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Journal articles on the topic 'Translating into Dutch'
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De Regt, Lénart J. "Translating Biblical Poetry as Poetry." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 27, no. 3(53) (September 21, 2021): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.27.2021.53.06.
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After an introduction into translating biblical poetry as a new communication event in the target culture (and not as a documentation of a source culture event), an analysis is made of a Dutch poetic translation of Psalms 23 and 121 and a Frisian poetic translation of Psalm 23. Of the poetic features and means of expression in these translations, Dutch and Frisian patterns ofmeter are the most important. When a poetic translation of biblical poetry follows genre conventions of the target language and culture (rather than attempting but failing to reproduce the poetic features of the source text), such a translation is able to generate a new, direct communication event that reduces the distance between the hearer/receiver of the target culture and the text of the source culture. Such a translation engages the hearer more effectively in responding to the text, because the poetic features of the target language facilitate the expressive, appellative and phatic functions of the communication. This should be an encouragement to translators to render different types of biblical poetry into different genres and poetic patterns of the target language that will actually fit the subject matter of the text into the context of the target culture.
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Degani, Tamar, Anat Prior, Chelsea M. Eddington, Ana B. Arêas da Luz Fontes, and Natasha Tokowicz. "Determinants of translation ambiguity." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 6, no. 3 (January 25, 2016): 290–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.14013.deg.
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Abstract Ambiguity in translation is highly prevalent, and has consequences for second-language learning and for bilingual lexical processing. To better understand this phenomenon, the current study compared the determinants of translation ambiguity across four sets of translation norms from English to Spanish, Dutch, German and Hebrew. The number of translations an English word received was correlated across these different languages, and was also correlated with the number of senses the word has in English, demonstrating that translation ambiguity is partially determined by within-language semantic ambiguity. For semantically-ambiguous English words, the probability of the different translations in Spanish and Hebrew was predicted by the meaning-dominance structure in English, beyond the influence of other lexical and semantic factors, for bilinguals translating from their L1, and translating from their L2. These findings are consistent with models postulating direct access to meaning from L2 words for moderately-proficient bilinguals.
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Lobejón Santos, Sergio, and Francis Jones. "Creativity in collaborative poetry translating." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 32, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 282–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.20087.lob.
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Abstract This study examines how creative solutions to translation problems are negotiated and selected in ‘poettrios’ (teams consisting of a source poet, a target-language poet and a bilingual language mediator working from pre-prepared, literal translation drafts of poems), and compares creativity in this mode to that in solo poetry translating (Jones 2011). The interactions and outputs taken from real-time recordings, work-in-progress drafts and participant interviews from several poettrios translating original poems from English into Dutch and from Dutch into English in two workshops were coded and analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results show that creativity in poetry translating is an eminently cognitive activity in which creative solutions typically emerge through the incremental contributions of the complementary expertises of the individual poettrio members, with occasional radical leaps. In this incremental scaffolding process, and similarly to solo translating, poettrios first consider non-creative options, then creative adjustments and, finally, creative transformations. Radical solutions are generally only accepted when a departure from the source-text surface meaning is deemed necessary to achieve the double aim of retaining the source poem’s message while producing an acceptable poem in the target culture (Holmes 1988).
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Tofighian, Omid. "Translation in Digital Times: Omid Tofighian on Translating the Manus Prison Narratives." Humanities 12, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h12010008.
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On 12 February 2020, while on an international tour promoting Behrouz Boochani’s No Friend but the Mountains: Writing from Manus Prison, the translator of the book, Omid Tofighian, participated in a seminar at Utrecht University, organised by Australian academic, Anna Poletti (associate professor of English language and culture, Utrecht University). Poletti is also co-editor of the journal Biography: an interdisciplinary quarterly, which published a special issue on No Friend but the Mountains in 2020 (Vol. 43, No. 4). The seminar involved Poletti, Tofighian and translation scholar, Onno Kosters (assistant professor of English literature and translation studies, Utrecht University) in conversation. Iranian–Dutch filmmaker, Arash Kamali Sarvestani, co-director with Boochani of the film Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time (2017), was in attendance, as well as the Dutch publisher, Jurgen Maas (Uitgeverij Jurgen Maas, Dutch translation based on the English translation). The event was titled ‘No Friend but the Mountains: Translation in Digital Times’. The following dialogue, ‘Translation in Digital Times: Omid Tofighian on Translating the Manus Prison Narratives’, is derived from this seminar and focuses on Tofighian’s translation of the book from Persian/Farsi into English. The topics covered include the Dutch translation from Tofighian’s English translation, genre and anti-genre, horrific surrealism, Kurdish elements and influences, the Kurdish translation (from Tofighian’s English translation), translation as activism, process and technology.
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VANDEGHINSTE, VINCENT, INEKE SCHUURMAN LEEN SEVENS, and FRANK VAN EYNDE. "Translating text into pictographs." Natural Language Engineering 23, no. 2 (November 11, 2015): 217–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135132491500039x.
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AbstractWe describe and evaluate a text-to-pictograph translation system that is used in an online platform for Augmentative and Alternative Communication, which is intended for people who are not able to read and write, but who still want to communicate with the outside world. The system is set up to translate from Dutch into Sclera and Beta, two publicly available pictograph sets consisting of several thousands of pictographs each. We have linked large amounts of these pictographs to synsets or combinations of synsets of Cornetto, a lexical-semantic database for Dutch similar to WordNet. In the translation system, the Dutch input text undergoes shallow linguistic analysis and the synsets of the content words are looked up. The system looks for the nearest pictographs in the lexical-semantic database and displays the message into pictographs. We evaluated the system and results showed a large improvement over the baseline system which consisted of straightforward string-matching between the input text and the filenames of the pictographs.Our system provides a clear improvement in the communication possibilities of illiterate people. Nevertheless there is room for further improvement.
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Tereshko, Ekaterina. "Translating Dutch modal particles ‘wel’ and ‘maar’ into Russian." Scandinavian Philology 19, no. 2 (2021): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2021.210.
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The article considers ways of transferring the meaning of Dutch modal particles in Russian text. Modal particles in Dutch act as communicative markers that are specific to Dutch culture. In contrast to the popular opinion, that in translating modal particles the method of omission prevails, this article examines the lexical, grammatical, and syntactic methods for preserving the modal meaning of the Dutch text in Russian translations, using examples from fiction. In addition, the question of translatability of poetic texts is touched upon. Following N. M. Azarova and S. Y. Bochaver, the author accepts the thesis of the translatability of the poetic text. Modern poetry, however, has its own specific features, such as brevity, the importance of graphic appearance of the text, and discreteness of the statement. Within strict limits of the growing importance of visual culture in the modern world, Dutch poets practically refuse “superfluous” words, including modal particles, which are extremely rare in poetry. This observation has a great value, because in today’s world of computer technology, the zero is as important as the one.
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Vanderauwera, Ria. "Translating a Dutch Seventeenth-Century Poetess." Dutch Crossing 12, no. 35 (August 1988): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03096564.1988.11783889.
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Badenoch, Alexander. "Translating ‘Liebeskummer’." Making Sense of Digital Sources 1, no. 1 (February 21, 2012): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/2213-0969.2012.jethc008.
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This article explores the possibilities for using TV archive documents for constructing transnational European heritage environments online. It looks closely at one episode of the Dutch popular music programme Combo from the mid-1960s, where artists from inside and outside the Netherlands perform in front of dancing teenagers. It points in particular to the acts of translation that take place within the programme, and argues that such acts must also be key in constructing television heritage online.
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Luger, Suzanne. "How do Dutch adolescents translate Latin into coherent Dutch? A Journey into the Unknown." Journal of Latin Linguistics 17, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 333–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joll-2018-0015.
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Abstract This article discusses translation processes of proficient students who translate Latin fables into Dutch in secondary school. The participants performed two tasks on a computer. They translated a Latin fable and edited a Dutch translation of another Latin fable while their activities were monitored by eye-tracker, screencast and keystroke logging. Immediately after the tasks the participants were invited to view their eye-tracking film and retrace their thoughts at the time of translating (stimulated recall). The article focuses on the stimulated recall interviews, and more specifically on the role of revision in the translation process. It presents a case study of one participant, as well as the strategies participants described to have used in tackling two specific translation problems. Data suggest that proficient participants rely on text comprehension rather than morphological knowledge to solve translation problems. The research shows three key elements as indicators for successful translation process resulting in a coherent target text: (1) a wide variety of problem-solving strategies and the ability to switch strategies, (2) the availability and use of metalanguage to verbalise the chosen strategy, and (3) revision of the target text.
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De Sutter, Gert, Marie-Aude Lefer, and Bram Vanroy. "Is linguistic decision-making constrained by the same cognitive factors in student and in professional translation?" Learner translation corpus research 9, no. 1 (April 11, 2023): 60–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.22005.des.
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Abstract This article analyses the extent to which four well-known general cognitive constraints – syntactic priming, cognitive routinisation, markedness of coding and structural integration – impact the linguistic output of translation students and professional translators similarly. It takes subject placement variation in Dutch as a test case to gauge the effect of the four constraints and relies on a controlled corpus of student and professional French-to-Dutch L1 news translations, from which all declarative main clauses with either a preverbal or a postverbal subject were extracted. All corpus instances were annotated for four random variables, the fixed variable expertise and ten other fixed variables, which were considered good proxies for the cognitive constraints. A mixed-effects regression analysis reveals that by and large the cognitive constraints have an identical effect on student and professional translators’ output, with priming and structural integration having the strongest impact on subject placement. However, students diverge from professionals when translating French clauses with a left-dislocated adjunct into Dutch, which is interpreted as an indication of a difference in automatisation when dealing with specific French-Dutch cross-linguistic differences.
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Quak, Arend. "Zur Übersetzungstechnik in den ‘Wachtendonckschen psalmen’." Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 80, no. 4 (March 24, 2021): 441–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-12340205.
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Abstract The Old Dutch ‘Wachtendonck Psalms’ [10th C.] survive in fragmentary transcripts from the 16th and 17th centuries. The now-lost original manuscript contained an interlinear gloss that shows different levels of ability in translating the Latin text of the Psalms. Sometimes, the translation displays a good knowledge of Latin and at other times serious flaws can be observed. On the basis of this, this article suggests that there was more than one person involved in translating the Latin text.
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Linn, Stella. "Eerst Vertalen, Dan Lezen? De Invloed Van Vertalen Op De Leesattitude." Vertalen in onderwijs en beroep 45 (January 1, 1993): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.45.08lin.
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We may assume that there is a relationship between the various ways in which literary texts can be interpreted, and the strategies that can be applied in their translation. Inevitably, translation strategies only pay attention to a limited number of aspects of the original text. It is, indeed, impossible to preserve all the aspects of a literary text in translation - the whole contents, the exact form, the rhythm, metaphors, puns and so on. This implies that the translator always has to choose so as to keep the features he considers most important, while giving up others. Since translation is a special kind of interpreting and reading, reading and translation strategies are bound to be interrelated. This paper deals with the influence of translating on the reading competence (and vice versa) and shows that when one is translating a text, one becomes more aware of the different ways in which it can be read and interpreted, and this, in turn, makes the translator more conscious of the choices (s)he can make. It is possible, then, to establish a 'hierarchy of priorities' in which the translator can take translation decisions more deliberately. I became aware of this influence of translating on reading attitude when I was leading a translation project at the University of Groningen, in which a group of students translated a number of poems of the Spanish poets Antonio Colinas and Julio Llamazares into Dutch. It appeared that during the classes, while we discussed the first Dutch versions of the poems, the students became gradually aware of a number of features they had not realized before, such as the intentional ambiguity of Colinas' word order, the use and significant position of certain key words, the musical qualities of the poems and the etymology of certain terms. This changing attitude brought about a number of modifications in our translations: the source texts were followed with more precision, importance was given to the preservation of various interpretations and the identification of key terms, the etymology of words was maintained wherever possible, the students tried to keep rhythm and musical effects and became sensitive to word order. This experience shows us that translation can have a useful place in the teaching of foreign languages, in that it sharpens the reading attitude, stimulates the analyzing and interpreting competences, and makes students more aware of the various choices they have when translating, and of the consequences these bring about.
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BRE´E, D. S., R. A. SMIT, and J. P. VAN WERKHOVEN. "Translating Temporal Prepositions between Dutch and English." Journal of Semantics 7, no. 1 (1990): 1–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jos/7.1.1.
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Tóth, Zsuzsa. "De receptie van Madelon Székely-Lulofs in de Hongaarse pers in het interbellum." Neerlandica Wratislaviensia 27 (March 9, 2018): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/8060-0716.27.12.
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De receptie van Madelon Székely-Lulofsin de Hongaarse pers in het interbellum Madelon Székely-Lulofs occupies a distinguished place in the history of the Dutch-Hungarian literary relations. Through her marriage with Hungarian planter and writer László Székely she was able to develop closer contact with the Hungarian literary world of the 1930s than any other Dutch author in this period. The Székely-Lulofs couple considerably contributed to the strengthening of the literary relations between these two countries: thanks to their translations in the 1930s and 1940s, the Dutch readership became acquainted with some of the most outstanding Hungarian writers of the time. Furthermore, they stimulated the popularity of the Dutch literature in Hungary by translating the works of Dutch writers to Hungarian. In this paper, I focus on how her works were received in Hungary in the 1930s and compare her Dutch and Hungarian reception. My research is based on a corpus of articles published in the Hungarian literary press of the time.
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CHEN, Liwei. "A Study of the Linguistic and Conceptual Development of Diguo zhuyi (Imperialism)." Cultura 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/cul012022.0004.
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Abstract: This article first describes how the classical Chinese word diguo was used in Japan as a translation of the Dutch language and thus into English, and then looks at the establishment and use of the term Diguo zhuyi (imperialism) in Japan. Finally, it describes how the Chinese language media in Japan, the Qingyi Bao, was quickly converted into a Chinese concept by translating the Japanese newspaper.
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Schroth, Simone. "Translating Anne Frank's Het Achterhuis." Translation and Literature 23, no. 2 (July 2014): 235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2014.0153.
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This article presents a comparative analysis of six translations of Anne Frank's Het Achterhuis into German, English, and French. This includes the history of its editions from the first Dutch edition published in 1947 to the 1986 critical edition of the Diaries and later Het Achterhuis editions. The translation analysis focuses on aspects related to the cultural and historical context, e.g. the use of annotations and the representation of anti-German comments made by Anne Frank. With regard to the latter, the first translation into German (1950) is partly re-assessed: not all these comments were eliminated or toned down by the translator Anneliese Schütz, who worked in close co-operation with Anne Frank's father Otto Frank.
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Echevarría-Guanilo, María Elena, Lídia Aparecida Rossi, Rosana Aparecida Spadoti Dantas, and Cláudia Benedita dos Santos. "Cross-cultural adaptation of the Burns Specific Pain Anxiety Scale - BSPAS to be used with Brazilian burned patients." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 14, no. 4 (August 2006): 526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692006000400009.
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This study aimed at translating and adapting the Burns Specific Pain Anxiety Scale - BSPAS and the Impact of Event Scale - IES into Portuguese; making available two simple, short and easily applicable instruments and describing the study participants according to their scores on the Visual Analogue Scale and the Trait-State Anxiety Inventory. The cross-cultural adaptation process involved the following steps: translation of the scales; reaching a consensus in Portuguese; evaluation by an expert committee; back-translation; obtaining a consensus in Dutch; comparing the original versions with the consensus in Dutch; semantic analysis and pretest of the Portuguese versions. The results showed that both scales present high values of internal consistency between the scale items. Participants' average pain scores were higher after bathing and wound dressing. Participants' average anxiety scores were low or medium.
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CHEN, Liwei. "A Study of the Linguistic and Conceptual Development of Diguo zhuyi (Imperialism)." Cultura 17, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/cul022020.0004.
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Abstract: This article first describes how the classical Chinese word diguo <graphic href="CUL2020k_47_fig0001.jpg"/> was used in Japan as a translation of the Dutch language and thus into English, and then looks at the establishment and use of the term Diguo zhuyi (imperialism) in Japan. Finally, it describes how the Chinese language media in Japan, the Qingyi Bao, was quickly converted into a Chinese concept by translating the Japanese newspaper.
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N’Zengou-Tayo, Marie-José, and Elizabeth Wilson. "Translators on a Tight Rope: The Challenges of Translating Edwidge Danticat’s Breath, Eyes, Memory and Patrick Chamoiseau’s Texaco." TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 13, no. 2 (March 19, 2007): 75–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037412ar.
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Abstract Translators on a Tight Rope: The Challenges of Translating Edwidge Danticat's Breath, Eyes, Memory and Patrick Chamoiseau's Texaco — For Caribbean intellectuals and scholars, translation of Caribbean literary texts has a key role to play for breaching the language barriers in the Caribbean and fostering regional integration. However, most publishing houses are located in the industrialized North, i.e. in countries which had colonial interests in the region. The targeted market of these publishers is located in a region which tends to exoticize the Caribbean. Henceforth, translating Caribbean literature can be like walking on a tight rope, since the translator would have to negotiate carefully between exoticism and faithfulness to the Caribbean culture. In addition, at least for the Dutch, French and English-speaking Caribbean, there is also the issue of bilingualism: use of French in relation with use of Haitian / Martinican / Guadeloupian Creole, use of English with Jamaican / Trinidadian Creole or a French-based Creole (Dominica, Grenada, and St Lucia). Against this background, we examined two translations, one from English into French (Edwidge Danticat's Breath, Eyes, Memory, 1994), the other from French into English (Patrick Chamoiseau's Texaco, 1992). We analyzed the translators' strategies in order to convey the Haitian and Martinican cultures. We also discussed their rendering of the bilingual shifts present in both texts. One translator was more successful than the other, which also raised the issue of 'scholar' translation versus 'non scholar' translation. In conclusion, Caribbean academics have to be watchful of the translations of literary works of the region since these translations, which do not aim primarily at the regional audience will nevertheless impact on cultural relationships in the region.
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Yi, KeunSang. "Learning and translating the Dutch language looking through Rangakukaitei." Center for Japanese Studies Chung-ang University 42 (August 31, 2016): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.20404/jscau.2016.08.42.121.
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Rian, Frans, and Rosalind Armelia. "TRANSLATION REVIEW ON THE TERM AANSLAG TO MAKAR IN THE CRIMINAL CODE OF INDONESIA." Journal of Language, Literature, and Teaching 5, no. 2 (November 20, 2023): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35529/jllte.v5i2.86-98.
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Dutch-Indonesian legal translation is under studied. The absence of equivalent terms in different languages requires constant comparison between SL (source language) and TL (target language) legal systems. Legal translators face numerous challenges as a result of the asymmetry between Dutch and Indonesian, whether those challenges are linguistic or cultural. Dutch and Indonesian terms are elements of linguistic difference and there is no one-to-one correspondence in Indonesian legal discourse. These require more effort from the translator. As cultural mediators, Indonesian legal translators may strive to understand Dutch terms conceptually rather than translate them literally. As in this study, the discussion of lexical translation between Dutch and Indonesian between makar and aanslag is the main goal. Because the term Makar has multiple meanings and is used to translate the word aanslag in Indonesia's criminal code, there is currently much debate over its use. This ambiguity prevents legal certainty from being guaranteed. The current situation with Indonesia's criminal code is that it does not define or set limitations on Macar acts, making possible uncertainties. The paper comes to the conclusion that translating the lexical terms mentioned above calls for knowledge of the linguistic and legal systems of languages, professional training, and up-to-date electronic dictionaries. This paper uses Library Research Method adapted from Thomas Mann. Data collections are collected from Published Sources, Online Databases, Government and Institutional Records, Publicly Available Data, and Past Research Studies.
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Vandepitte, Sonia. "Translating instructive texts." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 21, no. 40 (August 28, 2017): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v21i40.96771.
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Starting with Werlich (1982), many researchers within text linguistics and document design see instructive texts as a category that is different from persuasive texts. Others do not include either in their main typologies (e.g. Bonnet et al. 2001). This paper will claim, however, that instructions are a particular subtype of persuasive texts: instructing people is also persuading them to do something in a particular way or in a particular situation or in a particular order. Consequently, all features characteristic of persuasion (e.g. Aristotle 4th c. BC, Bettinghaus 1968, Dacheux 1994, Whalen 1996) also appear in instructive texts. Drawing from a learner corpus of materials used in the Trans-Atlantic Tech Writing / Translation Project (Maylath et al., 2005, in press), in which Flemish students translate English instructive texts written by American students into Dutch, the paper will discuss the problems involved in the translation of two relevant persuasive characteristics of instructive texts: expertise and positive audience-orientation. For the former, attention will be paid to message form, structure and strategy, while the latter will lead to considerations of both individual interpretation differences and cultural differences.
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Bochaver, Svetlana Yu, and Ekaterina V. Tereshko. "What is a ‘rare’ language in translation? The experience of distance reading." Slovo.ru: Baltic accent 14, no. 3 (2023): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2023-3-8.
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This article examines the perception of ‘rare’ and ‘common’ languages through literary translations. The study is based on the materials from De Bezige Bij Publishing House in the Netherlands, comparing the periods of 2010—2013 and 2020—2023. A significant increase in the role of translators is reflected in the rise of translation share in the publishing house. There is an observed growth in the number of source languages for translation, with a decrease in the proportion of English. Translations from French, Italian, German, Scandinavian languages, Portuguese, and Japanese have emerged. A comparison with the Polyandria Russian Publishing House during the period of 2020—2023 reveals common and distinct source languages. Both publishers translate literature into Danish, Finnish, and French to a similar extent. The Russian publishing house represents Norwegian and Japanese to a greater extent, while the Dutch publishing house releases more translations from German, Swedish, Turkish, and Italian. The Russian publisher also includes Icelandic, Albanian, Korean, and Croatian, while the Dutch publisher includes Hebrew, Romanian, and Portuguese. Both publishers encompass a total of 20 source languages, which is a small number compared to the global linguistic diversity. Comparing the volumes of source languages also indicates differences in preferences. Central European languages are chosen in the Netherlands, while Norwegian and Icelandic are favored in Russia. These differences may be influenced by the cost of rights to works, editorial preferences, and translator availability. The analysis results indicate that neither typological similarity between the source language and the target language, nor association with a specific language group, influences the preference for translating books from a particular language. This highlights the importance of sociocultural factors.
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Schrijver, Iris, Leona Van Vaerenbergh, and Luuk Van Waes. "An Exploratory Study of Transediting in Students’ Translation Processes." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 25, no. 49 (November 1, 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v25i49.97740.
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Editing and translating are interconnecting concepts with fuzzy borderlines. In 1989, Stetting coined the term transediting to refer to the overlap of both activities in the translation task. This article reviews the existing literature on this topic. It also reports on an exploratory study of transediting in the translation processes of translation students with different degrees of declarative and procedural knowledge. Four MA translation students were asked to translate an American patient information leaflet (PIL) for a Dutch-speaking audience in accordance with the valid European Medicines Agency (EMA) directive. Of the four participants, two participants possessed only declarative knowledge of both the EMA standards and the text type. The other two participants also had some procedural knowledge, i.e. experience with translating patient information leaflets. Data on the translation processes were collected through think-aloud protocols and computer keystroke logging. By triangulating the data, we found not only a difference in the degree of transediting carried out by the participants, but also divergence in phase allocation of transediting in the translation processes. No clear link could be established between the use of transediting and the participants’ declarative and procedural knowledge.
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Farahsani, Yashinta, and Margaretha Dharmayanti Harmanto. "MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECT IN TRANSLATING THERMODYNAMIC TERMINOLOGY." LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 16, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/ling.v16i2.12991.
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Several studies on translation have been carried out, namely on the problem of untranslation, translation of terms from various fields, and the formation of target language terms with spelling adjustments. One of them is the field of thermodynamics which is part of the field of Mechanical Engineering, which has many terms borrowed from Dutch and English. Therefore, the researchers are interested in investigating the morphological aspects of the translation of thermodynamic terms using the natural borrowing technique. This study used qualitative research methods. Researchers took terminology data from two books, namely The Fundamental of Engineering Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics. The results showed that the forms of borrowing that occurred were (1) borrowing by adjusting spelling and pronunciation adjustments; (2) borrowing with spelling adjustment without pronunciation adjustment; (3) borrowing without spelling adjustment, but with pronunciation adjustment; (4) adjustments to the spelling of prefixes and bound forms found 15 forms of adjustment; (5) suffix spelling adjustments found 20 forms of adjustment; and (6) a combination of translation and borrowing. In short, morphological aspects in translating thermodynamics terms are very important because they relate to the technique used.
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Sajarwa, Sajarwa. "TRANSLATION IDEOLOGY OF FRENCH NOVELS INTO INDONESIAN IN COLONIAL AND POST-COLONIAL PERIOD." JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature) 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 330–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/joall.v6i2.15372.
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This study analyzes the differences in the expression of meaning of the colonial and postcolonial French novels and the ideology of translating French novels into Indonesian during the colonial and postcolonial periods. This study uses data from French novels and their translations into Indonesian during the colonial and postcolonial periods. The data were analyzed by using descriptive-qualitative-comparative method. The results of this study show that text message expression during colonial period is indirect due to at that time The society was under the rule of the Dutch colonialists or subaltern. In post-colonial period, the community social situation changed, people were no longer afraid to express their thoughts or they were more open so that the delivery of meaning is direct. Colonial period novels have two types of foreignization ideology, namely self-names translation and setting translation, while post-colonial period novels have three types, namely self-names translation, title translation, and setting translation. The novels domestication ideology during colonial period occurred in translation of pronouns on and the translation of kinship calls, while in post-colonial period novels it occurred in pronouns on translation, kinship calls translation, and self-names translation. The different ideology in the two novels is self-names translation.
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Frumer, Yulia. "Translating Words, Building Worlds: Meteorology in Japanese, Dutch, and Chinese." Isis 109, no. 2 (June 2018): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/697993.
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Miller, William Cook. "Theodora Wilkin’s Wandering Soul." Church History and Religious Culture 101, no. 2-3 (July 21, 2021): 357–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-bja10029.
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Abstract Sometime in the early eighteenth century, an Anglo-Dutch woman named Theodora Wilkin began translating into English an important Mennonite devotional work, Jan Philipsz Schabaelje’s Wandelende Ziele met Adam, Noach, en Simon Cleophas. Her translation (or, better, adaptation) survives in a manuscript of about one thousand pages. Wilkin’s text sheds considerable light on the state of intellectual history and literary adaptation in the early eighteenth century. Specifically, Theodora Wilkin’s Wandering Soul foregrounds three concerns. 1) It demonstrates the centrality of women to providential history. 2) It reconciles biblical wisdom and natural philosophical knowledge. 3) It closely considers the Ancients, both insofar as they reflected divine truth and promulgated idolatry.
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Ryan, P., S. Thomas, and C. Normand. "Translating Dutch: challenges and opportunities in reforming health financing in Ireland." Irish Journal of Medical Science 178, no. 3 (June 4, 2009): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11845-009-0365-x.
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Zwiep, Irene E. "The Haskamah of History or Why Did the Dutch Wissenschaft des Judentums Spurn Zunz’s Writings?" European Journal of Jewish Studies 7, no. 2 (2013): 131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-12341251.
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Abstract According to common opinion, nineteenth-century Dutch Jewry never developed a follow-up to the German Wissenschaft des Judentums. This paper makes a case for the opposite: Dutch Jewish intellectuals not only were avid readers of Wissenschaft publications, they also used them extensively as sources of inspiration and information. The result, however, lacked the academic dimension of the German tradition. Instead, Dutch Jewish scholars consistently merged the results of critical scholarship with the edifying content of the traditional treatises they were translating and annotating. Time-bound historical truth thus served to affirm the timeless truth of Jewish ethics. It is further argued that this indeed somewhat derivative strategy was more than a mere sign of conservatism or scholarly mediocrity. The Dutch Wissenschaft soon became one of the key instruments in formulating a new Jewish civic identity in the decades following the Emancipation Decree of 1796. Working from rather than towards political equality, the Dutch Jewish scholars could afford to ignore the radical content of Jewish national philology as developed by Leopold Zunz and his German colleagues.
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Polet, Cora. "Kan De Dienaar Beter Zijn Dan De Meester?" Vertalen in theorie en praktijk 21 (January 1, 1985): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.21.07pol.
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In the course of history there have been different schools of thought about how texts should be translated, and the effect translations have on the target language literature, either directly or indirectly. Garmt Stuiveling, formerly professor of Dutch Studies at the University of Amsterdam, and for many years chairman of the Dutch Writers' Union, produced the following dictum: in a translation sixty-five per cent of what the author has tried to express, reaches the reader. In translators' circles a variety of views can be heard. This one for instance: the profession of a translator is more demanding than that of a writer. A writer uses his own style, but a translator must master a number of styles, since he translates different authors. Or this one: the achievement of a translator is equal to that of a writer; the source language version and the target language version provide texts of equal literary value. A more modest view, and the one held by the writer of the present article, could be phrased as follows: literary translation is a craft, a creative craft to be sure, but still a craft. And playing with words and stylistic features is part of that craft. A literary translator is to be compared to a performing artist, rather than his creative counterpart. It is noted that there has never been any research into the norms of present day translators. This means that judging translations, whether for purposes of reviews, a jury's decision or the awarding of grants, is often a matter of inspired guesswork. If such research were ever carried out, it should also discover whether translators actually use in their own work the translation strategies they profess to be using. Finally a selection of translating errors culled from literary works is proof that translators are not always good readers, to judge by the non-sense they sometimes manage to produce.
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De Bleeker, Liesbeth. "Translating space in narrative fiction: Patrick Chamoiseau’s Martinique seen from a Dutch and English perspective." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 23, no. 3 (July 31, 2014): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947014536502.
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This article analyzes what happens to the space of a narrative when it is translated. Its main goal is to demonstrate how we can deepen our understanding of space by seeing it through the twin lenses of narratology and comparative translation analysis. I will refer to the fictional universe created by the French Caribbean author Patrick Chamoiseau to illustrate this point. In particular, examples will be taken from Chronique des sept misères (2002 [1986]), from Texaco (2003 [1992]), and from the English and Dutch translations of these novels. After an introductory first section, the article sets out the narratological framework used in the analysis, based on a three-layered approach to space: the space constructed by the reader, its textual rendering, and the discursive space of the text itself. Adopting the same threefold structure, the third section offers an analysis of Chamoiseau’s texts, through a comparison of original and translated texts. In Section 4, the results of the analysis will be confronted with Chamoiseau’s own view on translation. The analysis shows how space is not only created by narratological and stylistic procedures, but also on the level of discourse, in the space the text creates for itself to speak from, which Maingueneau (1993: 123) has termed ‘scenography’. It also demonstrates how insights gained from translation studies can help narratologists to become aware of this interaction, and how a thorough narratological analysis that takes into account constructed space, its textual manifestation, and the space of enunciation, may help translation scholars better evaluate the impact of the translator’s choices.
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Heijns, Audrey. "Interpreting practices in a colonial context." Translation and Interpreting Studies 14, no. 3 (July 10, 2019): 372–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.19029.hei.
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Abstract This article investigates the experience of Dutch interpreters of Chinese in the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) from the mid-nineteenth century until Indonesia’s independence nearly a century later. In the colonial context, the task of interpreters went beyond orally translating speech. They also served as cultural mediators, who prevented conflicts and resolved misunderstandings. Based on theories of interpreting in colonial contexts, the cases in this study will probe the interpreters’ training, their allegiances, and their search for neutrality. The findings reveal that, in the period from 1860 to 1912, the interpreters tried to mediate for the government by resolving problems and misunderstandings, despite their limited authority. However, in the period from 1913 to 1949, the interpreters had less room to maneuver, as a result of changes in training as well as in the work environment of the Dutch East Indies.
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Makowska, Kaja. "Young adult literature in translation: The state of research." Beyond Philology An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching, no. 16/4 (December 11, 2019): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/bp.2019.4.07.
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The aim of the article is to examine the concept of young adult literature, provide its historical timeframe, identify its key components, and, finally, discuss young adult literature in translation by presenting the state of research on the topic. After analysing the concept of a young adult, the article moves on to provide a brief summary of adolescent fiction’s history, concluding that J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye and S. E. Hinton’s The Outsiders largely contributed to the recognition of the genre. The paper mentions characteristic style choices employed by the authors of young adult fiction, the most prominent being the blend of registers or ‘code-switching’ between teen and adult speech, as acknowledged by Penelope Eckert and Chuck Wendig. Code-switching constitutes one of the main translation problems and is discussed at large in two compelling papers on the topic of young adult literature translation, namely Translating Young Adult Literature. The High Circulation Rate of Youth Language and Other Related Translation Problems in “The Catcher in the Rye” and “The Outsiders” by Saskia Tempert and Translating Young Adult Literature: Problems and Strategies. John Green`s “An Abundance of Katherines” by Loana Griguta. Both dissertations analyse the language of adolescent novels (in the twentieth and the twenty first century) and devise a list of strategies dedicated to adequately rendering English source versions into Dutch and Romanian, respectively. These writings indicate a growing interest in the field of young adult literature translation. The article expresses the hope that more scholars will elaborate on the topic.
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Bogaards, Paul, Elisabeth Van Der Linden, and Lydius Nienhuis. "Translating ambiguous and nonambiguous Words in a foreign Language." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 139-140 (January 1, 2003): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/itl.139.0.2003201.
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The research to be reported on in this paper was originally motivated by the finding that about 70% of the mistakes made by university students when translating from their mother tongue (Dutch) into their foreign language (French) were lexical in nature (NIENHUIS et al. 1989). This was partially confinned in the investigation described in NIENHUIS et al. (1993). A closer look at the individual errors suggested that many problems were caused by words with more than one meaning which each require different translations in the target language. In the research reported on in this paper, we checked our fmdings in the light of what is known about the structure of the bilingual lexicon and about the ways bilinguals have access to the elements of their two languages. On the basis of the model of the bilingual lexicon presented by KROLL & Sholl (1992) an adapted model is proposed for the processing of lexical ambiguity. This leads to a tentative schema of the mental activities that language learners have to perfonn when they are translating from their mother tongue into a foreign language, The second part of the paper describes two experiments we have carried out in order to find empirical support for such a schema. The last section of the paper contains a discussion of the results obtained as well as the conclusions that can be drawn.
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Roeleveld, Annelies. "The Holy Rood in the Netherlands and North Germany A comparative study of nine Middle Dutch and two Middle Low German recensions of the legend about the Provenance of the Cross." Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik 66, no. 1 (March 1, 2010): 175–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18756719-066001010.
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A comparison was made of all the known recensions and fragments in Middle Dutch (9) and Middle Low German (2) of the medieval legend of the Provenance of the Cross. Variants were written and weighted, and a computer-assisted stemma was produced. The stemma arranges the recensions into a few groups, but only a small number of conclusions can be drawn from it, e.g. that the two Low German texts, not surprisingly, are to be found at a larger distance from their nearest relatives than any of the Middle Dutch recensions. Both were very obviously translated from Middle Dutch, and it was already clear from the differing ways they solve translating problems that one was not copied from the other, nor did they have a close common ancestor; this is corroborated in the stemma. The dialects of the Middle Dutch texts were then determined by means of the computer-controlled method Rem and Wattel developed for the Corpus of 14th century charters and deeds; the results were entered into the stemma. It now turned out that one of the Low German recensions was relatively closely related to a Dutch text with Northern and Eastern traits. Both Low German texts, however, have as their second closest relatives early recensions which localise in Southern Brabant. All the early Middle Dutch recensions do in fact localise in Southern Brabant. The obvious conclusion is that an archetypical text must have been written in Southern Brabant.
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Nicaise, Laurent. "On Going Beyond the Literal: Translating Metaphorical Conceptualizations in Financial Discourse." Meta 56, no. 2 (October 14, 2011): 407–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1006184ar.
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This article, through a bilingual French-Dutch corpus, looks at how identical financial-economic concepts are articulated distinctively in the two language communities. The article shows that understanding why an author makes a particular (metaphorical) choice in the lexical repertoire of the discipline could provide language learners and translators with knowledge that will foster their understanding of financial-economic discourse and raise their awareness of ideological, pragmatic and cognitive differences between languages in the role of metaphors. The data indicate that a corpus analysis may contribute to explaining the impact of culture and other communication variables on the lexical realizations of financial-economic concepts in the press.
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Doms, Steven, and Bernard De Clerck. "Translating English non-human subjects in agentive contexts: A closer look at Dutch." Across Languages and Cultures 16, no. 2 (December 2015): 285–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/084.2015.16.2.7.
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Yasa, I. Wayan Putra. "MANUSKRIP “LONTAR” SEBAGAI SUMBER PENULISAN SEJARAH LOKAL ALTERNATIF DI BALI." Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah Indonesia 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um0330v3i1p63-76.
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TThis research is based on the scarcity of local history writing sources and the exclusion of the lontar manuscripts from history writing, especially in Bali. The purpose of this study was to elaborate the source of lontar in Bali, the process of writing history with lontar, and the value contained in the source of lontar manuscripts. The method used is a historical research method consisting of heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that in Bali there is a Gedong Kirtya Museum manuscript storage center, with a collection of lontar totaling 1,750 titles, Dutch archives 8,490 pieces, and lontar translations 5,381 titles. Lontar translations are grouped again into seven, namely the Vedas, Religion, Wariga, Itihasa, Babad, Tantri, and Overlays (Weda, Agama, Wariga, Itihasa, Babad, Tantri, and Lelampahan). Writing lontar-based history begins with a heuristic consisting of identifying the lontar, reading the contents /translating the lontar, the two criticisms then the process of interpretation and finally historiography. The values contained in the lontar manuscripts are scientific, educational, ethical, cultural, political, nationalism values.
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Waardenburg, Lauren, Marleen Huysman, and Anastasia V. Sergeeva. "In the Land of the Blind, the One-Eyed Man Is King: Knowledge Brokerage in the Age of Learning Algorithms." Organization Science 33, no. 1 (January 2022): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1544.
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This paper presents research on how knowledge brokers attempt to translate opaque algorithmic predictions. The research is based on a 31-month ethnographic study of the implementation of a learning algorithm by the Dutch police to predict the occurrence of crime incidents and offers one of the first empirical accounts of algorithmic brokers. We studied a group of intelligence officers, who were tasked with brokering between a machine learning community and a user community by translating the outcomes of the learning algorithm to police management. We found that, as knowledge brokers, they performed different translation practices over time and enacted increasingly influential brokerage roles, namely, those of messenger, interpreter, and curator. Triggered by an impassable knowledge boundary yielded by the black-boxed machine learning, the brokers eventually acted like “kings in the land of the blind” and substituted the algorithmic predictions with their own judgments. By emphasizing the dynamic and influential nature of algorithmic brokerage work, we contribute to the literature on knowledge brokerage and translation in the age of learning algorithms.
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Zajas, Paweł. "Redaktor wydawniczy jako tłumacz." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 24, no. 40 (June 30, 2018): 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.24.2018.40.06.
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Publishing Editor as Translator: On Translating the work of Cees Nooteboom in the Suhrkamp VerlagCees Nooteboom has been the face of Dutch literature in Germany. His photo, which features on the cover of Niederländische Literaturgeschichte [History of Dutch literature, 2006], a volume edited by Ralf Grüttemeier and Maria-Theresia Leuker, is a telling illustration of this. Usually, his successful market position is related to a eulogy to the book Die folgende Geschichte, delivered by the pope of German literary criticism, Marcel Reich-Ranicki in October 1991 in a TV programme „Das Literarische Quartett”. This paper tells the prehistory of Nooteboom’s success in Germany based on unpublished data drawn from the Siegfried Unseld Archive (Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach). The main focus of the discussion is placed on the cooperation between Nooteboom and the publishing editor, Elisabeth Borchers, who exerted a significant influence on the form of his initial publications by Suhrkamp Verlag.
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Ayşen Kaim, Agnieszka. "In-between Calvinism and Islam: Ali Bey's Transcultural Translation of the Bible into Turkish in the Time of Confessionalization." Biblical Annals 13, no. 3 (July 11, 2023): 439–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/biban.14599.
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Albertus Bobovius/Ali Ufkî Bey was a typical go-between of his time, a learned translator and convert who benefited from his double religious sensitivity. As a consequence, he was able to create a transcultural translation of the Bible in the 17th century. This paper brings context to these aspects of his life. Ali Ufkî Bey created his works on religion during a time of intensive confessionalization, when Istanbul was a hub for many political interests with various religious and cultural options intersecting in the Ottoman capital. The project of translating the Bible to the national languages of Islam was carried out according to the vision of an alliance between Islam and reformed Christian groups, supporting the thesis of Calvino-Turkism, promoted by John Amos Comenius. As oriental scholars were lacking sufficient command of Turkish, they had to commission highly qualified go-betweens. There were two competing plans: Dutch Calvinist and Anglican. Bobovius was a part of the Dutch plan, along with Yahya Bin Ishak, a Jewish dragoman. The strategies of translation chosen by Bobovius were very modern according to the present knowledge of the art of translation, but in his era, there were difficulties in choosing the right language register and the right religious imagery to find proper equivalents. Underestimated by his contemporaries, Bobovius was rehabilitated by today’s linguists, and his “Turkish Bible” is still in use today. The text does not contest the religious identity of the author of this translation of the Bible but presents the hybridity of this figure against the background of the wider historical and confessional context of 17th-century Istanbul. It also provides examples of Bobovius’s translation choices and an initial interpretation of his methodology of timeless transcultural translation, from the perspective of contemporary translation theories. In the light of contemporary transcultural studies, present-day scholarship may treat Ali Ufkî as a transcultural agent and a gifted go-between.
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Vanessa Joosen. "Snow White and Her Dedicated Dutch Mothers: Translating in the Footsteps of the Brothers Grimm." Marvels & Tales 28, no. 1 (2014): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.13110/marvelstales.28.1.0088.
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Duijzer, G., S. C. Jansen, A. Haveman-Nies, R. van Bruggen, J. ter Beek, G. J. Hiddink, and E. J. M. Feskens. "Translating the SLIM diabetes prevention intervention into SLIMMER: implications for the Dutch primary health care." Family Practice 29, suppl 1 (March 7, 2012): i145—i152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmr096.
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Waterlot, Muriel. "Welke aanpak voor de Nederlandse vertaling van Poolse auditieve verba sentiendi?" Neerlandica Wratislaviensia 33 (November 17, 2022): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-0716.33.10.
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When translating verbs from auditory perception, the translator often limits himself to a semantic and syntactic analysis of the predicates in a sentence. However, there is also an enunciative dimension (i.e. the relationship between the speaker and the subject of auditory perception) to be taken into account. Linguists divide the verbs of auditory perception into two groups according to cognitive criteria: verbs of passive and active perception. In Polish, many auditory perception verbs have a prefi x. In this article, we analyse how Polish passive auditory perception verbs and active auditory perception verbs are to be translated into Dutch.
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Atamimi, Abdul Basit, and Aip Syarifudin. "MENGKAJI PEMIKIRAN TASAWUF KIAI AHMAD RIFA`I KALISALAK DALAM KITAB TARAJUMAH." An-Nufus 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32534/annufus.v2i1.1687.
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Kiai Rifa'i is one of the leading Islamic reformers on the island of Java, precisely in Kalisalak Village, Batang Regency, around the 19th century. He is a cleric figure who is worried about the condition of the Muslim community, especially rural communities who still lack religious knowledge. He tried to teach with the method of da’wah (Islamic preaching) that was easily accepted by the public at that time, namely the method of Islamic preaching - which might be a new one - by translating Islamic religious books in Javanese. One of them is the Tarajumah book which contains Sufism teachings. The purpose of this article is to find out how Kiai Rifa`i's Sufism thought in the Tarajumah book. Apart from its content, this book is interesting because it is able to instill the anti-Dutch colonial ideology as one of Kiai Rifa'i's criticisms of the Dutch colonialism and the traditional ulama (Islamic clerics) who were his collaborators. The research approach uses library research, namely research that uses literature. In obtaining data, the authors used written materials, such as books by Kiai Rifa'I, as primary data sources; as well as books, journals, manuscripts, and other documents related to the object of research as secondary references which are indeed related to the history, teachings and thoughts of Kiai Ahmad Rifa`i about Sufism and the Rifa`iyah congregation. This research found three main findings: first, the Dutch colonial government was kafir and haram to follow because it oppressed the people; second, the traditional bureaucrats, including the rulers and ulama who collaborated with the Dutch; third, K.H Ahmad Rifa`i taught eight praiseworthy qualities, and eight despicable qualities.
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Ulianitckaia, Liubov. "A brief overview of Marollien dialect features." Scandinavian Philology 18, no. 2 (2020): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu21.2020.205.
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The article provides an overview of the lexical and grammatical features as well as the sociopolitical environment of Marollien that originated in the 18th century as a dialect on the territory of Brussels. Marollien is essentially the Dutch language in its Brabantian dialect, strongly influenced by French. There are literary works, performances, and musicals written and staged in Marollien, as well as dictionaries and journals published in it. Historically, the Marollien dialect is a sociolect: it was generally used by Belgians coming to Brussels from Wallonia in search of a job and settling in one of the districts of Brussels — Marolles. A special emphasis is placed on lexical features of the dialect: gastronomic and everyday vocabulary are looked at and the examples of French loanwords and Southern Dutch language norm deviations are provided. Standard Dutch calques in French, when translating idioms in particular, are also identified. The differences between Dutch, French, and Marollien place names are illustrated. In the field of morphology and word formation, there is a regular mixture of Germanic and Romanic stems which is indicated. Examples of Marollien phonetic features are also provided. The article acknowledges frequent code switching in Marollien speech, which by and large resembles the phenomenon of linguistic interference. Due to the fact that Marollien is rapidly disappearing, the Brussels-Capital region is trying to support the dialect: various activities are being organized in order to propagate its use and enhance its prestige. Nevertheless, Marollien is not included in the well-known citizen initiative “Marnix Plan”, aimed at developing the methodology for the sequential study of several languages for all segments of the population in Brussels. This initiative is also discussed in the article.
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Guowei, Shen. "Translating Western Concepts by Creating New Characters: A Comparison of Japanese and Chinese Attempts." Journal of Cultural Interaction in East Asia 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2011): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jciea-2011-020105.
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Abstract Chinese characters are considered as an adaptable system, open to expansion and revision. Throughout history, the creation of new characters was one of the most important solutions to enlargements of the conceptual repertoire. Both scholars of “Dutch Learning” in Japan and missionaries active in nineteenth- century China used Chinese characters in their translations of western concepts. From a methodological point of view, Japanese scholars mostly coined compound words rendering the literal meanings of their terms of departure while translators in China, invigorated by the success of the new characters devised for chemical elements, believed that drafting new characters was more in line with the characteristics of the Chinese language. However, notwithstanding the painstaking efforts with which they were created, the new characters proposed by missionaries were eventually replaced by compound terms first used in Japanese adaptations. This paper examines the different practices and attitudes of Chinese and Japanese authors toward the creation of new characters as a method of translation. Analyzing the influence of their divergent approaches on the lexical systems of their respective languages, since Chinese has a very limited number of phonetic patterns, I conclude that it is impossible to create viable technical terminologies only by increasing new characters.
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Akker, Lizanne E. van den, Margot W. M. de Waal, Paul J. E. M. Geels, Else Poot, and Wilco P. Achterberg. "Implementation of the Multidisciplinary Guideline on Chronic Pain in Vulnerable Nursing Home Residents to Improve Recognition and Treatment: A Qualitative Process Evaluation." Healthcare 9, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9070905.
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The recognition and treatment of pain in nursing home residents presents challenges best addressed by a multidisciplinary approach. This approach is also recommended in the applicable Dutch guideline; however, translating guidelines into practical strategies is often difficult in nursing homes. Nevertheless, a better understanding of guideline implementation is key to improving the quality of care. Here we describe and qualitatively evaluate the implementation process of the multidisciplinary guideline ‘Recognition and treatment of chronic pain in vulnerable elderly’ in a Dutch nursing home. The researchers used interviews and document analyses to study the nursing home’s implementation of the guideline. The project team of the nursing home first filled out an implementation matrix to formulate goals based on preferred knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors for the defined target groups. Together with experts and organizations, pharmacotherapy audit meetings were organized, an expert pain team was appointed, a policy document and policy flowchart were prepared, and ‘anchor personnel’ were assigned to disseminate knowledge amongst professionals. Implementation was partially successful and resulted in a functioning pain team, a pain policy, the selection of preferred measurement instruments, and pain becoming a fixed topic during multidisciplinary meetings. Nevertheless, relatively few professionals were aware of the implementation process.
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Champagne, David C. "WILLEM FLOOR, The Afghan Occupation of Safavid Persia 1712–1729 (Paris: Association Pour l'Avancement Des Etudes Iraniennes, 1998). Pp. 387." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 4 (November 2001): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801234072.
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One could assume from the misleading title of this work that it is a new analytical history of the fall of the Safavid empire and the nine-year Afghan usurpation of the Safavid throne. More than forty years after Laurence Lockhart published his monumental work, The Fall of the Safavi Dynasty and the Afghan Occupation of Persia, a new study based on subsequent research would be a major contribution to the field. But Willem Floor has made a different, yet extremely significant, contribution. He has performed a yeoman's service by annotating, translating, and compiling primary source materials from the archives of the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC), or the Dutch East Indies Company, that someday will assist such an effort.