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Amer, Walid M., and Karim Menacere. "The challenges of translating English compounds into Arabic." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 59, no. 2 (December 31, 2013): 224–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.59.2.06ame.
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This paper examines the main challenges of translating English compounds into Arabic. Compounding is linguistically a common process across many languages where compounds are frequently formed. In English compounding is highly creative and innovative, and often used as a means of introducing new phrases or coining new words into the lexicon. In contrast, Arabic is less resourceful. Arabic does not possess similar multiword expressions as an integral linguistic mechanism that merges language items to form a unit of language that can be broken down into single words and display idiosyncratic features. (Sag <i>et al.</i> 2002). As the English text-writer and the Arabic translator use their respective languages from different mental pictures and from disparate thought processes, each operates from a different worldview, so transferring English compounds often leads to loss of meaning. Understanding and interpreting compounds has been a long-standing area of interest in Indo-European language research but remains under-researched in Arabic. This paper contributes to the debate on how to deal with English compounds in Arabic.
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alQinai, Jamal. "Convergence and Divergence in Translating vs Interpreting Competence." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 48, no. 4 (December 31, 2002): 305–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.48.4.02alq.
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While most scholars stress that translation and interpreting essentially fulfil the same function, many-especially interpreters-consider that the two are incompatible professions. In a sense, translators deal with written language and have time to polish their work whereas interpreters deal with oral language and have no time to refine their output. Any supplementary knowledge, for example, terminological or world language, can be acquired during written translation but has to be acquired prior to interpreting. A number of experimental studies were conducted by psycholinguists such as Treisman, Oleron, Goldman-Eisler and Gerver (1976). Their primary interest was the effect on performance of variables such as source language, speed of delivery, ear-voice span, noise, pauses, false starts etc. Later advances during the 1970’s and early 1980’s concentrated on the theoretical aspects and culminated in the so-called théorie du sens. This paper tackles competence in English-Arabic translation and interpreting while highlighting similarities and differences at the textural and performance levels. It sets out by discussing the requirements of quality, audience reception, fluency and quantitative aspects of style such as output ratio and redundancy. A focal point of interest is performance constraints in simultaneous interpretation which include, among other things, personal and logistical factors, lack of a holistic approach, time lag, SL deficiencies, lexico-grammatical asymmetry as well as cultural and rhetorical divergence (including phatic communion). The study concludes with an overview of the compensation strategies employed by interpreters such as intonational clues, queuing, segmentation, approximation, syntactic adjustment, compression and ellipsis.
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Al-Kufaishi, Adil. "A model of conference interpretation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 61, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 552–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.61.4.06alk.
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The objective of this research is to develop a model of consecutive interpretation that can cope with a number of linguistic, pragmatic, stylistic, thematic, discourse and communicative problems a conference interpreter encounters while interpreting from English into Arabic or vice versa. A linguistic corpus of one hundred page English speeches delivered at the United Nation General Assembly sessions and interpreted into Arabic is analysed. The proposed model caters for both the SL and TL communicative contexts and views the conference interpreter as a mediator who decodes the original message and encodes it appropriately. The model is tested against the collected sample of linguistic data. It has proved to be capable of identifying inconsistencies and inaccuracies in five major areas: textual, stylistic, lexical, collocation and structural; the percentage of each is statistically calculated. The stylistic aspects constitute 39.3% of the inconsistencies; these cover the deviant forms that are not acceptable in Arabic: the stylistic variants, the modes of request, and the language forms that need to be reformulated in order to be consistent with the Arabic rhetorical patterns. The inappropriate rendering of lexical items makes up 26.1% of the inconsistencies; this comprises the inappropriately rendered collocation patterns, clichés and idiomatic expressions. The structural aspects constitute 18 % of the incorrectly interpreted language forms; these are the inappropriately rendered passive and modification constructions. The textual aspects constitute 10.9% of the inconsistencies; these are the parallel constructions that are not properly handled in Arabic. Translation inaccuracies, items missed or incorrectly interpreted, constitute 5.1% of the inconsistencies.
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Gadacha, Ali. "On Translatibility from English into Arabic: Words and Beyond." Meta 51, no. 1 (May 29, 2006): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/012992ar.
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Abstract This paper is an attempt to investigate the current problems the students graduating in English at the ISLT1 are likely to encounter when setting out to render English into Arabic. My teaching experience with them was beneficial, albeit quite short (one year-long only, 2000-2001). The material gathered, on the other hand, was wide-ranging and, better still, so provocative that I readily agreed to venture onto dangerous ground.2 Studies in the past have often failed to delve deep into possible meanings and extend beyond traditional boundaries so as to assess the scope of words and explore the meaning potentials. Recent advances in the literature argue that translators should be sensitive to the losses and gains of cultural elements and assess the “weight” of these elements in the source text in order to bring about the same/similar effects. It is true that loss of meaning is inevitable and the transference to the translator’s language can only be approximate (Newmark 1988, 7). The current trend in translation theory is to explore situations to make it possible to transcend linguistic as well as cultural barriers. Translators will continue to reproduce only restricted facets of meaning so long as they do not vanquish ordinary processes of thought and approach the words in the SL text as units of discourse. I make no pretence at being able to offer definitive solutions. This account aims at identifying the potentially problematic areas in translating English into Arabic. The sense of new in this experience embodies a larger vision, apparently a different quality of recognition since the focal interest is laid on the interpretive weight of words as constituent parts of the act of communication.
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EMELJANOVA, NADEZHDA A., JULIA N. PETELINA, and ULIANA A. SAVELJEVA. "TRAINING INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS OF INTERPRETING AND TRANSLATION IN A MULTICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT: ASU BEST PRACTICES." HUMANITARIAN RESEARCHES 76, no. 4 (2020): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/1818-4936-2020-76-4-051-066.
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The challenges of adaptation faced by international students of interpreting and translation at Astrakhan State University (ASU), which are aggravated by high academic standards, have been successfully overcome owing to a number of factors: the favourable geographic location of ASU, a unique combination of languages (English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Persian (Farsi), Azeri, Kazakh, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese), highly-qualified teaching staff, advanced technologies, and uptodate equipment.
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Milad, Kareema G., Yasser F. Hassan, and Ashraf S. El Sayed. "Multi-task Learning in Translating English Language into Arabic Language." International Journal of Emerging Research in Management and Technology 7, no. 5 (June 6, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijermt.v7i5.35.
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Machine learning techniques usually require a large number of training samples to achieve maximum benefit. In this case, limited training samples are not enough to learn models; recently there has been a growing interest in machine learning methods that can exploit knowledge from such other tasks to improve performance. Multi-task learning was proposed to solve this problem. Multi-task learning is a machine learning paradigm for learning a number tasks simultaneously, exploiting commonalities between them. When there are relations between the tasks to learn, it can be advantageous to learn all these tasks simultaneously instead of learning each task independently. In this paper, we propose translate language from source language to target language using Multi-task learning, for our need building a relation extraction system between the words in the texts, we applied related tasks ( part-of-speech , chunking and named entity recognition) and train it's in parallel on annotated data using hidden markov model, Experiments of text translation task show that our proposed work can improve the performance of a translation task with the help of other related tasks.
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Gadalla, Hassan A. H. "Translating English Perfect Tenses into Arabic." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 52, no. 3 (December 31, 2006): 243–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.52.3.03gad.
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Eades, Domenyk. "Translating English modal expressions." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 57, no. 3 (November 10, 2011): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.57.3.03ead.
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Modals are a source of difficulty in translation due to the subtle and complex nature of the meanings they convey, as well as the diversity of formal means by which modal meaning is coded from one language to another. The present study sheds light on difficulties associated with the translation of modal expressions by exploring errors in the translations of a group of native Arabic-speaking translator trainees, and identifies difficulties they experienced in transferring modal meaning from an English source text (ST) to an Arabic target text (TT). Shortcomings in the skills and training of the participants are discussed in the light of these findings, and suggestions are given as to how these may be remedied.<p>The results of the study show that while the students generally exhibit a sound knowledge of the dictionary meanings of the modal expressions in the ST, the precise sense of a given modal was often misconstrued and in many cases the modal meaning was missing entirely from the translations. These problems suggest that the participants tended to process the meanings of the ST at the word and sentence level while neglecting broader macro-level meanings conveyed in the text (e.g. cohesion, text type, relationship between author and audience).<p>The study reveals that in addition to the need for students to develop greater awareness of the nature of modality and its expression in both English and Arabic, greater emphasis is needed in the training of the students on the improvement of topdown text processing skills.<p>
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Shehab, Ekrema. "Pragmatic failure in translating Arabic implicatures into English." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 62, no. 1 (May 19, 2016): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.62.1.02she.
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The aim of this paper is twofold. First, it attempts to demonstrate that Arabic utterances involving euphemisms, tautologies and ironies (henceforth Arabic implicatures) lend themselves readily to a Gricean interpretation and, second, it shows how Arabic implicatures in their immediate, social context of use exhibit pragmatic failures when rendered into English. The study examines and analyzes ten Arabic utterances involving implicatures in their original contexts of situation taken from Mahfouz’s (1947) Ziqāq al-Midaq which was translated by LeGassick (1966) into ‘Midaq Alley’, and Ṭayib Ṣaleḥ’s (1966) Mawsimu al-Hijra ila ashShamāl, which was rendered by Davies (1969) into ‘the Season of Migration to the North’. The study argues that to avoid pragmatic failure when translating Arabic implicatures into English, emphasis should be placed on conveying the pragmatic import of these utterances by the employment of various translation strategies ranging from those capturing the form and/or function to those capturing the communicative sense independently.
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Hussein, Riyad F., and Richard Lingwood. "Strategies used in translating English binomials into Arabic." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 57, no. 2 (July 21, 2011): 168–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.57.2.03hus.
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The present study investigates Jordanian students’ ability to translate English binomials into Arabic and explores the strategies used when translating them into Arabic. It also investigates the usefulness of English–Arabic dictionaries. For this purpose, a 25-item translation test was developed and distributed to two groups; an advanced group including 30 MA students, and an intermediate group comprising 50 undergraduate students studying English at Jordanian universities. The study revealed that the subjects’ general performance on the translation test was unsatisfactory. The percentage of correct answers on all items for all subjects was approximately 44%. This means that more than half of the test items in the translation test were erroneously rendered. The subjects used different strategies to translate English binomials into Arabic. The most frequently used strategy was contextualized guessing, followed by avoidance, literal translation, incomplete translation and least used, semantic approximation. Finally, with regard to the incorporation of English binomials along with their equivalents in Arabic in the English Arabic dictionaries, it was found that they were the highest in Al-Mawrid Dictionary 72%, followed by Atlas Dictionary 60%, and finally Oxford Wordpower 52%. Some binomials were included in one dictionary, others were included in only two dictionaries. Five binominals, or 20% of binomials under investigation, namely for and against, ifs and buts, heart and hand, here and now and nuts and bolts were missing in all of the dictionaries. This indicates the need to compile specialized English–Arabic dictionaries to address multi-word units such as collocations, idioms, and binomials, or at least to upgrade or enrich the currently used ones.
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Al Obaidani, Khalfan S. "Translating Terminology in Business Annual Reports (English-Arabic)." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business, no. 57 (June 11, 2018): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v0i57.106204.
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Business annual reports are financial statements that contain key information about a company’s activities. The reports are distributed to interested parties (e.g. stockholders, creditors, financial analysts and customers) to satisfy their information requirements. In Oman, annual business reports are produced in English and translated into Arabic in order to provide Arab readers with vital information about the companies’ operations and their financial positions. This article analyzes lexical variations, i.e. financial and business terminologies in both English and Arabic versions of the annual reports. A comparison between the English and Arabic profiles of the reports found that the business terms, e.g. ‘currents assets’, ‘asset impairment’ and ‘changes in equity’ showed less variation than others that occurred more dominantly in earlier Arabic translations. This article contributes to the discipline of Translation Studies (TS) by investigating lexical variations of business terms within sociocultural and ideological contexts in Oman. It attempts to answer the following question, ‘with respect to business and financial terms, do the Arabic versions of the annual reports reflect the notion of standardization over the course of time in specific industrial domains?’ Qualitative methods are applied to compare, describe, and analyze the textual profiles of the two versions of the reports. It concludes that the Arabic business and financial terms have become more widely established over the course of time, thus reflecting the notion of standardization. Finally, this article suggests to integrate textual analysis with sociological input to have more insight into translation agents.
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Fareh, Shehdeh, and Maher Bin Moussa. "Practicality and usefulness of English-Arabic dictionaries in translating English metaphors." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 53, no. 1 (October 16, 2007): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.53.1.04far.
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Zitawi, Jehan. "English-Arabic Dubbed Children's Cartoons: Strategies of Translating Idioms." Across Languages and Cultures 4, no. 2 (October 2003): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/acr.4.2003.2.5.
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Visson, Lynn. "Terminology and ideology: Translating Russian political language." Translation and Interpreting Studies 2, no. 2 (January 1, 2007): 75–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.2.2.03vis.
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This article analyzes the rapid developments in Russian political language, or discourse, since the fall of the Soviet Union as they impact Russian>English interpreting. Specifically, the article focuses on the mixing of registers produced by the persistence of Soviet-era language and the introduction of new influences, such as borrowings and criminal and marketing slang.
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El-Farahaty, Hanem. "Translating Lexical Legal Terms Between English and Arabic." International Journal for the Semiotics of Law - Revue internationale de Sémiotique juridique 29, no. 2 (February 26, 2016): 473–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11196-016-9460-2.
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Al-Awabdeh, Abdul Hamed. "Linguistic Features’ Variation in Translating Technical Texts." Journal of Social Sciences (COES&RJ-JSS) 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 1520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25255/jss.2020.9.4.1520.1530.
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This research examines the contribution of language variation in translating technical texts from English into Arabic language. It aims at analyzing language variation, technical texts translation competence, creating subject field knowledge and generating authenticity in technical texts and translation setting. This study attempts to uncover problems that English language and literature students at the University of Jordan / Aqaba branch problems of translating technical texts. This qualitative research included 30 B.A students selected randomly from the Dept. of English Language and Literature at the University of Jordan. The results of the study revealed that literature students encountered many problems when translating technical texts, particularly when using two different varieties of English American / British into Arabic language. This research recommends that translators and professional in the field should be concerned with translating technical texts and include them in translation syllabi.
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Dickins, James. "List restructuring in Arabic–English translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 56, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 341–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.56.4.04dic.
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This paper deals with the translation from Arabic to English of lists, i.e. phrases consisting of at least two, and typically three or more, noun phrases, adjective phrases, etc. which belong to a relatively coherent semantic field. Section 1 considers four standard techniques for translating Arabic semantic repetition into English: maintenance of repetition, merging, grammatical transposition, and semantic distancing. Section 2 defines listing as an extension of semantic repetition, and identifies basic listing structures in English and Arabic. Sections 3–3.5 look at techniques for translating Arabic lists into English on the basis of the first three translation techniques for semantic repetition discussed in Section 2. Section 3.1 looks at list retention (cf. maintenance of repetition), considering where this is and is not acceptable. Section 3.2 looks at list reduction/merging (cf. semantic merging). Sections 3.3–3.5 look at techniques which parallel grammatical transposition as a technique for translation semantic repetition: embedded coordination, as a form of subordination (Section 3.3), standard subordination (Section 3.4), and the combination of embedded coordination with standard subordination (Section 3.5). Section 3.6 considers summary definition, as a translation technique which goes beyond merging. Section 4 considers the significance of listing patterns in Arabic and English in the context of the more general preference in Arabic for coordination and in English for subordination. Section 5 raises the possibility that the preference for coordination in Arabic may correlate with a larger textual preference for ostensive presentation, while the preference for subordination in English may correlate with a larger textual preference for analytical summary. I suggest that, if true, this may give rise to translation issues which are effectively intractable.
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Thawabteh, Mohammad Ahmad. "Censorship in English-Arabic subtitling." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 63, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 556–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.63.4.05tha.
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This article draws on three American movies to illustrate censorship in English-Arabic subtitling. The paper argues that in translating languages of little cultural affinity, censorship serves as a remedy that can narrow the potential cultural gap. However, the paper shows that the films have been exposed to excessive censorship in the Arabic subtitles, although not in the original film. Therefore, the subtitles, usually viewed as a verbal-visual channel, work to restrict the flow of communication, depriving the target audience of much information existing in the Source Language (SL) dialogue. The fact that the shots help us understand what is being said is not fully taken into consideration by the satellite channels. The study finally reveals that two major strategies are employed in the translation, namely the omission of obscene utterances in the SL and the rendition of the SL obscenity into a less offensive equivalent in the Target Language (TL).
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AL-JARF, Reima. "Issues in translating English and Arabic plurals." Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education 13 (December 1, 2020): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2020.13.1.
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This study explores undergraduate students’ difficulties in translating English and Arabic plurals. The results of an English and Arabic plural translation test exhibited cases where Arabic plurals matching those in English were translated correctly. However, the students had difficulty translating the following: (i) Arabic plurals with a singular English equivalent, e.g., مجوهرات /mujawharaat/ jewellery; (ii) Arabic duals with two different singular stems, e.g., الرافدان the Tigris and Euphrates; (iii) multiple Arabic plurals, i.e. plurals of paucity and multiplicity, e.g., دجاج /dajaaj/ chicken, دجاجات /dajaajaat/ a number of hens; (iv) stems with two plurals and different usages, e.g., economics اقتصاديات /iqtiṣadiyyaat/, economies اقتصادات /iqtiṣadaat/; (v) compound plurals, e.g., image processors معالجات الصور /muʕaalijaat aṣṣuwar/; (vi) English nouns ending in -ies that have the same singular and plural form, e.g., series, species; (vii) singular and plural forms of the same base when the base could assume two parts of speech, e.g., rich and riches; wood and woods; (viii) foreign/Latin singular and plural forms, e.g. ,indices, larvae, tempi, oases; and (ix) names of tools and articles of dress consisting of two parts ending in -s, e.g., scissors مقص /miqaṣ/, مقصات /miqaṣaat/, scales ميزان /mīzaan/ and موازين /mawazīn/ and more. Error data analysis showed that the subjects made more errors in translating Arabic plurals into English than in translating English plurals into Arabic, made more interlanguage than interlanguage errors, had more morphological than semantic difficulties on the Arabic-English plural translation test, and had more semantic difficulties on the English-Arabic plural translation test. They tended to translate imitatively rather than discriminately, and literal translation was the most common strategy. When they could not access the meaning of a noun on the test, they provided an equivalent that was phonologically close, or offered a paraphrase, an explanation, or an extraneous equivalent. In translating English and Arabic plurals, transfers were bidirectional, i.e., students transferred a noun’s morphological features from the source to the target language, regardless of whether the source language was Arabic (L1) or English (L2). Recommendations for plural translation instruction are provided.
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Al-Dahwi, Sameer Salih Mahdi. "Investigating and Translating Formality in English Legal Texts into Arabic." Al-Adab Journal 1, no. 136 (March 15, 2021): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v1i136.1157.
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Legal language is an unusual type of language which raises the interest of many people. It is considered to be one of the discourses that prefer traditional styles and values. Moreover, using this language is confined to specific places and circumstances, namely, in a court or legal texts. Additionally, legal language is radically different from ordinary language in vocabulary, morphology, syntax, and semantics, in addition to other distinctive features. In fact, one of the predominant distinctive features of legal language is that it is a formal language. It is hypothesized that formality in English legal language is realized with different ways and at different levels. It is also hypothesized that what is formal in English is not necessarily formal in Arabic. In other words, formal expressions in English and Arabic are realized differently.
The data in this study has been quoted from different authentic legal texts supplemented by the researcher's renderings.
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GIABER, JAMAL MOHAMED, NOUR HAMMO, SAFA HRAIZ, DU’AA QADAN, RAHF ALNAMER, and SHAIKHA ALMAAMARI. "TRANSLATING HEADLINES IN PRINT BUSINESS ADVERTISEMENTS FROM ENGLISH INTO ARABIC IN UAE." Across Languages and Cultures 21, no. 1 (June 2020): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/084.2020.00006.
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Abstract:Business advertisements are multimodal consumer-oriented texts with persuasive functions. Advertisers create specific advertisements for marketing products/services in specific contexts. The headline in an advertisement is the main element as it attracts attention and summarizes the advertising message. Advertising relies on socio-cultural implications through visual and non-visual elements. When products/services are marketed in a new context with a different language, their advertisements are translated into that language. Because languages have different ways of encoding information, the success of a product/ service in a culturally different context depends on how its advertisement is translated. The structural and cultural differences between English and Arabic and the functional nature of headlines in English business advertisements seem to have direct bearing on how advertising headlines are rendered into Arabic. This study investigates the translation of advertising headlines from English into Arabic in the context of marketing products/services in UAE. The aim is to identify the techniques used in translating headlines and their implications for translation quality and to identify views of Arab customers over the acceptability of Arabic versions of advertising headlines. The study findings indicate that seven translation techniques are used and customers consider Arabic advertisements produced via function-oriented translation techniques more acceptable than translations produced via form-based techniques.
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Dawood Al-Qahtan, Filwah i., and Osama Abdulrhman Al Qahtani. "Translating Animal Idioms from English into Arabic: An Application of Nida’s Strategies for Translating Idioms." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 5, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 82–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol5no3.7.
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Many animal-related idioms are found in Arabic and English languages. However, since there are some differences between Arab and western cultures in history, tradition, geographical environment and mode of thinking, animal idioms can create a cultural gap, which hinders mutual understanding between both cultures. The cultural gap is noticed when translating animal idioms from English into Arabic. Therefore, this research investigates problems encountering translators in the translation of animal idioms from English into Arabic. It also presents strategies that can be applied in the rendition of animal idioms from the source language into the target language. The study discusses problems and strategies of translating animal idioms based on Eugene Nida’s strategies for translating idioms (1964). To conduct the study, the researcher developed an empirical survey adopting a mixed approach of qualitative and quantitative methods, to gain a detailed understanding of the translational problems and strategies followed by Saudi translators in the transference of animal idioms from English into Arabic. Findings of the study indicate that most translator respondents opted for the strategy of translating an idiom into a non-idiom even when a corresponding idiom is found in Arabic.
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Faruquzzaman Akan, Md, Md Rezaul Karim, and Abdullah Mohammad Kabir Chowdhury. "An Analysis of Arabic-English Translation: Problems and Prospects." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.1p.58.
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This research paper is designed with a view to looking into various problems of translating Arabic texts into English and fixing them with prospective and suitable solutions. As translation is a very sensitive and subtle task of language studies, it involves some serious issues to deal with. However, it becomes a more complex task when we translate from Arabic to English. So, a translator must have the critical linguistic knowledge in tackling both the surface and underlying relations of language. Translation also entails the transferring and transforming a variety of characteristic elements from one language into the other. As Arabic and English are of different and distant origins, any translation from one script into the other poses a lot of difficulties such as in the areas of vocabulary, grammar, sound, style and usage. The present paper addresses the problems relating to translating the Arabic texts, specially of the language, into English as well as resolving the obstructions in a practical, possible and acceptable way on the bases of types of readership, text, context, culture and so forth. To make this work more accessible to the non-native users of the Arabic language, Arabic IPA transcriptions are furnished wherever necessary.
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Farghal, Mohammed, and Mohammed O. Al-Shorafat. "The Translation of English Passives into Arabic." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 8, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.8.1.06far.
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Abstract The study aims to check the intuitions reported in studies on the translation of English passives into Arabic against empirical data that consist of translations of English passive utterances as they naturally occur in an English text. It inquires into the linguistic strategies and resources that translators from English into Arabic fall back on when encountering passive utterances. It is shown that translators employ many strategies with this order of frequency: nominalization, adjectivalization, passivization, activization and pseudo-activization. It is also shown that the claim that Arabic does not tolerate agentive passives is inadequate, since Arabic translators use a variety offormal markers in translating English agentive passives. Thus, the study demonstrates that English passivization is predominantly structure-based, whereas Arabic passivization is predominantly semantics-based.
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Al-Jabr, Abdul-Fattah. "Effect of Syntactic Complexity on Translating from/into English/Arabic." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 52, no. 3 (December 31, 2006): 203–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.52.3.01alj.
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Chakhachiro, Raymond. "Translating irony in political commentary texts from English into Arabic." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 53, no. 3 (December 31, 2007): 216–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.53.3.03cha.
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Habtoor, Hussein Ali, and Raisah Hamad Al-Swaidan. "Familiarity with Collocations in EFL Context and Strategies Utilized in Translating Them into Arabic." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 10, no. 4 (July 1, 2019): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1004.07.
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This paper aims at examining the familiarity of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners at Najran University with English collocations and the strategies being used when translating them into Arabic. The data of this study are collected from 40 female EFL learners of the English Department at Najran University. The participants’ familiarity with English collocations is measured by means of a two-part test adopted from Gyllstad (2007). A translation test consisting of 48 collocations in both short texts and short sentences has been used to determine the participants’ familiarity with translation strategies when translating English collocations into Arabic. Results show that Najran University EFL learners’ knowledge of collocations is unsatisfactory and below what is expected from them as English language major students. The results of the Pearson correlation test indicate a positive relationship between the learners’ familiarity with English collocations and their ability to translate them into Arabic using different translation strategies.
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Shunnaq, Abdullah, and Fayez Abul-Kas. "Jordanian Folkloric Songs from Arabic into English." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 44, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 150–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.44.2.06shu.
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Abstract Poetry in general and lyric poetry in particular are perhaps the most difficult types of texts to be rendered from one language into another without much change in meaning and structure. That is why folkloric songs could be considered as toilsome to be rendered, because they are often culture-bound. Moreover, they have a highly complicated sign structure which plays an important role in transmitting culture. It may be helpful and useful to investigate a number of difficulties in translating these rhymed texts which reflect certain aspects of culture (social, political and ecological, among others). Despite the dearth of references, the authors have succeeded in obtaining the necessary data of translating these folkloric songs. They aim to reach modest findings which could be beneficial to students of translation. In this paper, it may be useful to introduce some ideas about the nature of translation and translatability as well as literary translation with special reference to the semantic vs. communicative translation. It also aims to shed light on the translatability of some Jordanian folkloric songs. This study partly provides examples of the authors' translations from Arabic into English, which are only attempts of translating these literary texts. The translations are meant only for the aim of comparison or to support data. Some conclusions and recommendations about the translatability of folkloric songs are reached. Résumé La poésie en général et la poésie lyrique en particulier sont probablement les types de textes les plus difficiles à reproduire d'une langue dans une autre sans introduction de changement de signification ou de structure. C'est la rasion pour laquelle les chants folkloriques, généralement liés à la culture sont difficiles à traduire. De plus, la structure des signes est éminemment compliquée et joue un rôle important au niveau de la transmission de la teneur culturelle. Il peut donc être intéressant et utile d'analyser un certain nombre de difficultés qui surgissent lors de la traduction de ces textes rythmés qui reflètent certains aspects culturels (sociaux, politiques et écologiques, entres autres). En dépit du manque de références, les auteurs sont parvenus à obtenir les informations nécessaires à la traduction de ces chants folkloriques. Leur but est d'obtenir certains indications susceptibles d'être précieuses pour les étudiants en traduction. Dans le présent article, les auteurs ont estimé qu'il pouvait être utile d'introduire certains notions concernant la nature de la traduction et de la traductibilité mais aussi de la traduction littéraire, en particulier dans le domaine de l'opposition traduction sémantique — traduction communicative. Les auteurs souhaitent aussi aborder la traductibilité de certains chants folkloriques jordaniens, et ce à l'aide d'exemples de traductions arabe-anglais réalisées par les auteurs mais qui ne sont d'après ces derniers que des essais de traduction de ces textes littéraires. Ces traductions visent uniquement à comparer les informations ou à fournir des indications utiles. Ce faisant ils sont parvenus à formuler un certain nombre de conclusions et de recommendations concernant la traductibilité des chants folkloriques.
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Baawaidhan, Awadh G. "Applying Foreignization and Domestication in Translating Arabic Dialectical Expressions into English." International Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 4 (August 25, 2016): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v8i4.9665.
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<p>Translating across language and cultural barriers is one of the most complicated tasks translator might face. This is due to the fact that text produced in one language and culture contains information about persons, institutions, habits, customers and traditions which accessible to speakers of the source language text but not understood by the speakers of another language. This article shows procedures and strategies used to overcome such problem and difficulties in translating Arabic dialect expressions into English. A central issue of this discussion is to highlight Venuti;s translation strategies foreignization and domestication that have been used in translating dialecticll expressions and culture-specific elements into English, with special reference to Janet Watson”s translation of Sana’ani Arabic dialect. Relying on the distinction of the two key cultural strategies of Domestication and Foreignization, this study reveals the way in which Arabic culture-specific elements have been portrayed in foreign context. The paper considers the validity of those cultural translation strategies and discusses their applications in different occasions. According to the obtained results, both foreignization and domestication strategies have been used to overcome the language and cultural barriers in translation of Sana'ani Arabic into English. But foreignization has been used more as the most pervasive cultural strategy. </p>
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Kelly, Karen L. "Interpreting the “Sounds of Silence” in Dual Language Preschools in Qatar: Teacher's Use of Story Retelling and Language Sampling." Perspectives on Communication Disorders and Sciences in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CLD) Populations 17, no. 1 (March 2010): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/cds17.1.11.
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Abstract Analysis of English and Arabic story retelling in eight dual-language preschool classrooms in Qatar indicated that this method might provide useful data for monitoring children at risk for language delay. Language samples, elicited by teachers during five repeated story-retelling sessions, were obtained from a larger study of the vocabulary data of 157 children. Measures of language productivity included analysis of Total Utterances (TU) and number of Different Word Roots (DWR). Results revealed that 13% of the children who gave no response (NR) in English during the initial session were still non-productive 4 months later, at mid-year. Twenty-one percent of the children demonstrated English DWR more than 1 standard deviation below class means at mid-year and 17% remained below the mean at the end of the year. Review of concurrent Arabic language sampling at mid-year revealed that 7% of the children were non-productive in both languages and 13% achieved Arabic DWR levels that were more than 1 standard deviation below their class mean, with minimal change noted at the end of the year (12%), in spite of daily Arabic and English instruction. Recommendations are offered for SLP-supervised language sampling that facilitates dual language instruction in early childhood classrooms.
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Bani Abdo, Ibrahem, and Banan Manzallawi. "Translating the Islamic Religious Expressions in Taha Hussein’s Novel ‘Al Ayaam’ by E. H. Paxton." English Language Teaching 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n1p190.
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Translating religious expressions from Arabic into English seems problematic where the cultural backgrounds must be known for the translator to choose the appropriate equivalence and to help bridging the cultural gap between two cultures. As a result, this paper investigates to what extent have Venuti’s strategies (domestication and foreignization) been successfully implemented in rendering the religious expressions in Taha Hussein’s The Days (الأيام alʾayām) by E. H. Paxton in the translating process. It also asserts the challenges involved in translating the Islamic religious expressions in this novel. Consequently, this paper has randomly chosen, discussed, and compared 10 Islamic expressions of Hussein’s novel with their English equivalents. In addition, two Arabic raters were consulted. Venuti’s (2004) domestication and foreignization method was used to analyse these examples. The study concludes that the translator uses the two methods in rendering the religious expressions. The foreignization strategy was used more than domestication. Six examples have been foreignized; whereas, four of them were domesticated. The study also reveals that the use of both strategies supplements and supports the translation accuracy. Finally, the different cultural backgrounds, religions, expressions, costumes, traditions have to be the ultimate concerns of the translators in translating the Arabic religious expressions into English language.
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Hijazo-Gascón, Alberto. "Translating accurately or sounding natural?" Pragmatics and Society 10, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 72–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.00016.hij.
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Abstract Police interview interpreting is a complex task, as interpreters make difficult choices under pressure and time constraints. The main dilemma of the interpreter is whether to remain faithful to the original text, with the risk of rendering non-idiomatic translations, or to give preference to more idiomatic versions that may entail an addition or an omission from the original text. This article presents an analysis of Spanish-English bilingual police interviews in California. The analysis is based on the discrepancies found between an interpreter present in the interrogation and a control interpreter who translates the whole interview post-hoc. This is an original methodology that can be used for future research in this and other contexts. The results show different types of inaccuracies in the interpretation, which can be attributed to contextual pressures and overall challenges of interpreting and to challenges related to typological differences between the two languages involved.
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VanderPol, Diane, and El Shaimaa Sakr. "Translating reference expertise." Reference Services Review 45, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rsr-05-2017-0015.
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Purpose Librarians have expertise in helping patrons to define their information needs, develop search strategies and navigate the information environment. At Zayed University in the United Arab Emirates, the authors saw a need for the university’s staff to translate that expertise to help patrons to find materials in their native language, even when they cannot speak that language. Design/methodology/approach The authors, one Arabic speaker and one non-Arabic speaker, developed a workshop for their peers outlining strategies for translating our expertise as library professionals. In this paper, the authors share both the strategies for translating expertise that they recommended in the workshop, and information on their process in developing those recommendations. Findings The balance of expertise between the library staff and the patron is somewhat shifted when the search is being conducted in a foreign language. The librarian provides expertise with issues of access. The patron is the expert in her language, the transaction will not be successful without the patron’s contribution and full engagement. Demonstrating a willingness and capability to contribute to the process of searching in the patron’s native language is what is most important. Originality/value While there is evidence that libraries are providing foreign language collections and that librarians are considering how to deliver services to English as a Second Language (ESL) patrons, the literature suggests that the profession is not generally focusing on how English-speaking librarians can use their expertise to help patrons to access materials in their native languages.
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Abalkhail, Jouharah M. "Challenges of translating qualitative management data." Gender in Management: An International Journal 33, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 66–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-03-2016-0029.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the challenges of translating qualitative data from Arabic to English within the field of gender and management studies. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a real experience of translating qualitative data from Arabic to English within the management area in Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from interviewing female managers working in the Saudi public sector. Findings Translating qualitative data from Arabic to English is not a straightforward process. During the translation of this cross-cultural qualitative research, three challenges were faced: the embeddedness of the language meaning in the culture, positionality and its influence on data production and language differences. The study found that, in absence of a standard way for translating cross-linguistic qualitative research, a combination of methods is found to be useful to increase the validity and reliability of the study findings. Researchers who conduct qualitative insider research and who translate their own data are in a better position to do cross-language data analysis. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by showing that translating Arabic texts regarding gender, management and leadership is embedded within historical, cultural, political and institutional contexts, requiring a deep understanding of both language and culture to produce a depth of knowledge. Also, the novelty of this study is that it highlights the importance of being an insider qualitative researcher and translating the research data, as researcher offers significant opportunities for close attention to certain points in the text; and this could add value to the analysis as a way to establish validity of interpretations.
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Al-Ali, Mohammed Nahar, and Fahad M. Alliheibi. "Struggling to retain the functions of passive when translating English thesis abstracts." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.25.2.01ala.
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The thesis abstract, as a genre has a set of communicative functions mutually-understood by established members of the academic community. A vast majority of translation studies of source language (SL) and target language (TL) equivalence seems to have overlooked the inherent relationship between form and function when translating. The purpose of this study was to find out whether the Arab students would translate the English passive structures into their corresponding Arabic passive in order to maintain the pragma-generic functions associated with these constructions or would employ other translation replacements when translating English passives into Arabic. A further purpose was to find out what grammatical factors constrain the choice of these translation options. To fulfill these purposes, we investigated the voice choice in 90 MA thesis abstracts and their 90 Arabic translated versions written in English by the same MA students, drawn from the field of Linguistics. The data analysis revealed that when the Arab student-translators come across the English passive sentence, they resort to either of the following options: Transposing English passives into verbal nouns (masdar), or into pseudo-active verbs or active sentence structures, or into vowel melody passives, or omitting these passive structures.
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Al Karazoun, Ghada Abdelmajid. "A Linguistic Analysis on Errors Committed by Jordanian EFL Undergraduate Students: A Case of News Headlines in Jordanian Newspapers." English Language Teaching 9, no. 8 (July 3, 2016): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n8p170.
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<p>This study investigated some linguistic errors committed by Jordanian EFL undergraduate students when translating news headlines in Jordanian newspapers from Arabic to English and vice versa. The data of the study was collected through a test composed of (30) English news headlines and (30) Arabic ones covering various areas of news occurring in a large corpus of Jordanian newspapers, i.e., two leading and prominent newspapers were selected. The test was administrated to a randomly selected sample consisting of (40 female, 20 male) third and fourth year undergraduate students in the Department of English Language and Literature in the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Arts at UNRWA University in Amman, Jordan. Results from the first analysis of the translated Arabic news headlines indicated that the EFL students had grammatical and lexical errors respectively. The second analysis of the translated Arabic news headlines showed that the EFL students had inadequate knowledge of the English headlines rules. The analysis of the translated English headlines revealed that the EFL students’ main difficulties were grammatical followed by discoursal and lexical types. In light of these results, the researcher proposes a number of pedagogical recommendations related to translating news headlines and future research<em>.</em></p>
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El-Yasin, Mohammad K. "The Translatability of Arabic Jokes into English." Meta 42, no. 4 (September 30, 2002): 670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/002706ar.
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Abstract This paper deals with the translatability of linguistic jokes from Arabic into English. These jokes are primarily based on incongruities in the language. The paper discusses a sample of jokes utilizing puns, homonyms, idioms, rhymes and collocations. There is sufficient evidence that translating Arabic jokes into English is not possible. Such a translation poses cultural and, more seriously, linguistic problems for the translator owing to the two incompatible meanings of a linguistic form in a given joke which are accidental facts about Arabic and do not have equivalents in the target language. Consequently, it is concluded that linguistic jokes in Arabic cannot be easily and straightforwardly rendered in English.
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Mohammed, Wafaa Dahham. "Categorizing Declarative Speech Acts in English – Arabic Political Translation: A Pragmatic Study." Journal of University of Human Development 5, no. 3 (July 8, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v5n3y2019.pp49-56.
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Declarative speech acts are those acts that affect immediate changes in the world via their utterance. The specification of declarative speech acts raises problematic area as not all declarative utterances serve out performatively. The specificity of pragmatic conditions of declarative acts lead to another problem in that setting out the same function and affecting the same immediate change would not similarly be lexicalized in the two different natural languages. Therefore, declarative speech acts will pose difficulties for translators if they are unaware of categorizing their pragmatic conditions appropriately and integrating their process interpreting with affecting immediate perlocutionary purposively. Accordingly, it aims at: 1) setting some felicity conditions for determining sensibly whether the specified declarative expressions serve out performatively as genuine declarative acts or not. 2-Examining whether English declarative acts are perceived performatively in Arabic. 3- Exercising to what extents do the translators transfer declarative intentioned effects. and 4- Proposing certain pragmatic parameters for interpreting situational bounded expressions and providing some remedies for mistranslated verbs. The objective of the study is fairly confined to a number of declarative acts selected from dialogues, comments, statements and debates of English TV (e.g. Al-Jazeera TV, BBC, among many others). The main result shows that declarative acts are performatively influenced by contextual nature. The result also shows that many declarative expressions can alternatively name different illocutionary act. From functional perspective, the perception of English declarative acts is different from the Arabic one. Thus, the most accurate rendering of declarations is based on the correspondence between perception and immediate perloctionary affects.
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Farghal, Mohammed. "Present perfect or simple past?" Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 64, no. 5-6 (December 31, 2018): 710–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00063.far.
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Abstract The present study aims to examine the claim that the preverbal particle qad in the perfective is an aspectual marker of near past in Arabic, hence it corresponds to the present perfect in English. The authentic translational corpus drawn from two works (journalistic/scientific and literary discourse) clearly indicates that the preverbal qad is employed as a cohesive marker whose main function is to smooth and naturalize Arabic discourse. The study demonstrates that the translator’s choice between an Arabic simple past with or without qad is governed by the requirements of the flow of discourse rather than by aspectual marking. Failure to account for this discursive function of qad when translating from English into Arabic would in Arabic translations produce cohesion gaps which in English are usually taken care of by punctuation.
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Sayer, Inaad Mutlib. "Adverbial Infinitive in English and its Counterpart in Arabic with Reference to Translation." Journal of University of Human Development 3, no. 3 (August 31, 2017): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v3n3y2017.pp562-569.
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This paper tackles adverbial infinitive in English and its counterpart in Arabic with reference to translation. The aim of the paper is to highlight the points of similarity and diffirence between English and Arabic as far as adverbial infinitive is concerned. The paper also aims at giving suggestions for translating English adverbial infinitive into Arabic and vice versa. The procedure followed in the present paper is to directly compare between the uses of the English infinitive as adverbial and their Arabic equivalent uses to find out in what aspects they are similar and in what aspects they are different. Syntactically, the results show that infinitive in both English and Arabic can be used as adjunct; however, only in English the infinitive can be disjunct or conjunct. Semantically, the infinitive in both languages can express purpose, result, time, reason, condition, exception, and preference. However, there are differences in the details of the uses of the infinitive in each language. Yet, only English has infinitive as comparison, and only Arabic has infinitive as similarity. The study has provided suggestions for translating English adverbial infinitive into Arabic and for translating the Arabic counterpart of English adverbial infinitive into English.
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Machmudah, Umi, Khuzaimah Khuzaimah, and Mufidatus Sholihah. "The Characteristics Of Arabic Language Textbooks Of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah." Jurnal Al Bayan: Jurnal Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Arab 11, no. 1 (July 3, 2019): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24042/albayan.v11i1.4091.
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This research aims to describe the various main angles that become potential which include: 1) Principles for preparing teaching materials, 2) Organization of teaching materials, 3) Language skills 4) Learning objectives and 5) Types of evaluations, which are applied in Arabic textbooks of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah in Malang. This research can be categorized as descriptive research. The content analysis research strategy is seen as the right strategy to draw the valid conclusions from a book or document. The results of the research are: 1) The principles of teaching materials applied in the preparation of the books: valid, meaningful, tendency and concern, worthy to be studied and having global principles. 2) The organization of teaching materials applied in the preparation of the books is a logical and psychological organization. 3) The language skills and aspects applied in the preparation of the books are mufrodat, istima ', kalam, qiro'ah, and kitabah. 4) The learning objectives formulated in the books are students' abilities in identifying hijaiyah letter sounds on the material presented, discovering the meaning of oral or written discourse, and being able to have dialogue in Arabic language, and 5) The types of evaluations that are applied in the books are: a) making questions based on the available answers, b) answering questions by choosing the correct answer, c) interpreting mufrodat, d) writing sentences and their meanings, e) composing words to be a perfect sentence, f) translating Indonesian sentences into Arabic, g) translating from Arabic into Indonesian, h) completing empty sentences to be perfect sentences, i) writing Arabic numbers, j) connecting mufrodat which has opposite meaning, and k) give harokat to a word.
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Saeed, Aziz Thabit, and Shehdeh Fareh. "Difficulties Encountered by Bilingual Arab Learners in Translating Arabic ‘fa’ into English." International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2006): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13670050608668628.
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al-Qinai, Jamal B. S. "Translating phatic expressions." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.21.1.02qin.
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Any conversational exchange can be informational or phatic. Occasional exchanges are of no lesser importance than the informative content of dialogue. One needs to establish the channel of communication by setting up a social environment conducive to the exchange of ideas among the participants. Such a strategy of showing politeness is intended to avoid face-threatening acts through the use of compliments and non-verbal gestures. Mistranslating the function of a given phatic communion expression might lead to problems ranging from the disruption of mundane daily small talk such as the break up of a courtship dialogue to grave consequences as the failure of crucial peace talks among belligerent nations. The paper explores the effect of misinterpreting culturally divergent phatic communion formulae in an English-Arabic context. Other sociolinguistic parameters such as topic, setting, age, sex and social status will be considered.
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Alhinnawi, Arwa N. T., and Basem Shu Al-Zughoul. "Implicit Demonstrative Reference With Reference to English Arabic Translation: The Case of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Novel." English Language Teaching 12, no. 7 (June 3, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n7p46.
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The present study aims at exploring the way in which English implicit demonstrative reference is rendered into Arabic through analyzing a number of sentences in the novel “Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban,” written by J. K. Rowling (2010), and its Arabic translated version by Ahmad Hassan Mohammed (2010). The scrutiny of the English implicit demonstrative reference shows that it can be translated into Arabic, whether implicitly or explicitly. This procedure is determined by the entailment of the demonstrative reference, whether it is clear and comprehensible, or unclear and incomprehensible. Also, the study has revealed that literal translation and formal equivalence present themselves as valid options in translating the English implicit demonstrative reference into Arabic. Recommendations of the study are stated at the end of the present research paper.
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Al-Kufaishi, Adil. "Obligatory translation shift as a sub-component of a model of quality assurance specifications and performance translator assessment." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 57, no. 2 (July 21, 2011): 144–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.57.2.02kuf.
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The paper deals primarily with obligatory translation shifts involving translating English texts from and into Arabic and specifies the sub-components of a proposed model of quality assurance specifications and performance translator assessment. Obligatory shifts involve substituting English non-finite embedded forms with finite ones, lexicalizing certain grammatical elements, making agreement in gender between Arabic adjectives and nouns and Arabic nouns and verbs, substituting emphatic ‘do’ with the appropriate rhetorical device, supplying an antecedent to the translated Arabic relative constructions, transposing English initial noun clauses and sentence modifiers to post-verbal positions, placing the definite noun rather than its referent in initial positions, rendering certain English adjectives into verbs, nouns or adjectival clauses, replacing existential ‘there’ and the English grammatical subject ‘it’ with the appropriate corresponding forms, substituting the English comma with the Arabic conjunctive ‘wa’-and or ‘aw’-or as a linking device, deleting the corresponding form of copula be in Arabic interrogatives and replacing certain English noun modifiers with the appropriate similitude construction. The proposed model of quality assurance specifications and performance translator assessment examines the communicative, situational, semantic, structural, stylistic, pragmatic, textual, aesthetic, rhetorical, lexical and informational aspects of the translated text which are essential for assessing the quality of the text and the performance of the translator.
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Abu-Ssaydeh, Abdul-Fattah. "Translation of English idioms into Arabic." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 50, no. 2 (December 31, 2004): 114–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.50.2.03abu.
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Abstract This paper consists of three parts; the first part examines the definition of “idiom” as a technical term, primarily from a translational perspective, and the strategies usually employed by Arab translators when translating English idioms. The second part analyses the Arabic translations given in a sample of two hundred and fifty-three English idioms in terms of strategies and the significance of their frequency. This analysis reveals four important things: 1. Statistically, the most common strategy applied is paraphrasing, followed closely by literal translations and semantic equivalence, with omission, compensation and other strategies being of significantly less importance; 2. Literal translation has allowed certain English idioms to become part of Arabic lexis; 3. A disproportionately large number of the translations are literal and, therefore, sound “foreign” or are deemed void of sense to the Arab reader, 4. Literal (and therefore erroneous) translations in the target language arise primarily from the failure of the translator to decipher the meaning of the idiom in question. The last part revisits literal translation in order to understand its nature, reasons for its prevalence, its effect on the translated text and its impact on the Arabic language. Résumé Cet article comprend trois parties. La première partie examine la définition de «l’idiome » comme terme technique, essentiellement du point de vue de la traduction, et les stratégies généralement utilisées par les traducteurs arabes quand ils traduisent des idiomes anglais. La seconde partie analyse les traductions arabes données dans un échantillon de deux cent cinquante-trois idiomes anglais, en fonction des stratégies et de la signification de leur fréquence. Cette analyse révèle quatre éléments importants: 1. Statistiquement, la stratégie la plus couramment utilisée est la paraphrase, suivie de près par les traductions littérales et l’équivalence sémantique, l’omission, la compensation et autres stratégies étant d’une importance moins significative. 2. La traduction littérale a permis à certains idiomes anglais d’entrer dans le lexique arabe. 3. Un nombre disproportionné de traductions sont littérales et, par conséquent, elles ont une consonance «étrangère» ou elles sont jugées vides de sens par le lecteur arabe. 4. Les traductions littérales (et donc erronées) dans la langue cible viennent principalement de l’incapacité du traducteur à déchiffrer la signification de l’idiome en question.La dernière partie réexamine la traduction littérale afin de comprendre sa nature, les raisons de sa fréquence, son effet sur le texte traduit et son impact sur la langue arabe.
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Al-Shawi, Muna Ahmad, and Tengku Sepora Tengku Mahadi. "Challenging Issues in Translating Conversational Implicature from English into Arabic." International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 5, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.5n.2p.65.
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Conversational implicature is known as an additional meaning indirectly implicated by saying another thing. In this sense, the aim of this paper is to discuss the problems of translating conversational implicature from English into Arabic. the data is selected from two English literary works; Lord of the Flies and Nineteen Eighty-Four along with their Arabic translation. Two theoretical frameworks are implemented for the descriptive analysis of the selected texts, Skopos approach and Grice’s Implicature. These two theories, along with their rules, provide appropriate standards to measure the accuracy of such translations from English language into Arabic. The analyses reveal that the translators encountered problems and obstacles during the translation into Arabic for several reasons, including linguistic, social and cultural. therefore, the translators followed different approaches and techniques to achieve consistent coherent Arabic text, equivalent to that of the original. In conclusion, the study illustrates that both theories are successful and applicable at varying levels, in translating conversational implicature from English into Arabic. Nevertheless, Grice’s approach is more successful in translating the conversational imlicatures within the framework of this study. Accordingly, this study answers all the designed questions.
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Habtoor, Hussein Ali, and Abrar Abdullah Al-Qahtani. "English Cultural Expressions Translation: Strategies Used in Rendering Narnia Chronicles into Arabic." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2018): 1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0808.14.
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This study explores the intercultural transfer that takes place during the process of translating children's literature from English into Arabic. It's main purpose is to investigate how culture-specific items or expressions are dealt with when they are rendered into Arabic and find out the most preferable translation strategies that can be applied in an attempt to make the translated versions acceptable and accessible to the target audience. This study draws its data from three English novels that belong to the famous series of Narnia Chronicles which are translated into Arabic. It also states the effects of following domestication or foreignization translation strategies. It is found that there is no consistency in the used translation strategies despite the fact that the three books are translated by the same translator. The study also shows that a compromise which includes the use of domestication and foreignization translation strategies seems to be the ideal solution.
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Elamin, Saadia. "Foreign language courses for translation undergraduates." FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.14.2.04ela.
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Abstract In most parts of the world the principle of translating into one’s native language is rarely observed. Translators find themselves working equally into a foreign language (L2), especially English. This shift in translation directionality needs to find its way to the translation classroom, but even before that, to the L2 courses that precede practical translation training. These courses, so far directed towards improving students’ ability to understand foreign language texts, have to take a new turn towards developing the increasingly required production competence. As the present study has shown, certain rules of English grammar constitute the stumbling block for Arabic undergraduates and generate a number of regularly occurring errors in their English texts. Grammar and other language courses, instead of following the content of standard textbooks, should be designed and delivered to serve the real needs of students and help them to develop the increasingly required L2 production competence.
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Al-Salman, Saleh, and Raja’i Al-Khanji. "The Native Language Factor in Simultaneous Interpretation in an Arabic/English Context." Meta 47, no. 4 (August 30, 2004): 607–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008040ar.
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Abstract The present research sought evidence to either support or refute the claim that simultaneous interpreters are more efficient when decoding/interpreting oral discourse from a foreign language into their mother tongue. The data for the study were collected by means of (1) a questionnaire which elicited the responses of a number of professional interpreters who participated in national, regional, and international conferences, and (2) an analysis of the actual performance of some professional interpreters in actual interpretation tasks conducted in both languages. Their performance was analyzed according to some major criteria of linguistic adequacy, strategic competence, and communication strategies. A theoretical framework based on the variability model (Labov 1969) was employed to validate the data.