Academic literature on the topic 'Translated from French'

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Journal articles on the topic "Translated from French"

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Margala, Miriam. "The Unbearable Torment of Translation: Milan Kundera, Impersonation, and The Joke." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 1, no. 3 (2011): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t9c62h.

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Milan Kundera, a Czech émigré writer, living in Paris and now writing in French, is (in)famous for his tight and obsessive authorial control. He has said many times that he did not trust translators to translate his works accurately and faithfully. The various translations of his novel Žert (The Joke) exemplify this point. The novel has been translated into English, French, and many other languages more than once, depending on Kundera’s dissatisfaction with a particular translation (which, at first, he would support). Thus, there followed a cascade of translations (namely in French and English) as Kundera would eventually become dissatisfied even with the latest “definitive” translated version. As he famously says in an interview regarding the 1968 French translation of Žert, “rage seized me”. From then on, Kundera showed displeasure at any translator who, however briefly, would impersonate the author and take some license in translating Kundera’s work. Further, Kundera decided that only his full authorial involvement in the process would ascertain “the same authenticity” of his translations as the original Czech works. Kundera thus becomes the omnipresent, omnipotent author, himself impersonating God controlling his own creation. Finally, Kundera takes extreme measures and translates Žert into French himself. The resulting translation surprised many – editing changes are plentiful but apparent only to those who can compare the original Czech text with Kundera’s own translation. Kundera’s stance is conflicting, as he denies creativity to other translators but as the auto-translator, Kundera freely rewrites, rather than just retranslates, his own works. By exploring the convoluted and complex history of translations of Kundera’s works, I will try to illuminate the reasons behind Kundera’s posture. I will support my discussion by analyzing not only well known Kundera’s statements, but also those less quoted which, as I have discovered, are rather crucial to understanding Kundera’s position.
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Baum, Tom. "Platform (translated from the French by Frank Wynne)." Tourism Management 26, no. 2 (2005): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.010.

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Cappelle, Bert, and Rudy Loock. "Is there interference of usage constraints?" Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 25, no. 2 (2013): 252–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.25.2.05cap.

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We examine the possible impact of frequency differences between a construction in L1 and its equivalent in L2 on translations. Our case is that of existential there in English and existential il y a in French. Using corpus evidence, we first confirm previous claims that existential there is used more freely in English than existential il y a is in French. Drawing on extensive counts conducted in available corpora and self-compiled samples of translated English and French, intra-language comparisons of translated and non-translated language use show that existential there is under-represented in English translated from French while existential il y a is over-represented in French translated from English. It is suggested that source-language interference is responsible for these differences. In addition, counts of existentials in individual novels and their translations show that inter-language frequency shifts systematically occur in the direction of target-language norms, most clearly so for translations into French, which suggests that the observed usage constraint on il y a still applies to a noticeable extent in translated French. Methodologically, we argue the need for a large corpus of translated French.
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Vanderbauwhede, Gudrun, Piet Desmet, and Peter Lauwers. "The Shifting of the Demonstrative Determiner in French and Dutch in Parallel Corpora: From Translation Mechanisms to Structural Differences." Meta 56, no. 2 (2011): 443–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1006186ar.

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This paper focuses on translational shifts with respect to the demonstrative determiner in French and Dutch in parallel corpora. The paper aims to identify the types of translation shifts that occur systematically, and to explore the underlying mechanisms and semantic effects of this process. For this purpose, a well-balanced sub-corpus of the Dutch Parallel Corpus is used, making it possible to analyze both directions (French – Dutch and Dutch – French). In this corpus, 50% of the demonstrative determiners are translated by a demonstrative in the target text (in both directions). In 20% of the cases, the demonstrative is translated by a definite article, or vice versa, while 30% are translated by another grammatical element (e.g., indefinite determiner, adverb, personal pronoun) or vice versa. The parallel corpus study reveals that translational shifts with respect to French and Dutch demonstratives can be attributed to three different mechanisms: (1) translator preference related to translation universals at the level of the noun phrase (omissions, additions and reformulations of the noun phrase), (2) specific manifestations of translation universals within the noun phrase (syntagmatic and paradigmatic explicitation and implicitation involving demonstrative shifting) and (3) structural divergences between the French and Dutch demonstrative determiner systems (fixed expressions and semantic differences). This analysis demonstrates the usefulness of a detailed parallel corpus study, which clearly distinguishes between changes occurring at different levels, in accounting for divergent translations of the demonstrative determiner in different languages. To this end, several types of explanation drawn from various fields (such as translation studies and contrastive linguistics), must be considered.
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Wall, G. "Gustave Flaubert: Eleven Letters: Newly translated from the French." Cambridge Quarterly XXV, no. 3 (1996): 213–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/camqtly/xxv.3.213.

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Waberi, A. A. "Benjamin's Cousins: (Translated from the French by Dominic Thomas)." Forum for Modern Language Studies 45, no. 2 (2008): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fmls/cqp007.

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Bowker, Lynne. "Machine translation and author keywords: A viable search strategy for scholars with limited English proficiency?" Advances in Classification Research Online 29, no. 1 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/acro.v29i1.15455.

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Author keywords are valuable for indexing articles and for information retrieval (IR). Most scientific literature is published in English. Can machine translation (MT) help researchers with limited English proficiency to search for information? We used two MT systems (Google Translate, DeepL Translator) to translate into English 71 Spanish keywords and 43 French keywords from articles in the domain of Library and Information Science. We then used the English translations to search the Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts (LISTA) database. Half of the translated keywords returned relevant results. Of the half that did not, 34% were well translated but did not align with LISTA descriptors. Translation-related problems stemming from orthographic variation, synonymy, differing syntactic preferences, and semantic field coverage interfered with IR in just 16% of cases. Some of the MT errors are relatively “predictable” and if knowledge organization systems could be augmented to deal with them, then MT may prove even more useful for searching.
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Moyes, Lianne. "From one colonial language to another: Translating Natasha Kanapé Fontaine’s “Mes lames de tannage”." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 10, no. 1 (2018): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/tc29378.

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Signed and posted to the internet on July 6, 2012 in the months following the “Printemps érable” and leading up to Idle No More, “Mes lames de tannage” is one of Natasha Kanapé Fontaine’s most important slams. In analysing my English translation of this slam, published in Canadian Literature in 2016, this essay speaks to the relationship between Indigenous literatures and European languages. It participates in a conversation about what it means to translate French-language Indigenous literature from Quebec into English. Such translation enables Indigenous writers across North America to make links with each other and foster a broader interpretive community for their writing. Given the flow of Indigenous literature and critical thought from English into French over the past decades, thanks to publishing houses in France, the recent wave of translations from French into English and the sharing of French-language work mark a significant shift in the field. At the same time, the gesture of translating into English a writer who works primarily in French but is in the process of relearning her maternal language, Innu-aimun, brings to the fore all the pitfalls of moving from one colonial language to another. The challenge for translation is not to lose sight of Kanapé Fontaine’s relationship to French and especially, the way she lends it her voice. In the slam, French is a language of contestation but also of collaboration. Drawing on what she calls a “poetics of relation to the land,” Kanapé Fontaine works toward a respectful cohabitation of the territory. In this context, my strategies of including the French alongside the English and leaving words un-translated aim to disrupt the English version, expose the mediating work of the settler-translator and turn attention to Kanapé Fontaine’s mobilization of French for a writing of decolonization.
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Band, Karin R. M. "The many ways of saying “pattern” in French medical texts." Meta 46, no. 1 (2002): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/001965ar.

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Abstract “Pattern” occurs in French as an anglicism; however, its meaning and scope of application are more restricted than those of the English term. With few exceptions, there is no one word that could be used as a French equivalent (the “missing word”). As a result, the meanings of “pattern” will need to be translated in other ways. The challenge to the translator working from French is to recognize “pattern” (the «hidden word”) behind the French terms, and restore it as and where required in the target language. This paper gives equivalents of “pattern” found in context-matched French medical texts.
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Larouche, Valérie, Gabriel Revon-Rivière, Donna Johnston, et al. "Translating the Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool (SSPedi) into French and among French-speaking children receiving cancer treatments, evaluating understandability and cultural relevance in a multiple-phase descriptive study." BMJ Open 10, no. 4 (2020): e035265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035265.

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ObjectivesSymptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool (SSPedi) is a validated approach to measuring bothersome symptoms for English-speaking and Spanish-speaking children with cancer and paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. Objectives were to translate SSPedi into French, and among French-speaking children receiving cancer treatments, to evaluate understandability and cultural relevance.MethodsWe conducted a multiphase, descriptive study to translate SSPedi into French. Forward translation was performed by four medical translators. After confirming that back translation was satisfactory, we enrolled French-speaking children with cancer and paediatric HSCT recipients at four centres in France and Canada.Primary and secondary outcome measuresUnderstandability was evaluated by children themselves who self-reported degree of difficulty, and by two adjudicators who rated incorrectness. Assessment of cultural relevance was qualitative. Participants were enrolled in cohorts of 10.ResultsThere were 30 children enrolled. Participants were enrolled from Marseille (n=10, 33%), Ottawa (n=1, 3%), Quebec City (n=11, 37%) and Toronto (n=8, 27%). No child reported that it was hard or very hard to complete French SSPedi in the last cohort of 10 participants. Changes to the instrument itself were not required. After enrolment of 30 respondents, the French translation of SSPedi was considered finalised based on self-reported difficulty with understanding, adjudicated incorrect understanding and cultural relevance.ConclusionsWe translated and finalised SSPedi for use by French-speaking children and adolescents receiving cancer treatments. Future work should begin to use the translated version to conduct research and to facilitate clinical care.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Translated from French"

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Cobban, Michelle. "Bridging the two solitudes : translated French-Canadian children’s literature from 1900 to 2004." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/17922.

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In Canada, where only 18% of the population is bilingual in English and French, translation should be an essential part of Canadian literature, and research on translation should be an essential part of research on Canadian literature. In the field of Canadian children’s literature, however, research on translation has been minimal. There has not been a significant, in-depth overview of translated Canadian children’s literature since 1987, and since then, much has changed. This study updates the current knowledge of Canadian children’s books that have been translated from French into English and published in Canada from 1900 to 2004. It compiles a comprehensive list of the translated French-Canadian children’s books held by Library and Archives Canada and analyses characteristics of the books in order to identify historical and contemporary trends in translated French-Canadian children’s literature. The study identifies 678 translations, observing that the annual number of translations has increased fairly steadily since 1900, peaking in 2001 and decreasing dramatically since then. The majority of translations are picture books and illustrated nonfiction, with other genres like novels, drama, and short stories figuring much less prominently, and poetry not being translated at all. Series have played a significant role in translation, particularly the Caillou series, which makes up over 12% of the translations in this study. Overall, Canadian publishers have tended to be cautious, publishing well-known French-Canadian authors, illustrators, and series almost exclusively, rather than taking risks on unfamiliar authors or challenging themes. Translations by English-Canadian publishers, who had historically published the majority of English translations, have decreased steadily since 1988, while translations by Quebec publishers increased from the 1970s to 2001, when they also began to decrease. The relatively low popularity of translated books in the English language market, coupled with Canadian publishers’ increasing reliance on the American market, as well as inconsistent government support for translations, has left French-Canadian children’s literature in a state of crisis. As a result, the number and diversity of translated French-Canadian children’s books are limited; this is a particular concern for anglophone Canadians, who have no other way to experience French-Canadian children’s literature except in translation.<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Library, Archival and Information Studies (SLAIS), School of<br>Graduate
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Books on the topic "Translated from French"

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Aïvanhov, Omraam Mikhaël. The true meaning of Christ's teaching: Translated from the French. Editions Prosveta, 1985.

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L, Marriott G. R., ed. Primitive property, translated from the French of Emile de Laveleye. F.B. Rothman, 1985.

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Rubino, Elizabeth A. Natchitoches Parish legal records: Translated from original French to English. Natchitoches Genealogical & Historical Assoication, 2003.

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1873-1954, Colette, ed. Duo ; and, Le toutounier : two novels translated from the French. Peter Owen, 1999.

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1934-, Schmidt Paul, ed. Complete works: Arthur Rimbaud ; translated from the French by Paul Schmidt. HarperPerennial, 2000.

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The world more or less: Translated from the French ; by Barbara Wright. The Harvill Press, 1998.

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Reyes, Alina. When you love you must depart. Minerva, 1996.

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Boulle, Pierre. The bridge on the River Kwai: Translated from the French by Xan Fielding. Mandarin, 1996.

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Aubert, Charles. The art of pantomime / Charles Aubert ; translated from the French by Edith Sears. Dover Publications, 2003.

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Vladimir, Volkoff. The set-up: A novel of espionage ; translated from the French by Alan Sheridan. Methuen, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Translated from French"

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Saladin, Irina. "(Un-)Sichtbare Routen." In Übersetzungskulturen der Frühen Neuzeit. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62562-0_7.

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ZusammenfassungThis paper focusses on intermedial translation processes in the production of Early Modern maps. Around 1700, the French geographers Claude and Guillaume Delisle collected travelogues from many different authors as sources for their maps of North America. The numerous drafts they created on the basis of these travelogues demonstrate how narrative texts were transformed for use as cartographic representations. As will become apparent, father and son Delisle did not simply translate individual pieces of geographical information into cartographic signs. Rather, they translated spatial conceptions in the form of itineraries by adapting them to the logic and specific characteristics of the medium of maps. In consequence, the itineraries and the actors who had travelled and described them became invisible for readers of maps.
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Derer, Sofia. "Die Entstehung von Johann Michael Moscheroschs Insomnis Cura Parentum (1643)." In Übersetzungskulturen der Frühen Neuzeit. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62562-0_15.

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ZusammenfassungThe paper explores the multi-stage process of translation that enabled German writer Johann Michael Moscherosch to refer to the perusal of Elizabeth Jocelyn’s conduct book The Mothers Legacy to her Vnborn Childe as one of the main factors in his decision to write his own devotional book, Insomnis Cura Parentum (1643). It is argued that Moscherosch himself did not translate The Mothers Legacy from the French, but rather read it in an already existing German translation based on a French version. In addition to tracing back the ways in which The Mothers Legacy, as a result of small changes in both translations, became more compatible with the Strasbourg-specific rendition of Lutheranism that largely shaped Moscherosch’s religious views and therefore his parenting, the paper aims to show how aspects of religious confession, regional politics, and the book trade were crucial in the reception of seventeeth-century devotional writing.
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Martin, Alison E. "Styling Science." In Nature Translated. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439329.003.0002.

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This chapter sets out the critical and historical framework of this study by focusing on three key aspects. Firstly, it attends to the characteristic features of and changes in scientific writing in nineteenth-century Britain, taking examples from the work of Charles Lyell, Michael Faraday and Charles Darwin, to establish a sense of the repertoire of stylistic models on which Humboldt’s British translators could draw. A second section examines Humboldt’s own writing style and briefly addresses the difficulties inherent in translating it from the French- or German-language originals. Finally, this chapter focuses in particular on style in translation and explores the swiftly evolving field of translation theory in the nineteenth century, drawing in particular on Friedrich Schleiermacher, to contextualise the strategies that Humboldt’s translators were employing.
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Clark, Frederic. "Dares Translated." In The First Pagan Historian. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190492304.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 turns to Dares’ place in complex medieval debates over the relative merits of history and fiction. Focusing on the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, it begins by discussing readings of the Destruction of Troy as moral exemplum and then examines how Dares sheds new light on an oft-discussed topic in the medieval reception of antiquity: i.e., allegory. From allegory and exemplarity it moves to poetry, exploring how sources including the Old French Roman de Troie of Benoît de Sainte-Maure, the Iliad of Joseph of Exeter, and the Troilus of Albert von Stade appropriated the supposed truth of the first pagan historian and then translated it into verse. In particular, it reconstructs how medieval poets who claimed to follow Dares engaged in both imitation of—and polemic against—ancient poets like Virgil. This chapter closes with considerations of Dares’ role in later medieval literature, including his use by figures like Guido delle Colonne, Petrarch, and Chaucer.
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Martin, Alison E. "‘A Colossal Literary and Scientific Task’: Helen Maria Williams and the Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of the New Continent (1814–1829)." In Nature Translated. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474439329.003.0004.

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This chapter concentrates on Helen Maria Williams, Paris salonnière, radical author and poet. Her translation of Humboldt’s weighty account of his voyage through the Americas with the French Botanist Aimé Bonpland, the Relation historique du voyage aux regions équinoxiales du nouveau continent (1814-25), appeared as the seven-volume Personal Narrative of the Equinoctial Regions (Longman, 1814-29). Her rather literal translation was as unpopular as Black’s was well liked by a British readership, but it enjoyed Humboldt’s approval. Previously overlooked archival material detailing the corrections he made to her translation illustrate the close collaborative nature of the undertaking, but also the stylistic freedoms Humboldt permitted her. Williams’s frequently creative (or downright ‘unfaithful’) translational choices favoured the idiom of the sublime in tropical descriptions, which, in their phrasing, also recalled lines from Milton, Thomson or Blake. Williams therefore allowed works from the British literary canon to echo through Humboldt’s prose, making it seem subtly familiar to Anglophone readers. This chapter concludes by focusing briefly on William MacGillivray’s Travels and Researches of Alexander von Humboldt (1832), a successfully revised version of William’s Personal Narrative.
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Schnapper, Dominique. "A View from a French Sociologist." In British Sociology Seen from Without and Within. British Academy, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197263426.003.0008.

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The French are not familiar with British sociology. As a first indicator, British sociology is hardly ever translated into French. In Britain, Anthony Giddens is the most cited and the most widely read British sociologist, along with Karl Marx, Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, and Talcott Parsons. British sociology is not well known and is rather uninfluential in France. On the one hand, its so-called ‘classical’ form, used by the 1950 generation, appears to many to be too rigorous and too marked by ‘positivism’. This type of sociology is therefore the object of criticism both on the continent and among young British sociologists. What is striking when reading British sociology is that British research has often been more rigorous than French research because it is based on fieldwork of an anthropological nature, an approach which French scholars have often been reticent about. Moreover, British researchers are more scathing, when it comes to criticism of their own nation, than their French counterparts.
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"Chapter Six. Petrarch Translated And Illustrated, From Clément Marot To Jan Van Der Noot." In Dispositio: Problematic Ordering in French Renaissance Literature. BRILL, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004163058.i-248.38.

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"Introduction." In An Old French Trilogy, translated by Catherine M. Jones, William W. Kibler, and Logan E. Whalen. University Press of Florida, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813066462.003.0001.

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The introductory chapter situates the three texts within the tradition of Old French epic poetry or chansons de geste. The reader is first introduced to the formal and thematic characteristics of the genre, with particular attention to formulaic style. Derived from orally transmitted heroic songs, the Old French epics celebrate memorable exploits using a repertory of standard motifs. The chapter also provides an overview of the William of Orange cycle as well as summaries and brief analyses of the three translated poems. A translators’ note explains the principles guiding the translation.
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Griffiths, Huw. "Necks, Throats and Windpipes in Henry V: Sovereignty Translated." In Shakespeare's Body Parts. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474448703.003.0003.

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Henry V features a lot of throats, necks and – in French – “gorges”. It is also a play interested in the relationship between sovereign power and capital punishment. These vulnerable body parts are frequently placed within violent acts of translation and exchange: throats cut, strangled and transformed. French gorges are put in the place of English throats as Nym and Pistol trade threats back in England; Pistol offers to refrain from “couper la gorge” if he is given English “brave crowns” in return; the “col” of a French princess is translated into an English “nick”; and Bardolph’s “vital thread” is “cut / With edge of penny cord” in return for stealing “a pax of little worth”. It is in, and through, the “throat” that Henry V represents and interrogates the transactions that pertain to the mechanics of sovereignty.
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Williams, Wes. "Monsters and the Question of Inheritance in Early Modern French Theatre." In Epic Performances from the Middle Ages into the Twenty-First Century. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804215.003.0008.

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Following its ‘rebirth’ in the early sixteenth century, Heliodorus’ Aethiopika, itself a self-consciously theatrical, suspenseful narrative reworking of Homer, spent the next 150 years or so being edited, translated, and painted; it was also reimagined as dramatic poetry on the Italian, Spanish, French, and English stages. This chapter sketches out a few French aspects of this story, with occasional reference to other traditions, with its overriding obsession with the ‘faire’ Chariclea. Not least of the remarkable things about Heliodorus’ own reworking of epic tropes and themes is the very long recognition scene. This compelling scene, in which women rescue women, draws together the many strands of a tragicom(ed)ic tale about monsters, inheritance, doubtful generation, and the power of the imagination. Here we can see how tragicomedy might itself usefully be thought of as epic reimagined on stage as romance.
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Conference papers on the topic "Translated from French"

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Correard, Nicolas. "¿Lazarillo Libertin? Sobre la primera recepción en Europa del Norte: traducciones e inspiraciones anticlericales." In Simposio internacional El Lazarillo y sus continuadores: Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, 10 y 11 de octubre de 2019, Universidade da Coruña: [Actas]. Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidade da Coruña, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497497657.29.

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It has often been argued that the picaresque genre derived from the Lazarillo castigado, if not from the Guzmán de Alfarache, more than from the original Lazarillo. Such an assumption neglects the fact that the first French and English translations did rely on the 1554 text, whose influence, conveyed by the 1555 sequel also translated in French in 1598, did last until the early 17th century. Probably designed in an Erasmian circle, the anticlerical satire, enhanced by provoking allusions to certain catholic dogmas, did not pass unnoticed: the marginal comments of the translations, for instance, testify for a strong interest for this theme. It is no wonder, therefore, if the first satirical narratives freely inspired by the Lazarillo, such like The Unfortunate Traveller by Nashe, the Euphormio Lusinini Satyricon by Barclay, or the Première journée by Viau, adapted its religious satire to their own actuality: in the context of the rise of libertine thinking, characters of Jesuits and Puritans could become new targets for novelistic scenes based on an obviously “lazarillesque” model.
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Sonina, Snejina, and Sylvia Mittler. "Business French and Translation in the Era of Google Translate: Variations on the Action-based Approach in Language Courses." In Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.8009.

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In this article we outline our practices for the inclusion of electronic translation devices in specialized French language courses and reflect upon the changing landscape of language teaching. We describe how the use of Google Translate can increase students' awareness of linguistic, stylistic, and cultural differences in our culturally and linguistically diverse clasrooms. Although we characterize our didactic approach as action based, we differenciate our use of this approach from its common use in general language courses and point out the usefulness of intellectualizing it based on our use of Google Translate in work-place-oriented courses. Furthermore, we use our experience with action based approaches and translation devices to answer the following questions: why are students still learning languages; what are the language skills that they are interested in; and what is the role of a teacher in this new world of quasi-magic linguistic tools.
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Bauby, Catherine E., Vale´ry E. Just, and Caroline Garreau. "Asset Management Evaluation Methods: The EDF Perspective." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-2155.

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The long term management of a production asset raises several major issues, among which rank the technical management of the plant, its economics and the fleet level perspective one has to adopt. Decision makers are therefore faced with the need to define long term policies (until the end of the life of the asset) which take into account multiple criteria including safety (which is paramount) and performance. In this paper we describe the French context where EDF (Electricite´ de France) is both Plant Owner and Operator of a fleet of 58 PWRs. We introduce a three-level methodology for asset management: the component / technical level (how to safely operate daily and invest for the future), the plant level (how to translate technical decisions into plant-wide consequences including economic performance) and the fleet level (how to manage a large number of similar assets). We then focus on the theoretical and practical links one can draw between the component level and the plant level. We describe several plant-wide indicators that are used to assess the value of the asset and we show how they can be inferred from the component-level technical and economic assessment (long-term equipment reliability, maintenance strategies, ...) by « rolling up » component level plans into a plant-wide decision process while taking into account the various sources of uncertainty associated with this assessment. We finally exemplify how this process could be applied to the life management of nuclear assets. To conclude, it appears asset management can be a major means for assessing and enhancing the long term value of a production unit while meeting everyday constraints.
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Sajjadi, Amir Yousef, Ogugua Onyejekwe, Shreya Raje, Kunal Mitra, and Michael Grace. "Thermal Ablation of Mouse Skin Tissue Using Ultra-Short Pulse 1552 nm Laser." In ASME 2008 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the Fluids Engineering, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2008-56396.

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Abstract:
Analysis of biological tissue ablation by an ultra-short pulse laser and the corresponding mathematical modeling of ablation are of fundamental importance to the understanding of laser-tissue interaction for advancing surgical application of lasers. The objective of this paper is to analyze the thermal ablated damage zones during irradiation of freshly excised mouse skin tissue samples by a novel approach of using a focused laser beam from an ultra-short pulse laser source. Experiments are performed using Raydiance Desktop Laser having a wavelength of 1552 nm and a pulse width of 1.3 ps. Mouse tissue samples are translated in a direction perpendicular to the laser beam using three-axis automated motion-controlled stages. Scanning of the tissue sample ensures a fresh region of the tissue is irradiated each time. The surface temperature distribution is measured using a thermal imaging camera. It is observed that use of focused beam results in minimal radial heat spread to the surrounding tissue regions. The ablation phenomenon is analytically modeled by the use of two-phase transient heat conduction model. After completion of tissue irradiation experiments, histological studies are performed using frozen sectioning technique to observe morphological changes in tissue samples in response to laser irradiation. The ablation depth measurements obtained using histological studies are compared with the modeling results. A parametric study of various laser parameters such as time-average power, pulse repetition rate, and pulse energy, and as well as irradiation time and scanning velocity is performed to determine the necessary ablation threshold. Analytical modeling results are in very good agreement with experimentally measured ablation depth. The goal of this research is to develop a tool for selection of appropriate laser parameters for precise clean tissue ablation.
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Cunningham, Matt, Sarah Howard, Abby Beltrame, Yan Chen, and Mark Smith. "Thrombogenicity Testing for Blood-Contacting Medical Devices in an In Vitro Human Blood-Loop." In 2018 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2018-6875.

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Thrombogenicity testing continues to be a critical requirement for regulatory approval of blood-contacting medical devices and the ISO guidelines have recently been updates [1]. This new guideline ascribes value to both in vivo and in vitro testing including both the non-anticoagulated venous implant (NAVI) model, and the new methods for in vitro testing. One challenge with the animal-blood-based in vitro assays that have been validated and used for submissions is that they still may not accurately translate to clinical safety or predict the risk for thrombogenic potential in humans. We have previously described a model using minimally heparinized ovine blood and are continuing to improve the overall methodology [2,3]. In addition, we have transferred these methods to a human blood assay which therefore has enhanced potential for prediction of clinical risk. As with the ovine model, the key characteristics of a successful in vitro method include fresh blood, low levels of anticoagulation, flow conditions and minimization of air/blood interfaces. This human model integrates freshly harvested human blood containing minimal levels of heparin with variable flow from a unidirectional peristaltic pump and unlike many of the human blood assays, it can accommodate larger devices and higher flow rates than previously described [1,4]. Control materials which were optimized in the ovine model were also used to reproducibly elicit positive and negative thrombogenic responses. We feel that this model can be used for validation of the ovine model with cross comparisons of a number of legally marketed comparator devices. Alternatively, if the human blood methodology can be streamlined and performed cost effectively on a regular and basis, this assay could supplant the current ovine model and allow a highly predictive preclinical test for thrombogenicity of devices.
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