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1
Steiner, Christina. "Translated people, translated texts : language and migration in some contemporary African fiction." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8100.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 209-215)<br>This thesis examines contemporary migration narratives by four African writers living in the diaspora and writing in English: Leila Aboulela and Jamal Mahjoub from the Sudan, now living in Scotland and Spain respectively and Abdulrazak Gurnah and Moyez G. Vassanji from Tanzania now residing in the UK and Canada. Focusing on how language operates in relation to both culture and identity, this study foregrounds the complexities of migration as cultural translation. Cultural translation is a concept which locates itself in postcolonial literary theory as well as translation studies. The manipulation of English in such a way as to signify translated experience is crucial in this regard. The thesis focuses on a particular angle on cultural translation for each writer under discussion: translation of Islam and the strategic use of nostalgia in Leila Aboulela's texts; translation and the production of scholarly knowledge in Jamal Mahjoub's novels; translation and storytelling in Abdulrazak Gurnah's fiction; and finally translation between the individual and old and new communities in Vassanji's work. The conclusion of the thesis brings all four writer's texts into conversation across these angles. What emerges from this discussion across the chapter boundaries is that cultural translation rests on ongoing complex processes of transformation determined by idiosyncratic factors like individual personality as well as social categories like nationality, race, class and gender. The thesis thus contributes to the understanding of migration as a common condition of the postcolonial world as well as offering a detailed look at particular travellers and their unique journeys.
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Giannossa, Leonardo. "A Corpus-based Investigation of Lexical Cohesion in EN and IT Non-translated Texts and in IT Translated Texts." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1339787549.
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Bystrova-McIntyre, Tatyana. "Cohesion in Translation: A Corpus Study of Human-translated, Machine-translated, and Non-translated Texts (Russian into English)." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1353451112.
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Alekseyenko, Nataliya Vitalyevna. "A corpus-based study of theme and thematic progression in English and Russian non-translated texts and in Russian translated texts." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1373497827.
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Mpolweni, Nosisi Lynette. "The reader-centredness of translated financial texts into isiXhosa." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1123.
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Askarieh, Sona. "Cohesion and Comprehensibility in Swedish-English Machine Translated Texts." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108468.
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Access to various texts in different languages causes an increasing demand for fast, multi-purpose, and cheap translators. Pervasive internet use intensifies the necessity for intelligent and cheap translators, since traditional translation methods are excessively slow to translate different texts. During the past years, scientists carried out much research in order to add human and artificial intelligence into the old machine translation systems and the idea of developing a machine translation system came into existence during the days of World War (Kohenn, 2010). The new invention was useful in order to help the human translators and many other people who need to translate different types of texts according to their needs. The new translation systems are useful in meeting people’s needs. Since the machine translation systems vary according to the quality of the systems outputs, their performance should be evaluated from the linguistic point of view in order to reach a fair judgment about the quality of the systems outputs. To achieve this goal, two various Swedish texts were translated by two different machine translation systems in the thesis. The translated texts were evaluated to examine the extent to which errors affect the comprehensibility of the translations. The performances of the systems were evaluated using three approaches. Firstly, most common linguistically errors, which appear in the machine translation systems outputs, were analyzed (e.g. word alignment of the translated texts). Secondly, the influence of different types of errors on the cohesion chains were evaluated. Finally, the effect of the errors on the comprehensibility of the translations were investigated. Numerical results showed that some types of errors have more effects on the comprehensibility of the systems’ outputs. The obtained data illustrated that the subjects’ comprehension of the translated texts depend on the type of error, but not frequency. The analyzing depicted which translation system had best performance.
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Weiss, Sandra. "Cohesion and Comprehensibility in Polish-English Machine Translated Texts." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-74473.
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This paper is a study of Polish-English machine translation, where the impact of various types of errors on cohesion and comprehensibility of the translations was investigated. The following phenomena were in focus: 1. The most common errors produced by current state-of-the-art MT systems for Polish-English MT. 2. The effect of various types of errors on text cohesion. 3. The effect of various types of errors on readers’ understanding of the translation.
8
Galvao, Gabriela. "Linguistic interference in translated academic texts: : A case study of Portuguese interference in abstracts translated into English." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5255.
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<p>AbstractThis study deals with linguistic interference in abstracts of scientific papers translated fromPortuguese into English collected from the online scientific database SciELO. The aim of thisstudy is to analyze linguistic interference phenomena in 50 abstracts from the field ofhumanities, history, social sciences, technology and natural sciences. The types ofinterference discussed are syntactic/grammatical, lexical/semantic and pragmatic interference.This study is mainly qualitative. Therefore, the qualitative method was used, in order to findout what kinds of interference phenomena occur in the abstracts, analyze the possible reasonsfor their occurrence and present some suggestions to avoid the problems discussed. Besides, aquantitative analysis was carried out to interpret the results (figures and percentages) of thestudy. The analysis is aimed at providing some guidance for future translations. This studyconcluded that translations from a Romance language (in this case Portuguese) into aGermanic language (English) tend to be more objective and/or sometimes lose originalmeanings attributed in the source text. Another important finding was that abstracts from thehumanities, history and social sciences present more cases of interference phenomena than theones belonging to technology and natural sciences. These findings imply that many abstractswithin these areas have high probability to be subject to the phenomena discussed and,consequently, have parts of their original meaning lost or misinterpreted in the target texts.Keywords: abstracts, bilingualism, cross-linguistic influence, linguistic interference, linguistictransfer, non-native speakers of English, Portuguese-English interference, source text, targettext, translation.</p><br>Study on linguistic interference
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Mabeqa, Thokozile Valencia. "The reader-centredness of translated HIV/AIDS texts into isiXhosa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50514.
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Thesis (M.Phil.)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS is a disease that affects millions of people in South Africa. Various strategies
have been implemented to try and curb this epidemic. One of the strategies 'used is the
dissemination of information pertaining to the prevention of contracting HIV/AIDS. One
of the measures of disseminating such information is through pamphlets and brochures in
all eleven official languages of South Africa.
This research endeavours to establish whether translated HIV/AIDS brochures are
communicative towards its target readers or not. The aim of producing these brochures is
to educate people about ways to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS. On investigating
translated Xhosa HIV/AIDS brochures, the researcher established that some brochures
are poorly translated and fail to accomplish their purpose. Various factors contribute to
the non-communicativeness of these brochures towards their intended target readers. The
microstructure as well as the macrostructure of the texts tend to be problematic as far as
understanding and reader-friendliness are concerned. In the end the people for whom
these texts are intended do not understand the information they so desperately need.
The skopos theory has been recommended by functionalist scholars as an appropriate
translation approach, as it considers the culture of the target readers as well as the
intention of the text. It is also concerned with whether target readers actually understand
the target text. Therefore the skopos theory is promoted in this thesis for the translation of
informative and instructive medical brochures and pamphlets, especially those translated
into Xhosa.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: MIV/VIGS is 'n toestand wat miljoene mense in Suid-Afrika affekteer. Verskeie
strategieë is reeds geïmplementeer om hierdie epidemie te probeer beheer. Een hiervan is
die verspreiding van inligting met betrekking tot die voorkoming van MIVNIGS.
Inligting oor die voorkoms en beheer van MIV/VIGs word, onder andere, versprei deur
middel van pamflette en brosjures in al elf amptelike tale van Suid-Afrika.
Hierdie navorsing probeer vasstelof vertaalde MIVNIGS brosjures effektief met hul
teikenlesers kommunikeer. Die doel van hierdie brosjures is om mense op te voed oor
maniere om die verspreiding van MIVNIGS te bekamp. Deur 'n studie te maak van
vertaalde Xhosa MIVNIGS brosjures, het die navorser die slotsom bereik dat sommige
brosjures baie swak vertaal word en daarom nie hul doel bereik nie. Verskeie faktore dra
by tot die gebrekkige kommunikasie tussen vertalers van hierdie brosjures en hul
teikenlesers. Die mikro- sowel as die makrostruktuur van die tekste skep probleme met
betrekking tot begrip en lesersvriendelikheid. Uiteindelik kry die persone wat die
inligting desperaat benodig, nie toegang daartoe nie.
Die skoposteorie word as die aangewese benadering aanbeveel deur kenners van die
funksionalistiese vertaalteorie, aangesien dit die kultuur van die teikenlesers sowel as die
doel van die teks in ag neem. Hierdie benadering het ook ten doel dat die teikenlesers
werklik die teks sal begryp. Die skoposteorie word dus in hierdie tesis voorgehou as die
geskikte benadering vir die vertaling van informatiewe en instruktiewe mediese brosjures
en pamflette, veral in Xhosa.
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Limongi, Eliana Maria. "The interdependence of extratextual and intratextual factors in translated texts." Florianópolis, SC, 2000. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/78899.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T20:38:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T18:05:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
171166.pdf: 11456974 bytes, checksum: 8e221e222161407a3a0f639b41173193 (MD5)<br>Estudo do modelo funcionalista de "Análise de Textos Voltada para a Tradução", de Christiane Nord, aplicado a um texto selecionado de Ícaro Brasil, revista de bordo da Varig, em sua versão original e traduzida (Português-Inglês), de modo a verificar-se como os fatores extratextuais (i.e., que "cercam" o ato tradutório) e intratextuais (i.e., inseridos "no" texto a ser traduzido) se interrelacionam para a produção de um novo texto (Texto de Chegada - TC). A análise de tais fatores permite a identificação dos elementos do texto de partida (TP) que são relevantes para a produção do TC, assim como que o(a) tradutor(a) estabeleça os procedimentos a serem adotados no processo de produção de um novo texto - para uma audiência específica e para fins específicos - para uma nova situação comunicativa, i.e., de chegada. Proposição de ampliação do modelo de modo a incluir fatores extratextuais não considerados pela referida autora.
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Fattah, Ashraf. "A corpus-based study of conjunctive explicitation in Arabic translated and non-translated texts written by the same translators/authors." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-corpusbased-study-of-conjunctive-explicitation-in-arabic-translated-and-nontranslated-texts-written-by-the-same-translatorsauthors(567f66d4-b0b1-488f-84b7-a95e3866c7c5).html.
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This study investigates clause complexing and conjunctive explicitation in a speciallycompiled corpus consisting of two sets of Arabic translations and comparable non-translatedArabic texts both produced by the same translators/authors in the domainsof history and philosophy. Focusing on certain types of conjunctive markers, thisstudy seeks to find lexico-grammatical evidence of one of the translation-specificfeatures, i.e. features typical of translated language, in these selected target texts,using both parallel and comparable corpora.Adopting a Systemic Functional approach for analyzing logico-semantic relationsbetween clauses, clause complexes and sequences in Arabic, the study examinessome causal and concessive conjunctions and conjunctive Adjuncts in Arabictranslated and non-translated texts, and contrasts these with their English counterpartswith a view to identifying recurrent patterns or trends of 'explicitation', one of thefeatures that are arguably typical of translated texts.Baker (1996) suggests a number of translation-specific features, which manifestthemselves in translated texts on lexical and syntactic levels, and seem to be typicalof translated language in general. Evidence of one such posited feature, namelyexplicitation, is sought in the selected translators' handling of structural and textualconjunctive expressions in the English source texts. Thus, the primary aim of thepresent study is twofold: to examine from a systemic functional perspectivedifferences in the patterns of instantiation of clause complexing and conjunctiverelations in English source texts, their Arabic translations and Arabic non-translationsauthored by the same translators; and to investigate whether, and to what extent, thesedifferences are attributable to explicitation as a translation-specific feature.The originality of this study stems first from its focus on Arabic, thus addressing aconspicuous gap in corpus-based research on translation-specific features, which hasso far been largely confined to Indo-European languages. Secondly, being theorydriven,and specifically embedded in a systemic functional framework, the conceptionof explicitation adopted in this study constitutes a departure from the taxonomicapproach characteristic of a large body of literature on explicitation, which is neitherinformed nor motivated by a coherent theoretical framework, with the result that itoften engenders a flat model of description and classification, with vague overlappingcategories. Confirming the findings of earlier studies on explicitation, this study hasrevealed a tendency of explicitation features to cluster in various metafunctionalenvironments, with the overall effect of reducing vagueness or complexity, avoidingambiguity, and enhancing comprehensibility through enhanced conjunctivecohesiveness, reinforcement, expanded simplification or unpacking of complexconstructions.
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Al-Bainy, Ramez Hamad. "Additions and omissions in translation with reference to literary and legal translated texts." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397634.
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Bam, Robert Graham. "A corpus-driven quantitative analysis of translated and original texts in 'Die Burger'." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50242.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With the emergence of the global village concept over the last two decades, the
role of the act of translation has increased in importance. As people became
aware of the value and significance of texts in foreign languages, it ignited an
interest in the act of translation. Translations were no longer regarded as
inferior, but rather worthy of study.
Prior to the emergence of interest in translation, the translation process had
received little attention, but now slowly became the focus point as researchers
sought to unravel its idiosyncrasies. No longer were researchers merely
prepared to accept the fruits of the process, but they questioned how the
process came about, why it happened and which circumstances, both internal
and external, influenced it.
This research set out to investigate the similarities and differences between
sports texts originally written in Afrikaans and translated sports texts that were
translated from English into Afrikaans. Prior research on this topic had pointed
to a marked lexical difference between original and translated texts. It was
further postulated that the differences and similarities were caused by the
translation process itself and were inherent to it. The current research
attempted to determine these similarities and differences by means of an
electronic lexical analysis of the original and translated corpora using
Wordsmith Tools.
The results confirmed the findings done in prior research, namely that there
were lexical differences between original and translated texts. This study
indicated that the differences were not significant for the study at hand. It
further indicated that the reason for the lack of a significant difference was due
to the common nature of the subject matter and a large degree of shared
information. It was further suggested that the statistics could have been different if the commonality of topic had not been present. Further research
would need to be undertaken by expanding the size and scope of the corpora
so as to be able to reach conclusions based on a greater variety of texts. At the
same time this research suggested that a qualitative analysis of the texts should
be done to support the quantitative findings of the research.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As gevolg van die snelle ontwikkeling in kommunikasie oor die laaste twee
dekades, het die rol van vertaling van groter belang geword. Soos mense die
waarde en belangrikheid van tekste in vreemde tale agtergekom het, het daar
nuwe belangstelling in die proses van vertaling ontstaan. Vertaalde tekste is
nie meer as minderwaardig geag nie, maar het nou die teiken van navorsing
geword.
Voor die nuwe belangstelling in vertaling posgevat het, het die proses van
vertaling min aandag gekry, maar dit het stadig maar seker die fokuspunt van
navorsers geword wat die eienaardighede van die proses wou ontrafel.
Navorsers was nie meer tevrede met net die produk nie, maar het die proses
ook ondersoek en wou weet waarom die proses op 'n sekere wyse plaasgevind
het en watter omstandighede, intern sowel as ekstern, 'n invloed daarop
uitgeoefen het.
Hierdie navorsing het ten doelom die ooreenkomste en verskille tussen
sporttekste wat oorspronklik in Afrikaans geskryf is en tekste wat uit Engels
vertaal is, te ondersoek. Vorige navorsing op dié gebied het daarop gedui dat
daar waarneembare verskille tussen vertaalde en oorspronklike tekste is en dat
die verskille aan die proses self toegeskryf kan word en dat dit inherent deel is
daarvan. Huidige navorsing het ten doelom die moontlike ooreenkomste en
verskille vas te stel met behulp van 'n elektroniese leksikale ontleding van die
oorspronklike en vertaalde korpora met behulp van Wordsmith Tools.
Die bevindings van hierdie navorsing het die vorige navorsingsresultate
bevestig, naamlik dat vertaalde en oorspronklike tekste op leksikale vlak verskil.
Die huidige navorsing het egter aangetoon dat die verskille nie beduidend is hierdie studie ontleed is. Dit het verder aangedui dat die rede hiervoor
toegeskryf kan word aan die gemeenskaplikheid van die materiaal en die groot
hoeveelheid gedeelde inligting. Die navorsing het ook aangedui dat die
statistiek moontlik sou verskil het indien die gemeenskaplikheid nie teenwoordig
was nie. Verdere navorsing moet onderneem word deur die grootte en omvang
van die korpora uit te brei sodat afleidings gemaak kan word met behulp van 'n
groter verskeidenheid tekste. Terselfdertyd het die navorser aanbeveel dat
kwalitatiewe navorsing van die tekste uitgevoer word om die bevindinge van die
kwantitatiewe navorsing te ondersteun.
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Nohara, Kayoko. "Problems of domestication and foreignisation in translated texts, with reference to English and Japanese." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312680.
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Smith, Lisa Caroline. "Transmission and reconstruction : the role of translated texts in the development of the novel in Hindi, 1890-1920." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251978.
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Jacobson, Holly E. "Translation of the health brochure and impact on the target reader: A contrastive analysis of the structural and pragmatic features of texts translated into Spanish versus texts written originally in Spanish." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280112.
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This study involved the analysis of a corpus of health brochures in Spanish, contrasting the way this particular genre is formed and understood in the United States and Mexico. The corpus is made up of two subcorpora: a collection of health brochures published in the United States (translated from English into Spanish), and a collection of brochures from Mexico (written originally in Spanish). These subcorpora were analyzed and compared from many different angles, providing a comprehensive view of how the texts are structured and organized. Analysis at the microlinguistic level, grounded in Speech Act Theory, shows differences in the linguistic realization of the persuasive interactional goals in the two text types. At the macrolinguistic level, a factor analysis reveals differences between the two text types in terms of the patterning and co-occurrence of linguistic features serving the overall informational and persuasive functions characteristic of the health brochure. These differences are attributed to the interpersonal relations and cultural and social contexts in which the two text types are embedded. A subset of texts from both subcorpora was field tested with the aim of assessing the impact of the two text types on readers, in addition to readers' perceptions of the texts. Fifty-four Spanish-speaking adults from Mexico participated in this part of the study. Field testing involved a three pronged approach: a pretest-posttest protocol, recall protocol, and interviews. Responses provide a look at the brochures from the perspective of the reader, and shed light on the role of the two text types in the Mexican community. Results of both parts of this study contribute to the fields of translation studies, translator training, contrastive rhetoric, corpus linguistics, genre analysis, cross-cultural communication, and health education and communication.
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Masson, Renée. "Negotiating a Punctuated Landscape: A Study of Asyndetic Translation Based on Relevance Theory." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37108.
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Little thought has been given to asyndeton in modern texts, including the translated text. In fact, if manuals on French-to-English translation even mention this troublesome case of punctuation, they almost certainly warn the student translator against replicating it in English, even in literary translation. Writing norms would forbid it, they warn. It would be taken as merely a sloppy case of comma use. Although asyndeton is typically considered a faux pas in English, replicating it may not always be a mistake. Inspired by Québécoise author Catherine Harton’s Traité des peaux (an especially asyndetic collection of short stories published in 2015), this thesis aims to study how asyndeton may be successfully translated from French into English in literary texts. To do so, it adopts Sperber and Wilson’s relevance theory, noting how this theory not only accounts for poetic effects but also provides a principle that can guide translators as they seek to replicate these effects. This thesis then uses relevance theory to analyze cases of asyndeton drawn from three stories in Harton’s collection. The study concludes that there are at least six cases where asyndeton may be effectively translated as asyndeton in literary texts.
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Kenny, Dorothy A. "Norms and creativity : : lexis in translated text." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488168.
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Brauer, Gerhard Walter. "Is there an educational problem with reading Hannah Arendt's The Human Condition in English only? : an examination of how certain aspects of education in the English-speaking world tend to make it difficult to gain access to ideas in self-translated texts." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31260.
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The author makes the argument that Hannah Arendt's frequently awkward use of English adversely affects the readability of her work. Based primarily on examples selected from Arendt's The Human Condition, the analysis shows how the low readability of a text prevents discourse about its message. At issue in this thesis is the fact that, although most of the philosophy texts in higher education were translated from other languages, they are usually assigned for reading without first making students aware of the impact that translation can have on coherence. The issue is relevant to this thesis because The Human Condition is the product of reverse-mental-self-translation from Arendt's inner German. English was not her mother tongue, yet she published in English without allowing her text to be subjected to other than technical editing, resulting in many incoherent passages and the relative inaccessibility of her core ideas. Because such incoherence, when authored by a prominent figure, is often naively accepted by monolingual scholars as stylistic eccentricity or semantic innovation, it is referred to, herein, as the 'translation-induced lionization of text,' or TILT. More specifically, the thesis is a semantic critique of Arendt's translation of the German gerunds Arbeiten, Herstellen, and Handeln (equivalent to the Greek words ponein, poiesis and praxis) into the English nouns 'labour,' 'work,' and 'action.' This triad is ill-conceived; they might, more usefully, have been translated as 'toiling,' 'making,' and 'acting.' In particular, by mistranslating Herstellen as 'work' instead of 'making,' Arendt makes it impossible, on the first page of the book already, for the reader to engage in the kind of debate that is so ably informed by Vita activa, the German translation of her book. As a possible solution to what he perceives to be a major educational problem, the author proposes that students be trained (and required to engage) in slow-reading, a special approach to the reading of challenging texts. In addition, the author laments the demise of respect for, and appreciation of, polyglotism, once a highly valued skill directly relevant to studying and understanding the human condition.<br>Education, Faculty of<br>Educational Studies (EDST), Department of<br>Graduate
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Bose, Sarani 1964. "Performance of bilingual students on translated and non-translated versions of an ability test." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278058.
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The present study investigated cultural bias in the WISC-R and problems that arise from translating the WISC-R from one language to another. Four Verbal subtests--Information, Similarity, Vocabulary, and Comprehension--were split in half by their odd and even items. The even items were translated into Bengali, a language spoken in India. The subtests were then administered as a group, pencil and paper test to 80 East Indian children, whose age ranged from 13 to 16 years. The obtained data was compared to that of an American sample of 51 students. Split half Reliabilities, T tests, Mixed Design ANOVAs, P-values and Chi-Squares were used to analyze the data. Results suggest that both groups performed better on the odd items, overall. Translation does affect the difficulty level of items. Further, some items were identified as biased, positively and negatively, against each of the two sample groups.
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Ilisei, Iustina-Narcisa. "A machine learning approach to the identification of translational language : an inquiry into translationese learning models." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/299371.
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In the world of Descriptive Translation Studies, translationese refers to the specific traits that characterise the language used in translations. While translationese has been often investigated to illustrate that translational language is different from non-translational language, scholars have also proposed a set of hypotheses which may characterise such di erences. In the quest for the validation of these hypotheses, embracing corpus-based techniques had a well-known impact in the domain, leading to several advances in the past twenty years. Despite extensive research, however, there are no universally recognised characteristics of translational language, nor universally recognised patterns likely to occur within translational language. This thesis addresses these issues, with a less used approach in the eld of Descriptive Translation Studies, by investigating the nature of translational language from a machine learning perspective. While the main focus is on analysing translationese, this thesis investigates two related sub-hypotheses: simplication and explicitation. To this end, a multilingual learning framework is designed and implemented for the identification of translational language. The framework is modelled as a categorisation task, the learning techniques having the major goal to automatically learn to distinguish between translated and non-translated texts. The second and third major goals of this research are the retrieval of the recurring patterns that are revealed in the process of solving the task of categorisation, as well as the ranking of the most in uential characteristics used to accomplish the learning task. These aims are ful lled by implementing a system that adopts the machine learning methodology proposed in this research. The learning framework proves to be an adaptable multilingual framework for the investigation of the nature of translational language, its adaptability being illustrated in this thesis by applying it to the investigation of two languages: Spanish and Romanian. In this thesis, di erent research scenarios and learning models are experimented with in order to assess to what extent translated texts can be diff erentiated from non-translated texts in certain contexts. The findings show that machine learning algorithms, aggregating a large set of potentially discriminative characteristics for translational language, are able to diff erentiate translated texts from non-translated ones with high scores. The evaluation experiments report performance values such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure on two datasets. The present research is situated at the con uence of three areas, more precisely: Descriptive Translation Studies, Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing, justifying the need to combine these elds for the investigation of translationese and translational hypotheses.
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Keller, Kristen T. ""Any man translates, and any man translates himself also," Whitman, Martí, and the moving text." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2010. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2010/k_keller_042310.pdf.
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De, Brito Ana Cassilda Saldanha. "Rudyard Kipling's Just So Stories translated into Portuguese : contexts and text." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4874/.
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The aim of this thesis is twofold: to present a translation into Portuguese of Just So Stories by Rudyard Kipling informed by a consideration of textual, contextual and extratextual parameters; and to treat some key issues In Translation Theory and practice which have arisen out of the process of translating the text. The thesis is divided into two parts: Part One, the Introduction; and Part Two, the Translation. In Chapter One of Part One, the evolution of the reception of Kipling's oeuvre is summarised. His work became controversial, with a discrepancy between critical reservation and public acclaim. Against this background, the writings intended primarily for children form an exception. Critical response to this category, although restricted, has generally supported the favourable view of the public. Among the works most highly praised has been Just So Stories. This favourable, although scarce, attention suggests that a detailed critical examination of the text is essential to a full understanding of Kipling's work. Consequently, Just So Stories is considered in terms of its origins, critical reception, style, literary affiliations and possible sources. General points are illustrated by case studies drawn from the text. In Chapter Two, the complex factors which determine what works are translated are summarised. In contemporary Portugal, children's literature publishing is flourishing, and Kipling is represented almost exclusively as a children's author. So, a balanced view of his work is inaccessible to the Portuguese reader. Even within the field of children'S literature, Kipling is not faithfully represented. The only published translation of Just So Stories into Portuguese is an unacknowledged adaptation of a French translation, itself an incomplete version of the original English text. This Portuguese version raises wide issues about the function and role of the translator, which are discussed in detail, with reference to the work of leading theorists of translation theory. In Chapter Three, in order to deal with the factors relevant to the translation of Just So Stories, a distinction is drawn between problems resulting from culture-specific differences and problems resulting from differences in the structures of the two languages. The problems are identified and analysed, and specific case studies drawn from the translation are adduced in illustration of the solutions adopted. As a result of the task of translating Just So Stories and of the study of Translation Theory texts, a view of translation as an approximation and of the translator as a visible interpreter has been reached. Part Two of this thesis consists of the translation of the twelve stories published in 1902, and of the two extra stories published later, 'The Tabu Tale' and 'Ham and the Porcupine'. Notes are kept to a minimum and are only intended to supplement the discussion of translation problems carried out in Chapter Three.
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Khaliq, Shameem Nyla. "A complete test of Hulin's psychometric theory of measurement equivalence on translated tests." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ59755.pdf.
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Krithivasan, Bhavani. "Cross-Language tweet classification using Bing Translator." Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38556.
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Master of Science<br>Department of Computing and Information Sciences<br>Doina Caragea<br>Social media affects our daily lives. It is one of the first sources for finding breaking news. In particular, Twitter is one of the popular social media platforms, with around 330 million monthly users. From local events such as Fake Patty's Day to across the world happenings - Twitter gets there first. During a disaster, tweets can be used to post warnings, status of available medical and food supply, emergency personnel, and updates. Users were practically tweeting about the Hurricane Sandy, despite lack of network during the storm. Analysis of these tweets can help monitor the disaster, plan and manage the crisis, and aid in research.
In this research, we use the publicly available tweets posted during several disasters and identify the relevant tweets. As the languages in the datasets are different, Bing translation API has been used to detect and translate the tweets. The translations are then, used as training datasets for supervised machine learning algorithms. Supervised learning is the process of learning from a labeled training dataset. This learned classifier can then be used to predict the correct output for any valid input. When trained to more observations, the algorithm improves its predictive performance.
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Salimi, Jonni. "Machine Translation Of Fictional And Non-fictional Texts : An examination of Google Translate's accuracy on translation of fictional versus non-fictional texts." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-106670.
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This study focuses on and tries to identify areas where machine translation can be useful by examining translated fictional and non-fictional texts, and the extent to which these different text types are better or worse suited for machine translation. It additionally evaluates the performance of the free online translation tool Google Translate (GT). The BLEU automatic evaluation metric for machine translation was used for this study, giving a score of 27.75 BLEU value for fictional texts and 32.16 for the non-fictional texts. The non-fictional texts are samples of law documents, (commercial) company reports, social science texts (religion, welfare, astronomy) and medicine. These texts were selected because of their degree of difficulty. The non-fictional sentences are longer than those of the fictional texts and in this regard MT systems have struggled. In spite of having longer sentences, the non-fictional texts got a higher BLUE score than the fictional ones. It is speculated that one reason for the higher score of non-fictional texts might be that more specific terminology is used in these texts, leaving less room for subjective interpretation than for the fictional texts. There are other levels of meaning at work in the fictional texts that the human translator needs to capture.
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Nyqvist, Anna. "To Translate and Adapt a text with Long Sentences : With Focus on Readability." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20200.
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When translating from English into Swedish long sentences may be a problem. In this paper an academic text with long sentences and an abstract content is translated and adapted for a larger target reader group. The strategies used in this process of translation and adaptation to make the text more readable are analysed regarding changes in sentence structure, noun phrases and connectors. The terminology of Vinay and Darbelnet’s theoretical model for translation strategies is used to describe some of the changes found. Transposition, such as changes from nouns to verbs and modulation, such as changing from abstract to concrete are frequently used strategies in the process of making the translation adapted for new readers. Furthermore, long sentences have been broken into two or more shorter ones and in this process the importance of connectors has increased to keep the information together. To see the effects of the changes LIX and the ratio between number of nouns and verbs have been used. The LIX value decreased from 64 till 56 for the whole text and the noun verb ratio decreased in all the sentences analysed.
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Ogawa, Haruka. "Difficulty in English-Japanese Translation: Cognitive Effort and Text/Translator Characteristics." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1627043401904391.
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Silva, Francisco. "Mathers' translation of the Clavicula Salomonis : the relationship between translator, text and transmission of a "religious text"." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501976.
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ESTILL, DANIEL ARGOLO. "FROM ARTISANSHIP TO INDUSTRY: THE GLOBALIZED TRANSLATION: AUTHORING, SOURCE TEXT, TRANSLATOR AND TARGET TEXT IN THE INFORMATION ERA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=32288@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>Neste trabalho, analiso de que forma a tradução, nos últimos quarenta anos, deixou de ser uma atividade praticada em moldes artesanais para se transformar numa indústria bilionária e se tornar o idioma da globalização. Para desenvolver essa análise, dialogo com propostas teóricas de autores canônicos para o
estabelecimento de uma historiografia e de uma sociologia da tradução, e com aspectos das linhas sistêmicas e funcionais dos estudos da tradução. A partir desses diálogos, sugiro algumas adaptações teóricas e metodológicas para redimensionar o conceito de tradução diante de seu protagonismo no mundo globalizado, com foco na tradução especializada. Após uma breve análise da história conceitual da tradução, levando em conta as mudanças recentes em suas práticas, concluo mostrando de que forma essas transformações se fazem mais visíveis nos conceitos de autoria, texto de partida, tradutor e texto de chegada, considerando a tecnologia presente em cada um desses quatro elementos a materialização dessas transformações, com especial atenção às tecnologias específicas da tradução.<br>This study analyzes how, in the last forty years, translation has ceased to be an artisanal activity to become a billionaire industry and the voice of globalization. To develop this analysis, I discuss theoretical proposals from canonical authors for the establishment of a historiography and of a sociology of
translation, and some aspects of systemic and functional lines of translation studies. Based on these ideas, I suggest some theoretical and methodological adaptations to update the concept of translation as a protagonist in the globalized world, focusing on specialized translation. After a brief analysis of the conceptual history of translation, taking in account recent changes in its practices, I conclude by showing how these transformations became more visible in the concepts of authoring, source text, translator and target text, considering the technology used in each one of these four elements as the materialization of these transformations, with special attention to translation-specific technologies.
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Baibikov, Elena. "Translator-target text relationship : reading Japanese translations of Chekhov's letters to his wife." Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/136460.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(人間・環境学)<br>甲第13924号<br>人博第397号<br>新制||人||98(附属図書館)<br>19||人博||397(吉田南総合図書館)<br>UT51-2008-C840<br>京都大学大学院人間・環境学・環境学研究科共生文明学専攻<br>(主査)教授 前川 玲子, 教授 木村 崇, 教授 服部 文昭<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Möckli, Elisabeth Anita. "Reporting Goebbels in translation : a study of text and context." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10600.
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In its function as a mediating body between the political decision-makers and the population, the media have the potential to influence the public opinion and subsequently, policy making. Representations of political discourses are opinion-shaping instruments and often not mere reflections of a given reality; they incorporate implicit and explicit, conscious and unconscious evaluations. In cross-cultural contexts where information travels across languages the media are highly dependent on translation. Despite its central role, media translation as part of the political process has only recently gained visibility in Translation Studies (TS) and remains widely neglected outside the discipline. Current research in TS often prioritises either the textual analysis or, more recently, the identification of the shaping factors in the news production process, and often fails to address diachronic aspects. This thesis investigates the translations of Goebbels’ speeches as published in the French and British press during the interwar period. It combines a synchronic and diachronic textual analysis, inspired by CDA with an in-depth study of context which draws on socio-historical research and the analysis of archival material. Thereby, the thesis is able to link the textual makeup to a wide variety of socio-political and historical variables via the concepts of ‘framing’ and ‘agenda-setting’. In doing so the thesis demonstrates on the one hand, how translation can function as a means of discourse mediation and, on the other hand, it provides evidence that ideology and political expediency alone cannot explain all textual changes introduced by the translator-journalists. Moreover, describing the development of the media images not only allows to add a translational perspective to the reception of the Third Reich but also contributes to a better understanding of the varying influence of contextual factors. The results of the diachronic analysis show that throughout the interwar period the British media published very little about Goebbels and, up until late in 1938, reports focused on the peaceful intentions he expressed. In contrast, Goebbels was frequently reported on in France and the regime was early on represented as an aggressor. Whilst trends in the quantity mirror the differing economic conditions of the newspaper markets, the quality, i.e. the actual realisation, of the media images seems to be a reflection of the differing socio-political positions of France and the United Kingdom after WW1. The development of the images clearly illustrates that the political ideology of appeasement was finally overridden in the UK in 1938 when political expediency forced the government to take a different course of action. However, the study of the editorial correspondence of the Manchester Guardian brings to light that the mosaic of factors influencing the news production process is more complex. The intervention of the involved governments, personal convictions of the foreign correspondents and the editors, spatial and temporal restrictions, issues of credibility, etc. all impacted on the particular make-up of the media texts. The synchronic textual analysis, on the other hand, reveals that the range of framing devices through which the media images were established was largely determined by text type conventions. The strategies applied range from selective-appropriation of text, repositioning of actors and labelling, to audience representation. The analysis clearly demonstrates that intersemiotic translation, i.e. the representation of the speech context, is equally important as inter- and intra-lingual instances of translation.
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Shead, Andrew Geoffrey. "Jeremiah 32 in its Hebrew and Greek recensions : the prophet, the text, its translator and his critics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625067.
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Chraïbi, Sylvie. "La traduction vers l'arabe des textes relatifs aux droits humains : perspectives historiques du 19ème siècle à nos jours." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030094/document.
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Partant du constat de l‟extrême profusion de textes juridiques et journalistiques relatifs aux droits humains traduits en arabe, nous avons voulu retracer l‟histoire de la traduction de ce genre de textes et mettre en lumière les moments forts de son évolution, aux niveaux terminologique, phraséologique et idéologique. Cette recherche nous a fait remonter jusqu'aux productions d'intellectuels arabes modernistes du XIXème siècle. Nous avons rappelé dans le chapitre 1 les contextes à la fois historiques et discursifs qui ont vu ou fait naître le concept de droits de l'homme puis avons présenté une description détaillée des traductions de 3 textes de référence : les traductions de la Charte constitutionnelle française de 1814 par Rifâ„a Râfi„ al-Tahtâwî (1801-1873), de la Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen de 1789 (DDHC) par Farah Antûn (1874-1922) et de la Déclaration Universelle des Droits de l’Homme (DUDH) de 1948 par les services de traduction de l‟Onu. Dans le chapitre 2, nous avons cherché à montrer que les textes traduits laissaient toujours transparaître des contradictions ou une certaine concurrence entre, d‟une part, les motivations idéologiques qui président à la rédaction des textes sources et, d‟autre part, les motivations intellectuelles de leurs traducteurs. Toujours dans cette perspective, nous avons étudié, au chapitre 3, trois traductions de textes relatifs au domaine mais de genres différents: un discours politique («A new beginning», Barack Obama), un article spécialisé (Human Rights Watch) et un extrait de rapport (Amnesty International). Nous avons mis en avant la complexité du statut des traducteurs de textes relatifs aux droits humains qui doivent, d‟une part, avoir des connaissances à la fois linguistiques, terminologiques et notionnelles, et, d‟autre part, adopter des stratégies traductives (choix lexicaux et phraséologiques) qui respectent la visée du texte source (politique, militante, informative…)<br>Assessing the extreme profusion of legal and journalistic texts dealing with human rights in Arabic, the aim of this thesis is to retrace the history of those texts‟ translation and to highlight on the most important phasis of its evolution, at terminological, phraseological and ideological levels. This research has made us go back to nineteenth century Arab modernist intellectuals‟ productions. We recalled in Chapter 1 to the both historical and discursive contexts in which the concept of human rights was born. Then, we have presented a detailed description of the translations of three representative texts: the translations of the 1814 French Constitutional Charter by Rifâ„a Râfi „ al-Tahtâwî (1801-1873), of the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Human being and the Citizen (DDHC) by Farah Antûn (1874-1922) and of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) by the United Nations translation services. Chapter 2 demonstrates that the translated texts always denote elements of contradiction or at least some contention between, on the one hand, the ideological motives at the heart of the drafting of the original texts and, on the other hand, the intellectual purposes of the translators. And in such context, Chapter 3 sticks to this point focusing this time on three translations of texts related to the same field but belonging to different genres: a political speech ("A new beginning", Barack Obama), a feature article (Human Rights Watch) and an extract from a survey(Amnesty International). We have highlighted the very complexity inherent to the status of translators of texts dealing with human rights. They, on the one hand, have to be conversant with linguistics, terminological and notional knowledge and, on the other hand, have to keep to traductive strategies (lexical and phraseological choices) in order not to misrepresent the designs of the source text (political, activist, informative ...)
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Stefansson, Ida. "“Översätt den här sidan” : The advancement of Google Translate and how it performs in the online translation of compound and proper nouns from Swedish into English." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Estetisk-filosofiska fakulteten, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-8241.
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The English translation of the Swedish compound fönsterbräda into windowsill, or the proper noun Danmark into Denmark makes perfect sense. But how about the compound fossilbränslefri as simply fossil fuel or the name Mälaren as Lake? All four of these translations have been produced with the help of automatic machine translation. The aim of this paper is to present the expanding field of application of machine translation and some issues related to this type of translation. More specifically, the study has looked at Google Translate as one of the most commonly used machine translation systems online, and how it responds to the two linguistic categories that were selected for this small study: compound nouns and proper nouns. Besides analyzing these categories, two different text types were chosen: general information articles from a local authority website (Stockholm City) and patent texts, both of which belong to the expanding field of application of Google Translate. The results of the study show that in terms of compound nouns, neither of the text types proved to be significantly better suited for machine translation than the other and neither had an error rate below 20 %. Most of the errors related to words being erroneously omitted in the English output and words which were incorrectly translated in relation to context. As for proper nouns, the patent texts contained none and subsequently no error analysis could be made, whereas the general information articles included 76 proper nouns (out of a total word count of 810). The most prominent error related to the Swedish version not being maintained in the English output where it should have been, e.g. translating Abrahamsberg as Abraham rock. The errors in both of the linguistic categories had varying impact on the meaning of the texts, some of which distorted the meaning of the word completely, and some which were of minor importance. This factor, along with the fact that the reader of the text influences how the comprehension level of the text is perceived through their language and subject knowledge, makes it difficult to evaluate the full impact of the various errors. It can, however, be said that patent text could pose as a better option for machine translation than general information articles in relation to proper nouns, as this text type is likely to contain no or very few proper nouns.
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Fränne, Ellen. "Google Traduction et le texte idéologique : dans quelle mesure une traduction automatique transmet-elle le contenu idéologique d'un texte?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-64460.
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Automatic translations, or machine translations, get more and more advanced and common. This paper aims to examine how well Google Traduction works for translating an ideological text. To what extent can a computer program interpret such a text, and render the meaning of complex thoughts and ideas into another language ? In order to study this, UNESCOS World Report Investing in Cultural Diversity and Intercultural Dialogue has been translated from french to swedish, first automatically and then manually. Focusing on denotations, connotations, grammar and style, the two versions have been analysed and compared. The conclusion drawn is that while Google Traduction impresses by its speed and possibilites, editing the automatically translated text in order to correctly transmit the mening and the message of the text to the target language reader, would probably be a more time-consuming process than writing a direct translation manually.
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Стеценко, О. П. "Особливості та проблеми перекладу науково-технічних текстів". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/67110.
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Стрімкий розвиток міжнародних зв’язків у всіх сферах діяльності,
зокрема, в технічній галузі потребує висококваліфікованих
перекладачів, котрі б не тільки відмінно володіли іноземною й рідною
мовою, але й знали всі сфери життя (політику, економіку, культуру
тощо). Технічний перекладач, крім цього має бути глибоко обізнаним
у конкретних галузях: будівельній, нафтогазовій, інформаційних
технологій.
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Jones, Natalie. "Lost in Translation : To what extent can sign language be used to translate the meaning of the text for hearing audiences in classical vocal music?" Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för klassisk musik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-3625.
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The purpose of this project is to examine the extent to which sign language can be used as a means of communicating the text for hearing audiences attending classical vocal recitals. The project discusses historical practices for providing text translation of classical repertoire sung in foreign languages and gives an account of the increasing popularity of sign language interpretation for hearing audiences within the contemporary, commercial music industry. A trial performance is undertaken in order to examine the effectiveness of the idea in the context of classical vocal music. Feedback is gathered from the audience and singer’s perspective during performance and through observations made by studying the video documenting the performance.<br><p>The sounding part of the work consists of the following recording: NJones100619. The Corona virus situation spring semester 2020 has caused limitations in the recording possibilities. The recording may be supplemented. </p>
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Robinson, Olivia Claire. "In pleyn text, withouten nede of glose / thou hast translated the Romaunce of the Rose (prol. LGW, II. 328-9) : translating contested French poetry through Chaucer in late medieval England." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547797.
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Макарчук, О. О. "Фантастичний текст: проблема перекладу". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/67307.
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Переклад посідає важливе місце у літературному процесі, адже
кожен вид літератури послуговується певним видом перекладу.
Приміром, художня література послуговується художнім перекладом.
Художній текст – це втілення творчого задуму; художній твір
володіє високою інформаційною насиченістю, представляє читачеві
різні види інформації – змістовно-фактуальну, емотивно-спонукальну,
концептуальну. Художні тексти відображають мовну і національну
картину світу як окремої людини (автора), так і в цілому народу.
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Pease, García Yrigoyen Franklin. "COBO SJ., Bemabé, History of the Inca Empire. An account of the Indians custom and their origin with a treatise on Inca legends, history, and social institutions; translated and edited by Roland Hamilton. Foreword· by John Rowe.University of Texas Press, Austin and London, 1979; XXII, 279 págs." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122260.
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Sjöberg-Hawke, Carina. "Translating a guidebook: addressing reader expectation : A small-scale corpus study of direct reader address in a Swedish-English translation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77340.
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This study analyses the comparative frequency of “direct reader address” in English and Swedish walking guidebook texts. Through a quantitative and qualitative analysis of specific linguistic features that constitute “direct reader address”, the study aims to highlight the importance of considering reader expectation of a text, i.e. the target culture’s text conventions when translating. The linguistic features in focus are those which help to establish a familiar relationship between reader and writer and thus set up an imaginary dialogue. These are: second-person pronouns, first-person inclusive plural pronouns and verbs in the imperative mood. A translation corpus of walking-guidebook extracts (10 English originals, 11 Swedish originals and their English translations) and my own Swedish-to-English translation of such a text were analysed in order to a) determine to what extent “direct reader address” is used in Swedish and English original walking guidebooks; b) determine to what extent “direct reader address” is retained and used in English translations of Swedish walking guidebooks; and c) discuss the implications of this for translators of such texts. The results of the investigation show that although “direct reader address” does appear in both Swedish and English original guidebooks, it is more prevalent in English ones. Imperative verbs are the most common of all the relevant linguistic features. The results also show that the trend is not only to retain in English translations what “direct reader address” existed in Swedish originals but also sometimes to add “direct reader address” for reasons of syntax and idiomatic usage. The implications are that a target culture’s text conventions are consequential when translating a walking guidebook because they relate to reader expectation, in particular in relation to linguistic features of “direct reader address”. To translate well, and where deadlines allow, it is recommended that a translator’s strategy should try to address reader expectation.
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Frini, Marouane. "Diagnostic des engrenages à base des indicateurs géométriques des signaux électriques triphasés." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES052.
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Bien qu’ils soient largement utilisés dans le domaine, les mesures vibratoires classiques présentent plusieurs limites. A la base, l’analyse vibratoire ne peut identifier qu’environ 60% des défauts qui peuvent survenir dans les machines. Cependant, les principaux inconvénients des mesures de la vibration sont l’accès difficile au système de transmission afin d’y placer le capteur ainsi que le coût conséquent de la mise en œuvre. Ceci résulte en des problèmes de sensibilité relatifs à la position de l’installation et ceux de difficulté pour distinguer la source de vibration à cause de la diversité des excitations mécaniques qui existent dans l’environnement industriel.Par conséquent, l’analyse des signatures du courant électrique des moteurs s’impose comme une alternative prometteuse à l’analyse vibratoire et a donc fait l’objet d’une attention grandissante au cours des dernières années. En effet, l’analyse des signatures électriques a l’avantage d’être une méthode techniquement accessible, non-intrusive au système et peu coûteuse. Les techniques basées sur le courant et la tension ne requièrent que les mesures électriques du moteur qui sont souvent déjà surveillées pour le contrôle et la protection des machines électriques. Ce processus a été principalement utilisé pour la détection des défauts de moteur tels que la rupture de barres du rotor et les défauts d’excentricité ainsi que les défauts de roulements. En revanche, très peu de recherches concernent la détection des défauts en utilisant l’analyse du courant. En outre, les signaux électriques triphasés sont caractérisés par des représentations géométriques particulières liées à leur forme d’onde qui peuvent servir en tant qu’indicateurs différents offrant des informations supplémentaires. Parmi ces indicateurs géométriques, les transformées de Park et de Concordia modélisent les composantes électriques dans un repère bidimensionnel et toute déviation par rapport à la représentation d’origine indique l’apparition d’un dysfonctionnement. Aussi, les équations différentielles de Frenet-Serret représentent la trajectoire du signal dans un espace euclidien tridimensionnel et indiquent ainsi tout changement dans l’état du système. Bien qu’ils aient été utilisés pour les défauts de roulements, ces indicateurs n’ont pas été appliqués dans la détection des défauts d’engrenages en utilisant l’analyse des signatures des courants électriques. D’où l’idée novatrice de combiner ces indicateurs avec des techniques de traitement de signal, ainsi que des techniques de classification pour le diagnostic des engrenages en utilisant l’analyse des signatures de courant et de tension du moteur électrique.Ainsi, dans ce travail, on propose une nouvelle approche pour le diagnostic des défauts d’engrenages en utilisant l’analyse des courants et des tensions électriques du stator de la machine et ceci en se basant sur un ensemble d’indicateurs géométriques (Transformées de Park et de Concordia ainsi que les propriétés du repère Frenet-Serret). Ces indicateurs font partie d’une bibliothèque de signatures de défauts qui a été construite et qui comprend également les indicateurs classiques utilisés pour un large éventail de défauts. Ainsi, un algorithme combine les acquisitions expérimentales des signaux électriques à des méthodes de traitement de signal avancées (décomposition modale empirique,…). Ensuite, celui-ci sélectionne les indicateurs les plus pertinents au sein de la bibliothèque en se basant sur les algorithmes de sélection de paramètres (sélection séquentielle rétrograde et analyse des composantes principales). Enfin, cette sélection est utilisée pour la classification non-supervisée (K-moyennes) pour la distinction entre l’état sain et l’état défaillant<br>Although they are widely used, classical vibration measurements have several limitations. Vibration analysis can only identify about 60% of the defects that may occur in mechanical systems. However, the main drawbacks of vibration measurements are the difficult access to the transmission system in order to place the sensor as well as the consequent cost of implementation. This results in sensitivity problems relative to the position of the installation and the difficulty to distinguish the source of vibration because of the diversity of mechanical excitations that exist in the industrial environment.Hence, the Motor Current Signatures Analysis (M.C.S.A.) represents a promising alternative to the vibration analysis and has therefore been the subject of increasing attention in recent years. Indeed, the analysis of electrical signatures has the advantage of being a technically accessible method as well as inexpensive and non-intrusive to the system. Techniques based on currents and voltages only require the motor’s electrical measurements which are often already supervised for the purposes of the control and the protection of the electrical machines. This process was mainly used for the detection of motors faults such as rotor bars breakage and eccentricity faults as well as bearings defects. On the other hand, very little research has been focused on gear faults detection using the current analysis. In addition, three-phase electrical signals are characterized by specific geometric representations related to their waveforms and they can serve as different indicators providing additional information. Among these geometric indicators, the Park and Concordia transforms model the electrical components in a two-dimensional coordinate system and any deviation from the original representation indicates the apparition of a malfunction. Moreover, the differential equations of Frenet-Serret represent the trajectory of the signal in a three-dimensional euclidean space and thus indicate any changes in the state of the system. Although they have been previously used for bearing defects, these indicators have not been applied in the detection of gear defects using the analysis of electrical current signatures. Hence, the innovative idea of combining these indicators with signal processing techniques, as well as classification techniques for gears diagnosis using the three-phase motor’s electrical current signatures analysis is established.Hence, in this work, a new approach is proposed for gear faults diagnosis using the motor currents analysis, based on a set of geometric indicators (Park and Concordia transforms as well as the properties of the Frenet-Serret frame). These indicators are part of a specifically built fault signatures library and which also includes the classical indicators used for a wide range of faults. Thus, a proposed estimation algorithm combines experimental measurements of electrical signals with advanced signal processing methods (Empirical Mode Decomposition, ...). Next, it selects the most relevant indicators within the library based on feature selection algorithms (Sequential Backward Selection and Principal Component Analysis). Finally, this selection is combined with non-supervised classification (K-means) for the distinction between the healthy state and faulty states. It was finally validated with a an additional experimental configuration in different cases with gear faults, bearing faults and combined faults with various load levels
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Baluch, Matúš. "SILK." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta výtvarných umění, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240603.
Full textAbstract:
My diploma thesis is instalation, which elements are based on principales of ready-made. Documentation of living performance. Site-specific charakter, objects, and documents are common, that are one from of physical, psychical, and social injuries. Trought the installation and added text with its full range of form I am changing the discurse.
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KAN, HUI-HUA, and 甘惠華. "A Study of Differences in Normalization and Explicitation Features Between Translated and Non-translated Tourist Texts." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qh5yjx.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立高雄科技大學<br>應用英語系<br>107<br>The major objective of this study is to explore whether translated tourist texts (TTTs) demonstrate a higher degree of normalization and explicitation than non-translated tourist texts (NTTs) as well as international tourists’ preferences for either TTTs or NTTs. Normalization and explicitation are two universal features of the translation language proposed by Mona Baker (1993, 1995, 1996). To conduct this study, samples of TTTs were collected from tourist brochures available at local tourist information centers issued by official institutions and web texts of Taiwan Tourism Bureau. Samples of NTTs on similar topics were selected from two travel guidebooks—Lonely Planet Taiwan and Michelin Green Guide Taiwan. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods are applied. The quantitative method is adopted to measure the degree of normalization using the analytical criteria of the occurrences of wh-/that-led relative clauses and participle-led segments, and to identify explicitation using the criterion of the occurrences of embedded notes in parentheses. The results of questionnaires are then analyzed qualitatively in order to know what texts appeal to international tourists more.
The findings show that the TTTs demonstrate a slightly higher degree of normalization than NTTs, concurring with Baker’s (1993, 1995, 1996) finding, but their lower degree of explicitation is different from Baker’s (1993, 1995, 1996) research. One possible reason for the lower percentage of embedded notes in TTTs is that their source texts are written for native tourists, so added notes are not necessary. In contrast, English NTTs are initially authored for international audiences, so adequate information is required to make the content reader-friendly and international travelers can understand the texts clearly. The results of the questionnaires reveal that NTTs are slightly favored than TTTs. International tourists remark that texts with the explicitation feature provide adequate information along with conciseness, brevity, and evocative diction, so they are more attractive. Despite a small-scale study with the sample texts of 12,534 words in total, and seventeen international respondents, the findings have taken on the significance that the degrees of normalization and explicitation often vary with different genres of texts. Moreover, tourist texts that show the explicitation features provide sufficient information, so they may enhance international travelers’ interest.
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Li, Sheng-Da, and 李昇達. "Assessing the Translated Texts of Popular Science through Error Analysis." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83190158037990695504.
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碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>翻譯研究所<br>100<br>In second language acquisition, it is believed that making errors is an indispensable part of learning. Errors can help us track learners’ learning condition, or even reveal their strategies in learning. Similar ideas are proposed in translation studies, arguing that specifying errors allows students to recognize their weakness in translation, and helps instructors improve their teaching. However, few empirical studies are conducted in this area, not to mention analysis of errors in specific translation types. Therefore, this study aims to explore the errors made by translation students in dealing with popular science translation. Through analysis of errors, it is hoped that this research can remind the translator of errors in translating popular science texts, and meanwhile reveal the weakness of translation students.
To analyze errors in popular science translation, this study adopts the functionalist skopos theory proposed by Vermeer. By examining the skopos and functions of popular science texts and translation, the study applies the concept of this theory to analysis of translation errors. In order to further approach the translation errors, this research based its analysis on Gile’s sequential model. On the basis of Gile’s three checking criteria in translation process; that is, plausibility, fidelity, and acceptability, 11 error types are proposed in this study.
This research defines different types of errors, and calculates the number of each error type made by the translation students. More importantly, this research exemplifies the errors with real cases made by the students, and offers the suggested translations, allowing the readers to have a further observation and understanding on the errors. The research finds out that, the plausibility errors account for the largest part of total errors made by translation students in translating popular science texts. From the result, the research suggests that translation program should focus more on upgrading students’ source language comprehension ability, and instructing them in expanding their knowledge on relative topics, and in knowledge acquisition when translating texts of unfamiliar areas. Based on Gile’s translation model, this study not only warns the translators about possible errors, but also reminds them that translation is an activity that involves different checking steps before arriving at an appropriate translation. Moreover, error analysis can serve as a foundation for translation assessment. On the basis of skopos, the seriousness of an error can be determined, and a grading scale can be further developed. In the teaching context, errors can be used to examine if translator achieves a certain goal, and feedbacks from students about the causes of errors can assist the instructor to make the training more effective. This research is only a preliminary attempt to analyze translation students’ errors. Hopefully, it can attract more attention of interested investigators.
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Ndlovu, Manqoba Victor. "The accessibility of translated Zulu health texts : an investigation of translation strategies." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3400.
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In disseminating information about health issues, government health departments and NGOs use, inter alia, written health texts. In a country like South Africa, these texts are generally written by medical experts and thereafter translated into the languages of the people. One of these languages is Zulu, which is spoken by the majority of South Africans. A large percentage of Zulu speakers are illiterate or semi-literate, especially in the rural areas. For this reason, Zulu translators have to use ‘simple’ language that these readers would understand when translating English texts into Zulu. Translators are expected to use strategies that can deal with non-lexicalized, problematic or other related terms that appear in health texts, as well as geographical and cultural constraints. This study focuses on the strategies used by Zulu translators in an attempt to make translated Zulu health texts accessible to the target readership. The investigation includes the use of self-administered questionnaires for respondents from two of South Africa’s nine provinces, where Zulu speakers are found (Gauteng and KwaZulu-Natal), to determine whether the health texts do reach the target readership. Focus groups, semi-structured interviews and other complementary techniques were used to collect data from the selected respondents. Furthermore, a parallel concordance called ParaConc was used to extract and analyse data from the corpus as compiled for the present study, in an attempt to investigate the strategies used to make the translated health texts easier to read. The study uncovers various strategies which are used when translating English health texts into Zulu. These strategies include the use of loan words, paraphrasing, cultural terms and so on. In future, the use of ParaConc can be broadened to investigate newly discovered translation strategies, with the aim of making health texts more accessible to the target readers. Furthermore, this software programme can also be used to study translation strategies as used in other types of texts, for example journalistic texts.<br>Linguistics<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics (Translation Studies))
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Liu, Peirung, and 呂佩蓉. "Relevance OF Adaptation Variation To Text Type, Purpose And Biblical Exegesis: A Comparison Of Three Translated Biblical Texts Of ‘Romans’." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29632110616327972328.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>跨文化研究所翻譯學碩士在職專班<br>100<br>Biblical Translation has a long history either in Western or Chinese culture, and it has been done out of the need of spreading and promoting the Biblical truth and Gospel. However, among all the Chinese versions of the Bible, only few have been completed in accordance with the Bible’s original scripture, and three of them, Holy Bible - Lu Chen-Chung Version/ LV, Today’s Chinese Version Revised Edition/ TCV and The New Testament Recovery Version/ RV, are selected as the samples for analysis in this thesis. The textual analysis is aimed to investigate the difference in adaptation among the three translated versions at lexical, syntactic and contextual levels. Some theoretical studies, such as K. Reiss’s (1971) text typology theory, H. Vermeer and Reiss’s (1984) skopos theory and the Biblical exegesis, are used as the theoretical framework to support the arguments for the close relevance of adaptation variation in Biblical translation to some extra-linguistic factors. The result of analysis shows that the TCV takes up the highest degree of adaptation at no matter lexical, syntactic or contextual level, whereas the RV holds the lowest degree of adaptation. The LV comes in-between the two above. A probe into the adaptation phenomenon concludes that the difference of adaptation strategy among the three versions is closely relevant to their dominant text types, translation purposes and Biblical exegesis.
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Cheng, Sheng-Te, and 鄭勝得. "An Investigation into Explicitation in Translated Chinese Scientific Texts: A Case Study of Articles in CommonWealth Magazine." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/645fx6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>翻譯研究所<br>105<br>Since Blum-Kulka proposed the "explicitation hypothesis" in 1986, this phenomenon has attracted considerable interests in translation studies. The explicitation hypothesis referred to a higher level of cohesive explicitness in translated texts. Blum-Kulka (1986) suggested that explicitation was not resulted from differences between the source and target languages; instead, it was inherent in the process of translation. Most of the previous studies on explicitation in English-Chinese translation focused on the use of connectives, such as conjunctions and transitional words; other explicitation patterns were less examined.
Based on the motivation mentioned above, the present study aimed to investigate the explicitation patterns and to further testify Blum-Kulka’s (1986) explicitation hypothesis in English-Chinese translated scientific texts. Based on Chen’s (2007) explicitation classification, this study not only focused on connectives, such as logical connectives and reformulation markers, but also on other devices, such as deictic references, rhetorical expansion, culture glosses, and punctuation.
The present study utilized translated scientific texts in CommonWealth Magazine (天下雜誌) as the main research materials; their source texts were collected from The Economist. They were collected from June 2015 through May 2016, as a collection of 24 articles in total. The analysis was divided into two parts: First, a qualitative method was utilized to identify and to analyze explicitation patterns. Then, their frequencies and percentages were calculated, and a Chi-square test was adopted to find out which explicitation patterns appeared more often than the others did.
The analyses on the collected samples showed that the explicitation patterns in the English-Chinese translated scientific texts included 939 examples and involved 17 types. The results have confirmed that explicitation patterns existed in translated Chinese scientific texts and thus supported Blum-Kulka’s (1986) explicitation hypothesis. In addition to the fourteen patterns proposed by Chen (2007), this study found three explicitation patterns: clarifying deictic references, additive transitions, and weakening of punctuation. Also, the most common explicitation pattern was insertion of pause, followed by changing of punctuation and cohesive devices. These patterns could improve cohesion and increase readability, thus making the target text more explicit. In conclusion, the present study not only offered more empirical evidence in the research of explicitation, but also served as a useful source for translators to explicate scientific texts.
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Li, Wen-yi, and 李汶誼. "A Corpus-based Translation Study on Explicitation of Translated Chinese Scientific Texts: A Case Study on Scientific American." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q22244.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立彰化師範大學<br>翻譯研究所<br>102<br>In the translation process, translators tend to add extra information consciously or unconsciously in order to raise the readability, the cohesion, and the clarity of the translated texts. This phenomenon is considered as “explicitation”. Most of the explicitation translation studies pivot on cohesive devices such as connectives, transitional words, and reformulation markers. In comparison, the studies duscussing other types of explicitation are only a few. The study aims at categorizing and studying the explicitation patterns and further testifying Blum-Kulka’s “explicitation hypothesis” in the English-Chinese translated scientific texts.
The study seeks to investigate the explicitation patterns in the English-Chinese popular science translations and the data for the proposed Parallel Corpus of Scientific American is compiled from the January, April, and July Issues of the Scientific American magazine published in 2011. The study also incorporates four explicitation typologies respectively put forward by Klaudy, Pápai, House, and Chen. Afterwards, through comparing the source texts and the target texts, the corpus-based method is utilized to find out the explicitation patterns in the PCSA.
The research findings demonstrate that the explicitation patterns in the PCSA include a wide variety of types (such as sentence rearrangement, clarifying anaphora, specifying acronyms, inserting conjunctions, using rhetorical devices, providing background information, adding puntuations and so on) and involve several language levels, ranging from the word level, the grammatical level, the logical level, the textual level, and the extra-linguistic level. All these discoveries can serve as supports for explicitation hypothesis in the context of English-Chinese popular science translations.
ABSTRACT
In the translation process, translators tend to add extra information consciously or unconsciously in order to raise the readability, the cohesion, and the clarity of the translated texts. This phenomenon is considered as “explicitation”. Most of the explicitation translation studies pivot on cohesive devices such as connectives, transitional words, and reformulation markers. In comparison, the studies duscussing other types of explicitation are only a few. The study aims at categorizing and studying the explicitation patterns and further testifying Blum-Kulka’s “explicitation hypothesis” in the English-Chinese translated scientific texts.
The study seeks to investigate the explicitation patterns in the English-Chinese popular science translations and the data for the proposed Parallel Corpus of Scientific American is compiled from the January, April, and July Issues of the Scientific American magazine published in 2011. The study also incorporates four explicitation typologies respectively put forward by Klaudy, Pápai, House, and Chen. Afterwards, through comparing the source texts and the target texts, the corpus-based method is utilized to find out the explicitation patterns in the PCSA.
The research findings demonstrate that the explicitation patterns in the PCSA include a wide variety of types (such as sentence rearrangement, clarifying anaphora, specifying acronyms, inserting conjunctions, using rhetorical devices, providing background information, adding puntuations and so on) and involve several language levels, ranging from the word level, the grammatical level, the logical level, the textual level, and the extra-linguistic level. All these discoveries can serve as supports for explicitation hypothesis in the context of English-Chinese popular science translations.