel. "Paul Solanges : soldier, industrialist, translator : a biographical study and critical edition of his correspondence with Antonio Fogazzaro and Henry Handel Richardson." Monash University. Faculty of Arts. School of Languages, Cultures and Linguistics, 2007. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/53105.

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Paul Solanges was one of the most prolific (in correspondence) and enthusiastic fans of Australian author Henry Handel Richardson (HHR). What was it about him that made HHR invest so much time in his translation of her novel, and to what extent can credence be given to the self-portrait in his letters? This thesis reveals his illegitimate royal background, considers his early career as a cavalry officer in North Africa and in the Franco-Prussian War, and describes his long career as manager of the gasworks in Milan. It also portrays in detail his other life as a translator of songs, short stories and operas from Italian to French. Finally, it compares his relationship with Italian novelist Antonio Fogazzaro to his relationship with HHR. A critical edition of Solanges’s correspondence with Fogazzaro and HHR offers the reader a privileged insight into the life and character of this Franco-Italian littérateur.
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Busi, Gioia. "Changes in the translation industry: A prospectus on the near future of innovation in machine translation." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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This thesis aims to analyze the supposed inevitability of a breakthrough in machine translation and the role that this breakthrough will play in the evolution of translation companies. It will analyze the changes that are happening and what repercussions those changes will have on the decisions made by students, professionals, agencies, and institutions over the next twenty years. This paper will be divided into three main sections: The first part will provide a background of today’s translation industry and consider the advent of machine translation in translation agencies and its continuous developments. In the second part of this essay, I will illustrate how I carried out my research inside Global Voices - a translation agency based in Stirling, Scotland, in which I have interned as Project Manager in December 2018 - to understand what use the translation agency makes of machine translation, also conveying my colleagues’ thoughts about it. The conclusion will recapitulate the topics approached, revolve around the main findings of this study and try to foresee what translators should expect from the future, how in my opinion they should deal with the changes the future will bring.
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Kempster, John Hugh. "Richard Rolle, Emendatio vitae: Amendinge of Lyf, a Middle English translation, edited from Dublin, Trinity College, MS 432." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2578.

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Emendatio vitae was the most widely copied of all Richard Rolle’s writings in fourteenth and fifteenth-century England, and yet in modern scholarship this important work and its early audience have received comparatively little scholarly attention. My aim has been to address this lacuna by producing an edition of one of the seven Middle English translations of the text - Amendinge of Lyf - with notes and glossary. In an introductory study I adopt a dual focus: Rolle’s intended audience, and the actual early readers of this particular Middle English translation. Firstly, I conclude that Rolle may have intended Emendatio vitae as a work of ‘pastoralia’, for secular priests, and therefore with a wider audience of the laity also in mind. This being the case, it demonstrates that the adaptation of traditionally eremitic contemplative writings for a general audience, so widespread in the fifteenth-century, was already stirring in Rolle’s day. Secondly, I look in detail at a specific crosssection of Rolle’s early readership: a translator, several scribes and correctors, and other early readers and owners. The striking thing about this segment of the text’s reception is its breadth, including a priest, a number of prominent lay women and men, and by the end of the fifteenth-century also Dominican and Benedictine nuns.
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Lamm, Erin Melissa. "A translated critical edition of Maïssa Bey's Entendez-vous dans les montagnes… (2002)." Thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/14531.

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This dissertation comprises a critical edition of the Algerian author Maïssa Bey’s 2002 autofictional work in French, Entendez-vous dans les montagnes…, including: a translator’s introduction, a critical introduction, the translation, and an afterword. The translator’s introduction presents my translation methodology, which adapts Jacqueline Guillemin-Flescher’s theories in Syntaxe comparée du français et de l’anglais: problèmes de traduction (1981). I rework her communicative approach to convey the complexities of Franco-Algerian “coprésences,” or the coexistence of two cultures. I pose the question: Do readers need the same cultural capital to appreciate Entendez-vous dans les montagnes… as they do to read a standard French to English translation? This specificity explains my changes to Guillemin-Flescher’s theories. The critical introduction presents Entendez-vous dans les montagnes..., which stages an exiled Algerian woman’s physical journey through Provence to Marseilles. The three protagonists also metaphorically travel to understand their singular memories and the multiple truths behind the Franco-Algerian colonial legacy (1830-1962). I pinpoint the dualities in: the Algerian woman, a French Army veteran turned doctor, Jean, and Marie, the young granddaughter of a pied-noir. An analysis of their dualities, between conformity and rebellion, enhances the book’s political statements. I accent how a knowledge of Bey’s “traces” or multiple connotations of euphemisms, such as “soigner,” which means “to take care of the sick” or “to execute,” underscore these dualisms. Finally, I highlight Marie’s comparatively small role. The afterword presents how the translation process impacts Entendez-vous dans les montagnes…. I contemplate how to maintain the distinctiveness of Bey’s book, in which the figurative and literal senses of every French word communicate political and personal content. This style conveys politics in a simple, highly relatable fashion, partially due to the deep personal commitment underneath. Translation frames a text. It is a complex, rewarding challenge to provide this frame when the original exposes the volatile cultural politics behind the Franco-Algerian colonial legacy.
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Eksteen, Trudie. "The evaluation of the reliability of the motor-free visual perceptual test (Third Edition) when translated into Afrikaans, on an Afrikaans first language urban population (East of Pretoria, South Africa) aged 8 years 0 months to 8 years 11 months." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/2021.

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Student Number: 0110826H - MSc research report - School of Occupational Therapy - Faculty of Health Sciences<br>A comparative study was undertaken to assess the reliability of the MVPT-3 when the instructions were translated into Afrikaans and the scores were then compared to the normative data obtained during the standardization process on a normal population of American children. The study was undertaken by testing 80 randomly selected, normally distributed, Afrikaans first language speaking eight year old children from the eastern suburbs of Pretoria, South Africa. The study confirmed that the MVPT-3 is reliable when the instructions are given in Afrikaans with a Chonbach’s alpha score of 0.79 compared to 0.83 obtained for the American population. The item analysis revealed some anomalies that suggest that the test may have a cultural bias as many items had a negative sign in the item analysis. Afrikaans girls and boys performed differently on the test, suggesting that the test may need to be adjusted for differing skills in the visual perception. There were a high number of non-contributing items that suggest that some items in the test may not be valid for South African Children.
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Карсканова, Н. А., та N. A. Karskanova. "Визуальные новеллы как издательский феномен : магистерская диссертация". Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/78076.

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Магистерская диссертация «Визуальные новеллы как издательский феномен» состоит из двух глав. В первой главе анализируется дефиниция термина «визуальная новелла» (ВН), дается экскурс в историю возникновения и развития ВН, рассматриваются характерные особенности ВН, предлагаются классификации ВН и определение ВН как вида интерактивных электронных изданий. Вторая глава посвящена анализу процесса создания визуальной новеллы с редакторской и издательской точек зрения. В ней выявляются структурные компоненты ВН, анализируется восприятие визуальной новеллы читателем и его влияние на определение жанра ВН, вырабатывается пошаговый алгоритм и правила написания и редактирования ВН, а также рассматриваются особенности подготовки перевода текста ВН для выпуска переводного издания. В приложении предлагается перевод на русский язык с английского языка визуальной новеллы «Star-Crossed Myth» с целью использования перевода в русскоязычном издании. Отдельные положения проведенного исследования были представлены на Международной научно-практической интернет-конференции «Язык. Текст. Книга» (Екатеринбург, 2018). Библиографический список содержит 18 источников на русском языке и 54 источника на английском языке.<br>Master's thesis “Visual novels as a publishing phenomenon” consists of two chapters. First chapter is devoted to analysis of definition “visual novel” (VN), history overview of emergence and development of VN, study of characteristic features of VN, suggestion on ways of categorizing VN and identification of VN as a new form of electronic interactive publications. Second chapter is de-voted to study of visual novel creating process from the point of view of both editor and publisher. This chapter consists of definition of structural components of VN, analysis of readers’ reception and its influence on VN genre, formulating of step-by-step algorithm and rules for creating and editing VN, and also highlighting specifics of working on VN text translation in order to publish a translated edition. The application contains translation of visual novel “Star-Crossed Myth” from English language into Russian for the purpose of its usage in Russian edition. Certain of the study were presented at the International Scientific and Practical Internet Conference “Language. Text. Book” (Ekaterinburg, 2018). The bibliography contains 19 Russian-language source materials and 54 English-language source materials.
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Testa, Ingrid. "Quality in human post-editing of machine-translated texts : error annotation and linguistic specifications for tackling register errors." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/36289.

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During the last decade, machine translation has played an important role in the translation market and has become an essential tool for speeding up the translation process and for reducing the time and costs needed. Nevertheless, the quality of the results obtained is not completely satisfactory, as it is considerably variable, depending on numerous factors. Given this, it is necessary to combine MT with human intervention, by post-editing the machine-translated texts, in order to reach high-quality translations. This work aims at describing the MT process provided by Unbabel, a Portuguese start-up that combines MT with post-editing provided by online editors. The main objective of the study is to contribute to improving the quality of the translated text, by analyzing annotated translated texts, from English into Italian, to define linguistic specifications to improve the tools used at the start-up to aid human editors and annotators. The analysis of guidelines provided to the annotator to guide his/her editing process has also been developed, a task that contributed to improve the inter-annotator agreement, thus making the annotated data reliable. Accomplishing these goals allowed for the identification and the categorization of the most frequent errors in translated texts, namely errors whose resolution is bound to significantly improve the efficacy and quality of the translation. The data collected allowed us to identify register as the most frequent error category and also the one with the most impact on the quality of translations, and for these reasons this category is analyzed in more detail along the work. From the analysis of errors in this category, it was possible to define and implement a set of rules in the Smartcheck, a tool used at Unbabel to automatically detect errors in the target text produced by the MT system to guarantee a higher quality of the translated texts after post-edition.<br>Nas últimas décadas, a tradução automática tem sido uma importante área de investigação, no âmbito da qual os investigadores têm vindo a conseguir melhorias nos resultados, obtendo mesmo resultados positivos. Hoje em dia, a tradução automática desempenha um papel muito importante no mercado da tradução, devido ao número cada vez maior de textos para traduzir e aos curtos prazos estabelecidos, bem como à pressão constante para se reduzir os custos. Embora a tradução automática seja usada cada vez com mais frequência, os resultados obtidos são variáveis e a qualidade das traduções nem sempre é satisfatória, dependendo dos paradigmas dos sistemas de tradução automática escolhidos, do domínio do texto a traduzir e da sintaxe e do léxico do texto de partida. Mais especificamente, os sistemas de tradução automática que foram desenvolvidos podem ser divididos entre sistemas baseados em conhecimento linguístico, sistemas orientados para os dados e sistemas híbridos, que combinam diferentes paradigmas. Recentemente, o paradigma neuronal tem tido uma aplicação muito expressiva, implicando mesmo a problematização da existência dos restantes paradigmas. Sendo que a qualidade dos resultados de tradução automática depende de diferentes fatores, para a melhorar, é necessário que haja intervenção humana, através de processos de pré-edição ou de pós-edição. Este trabalho parte das atividades desenvolvidas ao longo do estágio curricular na start-up Unbabel, concentrando-se especificamente na análise do processo de tradução automática, implementado na Unbabel, com vista a apresentar um contributo para melhorar a qualidade das traduções obtidas, em particular as traduções de inglês para italiano. A Unbabel é uma start-up portuguesa que oferece serviços de tradução quase em tempo real, combinando tradução automática com uma comunidade de revisores que assegura a pós-edição dos mesmos. O corpus utilizado na realização deste trabalho é composto por traduções automáticas de inglês para italiano, pós-editadas por revisores humanos de e-mails de apoio ao cliente. O processo de anotação visa identificar e categorizar erros em textos traduzidos automaticamente, o que, no contexto da Unbabel, é um processo feito por anotadores humanos. Analisou-se o processo de anotação e as ferramentas que permitem analisar e anotar os textos, o sistema que avalia a métrica de qualidade e as orientações que o anotador tem de seguir no processo de revisão. Este trabalho tornou possível identificar e categorizar os erros mais frequentes nos textos do nosso corpus. Um outro objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em analisar as instâncias dos tipos de erro mais frequentes, para entender quais as causas desta frequência e estabelecer generalizações que permitam elaborar regras suscetíveis de ser implementadas na ferramenta usada na Unbabel, para apoiar o trabalho dos editores e anotadores humanos com notificações automáticas. Em particular, o nosso trabalho foca-se em erros da categoria do registo, o mais frequente nos textos anotados considerados. Mais especificamente, o nosso estudo consiste em definir um conjunto de regras para melhorar a cobertura do Smartcheck, uma ferramenta usada na Unbabel para detetar automaticamente erros em textos traduzidos no âmbito dos fenómenos relacionados com a expressão de registo, para garantir melhores resultados depois do processo de pós-edição. O trabalho apresentado está dividido em oito capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, apresenta-se o objeto de estudo do trabalho, a metodologia usada na sua realização e a organização deste relatório. No segundo capítulo, apresenta-se uma panorâmica teórica sobre a área da tradução automática, sublinhando as características e as finalidades destes sistemas. Apresenta-se uma breve história da tradução automática, desde o surgimento desta área até hoje, bem como os diferentes paradigmas dos sistemas de tradução automática. No terceiro capítulo, apresenta-se a entidade de acolhimento do estágio que serviu de ponto de partida para este trabalho, a start-up portuguesa Unbabel. Explica-se o processo de tradução utilizado na empresa e as fases que o compõem, descrevendo-se detalhadamente os processos de pós-edição e de anotação humanas. São apresentadas também algumas informações sobre as ferramentas usadas na empresa para apoiar o processo de tradução, o Smartcheck e o Turbo Tagger. No quarto capítulo, apresenta-se o processo de anotação desenvolvido na Unbabel, como funciona e as orientações que o anotador deve seguir, descrevendo-se também alguns aspetos que podem ser melhorados. No quinto capítulo problematiza-se a questão do acordo entre anotadores, descrevendo-se a sua importância para medir a homogeneidade entre anotadores e, consequentemente, a fiabilidade de usar os dados de anotação para medir a eficácia e a qualidade dos sistemas de tradução automática. No sexto capítulo, identificam-se os erros mais frequentes por categoria de erro e destaca-se a categoria de registo, a mais frequente e com repercussões evidentes na fluência e na qualidade da tradução, por representar a voz e a imagem do cliente. Apresenta-se uma descrição de um conjunto de regras que pode ser implementado na ferramenta Smartcheck, com vista a diminuir a frequência do erro e aumentar a qualidade dos textos de chegada. Procede-se ainda à verificação do correto funcionamento das regras implementadas, apresentando-se exemplos ilustrativos do desempenho do Smartcheck, na sua versão de teste, com dados relevantes. No último capítulo deste trabalho, apresentam-se as conclusões e o trabalho futuro perspetivado com base neste projeto. Em conclusão, o objetivo do presente trabalho visa contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade dos textos traduzidos na entidade de acolhimento do estágio. Concretamente este trabalho constitui um contributo tangível para o aumento da precisão do processo de anotação humana e para a extensão da cobertura das ferramentas de apoio ao editor e ao anotador humanos usados na start-up Unbabel.
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Lee, Che-Jen, and 李哲仁. "Shanghai “New” Anthologist: A research of Cai ErKang as an Editor and Translator." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8y7xyw.

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碩士<br>國立中央大學<br>中國文學系<br>103<br>The thesis tend to have a critical view on Cai ErKang's as an editor and translator identity, by introduce a new term, “New Anthologist”, and provide Shanghai Intellectuals(Yang Chang Cai Zi) a spiritual outlook during the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China Period. Since Cai ErKang had a large influence in literary circles, newspapers and publishing, discussing Cai ErKang publisher life can help to re-examine the important role by he and his generation of Shanghai Intellectuals in the transition of Modern China. There are three discussion points will present in this thesis. First, his lifetime and experience as a press publisher. Secondly, the marketing plan of Shen Bao press and The Christian Literature Society for China. Lastly, those books compiled by Cai Erkang can divide to two part. The first part was Shen Bao press period, which contain "Gong Gui Lian Ming Pu ", "Ji Wen Lei Bian ", " Hou Qing Xin Lu " and " Xie Yu Cong Tan. Chu Ji ", and the second part was The Christian Literature Society for China period, which contain "Tai Xi Xin Shi Lan Yao ", "Zhong Dong Zhan Ji Ben Mo" and "Li Fu Xiang Li Ping Ou Mei Ji ", those content is about Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. From the intercourse above, this thesis try to bring out the chemistry among Cai ErKang and his publishing company, his relationship with Timothy Richard and Young John Allen, and also how his books influenced the Shanghai reader.
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Neudertová, Miriam. "Poválečná generace překladatelů: malé a velké dějiny. Ilustrace problematiky na rozhovorech s překladateli." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-323449.

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During the research project "The situation of literary translation in Czech society after 1945", which was initiated by the Institute of Translation studies of the Faculty of Arts of Charles University and undertaken between 2008 and 2011, nearly thirty interviews were conducted with important Czech translators of the post-war generation. This thesis follows the cited research project. It is divided into three parts. The first part presents an introduction to the methods of oral history. The second part confronts objective historical facts with subjective memory - information obtained through the conducted interviews. The third part expands the corpus with two further sets of interviews. These are introduced by a short depiction of the presented narrators and followed by an editorial note. In the summary the paper points out and evaluates the results gained by the present research, including the newly collected material.
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Kutková, Martina. "Role redaktora v překladech Vladimíra Medka se zaměřením na romány A. Muñoze Moliny Za úplňku a Polský jezdec." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405045.

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This thesis deals with the Spanish author Antonio Muñoz Molina and with the Czech translator Vladimír Medek who has translated two novels of the writer: Plenilunio, in Czech as Za úplňku (Garamond, 2008) and El jinete polaco, in Czech as Polský jezdec (Leda, 2018). The thesis also focuses on revisions that a book editor Anežka Charvátová made in the second novel. The thesis is divided in two parts: a theoretical and a practical part. The first one is dedicated briefly to Antonio Muñoz Molina's life and to his work as a writer. The following chapter addresses the translator Vladimír Medek and his translations from Spanish literature. The last chapter of this section describes a book editor's work and his role within a publishing house. The practical part of this thesis deals just with the two novels mentioned above. The two books are characterized first according to Christiane Nord's model of text analysis and then concrete translation processes and solutions used by Vladimír Medek are shown on examples. In case of El jinete polaco a translation handwriting before and after editor's revisions is analysed and changes made in the preparative phase of the translation are traced. That is an aspect of a book editing that an ordinary reader does not come across normally. The translation handwriting was...
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De, Jager Gert Johannes Jacobus. "An exploratory study of translations of the Dewey Decimal Classification system into South African languages." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23248.

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This research investigated the feasibility of South African translations of Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). The study provides an introductory overview of DDC throughout the world, followed by its use in South Africa. The introduction highlights shortcomings and possible solutions – of which translations seem to be the most ideal. This research involved a critical analysis of the literature on DDC translations, a documentary analysis and technology-based research in the form of Google translations and evaluation of parts of Abridged Edition 15 of DDC. The critical analysis of the literature and the documentary analysis identified problems relating to translations, how translations deal with shortcomings in DDC, the fact that no literature exists on multilingual translations, and the process of translations (including the fact that this is an expensive endeavour). It also revealed information about sponsorship and the mixed translation model. The technology-based research, using Google Translate for translations of parts of Abridged Edition 15 and the subsequent evaluation of these translations indicated that Google translations were comprehensive and needed minimum editorial effort. Further to this it paved the way for describing a possible workflow for South African translations and indicated that the parts already translated as well as further Google translations can expedite the translation process. A model for South African translations, based on only the cost of the Pansoft translation software was proposed. The mixed model approach, where some languages are used as main languages (schedules, Relative Index terms and the like) and others for Relative Index terms only, was deemed the most appropriate in the South African context. This led to the conclusion that DDC translations into ten of the official South African languages are indeed feasible. The research supports translations that keep the integrity of DDC intact, with possible expansions based on literary arrant. It is important, though, to get the support of the South African library community and authoritative bodies such as the National Library of South Africa and/or the Library and Information Association of South Africa (LIASA) to negotiate and sign a contract for these translations.<br>Information Science<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (Information Science)
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16

Johnston, Grant Liane. "Quality assurance within non-professional translation teams : action research in the non-profit sector." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23443.

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La traduction bénévole et collaborative, sous ses diverses formes telles que l’initiative Wikipedia, croît de jour en jour et requiert d’être encadrée pour garantir un contrôle de qualité. Et pourtant, la traduction non professionnelle est un domaine encore peu exploré. Dans le milieu de la traduction professionnelle, des critères assez sévères existent en ce qui concerne la formation et l’expérience du traducteur, l’assurance-qualité, les délais, et les droits d’auteur. Néanmoins, dans le cadre de la traduction qui implique la collaboration en ligne et des centaines de traducteurs (souvent bénévoles), ces aspects sont nettement plus flous. Ce projet de recherche aborde la question centrale de l’assurance qualité au sein des équipes de traducteurs non professionnels. Cela se fait sous l’angle de la recherche-action effectuée dans le secteur sans but lucratif, précisément avec le groupe des Traducteurs du Roi que j’ai formé en 2011 pour combler le manque de documentation en français au sein de notre confession religieuse. Il me semblait que nous ne pouvions simplement appliquer à notre équipe les normes et méthodes de la traduction professionnelle pour assurer la qualité. La nature de la traduction non professionnelle exige une approche personnalisée. J’ai décidé d’effectuer des recherches à l’intérieur des Traducteurs du Roi pour élaborer un système d’assurance qualité conçu spécifiquement pour la traduction non professionnelle. En adaptant des modèles professionnels au contexte non professionnel, j’ai été en mesure de créer un processus approprié de sélection des traducteurs, un processus global de révision des traductions et un processus ciblé de formation des traducteurs. Les critères de sélection comprennent les compétences et les traits de caractère qui favorisent la réussite au sein du système d’assurance qualité. Des processus spécifiques de révision sont jumelés aux niveaux de qualité souhaités en fonction de l’objet des documents. La composante de formation se concentre sur les changements de paradigmes encapsulés dans un ensemble de meilleures pratiques pour les traducteurs non professionnels. Ces trois éléments, la sélection, la révision et la formation, se complètent dans un système efficace d’assurance qualité. D’autres équipes de traducteurs non professionnels peuvent intégrer ce système, puisqu’il est spécifiquement adapté aux défis de travailler avec des traducteurs bénévoles et n’est pas spécifique à certaines langues. Mon projet apporte une importante contribution à la traductologie, premièrement en valorisant le domaine de la traduction non professionnelle et en soulignant le besoin d’une approche différente de celle de la traduction professionnelle. Je démontre que l’assurance qualité est possible au sein d’un groupe de traducteurs non professionnels et fournit un système efficace pour y arriver. Plus largement, mes recherches visent à sensibiliser les traductologues à deux idées importantes. D'abord, l'apparition inévitable de nouvelles pratiques de traduction différentes des pratiques traditionnelles, pratiques qu'il conviendra de prendre de plus en plus en compte et dont les leçons pourront être tirées. En outre, les chercheurs pourraient s’efforcer davantage d'assurer que les concepts, les normes et le métalangage de la traductologie soient compréhensibles et applicables dans des contextes non traditionnels.<br>Volunteer and collaborative translation in diverse forms, such as the Wikipedia initiative, is growing daily and needs direction in order to guarantee quality. And yet, non-professional translation is a field that remains largely unexplored. In the realm of professional translation, there are strict criteria related to translator training and experience, quality assurance, deadlines, and copyrights. However, in a context that involves online collaboration and hundreds of translators (often volunteers), these aspects are much less defined. This research project addresses the crucial issue of quality assurance within non-professional translation teams. This is done through the lens of action research carried out in the non-profit sector, specifically with a group called The King’s Translators which I formed in November 2011 to meet the need for French resources within our church denomination. It was apparent to me that we could not simply apply professional translation norms and methods within our team in order to ensure quality. The nature of non-professional translation requires a customized approach. I decided to conduct research from within The King’s Translators to develop a quality assurance system designed specifically for non-professional translation. By adapting professional models to the non-professional environment, I was able to create processes for appropriate translator selection, comprehensive translation revision/editing, and focused translator training. The criteria for translator selection include skills and character traits that enable a team member to succeed within the quality assurance system. Specific translation revision/editing processes are matched to desired quality levels based on the purpose of the translated documents. The translator training component concentrates on paradigm shifts encapsulated in a set of best practices for non-professional translators. These three elements of translator selection, translation revision/editing, and translator training harmonize in an effective quality assurance system. This system can be implemented by other non-professional translation teams, as it is specifically adapted to the challenges of working with volunteer translators and is not language specific. This project makes an important contribution to Translation Studies, first by highlighting the field of non-professional translation and emphasizing the need of an approach different than what is used for professional translation. I demonstrate how quality assurance is possible within a team of non-professional translators and provide an effective system for achieving it. On a broader level, my research aims to make Translation Studies scholars more aware that while new translation practices running counter to traditional mindsets will inevitably emerge, this should not prevent us from investigating and learning from them. In addition, researchers could make a greater effort to ensure that Translation Studies concepts, norms, and metalanguage are understandable and applicable in non-traditional contexts.
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