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Анохіна, Тетяна Олександрівна, Татьяна Александровна Анохина, and Tetiana Oleksandrivna Anokhina. "Translation analysis background." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17287.
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The article in question deals with the status of translation analysis to perfect rendering of the Source Text into Target Text.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17287
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Pålsson, Linda. "Translating Culture - An analysis of the cultural transfer in literary translation." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22390.
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The loss in translation between languages has long been debated, and a current issue within Translation Studies is that of the cultural aspect. Using two opposing concepts by Lawrence Venuti; domestication that is used to assimilate the source culture into the target culture, and foreignization that is used to preserve and highlight the foreign culture in the target text, this paper examines how culture is transferred in literary translation between English and Swedish. In order to establish which strategies are used, data consisting of 30 passages from the American novel Dead Until Dark (2001), and the corresponding passages in two different Swedish translations of it, is analysed linguistically. While the first translation is found to show no marked preference for either strategy, the second translation uses domestication thrice as often as foreignization. However, both translations use domestication in 9 out of 10 examples in the category ‘Figurative use of language’, which suggests a marked difficulty in preserving the source culture while translating metaphorical language. The analysis also shows a difference in the way the strategies are employed, suggesting a further division of the strategies into ‘passive’ and ‘active’. The author calls for further research on the effect of such a division.
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Söderholm, André. "Translation Analysis of GPS Manual." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-2263.
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This paper analyses a translation from English into Swedish in manuals for a GPS navigation tool. Focusing on two main grammatical areas this paper will answer the question how these elements of the language from the source text (ST) are handled by the target text (TT).
Works by Lennart Hellspong and Christiane Nord helped determine what linguistic elements to investigate in detail, as well as part of the method for the translation analysis. Investigated will be factors they consider problematic in, or relevant to, translation. These are terminology and sentence structure. The Background chapter presents a description of Hellspong’s and Nord’s views of translation analysis. Parts of these motivate this paper’s own translation analysis, as mentioned both in regards to how it is carried out and what elements of translation it has chosen to investigate.
Secondly, under Material, a presentation of this paper’s primary sources is offered. In addition to information on the manuals themselves, this chapter briefly covers the functions of the GPS navigation tool and a brief presentation of the company manufacturing it.
Thirdly, under Method, the method for investigation is described in detail. Here are presented sample items of what this paper will investigate, how items for investigation have been chosen, what specific language aspects will be analyzed and how the analysis will be carried out.
This paper’s fourth chapter, Analysis, consists of the actual research, presenting items analyzed following the strategies outlined under Method. The Analysis chapter will first present the result of each part of the investigation and then a result summary.
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Huang, Ke. "Translating for Children: Cultural Translation Strategies and Reader Responses." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/332832.
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This study explores the cultural dimension of translating children's and adolescent literature. Framed within the theories of cultural studies, translation studies, Baktinian dialogism, and reader response theories, this study is three-fold: (1) a content analysis is conducted to identify the cultural and linguistic shifts in the translated books and the strategies utilized by the translators for making those shifts, (2) the responses of the source-text (ST) and the target-text (TT) readers are compared; (3) the potential relationship between the translation strategies and the reader responses are inferred based on the findings from (1) and (2). The expected findings are: (1) adept use of various translation strategies helps the TT readers recognize themes as similar as the ST readers; (2) some interventions may create deviating responses in the TT readers as compared with the ST readers; (3) some unique responses by either the ST or the TT readers may be as a direct result of cultural differences more than the translation strategies. The implication section provides recommendations to publishers, translators, educators, parents, teacher educators, and researchers, and suggestions for further research.
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Kopp, Christine Alice. "Traductions Gigognes Or Translation of a Translation of a Translation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34344.
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The purpose of this thesis is to create a grid to assist in analysing three works of migration literature selected from the anthology, Retrato de una nube: Primera antología del cuento hispano canadiense (Molina Lora & Torres-Recinos, 2008) that would be informative in carrying out their translation with greater depth and scope, including language, discourse and real-life experience. My choice for a model was a recasting of Octavio Paz’s diachronic sequence “translations of translations of translations” (1979, p. 14) into its synchronic equivalent. Translation of the surface text or my interlinguistic (microtextual) translation from Spanish into English is the starting point, and the other two levels then need to be defined in relation to this first one. The next structural level in the sequence is the level that is normally consulted by the translator when the microtext is not sufficient for a satisfactory translation, i.e. the level of the macrotext, where there are networks of elements: plot, characterization, dialogue along with power relations and other characteristics reflected in the dialogue as discovered using critical discourse analysis. These larger discursive structures make up a level, a subtext that “encloses” the previous one. Since the texts chosen are works of migration literature, this subtext deals with migration and with the corresponding characteristics. At this level the translation is that of the migrant from one nationality to another represented with the characters and elements of this migration. Level 3 (the anthropological) is the third translation that encloses the other two, that of the migrant author, who translates him/herself from one nationality to another and who shows diasporic and hybrid characteristics reflected through the (micro)textual and discursive layers. The resulting structure is that of three vertical levels of translations that are synchronic and vertical rather than diachronic and horizontal (as Paz seems to have imagined) that not only describe translations internally but that also translate between themselves externally and in both directions: the linguistic (microtextual) into the discursive, and inversely, and the discursive into the anthropological, and inversely. Résumé : L’objectif de cette thèse consiste en l’élaboration d’une nouvelle grille d’analyse de trois nouvelles de la littérature migrante hispano-canadienne sélectionnées de l’anthologie, Retrato de una nube: Primera antología del cuento hispano canadiense (Molina Lora & Torres-Recinos, 2008) pour entreprendre et justifier leur traduction avec un plus grand degré de profondeur et une portée plus large, à la fois linguistique, discursive et phénoménologique. En vue de développer cette grille, j’ai choisi de revisiter la séquence diachronique d’Octavio Paz, « traductions de traductions de traductions » et de la transposer en son équivalent synchronique. La traduction interlinguistique (microtextuelle) de l'espagnol vers l'anglais constitue le point de départ, les deux autres niveaux devant être définis par rapport à celui-ci. Le niveau structurel qui suit dans la séquence est le niveau normalement consulté par le traducteur ou la traductrice lorsque le microtexte ne suffit pas à la réalisation d’une traduction adéquate, à savoir le niveau du macrotexte, où il existe une série de réseaux de signifiants, que ce soit l'intrigue, la caractérisation des personnages, les dialogues où se révèlent les relations de pouvoir entre ces derniers, et d’autres caractéristiques relatives à la mise en œuvre de ces dialogues, tel qu’on les découvre en appliquant une analyse critique du discours. Ces grandes structures discursives constituent un sous-texte qui « renferme » le précédent. Puisque les textes choisis sont des œuvres de littérature migrante, ce sous-texte traite de la migration et de ses caractéristiques socio-discursives. À ce niveau, la traduction est celle du migrant qui « passe » d'une identité nationale à l'autre, avec tous les personnages et tous les éléments que ce passage suppose. Le troisième niveau, de type anthropologique, est la troisième traduction qui renferme les deux autres, celle de l'auteur-migrant qui traduit en quelque sorte sa nationalité en une autre, et qui présente des caractéristiques hybrides et diasporiques traversant les couches (micro) textuelle et discursive. La structure obtenue est celle de trois niveaux de traduction qui sont synchroniques et verticaux plutôt que diachroniques et horizontaux (comme Paz semble les avoir imaginés), formant ainsi non seulement des traductions internes à chaque niveau, mais qui se traduisent aussi entre eux et dans les deux sens: le linguistique (microtextuel) se traduit dans le discursif, et inversement, et le discursif dans l’anthropologique, et inversement.
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Kim, Ahrii. "Neural machine translation evaluation & error analysis in a Spanish-Korean translation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667853.
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From RBMT to SMT and NMT, the MT field witnessed, first, a conceptual turn —from rule-based to data-base— and now, a technological turn —from MT algorithm to ML algorithm. Now that NMT became a new state of the art, this thesis quested for evaluating its performance in a Spanish-to-Korean translation, which, for the best of our knowledge, was the first attempt in this regard. The results reported that the NMT-based Google Translate (GNMT) had about 78% of reliability. In an experiment with post-editing, the post-editing was 37% more productive in GNMT than translation from scratch. An important finding was obtained from quantitative and qualitative error analysis. It reported that only 6% of the errors detected in the dataset were a syntactic error in such a distant pair like this. The results of this thesis served as a proof of a promising future of NMT in distant pairs.Des de la Traducció Automàtica (TA) basada en regles a la TA estadística i la TA neuronal (TAN), el camp de la TA va presenciar, primer, un gir conceptual - des d'aproximacions basades en regles fins aproximacions basades en dades- i ara, un gir tecnològic –de l’algoritme de la TA al d'Aprenentatge Automàtic. Ara que la TAN s'ha convertit en un nou estat de l'art, busquem avaluar el seu grau de qualitat en la traducció de l'espanyol al coreà,. Aquest estudie constitueix, segons el nostre coneixement, el primer que intenta avaluar aquest parell de llengües. Els resultats informen que Google Translate, basada en la TAN té al voltant el 78% de fiabilitat. En un experiment amb postedició, la postedició és un 37% més productiva que la traducció des de zero. Apartir d'una anàlisi d'errors quantitativa i qualitativa hem pogut fer constatar que només el 6% dels errors detectats van ser de naturalesa sintàctica en un parell de llengües tan distant com aquest. Els resultats obtinguts en aquesta tesi van servir com a prova per a un futur prometedor de la TAN en parells distants.
Desde la Traducción Automática (TA) basada en reglas a la TA estadística y la TA neuronal (TAN), el campo de la TA presenció, primero, un giro conceptual —desde aproximaciones basadas en reglas hasta aproximaciones basadas en datos— y ahora, un giro tecnológico —del algoritmo de la TA al de Aprendizaje Automático. Ahora que la TAN se ha convertido en un nuevo estado del arte, buscamos evaluar su desempeño en la traducción del español al coreano, que constituye, según nuestro conocimiento, el primer intento al respecto. Los resultados informan que Google Translate basada en la TAN tenía alrededor del 78% de fiabilidad. En un experimento con posedición, la posedición es un 37% más productiva que la traducción desde cero. Obtuvimos un hallazgo importante a partir de un análisis de errores cuantitativo y cualitativo. Informamos que solo el 6% de los errores detectados fueron sintácticos en un par de lenguas tan distante como este. Nuestros resultados sirvieron como prueba para un futuro prometedor de la TAN en pares distantes.
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Jamani, Hasina M. "Brahm Prakâsh : a translation and analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63297.
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Barranco, Natalia. ""A diamond guitar" translation and analysis /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=653.
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Tomita, Masaru. "Sentence Analysis Techniques in Speech Translation." Kyoto University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/160745.
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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものであるKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・論文博士
博士(工学)
乙第8652号
論工博第2893号
新制||工||968(附属図書館)
UT51-94-R411
(主査)教授 長尾 真, 教授 堂下 修司, 教授 池田 克夫
学位規則第4条第2項該当
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Migliavacca, Adriano Moraes. "Hart Crane's "Voyages" : analysis and translation." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/76225.
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O cenário da poesia moderna de língua inglesa congrega uma série de autores ingleses e norte-americanos que criaram obras com estilos, formas, problemáticas e visões de mundo altamente diversificados. Uma ampla gama de recursos linguísticos e estéticos foi desenvolvida, incluindo o uso da colagem, a sintaxe fragmentada, o verso livre e a linguagem coloquial algumas vezes intercalada com a solene. Dentre tais autores modernos, o poeta norte-americano Hart Crane se destaca por sua obra poética de alta originalidade e complexidade e suas perspectivas estéticas bastante individualizadas. Em sua obra, Crane articulou recursos e referências literárias e filosóficas variadas. Sua poesia se caracteriza por uma versificação que contempla do pentâmetro iâmbico branco elisabetano ao verso livre moderno; uma sintaxe que se distancia da língua falada com inversões e rupturas; um vocabulário eclético que une arcaísmos a neologismos; uma retórica rica em figuras de linguagem; e um ideário simbólico e temático compreendendo as ideias e imagens místicas e metafísicas do simbolismo francês e a exploração de sentimentos individuais do romantismo inglês. Além desses referenciais, Crane foi particularmente inspirado e instigado pelo poeta norte-americano moderno T. S. Eliot, cuja erudição e domínio de técnicas como a colagem e o verso livre Crane tinha como modelo, mas de cujas perspectivas estéticas classicistas e tradicionalistas e visões da modernidade pessimistas Crane discordava e tentou refutar. Assim, Crane concebeu sua obra poética em grande parte como uma resposta à de Eliot, buscando antepor ao seu pessimismo uma visão mais otimista, postulando uma espiritualidade própria à experiência moderna, que, segundo Crane, deveria ser explorada e registrada pelo poeta. Para tal, Crane desenvolveu uma teoria estética pessoal que enfatizava a subjetividade e as experiências do próprio poeta assim como a tradição literária, englobando, entre outros, elementos da filosofia transcendentalista norte-americana. Esse empreendimento resultou em uma obra breve, porém rica, cuja complexidade foi muitas vezes reprovada como excessiva ou confusa, mas cuja influência e interesse vêm aumentando nos anos após sua morte. Este estudo oferece uma apresentação das principais características da obra poética e das perspectivas estéticas de Hart Crane, centrando-se na análise formal e temática e em uma tradução para o português da sequência de poemas intercalados conhecida como “Voyages”, presente no primeiro livro de Crane, White Buildings, e geralmente considerada uma de suas principais obras. Alguns dos mais significativos poemas de Crane são estudados à luz de suas próprias teorias estéticas e das avaliações de críticos com perspectivas variadas, como Allen Tate, Yvor Winters, R. W. B. Lewis, Margareth Uroff, Thomas Yingling e Lee Edelman, entre outros. Buscam-se uma compreensão de sua obra e a apresentação em língua portuguesa de um de seus principais trabalhos líricos com o objetivo de familiarizar o leitor e o estudioso brasileiro com as obras e ideias de um poeta de língua inglesa cuja importância vem sendo atestada ao longo dos anos.The scenery of modern English language poetry congregates a number of English and North-American authors that created works with highly diversified styles, forms, problematic and worldviews. A wide range of linguistic and aesthetic resources was developed, including the use of collage, fragmented syntax, free verse, and the intercalation of colloquial and formal language. Among these modern authors, the North-American poet Hart Crane stands out due to his highly original and complex poetic works and his strongly individualized aesthetic perspectives. In his work, Crane articulated various philosophic and literary references and resources. His poetry is characterized by a versification that comprises both the Elizabethan blank iambic pentameter and the modern free verse; a syntax distanced from the spoken language with inversions and breakages; an eclectic vocabulary conjoining archaisms and neologisms; a rich and ornate rhetoric including complex figures of speech; and themes and symbols associated to mystical and metaphysical images and ideas from French Symbolism and the English Romantic exploration of subjective feelings. In addition to these references, Crane was particularly inspired by the North-American modern poet T. S. Eliot, whose erudition and mastery of techniques such as the collage and the free verse Crane had as a model, but with whose classicist and traditionalist aesthetic perspectives and pessimist views of modernity Crane disagreed and attempted to counter. Thus, Crane’s poetic work was largely conceived as a response to that of Eliot, aiming at opposing to his pessimism a more optimistic view, postulating a form of spirituality that is proper to the modern experience, which should be explored and registered by the poet, in Crane’s view. For such, Crane developed an aesthetic theory that emphasized the poet’s own subjectivity and personal experiences, encompassing elements of, among others, the American Transcendentalist school of thought. This endeavor resulted in a brief, but very rich poetic oeuvre, whose complexity has been often reproached as excessive or confusing, but whose influence and interest have been increasing in the years following his death. This study provides a presentation of the main characteristics of Hart Crane’s poetic work and aesthetic theories, focusing on the formal and thematic analysis and the translation into the Portuguese language of the poetic sequence known as “Voyages,” included in Crane’s first book and generally considered one of his main works. Some of Crane’s poems are here studied according to his own aesthetic perspectives as well as the evaluations of varied perspectives, such as those of Allen Tate, Yvor Winters, R. W. B. Lewis, Margareth Uroff, Thomas Yingling and Lee Edelman, among others. An understanding of Crane’s work and the presentation in Portuguese language of one of his most celebrated lyrical works are aimed at in order to familiarize the Brazilian reader and student with the works and the ideas of an English language poet whose importance has been attested throughout the years.
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Sturdy, Elliot. "Lost In Translation : An Analysis of Three Translations of Rosa Liksom's Tyhjän Tien Paratiisit." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för moderna språk, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326794.
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This paper deals with the problems of translation and the various methods of overcoming them. In particular it deals with a work by Rosa Liksom and its translation into Swedish and English. This paper looks at the translation of dialects and also at machine translation.
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Panicali, Sara. "Translating Children's Literature: translation process and analysis of Raquel Olcoz Moreno's "Zuppa di Arcobaleno"." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
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Zuppa di Arcobaleno is a short story wrote by Spanish-Italian author Raquel Olcoz Moreno about a little girl who faces a common struggle shared by many children all over the world: she doesn’t like vegetables. However, her stubbornness is challenged when she starts shrinking in size and turning grey because of the lack of vitamins in her diet. The story has a strong moral lesson that can be foreseen from the start and becomes more evident as the reader goes deeper into the story, through colorful visual prompts and fantastic narration. Visual imagery is a strong tool in this book, every scene carries a detailed description of shapes and colors, necessary to stimulate the child’s imagination, which will be eventually be paired up with actual illustrations as support.
This paper will analyze both the aspects of children’s literature as a literary genre and children’s literature in translation by including the analysis of the translation of the aforementioned children’s book.
In the first chapter, the book chosen to be translated will be introduced and children’s literature will be analyzed from a more theoretical point of view, elaborating on the definition of children’s literature, its origins, and translating literature for children. This chapter will also elaborate further on illustrated children’s books and the importance of illustrations in children’s literature. Secondly, the translation process followed while translating the text will be analyzed, giving relevant examples and applying the theoretical concepts to the case study. The translation strategy includes a series of critical points and translation choices: they will be explained in detail and the choices in relation to the translation strategy will be explained.
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Marklund, Åsa. "Translation of Technical terms : a study of translation strategies when translating terminology in the field of hydropower generation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-13591.
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Abstract This study analyses the translation of a technical guidebook in the subject field of hydropower generation. The aim is to identify and apply functional translation theories when translating general technical terms, industry terms and contract terms. The theoretical basis for the study consists of Eugene Nida’s and Vinay & Darbelnet’s models for translation as well as theories on terminology by Rune Ingo and Therésa Cabré. During the translation process, technical terms were identified and subsequently translated using one or more of the theories described. The result was then analysed and discussed. Although the study is not comprehensive enough to draw significant conclusions, the result indicates that in order to render the best possible translation of technical terms, a combination of theories and methods are best applied; direct translation regarding systematized terminology similar to general technical terms and oblique translation, or dynamic equivalence, regarding industry terms and contract terms. The results further suggest that structural analysis is of great value in order to determine the correct level of the term. In addition, the translator’s experience and knowledge of the subject field as well as readiness to consult parallel texts seem to be vital to the outcome of the translation.
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Ponnala, Lalit. "Analysis of Genetic Translation using Signal Processing." NCSU, 2007. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-02072007-174200/.
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A series of free energy estimates can be calculated from the ribosome's progressive interaction with mRNA sequences during the process of translation elongation in eubacteria. A sinusoidal pattern of roughly constant phase has been detected in these free energy signals. Frameshifts of the +1 type occur when the ribosome skips an mRNA base in the 5'-3' direction, and can be associated with local phase-shifts in the free energy signal. We propose a mathematical model that captures the mechanism of frameshift based on the information content of the signal parameters and the relative abundance of tRNA in the bacterial cell. The model shows how translational speed can modulate translational accuracy to accomplish programmed +1 frameshifts and could have implications for the regulation of translational efficiency. Results are presented using experimentally verified frameshift genes across eubacteria.
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Lataiwish, Muftah S. "An analysis of literary translation Arabic/English." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288057.
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Espindola, Elaine Baldissera. "Illuminated the analysis of the translation is." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/103251.
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Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inglês e Literatura Correspondente, Florianópolis, 2010Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T03:55:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 284637.pdf: 4014261 bytes, checksum: c9b3b306336a16a510c388ce155353cd (MD5)
Na área de Estudos da Tradução (ET), pesquisa em tradução audiovisual tem abordado a tradução para filmes de uma forma que reforça a parcialidade que tem sido dada a esta atividade. Estes estudos parecem negligenciar a natureza lingüística da tradução de filmes concentrando-se principalmente em aspectos relacionados a fatores culturais da atividade da legendagem (Espindola, 2005), o ambiente audiovisual da legendagem (Nobre, 2002), aspectos técnicos envolvidos na tradução de filmes e programas de TV bem como fatores de audiência (Luyken et al., 1991 e Dries, 1995). Por mais importante que estes estudos sejam, eles deixam alguns aspectos intocados uma vez que omitem a dimensão lingüística das legendas. Devido ao fato da linguagem como um sistema modelador auxiliar na construção de significados no ambiente do filme - junto com outros tipos de sistemas semióticos, atenção direcionada à linguagem das legendas parece ser uma lacuna a ser preenchida. A partir de uma perspectiva lingüística, ET está na agenda de pesquisa de lingüística sistêmico-funcional há um longo tempo, porém somente recentemente é que Estudos da Tradução Audiovisual foram adicionados aos Estudos da Tradução Lingüístico-Sistêmico. Neste contexto e como tentativa de superar a parcialidade mencionada anteriormente, a presente pesquisa de doutorado dá atenção direta à linguagem dos diálogos falados e das legendas da Saga Guerra nas Estrelas (dirigida por George Lucas) concentrando esforços de pesquisa no estudo do personagem selecionado: Mestre Yoda, através da investigação da estrutura temática em nível oracional em ambas as instâncias, com o intuito de observar o papel de Temas marcados e não-marcados na construção do discurso do personagem. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a contribuição da estrutura temática para conceber a representação de Yoda nos diálogos falados como um personagem sábio e poderoso da comunidade galáctica de Guerra nas Estrelas. Uma contribuição similar foi encontrada nas legendas onde a estrutura temática provou desempenhar papel crucial na construção do comportamento lingüístico de Yoda, indicativo da natureza de relação de poder existente entre ele e os outros personagens da Saga. Em ambos os casos, o discurso marcado emergiu como uma característica constante com Complemento e Predicador ocorrendo mais freqüentemente em posição temática. Tipicamente, quando o Tema em inglês era realizado por um Predicador sozinho com o finito em posição remática para marcar o discurso, um Complemento era usado para causar o mesmo efeito em resposta as possibilidades permitidas pelo sistema lingüístico do português brasileiro. Finalmente, a necessidade de se dar atenção direta a complexidade lingüística das legendas tornou-se evidente, uma vez que este tipo de análise provou ser possível de iluminar aspectos outrora desconsiderados - a análise lingüístico-sistêmico funcional levou à descoberta do linguajar característico de Yoda que media uma visão de mundo distinta.
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Keskin, Saldi Rana. "On Beş Köpek, Turkish Translation and Analysis of André Alexis's Modern Fable Fifteen Dogs." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36200.
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ABSTRACT The modern fable differs from the classic fable in terms of style, form, and content. Translating the modern fable likewise diverges from translating the classic fable in terms of the concerns that a translator might have along the way. This thesis serves as a case study on the practice of translating the modern fable by using On Beş Köpek, my Turkish translation of André Alexis's Giller Prize-winning 2015 modern fable, Fifteen Dogs, as a paradigm. This thesis is built upon six chapters, the first and the last of which are designed to be introductory and conclusive respectively. In the second chapter, the apologue/fable is defined and a historical review is provided from Aesop's fables to the modern fable. The third chapter provides an analysis of the source text, i.e. Fifteen Dogs, by mainly discussing the “fabulous” characteristics it displays. The fourth chapter is my complete Turkish translation, i.e. On Beş Köpek, whereas the fifth chapter presents an analysis of my Turkish translation within the framework of Gideon Toury's descriptive methodology.
RÉSUMÉ
La fable moderne diffère de la fable classique en matière de style, de forme et de contenu. La traduction de la fable moderne se distingue donc également de la traduction de la fable classique quant aux préoccupations du traducteur au moment de traduire celle-ci. Cette thèse sert d’étude de cas relative à la pratique de la traduction de la fable moderne en proposant On Beş Köpek, ma traduction en turc de Fifteen Dogs (la fable moderne et récipiendaire du prix Giller qu’André Alexis a écrite en 2015) comme exemple de paradigme. Cette thèse compte six chapitres, dont le premier et le dernier agissent respectivement comme introduction et conclusion. Dans le second chapitre, l'apologue/la fable est définie, et un survol historique d'Ésope à la fable moderne est ensuite offert. Le troisième chapitre fournit une analyse du texte source – Fifteen Dogs – traitant principalement des caractéristiques «fabuleuses» qu'il contient. Le quatrième chapitre renferme ma traduction complète en turc – On Beş Köpek – tandis que le cinquième chapitre présente une analyse de ma traduction suivant le cadre de méthodologie descriptive proposé par Gideon Toury.
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Tirkkonen-Condit, Sonja. "Argumentative text structure and translation." Jyväskylä : University of Jyväskylä, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/13332106.html.
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Ong, Wing Shan Shirley. "Sequoyah foreign language translation system business case analysis." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Dec%5FOng%5FWing.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Nussbaum, Dan. "December 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 22, 2008 Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70). Also available in print.
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Na, Pham Phu Quynh. "Error analysis in Vietnamese - English translation pedagogical implications /." View thesis, 2005. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/20242.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2005."A thesis submitted to the School of Humanities and Languages of the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, School of Humanities and Languages, in fulfillment for the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, December 2005." Includes bibliographical references and appendices.
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Dow, Eric. "From Acadian to Africadian, Translation and Analysis of Georgette LeBlanc’s Amédé: A Case Study in Translating Sociolect." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37605.
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This thesis will serve as a case study on the translation of sociolectal literature, using my translation into English of Acadian author Georgette LeBlanc’s second collection of poetry, Amédé, as a paradigm. Written in the Baie Sainte-Marie Acadian French sociolect, this work represents an interesting example of the difficulties that can arise while translating minority language literature, from both a linguistic and discursive perspective. Broadly speaking, the objective of my analysis will be to explore the relationship between the literary representation of sociolect and the creation of underlying networks of meaning, focusing on both the linguistic and discursive aspects of LeBlanc’s choices in portraying Baie Sainte-Marie Acadian French in order to justify my translation of her work into African Nova Scotian English, also referred to as Africadian English.
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Goodwin-Andersson, Elizabeth Margaret. "One translation fits all? : a comparative analysis of British, American and transatlantic translations of Astrid Lindgren and Sven Nordqvist." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22818.
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Target culture is a concept regularly used in Translation Studies but it is not a concept which is routinely defined any further than the geographical location of the target language. In English translation this can be problematic because some translations published in English are produced in one English-speaking country which are then sold to other English-speaking domains and this process of migration might not be obvious from the edition notice of the book. The underlying principle for the production of these translations could be that one translation can fit all English target cultures. Yet, in contrast, some anglophone translations are published separately e.g. as a British translation or an American translation. There has been, so far, minimal investigation into the different ways in which English translations come into existence and, therefore, this thesis aims to address the theoretical gap by creating a taxonomy of translation. The thesis presents new terminology for the various translation types within the anglophone world: for example, a translation can be separate when published independently by both Britain or America, or it can be transatlantic when it is shared by both countries. The existence of transatlantic translation challenges preconceived ideas regarding the concept of target culture within Descriptive Translation Studies. Through textual, paratextual and metatextual analysis of several case studies of each translation type the thesis explores the possible refinement of the concept of target culture per se. The thesis is underpinned by analysis of the work of two prominent Swedish children’s authors: Astrid Lindgren and Sven Nordqvist. Swedish children’s literature was selected because of its proven perennial contribution to the genre of children’s literature and its exceptional success in translation. Furthermore, children’s literature itself presents its own unique challenges in translation because, for this particular genre, the target culture introduces powerful constraints based upon the educational, social and cultural expectations of the receiving language community. However, in the case of the transatlantic translation, it is the initial target culture constraints which will be present within the text. In the second country to receive the translation, expectations regarding educational, social and cultural ideals may vary from the first target culture. Ultimately, the thesis argues that there are powerful constraining ideological forces within target cultures which are visible in separate translation; those same forces may present themselves in transatlantic translation also, but the origin of the ideology behind them may not be obvious. Thus, the thesis aims to change the way we label translation within newly delineated English-speaking target cultures.
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Trotter, William. "Translation Salience: A Model of Equivalence in Translation (Arabic/English)." University of Sydney. School of European, Asian and Middle Eastern Languages, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/497.
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The term equivalence describes the relationship between a translation and the text from which it is translated. Translation is generally viewed as indeterminate insofar as there is no single acceptable translation - but many. Despite this, the rationalist metaphor of translation equivalence prevails. Rationalist approaches view translation as a process in which an original text is analysed to a level of abstraction, then transferred into a second representation from which a translation is generated. At the deepest level of abstraction, representations for analysis and generation are identical and transfer becomes redundant, while at the surface level it is said that surface textual features are transferred directly. Such approaches do not provide a principled explanation of how or why abstraction takes place in translation. They also fail to resolve the dilemma of specifying the depth of transfer appropriate for a given translation task. By focusing on the translator�s role as mediator of communication, equivalence can be understood as the coordination of information about situations and states of mind. A fundamental opposition is posited between the transfer of rule-like or codifiable aspects of equivalence and those non-codifiable aspects in which salient information is coordinated. The Translation Salience model proposes that Transfer and Salience constitute bipolar extremes of a continuum. The model offers a principled account of the translator�s interlingual attunement to multi-placed coordination, proposing that salient information can be accounted for with three primary notions: markedness, implicitness and localness. Chapter Two develops the Translation Salience model. The model is supported with empirical evidence from published translations of Arabic and English texts. Salience is illustrated in Chapter Three through contextualized interpretations associated with various Arabic communication resources (repetition, code switching, agreement, address in relative clauses, and the disambiguation of presentative structures). Measurability of the model is addressed in Chapter Four with reference to emerging computational techniques. Further research is suggested in connection with theme and focus, text type, cohesion and collocation relations.
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Greenberg, Gillian. "Translation technique in the Peshitta to Jeremiah." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1348821/.
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This discussion is based on a word by word comparison of the source document and the translation throughout the 1364 verses of the book. The conclusions drawn are: 1. the translator's main aim was to present the sense of his Hebrew Vorlage without change, and to do so in a readily accessible presentational style. The evidence on which this conclusion is based is the presence of two co-existing forms of translation throughout: (i) almost always literal, in presentation of the sense. The few points at which the sense is modified almost all pertain to the theme of the movement from the Temple- and sacrifice-based pre-exilic religion to a prayer-based religion compatible with exile; (ii) often non-literal, stylistically, in pursuit of the precise and intelligible presentational style. When the translator wished to add lexical items, breaking the constraints of quantitative literalism so as to increase the precision of expression, he did so. 2. Comparison of earlier with later mss. shows that these characteristics are to be found not only in the work of the translator, but also in the work of later editors: evidently those editing the Peshitta mss. valued the presentational style sufficiently to impose it on the text even though they knew that by so doing they were likely to lessen the correspondence between that text and the Hebrew Vorlage. 3. The Vorlage was probably a document almost but not quite at the end of the process of recension which led to the formulation of MT: a group of minuses in which LXX and the Peshitta agree against MT, occurring at points of the Hebrew text where textual criticism suggests some underlying problem, constitute the evidence on which this conclusion is based. 4. The translator's approach to the choice of lexical equivalents is that of one who enjoyed exercising literary initiative. 5. There is no evidence that more than one translator was involved. 6. Future work, assessing the literary style of the Peshitta as a whole, is suggested to throw light on the puzzle of the incompatibility of the Peshitta to Isaiah and to Psalms with the classification of the other books of the Peshitta according to the characteristics of the translation technique.
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Hug, Christine. "Discourse and translation, comparative descriptive analysis of William Goldman's The Princess Bride and its French translation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ58463.pdf.
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DINIZ, PAULA SANTOS. "THE TRANSLATION OF DPS WITH MULTIPLE PREMODIFICATION: AN ANALYSIS OF PROCESSING COST IN THE TRANSLATION PROCESS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24427@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Esta tese, que se constitui na interface entre a Psicolinguística e os Estudos da Tradução, tem como objetivo investigar questões associadas a custo de processamento na tradução de DPs em inglês, com núcleo nominal precedido de dois ou três modificadores substantivos, adjetivos ou mistos, para o português. Além disso, busca-se refinar, a partir da integração entre as duas áreas, uma caracterização do processo tradutório com base em evidências da tradução dos DPs e de custo associado ao mesmo, de modo a contemplar tanto aspectos mais globais quanto microestruturais. Para tanto, faz-se uma revisão da literatura sobre os estudos processuais de tradução, com o intuito de verificar os tipos de pesquisa realizados na área, os objetos de investigação e os principais modelos do processo tradutório. São abordadas, também, a estrutura do DP e as características da pré-modificação em inglês, com vistas a avaliar em que medida as diferenças estruturais entre as duas línguas acarretam dificuldades para a tradução desse tipo de sintagma e, consequentemente, custo de processamento. Dentre os fatores que podem acarretar custo, examinam-se, em especial, os atrelados à estrutura do DP, como a diferença de posição entre núcleos e modificadores em inglês e português – o que exigiria a aplicação de uma operação de conversão –, número e tipo de modificadores e a potencial ambiguidade estrutural de alguns tipos de DPs, podendo implicar reanálise. São verificados, também, custos associados à tarefa tradutória em um nível mais global, considerando-se a interrupção do fluxo tradutório, as modificações realizadas nos DPs e as fases em que elas ocorrem. Para verificar custo de processamento associado aos DPs, foram elaboradas três atividades experimentais, que fazem uso de técnicas utilizadas nos Estudos da Tradução (Translog e Camtasia) e também em Psicolinguística (PsyScope). A atividade aplicada a tradutores experientes pretende investigar o processo de tradução de DPs com múltipla modificação tendo em vista as pausas relacionadas à tradução da estrutura, os tipos de modificação realizados e as fases do processo tradutório em que ocorrem (redação ou revisão). Ademais, procura-se avaliar se o comportamento global dos participantes se repete no nível local, relativo à tradução dos DPs. As atividades aplicadas aos tradutores novatos buscam investigar a noção da diferença entre núcleos e modificadores em estruturas de DP com múltiplos modificadores e, também, a consideração de elementos de desambiguização, como posição do adjetivo e gênero dos modificadores, ao se avaliar a adequabilidade de uma tradução. Os resultados sugerem que o número de modificadores e tipo de modificador estão relacionados a custo de processamento da estrutura em inglês. Os resultados também mostram que os tradutores experientes e novatos conseguem identificar corretamente o núcleo da estrutura e utilizam estratégias de minimização de custo, como realizar modificações ao longo do fluxo do processo tradutório, optar por estruturas não ambíguas e que não causem algum tipo de estranhamento na língua-alvo. Percebe-se, portanto, uma atenção à organização da estrutura em português e uma preocupação em produzir e optar por construções menos custosas para o tradutor e o potencial público leitor.
This thesis, which lies at the interface between Psycholinguisticsand Translation Studies, is aimed at investigating issues related to processing cost involved in the translation of complex DPs with multiple premodification (by two or three noun and adjective modifiers) in English. In addition, based on an interdisciplinary approach, this thesis is also aimed at characterizing the translation process based on evidences regarding DPs and cost related to it. Therefore, in order to verify the types of research conducted in the field of Translation Process Research, as well as the main translation process models, the literature on Translation Process Researchis reviewed. DP structures and the characteristics of premodification in English are also mentioned, so that it can be possible to evaluate the degree to which structural differences between the English and Portuguese languages cause difficulties concerning the translation of this type of phrase and, consequently, processing cost attributed to it. Among the factors that may lead to processing cost, we especially analyze cost related to the DP structure, such as the difference of head and modifier positions in English and Portuguese (making it necessary to switch the order of the items in the structure), the number and types of modifiers and the potential syntactic ambiguity present in some types of DPs, which could possibly lead to phrasereanalysis. We also verify cost related to the global translation process, considering the interruption of the translation process flow, the editing procedures applied to DPs and the phases of the translation process in which they take place. In order to analyze cost related to the DPs, three experiments were designed by employing the techniques used in Translation Process Research (Translog and Camtasia) and in Psycholinguistics research(PSyscope).The activity conducted with experienced translators is aimed at investigating the process involved in the translation of DPs with multiple modifiers regarding the pauses related to the translation of the structure, the types of editing procedures adopted and the phases of the translation process in which they occur (drafting or revision phase). The activities conducted with novice translators are aimed at evaluating if they are aware of the differences regarding heads and modifiers in DP structures with multiple modifiers in both languages and if, when evaluating the plausibility of a translation, they take into account morphosyntactic aspects related to the adjective position and gender of the modifiers in order to avoid possible ambiguity. The results suggest that the number and type of modifiers are related to processing cost involved in the DP structure in English. The results also show that the experienced and novice translators are able to correctly identify the head of the structure and make use of strategies in order to reduce cost, such as adopting editing procedures during the flow of translation process, choosing non-ambiguous structures in the Portuguese renderings or avoiding any option that could call the attention forbeing awkward. It is, therefore, possible to observe that the participants pay attention to the organization of the structure in Portuguese and they are also worried about rendering or choosing structures that are less cognitively demanding for the translator and the reader.
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Curtis, Sheryl A. "Visible hands, inferring translation strategy, an analysis of a corpus of translations produced at Canadian National (CN)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0005/NQ39031.pdf.
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Vazquez, Fernandez Silvia. "Translation, minority and national identity : the translation/appropriation of W.B. Yeats in Galicia (1920-1935)." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/14683.
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Recent developments in translation studies since the 1990s have focused on the ideological implications of translation, seeing the role of the translator as an interventionist and a mediator. This new paradigm overcomes the idea that translation is a mimetic task that consists merely of transferring meaning from one language to another, but rather it is associated with political processes which may involve domination, oppression, submission or resistance amongst social groups and communities. Recognition is given to the capacity of translation to forge social and cultural change. Postcolonial contexts have proven to be particularly fertile for the study of ideological issues related to translation insofar as they reflect a situation of inequality between language communities. In these contexts, translation can be used as a political artefact either to perpetuate colonial domination or to fight against it. As a result, the 1990s have seen the emergence of postcolonial translation theories. These new theories are not only applicable to contexts that are most commonly identified as postcolonial, but to any type of situation where there exists inequality between the two systems in which translation takes place (e.g., in subaltern cultures where the practice of translation can become a means of resistance against a situation of cultural domination and a channel of self-definition). In this regard, the situation of Galicia in the 1920s and 1930s is paradigmatic and it offers invaluable grounds for the study of translation when used as an ideological instrument in the struggle for the search and construction of a national identity. During this period a group of intellectuals, widely known as Xeración Nós, emerged in the region concerned with the articulation of a nationalist discourse based on the cultural and political differentiation of Galicia with regard to the rest of Spain. Their nation-building project was a response to a situation of cultural oppression, long imposed by the Spanish state represented by Castile, and it was based on the concepts of Celticism and Atlanticism. Resorting back to the alleged Galician ancestors, the Celts, they strove to establish affinities with the other so-called Celtic nations of Northern Europe, particularly Ireland, in order to include Galicia within the Celtic mythological tradition and, by extension, within a new Atlantic civilisation opposed to the Mediterranean one which they associated with Spain. Within this well planned ideological agenda, translation of Irish literary texts played an essential role as it was used as a political tool to establish the abovementioned affinity with Ireland. From the selection of the texts to be translated to the actual discourse strategies used by the translators, translation became a process of appropriation and manipulation to support ideological ends. Focusing on the translations of the Irish poet and playwright W.B. Yeats, the most translated Irish writer of the period and profoundly admired by the Galician intelligentsia, this thesis intends to explore how translation was used in a subversive and manipulative way to show Galicia’s distinctiveness and to build a national identity resisting cultural domination. Therefore, I will demonstrate the capacity of translation to shape cultures and to aid and support cultural and social change.
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Emami, Mohammad. "The dynamics of literary translation : a case study from English to Persian." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5955.
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This thesis aims to elucidate the translation process by devising a way of retrieving evidence of this process from its output. It further aims to assess the claims made by some scholars concerning the possible existence of Translation Universals. In order to isolate the interaction of texts and contexts, a corpus of American short stories was created, with their translations into Persian published after the 1979 Revolution. Three complementary methodologies gave a rounded picture: (1) Corpus-based Descriptive Translation Studies; (2) The pragmatic and rhetorically-based approach of Thinking Translation devised at St Andrews; and (3) The analytical framework mostly established by Halliday in his Systemic Functional Grammar. Approaching the process of translation in the specific order devised in this thesis provided four vantage points to analyse the data in a systematic way from linguistic, discourse, cultural and literary views before reaching what are at once the most personal and most characteristic aspects of a translator's work. The research begins with a literature review of the field and an account of linguistic constraints and of all Translation Universals hypothesised so far, followed by an extensive analysis of data in two consecutive chapters. With reference to the choices made in this corpus, it is discussed in the Conclusions chapter that most of the Translation Universals so far claimed are not in fact universal. It is the role of the translator which has emerged as the determining factor in producing a translated text, and thus as the key to resolving the issues explored in this thesis. It seems there are no constraints beyond the translator's reach, and there are no parameters which do not involve the translator, who introduces his or her own choices, or manipulates certain parameters. Only when they have done so, will the translation, as both process and product, be accomplished.
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Rask, Nina. "Analysis of a Medical Translation : Terminology and cultural aspects." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2370.
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This analysis deals with the difficulties in translating a medical text from English into Swedish. As primary source, I have used a British textbook about geriatrics called Nursing Older People which is aimed at university students of nursing. The selected chapter is called Person-centred dementia care written by the authors Sue Davies, Barry Aveyard and Ian J. Norman. The translation difficulties have involved terminology and cultural aspects. This analysis shows how these problems were tackled by studying different translation theories, such as Munday (2001) who refers to Koller’s theory about equivalence and Vinay & Darbelnet’s model of direct translation and oblique translation as well as Ingo (2007) who accounts for text sort conventions.
The terminological problems involved choosing the most appropriate term for describing diagnosis, diseases, body organs and symptoms. There was a wide variety of terms from old Graeco-Latin terms to English terms coined in the 1990s. Other terms were related to the international field of epidemiology as well as the organisation of care for the elderly, based on the Swedish Social Services Act. A suitable choice was possible by considering aspects like frequent usage of field specific words and collocations in parallel texts.
The cultural aspects involved cultural references such as differences between Sweden and the UK as for national institutions and organisations. The solution was to find a cultural equivalent or, when this was not possible, explain the term in a footnote.
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Andersson, Mikaela, and Louise Petersson. "Lost in translation : A qualitative study regarding the translation process of social media activities." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65182.
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Authors: Mikaela Andersson & Louise Petersson Suporvisor: Dan Halvarsson Examiner: Åsa Devine Title: Lost in translation - A qualitative study regarding the translation process of social media activities Keywords: Social media, Translation process, KPIs, Qualitative metrics, Quantitative metrics, Data collection, Data analysis Background: Social media as marketing tools have created many opportunities for marketers and companies that want to increase the social media use. However, the vast amount of data has generated many question marks, so there is a great need to understand how the translation process of social media activities is proceeding to have the ability to understand the effectiveness of the activities. Purpose: The purpose is to describe the translation process regarding the evaluation of social media activities. Research Question: How is the translation process described concerning social media activities? Methodology: The research is founded upon a qualitative approach with a descriptive purpose. It includes multiple-case studies and the data was collected through six semi-structured interviews. The result was derived by descriptions, categorizations and combination of the data. Conclusion: Despite having a fairly stable process including KPIs, metrics, data collection and analysis, there is no general way of translating social media indicators. Every translation process is dependent upon whom the client is, and what the objectives are, so it is difficult to describe the process in detail. However, the above-mentioned process can be viewed as an overall approach.
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Magwebu, Doris NomaXesibe. "Decisions, translation strategies and process in the translation of Molope's Dancing in the Dust : a critical analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50698.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study has been a long journey to pursue the art and craft involved in a translation process. The indisputably differing natures of the languages at stake have been prominent in the translator's psychological frame throughout the process. The acknowledgement of the differing natures of languages often means knowing exactly what has to be transferred and in which manner it has to be transferred without compromising the demands of any of the languages at stake. The latter also speaks to the preservation of the message of the ST in the TL in the process of transition. The translation of Molope's Dancing in the Dust has given good ground for the exploration of the processes involved in a literary translation. Although the status of Molope's novel in the publishing market appears to be relatively new, there are some good grounds to declare it as fairly translatable. It has been noted in the study that there has been a desire to consult her existing literatures with an intention to evaluate her dominant style of writing, or any of her translated works so that it becomes easier to determine the translatability of this novel. However, this only proved to be an unsuccessful business in the sense that this novel is the first of her works, ever. Nevertheless, it has been stated simultaneously in this study that the expressiveness of Mol ope's novel, especially in rooting out the main events of the 197 6 Soweto Uprisings, ultimately convinced the translator that this art is worthy to be translated. The acknowledgement (by some legends) ofMolope's potential to probe into the main events of the struggle during that era has been another area the translator could rely on. This attempt has been done albeit Molope's sometimes poignant style of writing (much of this has been said in the study), which sought to pose some problematic areas. As has been declared in the hypothesis section, translatability is possible if the process of translation commences on a ST analysis, whereby problematic areas (or areas of interest thereof) are identified with an intention to select a suitable translation strategy. Suffice then to say that an attempt to answer the translatability question of this novel has been made in the chapter of annotation. Assembling a chapter of annotation is itself an attempt to demonstrate the translator's creativity in manoeuvring the ST material in order to produce what she assumes will suit the target readers. The discussion of well-established translation literatures in Chapter 2 serves to give background to the random choice of particular translation strategies at particular points in time. Therefore, the literature which forms Chapter 2 of this study serves to substantiate both what appears in the chapter of annotation and the entire product thereof.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie was 'n lang ontdekkingstog na die kuns en vernuf betrokke by die vertaalproses. Die uiteenlopende aard van die tale ter sprake was deurentyd 'n belangrike oorweging vir die vertaler. Die erkenning dat die betrokke tale onteenseglik van mekaar verskil, gaan gewoonlik gepaard met die besef van presies wat op watter wyse oorgedra moet word ten einde aan albei tale reg te laat geskied. Dit behels dus dat die boodskap van die bronteks (BT) in die oordragproses na die teikentaal (TT) behoue bly. Die vertaling van Kagiso Lesego Molope se boek Dancing in the Dust (2004) het as 'n goeie vertrekpunt vir die ontdekking van die letterkundige vertaalproses gedien. Hoewel Molope se roman in die uitgewersmark as betreklik nuut beskou word, kan dit om 'n paar goeie redes as redelik vertaalbaar bestempel word. In die studie het dit duidelik geword dat 'n letterkundige vertaling hetsy vereis dat auteurs se bestaande letterkundige werke geraadpleeg word ten einde hulle oorheersende skryfstyl te bepaal 6f dat enige van hulle reeds vertaalde werke bestudeer word om deur middel van vergelyking die vertaalbaarheid van die tersaaklike werk vas te stel. Aangesien hierdie roman egter Molope se heel eerste werk is, was sodanige vergelykende navorsing nie moontlik nie. Die studie toon nietemin ook aan dat die beeldende aard van Molope se roman, veral met betrekking tot die hoofgebeure van die Soweto-opstand van 1973, die vertaler uiteindelik oortuig het dat die werk 'n vertaling waardig is. Die bevestiging (deur 'n paar legendariese figure) van die potensiaal wat Molope in hierdie ondersoek na die hoofgebeure van die vryheidstryd in daardie era openbaar, was n6g 'n faktor waarop die vertaler kon steun. Die vertaling is dus aangepak ofskoon Molope se uiters aangrypende skryfstyl (waaroor daar heelwat in die studie uitgewei word) 'n paar probleme opgelewer het. Soos in die hipotese genoem, is vertaling slegs moontlik indien die vertaalproses met 'n BT-ontleding afskop waarin (moontlike) probleemareas uitgewys word ten einde 'n toepaslike vertaalstrategie te kies. Dit is dus voldoende om te se dat die annotasiehoofstuk poog om die vraag oor die vertaalbaarheid van hierdie roman te beantwoord. Die saamstel van die annotasiehoofstuk is op sigself 'n paging om te toon hoe die vertaler skeppend met die BT -materiaal omgaan ten einde 'n gepaste teks vir die teikenlesers te skep. Die bespreking van gesaghebbende, betroubare vertaalliteratuur in hoofstuk 2 dien as agtergrond vir die ewekansige keuse van bepaalde vertaalstrategiee op bepaalde tydstippe. Daarom dien die literatuur in hoofstuk 2 as stawing van die inhoud van die annotasiehoofstuk sowel as die eindproduk van die studie.
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Morrow, Paul. "Geopolitics of Translation: An Economic Analysis of the National Endowment for the Arts' Literature Translation Fellows Program." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1209442470.
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Nikolausson, Elenore. "Translating the Western Wear of the Singing Cowboy and Cowgirl : A Study on the Translation of Terminology, Metaphors, and Similes." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36883.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss different translation strategies that may be used in translation from English to Swedish of a text on Country & Western costuming. The focus will be on terminology, metaphors, and similes. In order to discuss the terminology, the metaphors, and simile, an English text has been translated into Swedish. To ensure a correct understanding of the source text, different dictionaries, encyclopaedias, various search engines and viewing services online have been very useful throughout the translation process. Corpora together with retailers’ web sites have also been valuable sources in providing variation and nuances to the translated text. Different sources on translation theory have also been reviewed; Newmark (1988) and Vinay and Darbelnet (1995). Terms have been selected out of their typical characteristic of being Western wear, and metaphors and simile out of their context to Western wear clothing. The results of the analysis show that a translator does not make use of one translation procedure when translating, but several. Which procedure that will be carried out is dependent on the context of the source text, the readership of the target text, the source text’s degree of specificity of the terminology, the source text’s imagery of the metaphors and simile, and the translator’s interpretation of the source text.
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Hildebrand, Cassidy T. R. "Translation and Analysis of Suzanne Myre’s Short Story Collection Mises à mort: A Case Study in Translating the Short Story Cycle." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24019.
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In translation studies, the short story cycle has been largely overlooked as an object of study in prose translation. This thesis serves as a case study on the practice of translating the short story cycle, using my translation of Suzanne Myre’s 2007 short story collection Mises à mort as a paradigm.
The thesis comprises four sections: the first is devoted to a discussion of the short story cycle, a modernist form of the short story collection. It is a hybrid subgenre, balancing elements of both the traditional short story collection, characterized by heterogeneity, and the novel, characterized by homogeneity. In this first section, I examine a few definitions of the cycle, then I discuss the subgenre according to a four-part criteria established by Gerald Lynch: ‘character,’ ‘place,’ ‘theme’ and ‘style or tone.’ In the second section, I provide an analysis of Mises à mort within the framework of short story cycle criteria; an examination of the characters, setting, overarching themes and stylistic parallels serves to demonstrate how and why I ultimately interpreted the collection as a short story cycle. The third section is my complete translation of the work. In the fourth and final section, I discuss what implications my interpretation of Mises à mort as a cycle had for my translation thereof, and what unique challenges it presented. I compare my first draft, produced in the mindset that I was translating a traditional collection, to my final draft, revised to accommodate the cohesiveness of the work. This thesis serves to demonstrate how a translator can accommodate for the dual nature of the short story cycle, simultaneously maintaining the discreteness and interconnectedness of the stories.
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Phipps, Colin Ralph. "Saint Peter Damian's 'Vita beati Romualdi' : introduction, translation and analysis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1988. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/saint-peter-damians-vita-beati-romualdi--introduction-translation-and-analysis(04a4d2a1-b5ff-4503-b271-1da5ba072e45).html.
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Abdullah, Sharmini. "Translating specialized metaphors in technical discourse : an analysis of 'Foundations of Engineering' and its Malay translation 'Asas Kejuruteraan'." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/62660.
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This doctoral study explores whether engineering metaphors are used in the translation of an engineering text from English to Malay and examines how the usage of metaphors in the target text (TT) compares to that in the source text (ST). The study focuses on Holtzapple and Reese’s “Foundations of Engineering” and its Malay version “Asas Kejuruteraan” translated by Juneta Zawawi. The “Metaphor Identification Procedure” (MIP) by the Pragglejaz Group is applied in the process of gathering examples while the Cognitive Metaphor Theory is used for the purposes of metaphor analysis. A combination of Newmark’s (1988), Deignan’s (2005) and Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) classifications of metaphor are used to categorize the SL and TL metaphorical expressions. Metaphor translation procedures identified were benchmarked to those proposed by Newmark (1988). Analysis of the 174 ST and 82 TT engineering metaphors reveals that the use of metaphorical language does indeed characterize the English technical text and its translation into Malay. Identifying equivalence in the TL discloses somewhat similar problems to those that are present in literary metaphor translation. The ease of translation and the identification of suitable engineering metaphors are not determined solely by the type of metaphor but rather are also partially dependent on cultural and linguistic factors. Metaphor translation procedures as outlined by Newmark are found to be unable to account for all the examples, which results in the creation of the two variants of one of his translation procedures, the proposal of three new ones that are identified and the abandonment of two of his procedures. The selection of translation procedure appears to be dependent not only on the metaphor type but also on whether the translator simply decides to use equivalent SL metaphors or non-metaphorical expressions in the TL. It is also highly likely that the type of text being translated plays a role.
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Pause, Arnim. "Mutational analysis of the mammalian translation initiation factor eIF-4A." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41744.
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eIF-4A is a eukaryotic translation initiation factor and DEAD box RNA helicase that is thought to be responsible for the melting of secondary structure in the 5$ sp prime$ untranslated region of messenger RNAs to facilitate ribosome binding. A mutational analysis of eIF-4A revealed that the ATPase A motif (AXXXXGKT) is involved in ATP binding, the ATPase B motif (DEAD) is implicated in ATP hydrolysis, the SAT region is essential for RNA unwinding, and the HRIGRXXR region is required for ATP hydrolysis-dependent RNA binding. Furthermore, defective eIF-4A mutants exhibit a strong dominant negative effect on in vitro translation of several mRNAs, including those translated by a cap-independent internal initiation mechanism. It is demonstrated that eIF-4A functions primarily as a subunit of eIF-4F, and singular eIF-4A is required to recycle through the eIF-4F during translation. Accordingly, eIF-4F appears to be required for cap-dependent and internal initiation of translation.
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Hall, Michael Fitz-Gerald. "Discourse analysis of fictional dialogue in Arabic to English translation." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497629.
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Loeblein, James T. "A digital hardware test system analysis with test vector translation." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23643.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedDigital logic testing occurs in two different test environments, digital simulation and actual hardware testing. A computer aided design (CAD) tool applies a set of stimulus/response test vector patterns to check the functionality of a digital circuit design. Once manufactured, the chip with this design is tested by a hardware tester system (i.e. automatic test equipment (ATE)). The ATE performs many tests in addition to the functionality test. However the stimulus/response test vector formats used in these two environments are different and, therefore, incompatible in present form. This thesis is aimed at two major objectives. first, a system study will be performed on the GenRad-125 VLSI Hardware Tester System, including its usage, test capabilities and limitations. Secondly, this thesis addresses the problem of test vector format incompatibility between the two testing environments. Special UNIX tools, Lex and Yacc, are used to create a software translator which changes the CAD simulation file into the GenRad-125 Hardware Test System format.
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Averboch, Guillermo Andrés. "A system for document analysis, translation, and automatic hypertext linking /." This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07212009-040529/.
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Alduhaim, Asmaa. "Multimodal translation analysis : Arab Spring speeches in Arabic and English." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8561/.
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In the contemporary globalized world, translation plays a key role in sharing news across the globe, in particular in the age of multimedia, where meaning is transferred through various modes and genres. This study focuses on two Arab Spring speeches of Mummar Algaddafi’s and Hosni Mubarak’s and their translations in different media. The thesis initially conducts a comparative study of the source texts (STs), including a textual/contextual analysis drawing on Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis, and on Gunther Kress’ multimodal analysis. This is followed by examining the target texts (TTs) to investigate the inventible changes that occur during the translation process, particularly if the translation involves not only a transfer of meaning from Arabic to English but also from mode to mode (such as, speaking to writing) and genre to genre (a political speech to a newspaper article). The thesis introduces the Multimodal Translation Analysis model to investigate the following aspects of the TTs: linguistic aspects of the TTs, the TT’s multimodal qualities, and, drawing on Mona Baker’s narrative theory, the role of dominant narratives in the shaping of the TT.
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Choi, Jinsil. "A corpus based genre analysis of institutional translation in Korea." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28912.
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National government translations inform an international audience about an institution’s political positions, policies, and ideologies. In this institutional settings, translation is de facto self-translation (Gagnon 2010a: 254), where producers of the originals and the translations are the same, the institution and the institution exerts control over every stage of the ST and the TT productions. In doing so, institutional images are reinforced and often changed in the translations. Although translational activities are very common in governments, surprisingly, translation issues related to politics and national institutional settings have received relatively little attention (Schäffner 2012), and no detailed research has been undertaken in regard to characteristics of the Korean government translation processes and products. Drawing on corpus-based methodology, this study examines translation processes and products in three Korean government institutions, the art web magazine, Art:Mu, in the National Museum of Contemporary Art, the press briefings by the spokesperson in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and the speeches by President Lee Myung-bak, with a view to identifying different agents and procedures involved in institutional translation practices, linguistic and genre features of translations, changes made in translations compared to the ST, and how those different factors in the processes can influence the outcomes. For this study, a specially designed parallel corpus of Korean and English, the Korean Institutional Corpus (KIC), is compiled incorporating 151,546 words. It is shown that the more important the originals and the translation in terms of strategy and diplomacy, the higher degree of control in the process and the bigger changes in terms of frequency are found in the translations. It is hoped that this study will enhance our understanding of how factors of the processes can affect the products and encourage the development of translation practices in Korea.
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Migliavacca, Adriano Moraes. "Death and the King’s Horseman : analysis and translation into portuguese." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/186109.
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Na moderna literatura africana, poucos autores se destacam tanto quanto o dramaturgo, poeta, ensaísta, memorialista e ficcionista nigeriano, de origem iorubá, Wole Soyinka, internacionalmente célebre e ganhador do Prêmio Nobel de Literatura em 1986. Soyinka é conhecido sobretudo como dramaturgo, e seu teatro se caracteriza pelo uso de uma variedade de gêneros literários, formas, linguagens extraliterárias, como a dança e a música, e outros recursos relacionados à cultura iorubá. A obra de Soyinka, escrita em inglês, incorpora tanto elementos das literaturas ocidentais quanto das africanas, e seu inglês é marcado pela constante visitação da oralidade iorubá em provérbios, metáforas e fragmentos de poemas tradicionais assim como sua dramaturgia incorpora elementos do teatro tradicional de seu povo. Acima de tudo, seus enredos, que incluem temas atuais como corrupção, lutas por poder e conflitos entre o indivíduo e seu grupo, estão alicerçados na visão de mundo e cosmogonia iorubá, contendo ainda diversas referências mitológicas e rituais. Em outras palavras, Wole Soyinka se caracteriza, antes de tudo, como um escritor iorubá, cuja obra, cosmopolita em seus temas e conflitos, encontra suas raízes e enquadramento filosófico na visão de mundo de seu povo. É nessa forte presença de elementos iorubás que se encontra um dos maiores interesses das obras de Wole Soyinka para o Brasil. Sabemos que, nos últimos tempos, está havendo uma considerável valorização de elementos de origem africana presentes na cultura nacional, dentre eles, os encontrados nas religiões de matriz africana, que se mostram verdadeiros repositórios de mitos e símbolos de grande riqueza semântica. Tais mitos e símbolos presentes nessas religiões são majoritariamente de origem iorubá. Ler a obra de Soyinka no Brasil, portanto, é buscar uma nova forma de se relacionar com esses elementos e de valorizá-los em sua dimensão literária. Entre as peças de Wole Soyinka, a mais conhecida é provavelmente Death and the King’s Horseman, publicada em 1975 e com diversas realizações teatrais na Nigéria, Estados Unidos e Reino Unido. Baseada em uma situação real na Nigéria colonial, em que um costume do povo iorubá entrou em conflito com a ordem britânica, tal peça é aquela em que visão de mundo e mitologia iorubá estão mais bem articuladas com uma linguagem rica em gêneros e fragmentos da literatura oral iorubá, sendo particularmente proveitosa para uma aproximação cultural. Esta tese oferece uma análise da peça baseada em noções da cultura, da mitologia e da visão de mundo iorubá e nas teorias estéticas e metafísicas do próprio Wole Soyinka. Destacam-se nesta análise os aspectos simbólicos, míticos e metafísicos, assim como os estéticos. Essa análise é precedida de um estudo sobre dimensões da cultura iorubá importantes para o entendimento da peça, tais como história, religião, mitologia, filosofia e artes. Em seguida, as teorias estéticas de Wole Soyinka são estudadas sobre o pano de fundo das discussões literárias vigentes na África no período em que Soyinka engendrava tais teorias. É a partir desses elementos que a peça é analisada. Acima de tudo, esta tese oferece uma tradução de Death and the King’s Horseman que busca valorizar seu conteúdo lírico, suas várias linguagens e suas perspectivas filosóficas, com base nos estudos que foram feitos nos capítulos precedentes, concluindo a tese com observações sobre o processo de tradução.In modern African literature, few authors stand out as much as the Nigerian playwright, poet, essayist, memorialist, and novelist, of Yoruba origin, Wole Soyinka, internationally acknowledged as the winner of the 1986 Nobel Prize for Literature. Soyinka is known above all as a playwright, and his theatre is characterized by the use of a variety of literary genres, forms, extra-literary languages, such as dance and music, and other resources related to Yoruba culture. Soyinka’s work, written in English, includes elements from both Western and African literatures, and his English is marked by the constant presence of Yoruba orality in proverbs, metaphors and fragments of traditional poems as much as his dramaturgy embodies elements of the traditional theatre of his people. Above all, his plots, in such current themes as corruption, struggle for power and conflicts between individual and the community, are stippled on Yoruba worldview and cosmogony, containing as well many mythological and ritual references. In other words, Wole Soyinka characterizes himself, above all, as a Yoruba writer, whose work finds its roots and philosophical framework in the worldview of his people. It is in the strong presence of Yoruba elements in virtually all the ambits that we find one of the greatest interests of Soyinka’s works for Brazil. It is well-known that, in later years, there has been an increasing valuation and interest for elements of African origin in national culture, including those found in African-Brazilian religions, which are actually pools of myths and symbols of great semantic wealth. These myths and symbols found in those religions are, in their majority, of Yoruba origin. Reading Soyinka’s works in Brazil, therefore, is a way of relating to these elements and valuing them in their literary dimension. Among Soyinka’s works, the best-known is probably Death and the King’s Horseman, published in 1975 and with many productions in Nigeria, the United States and the United Kingdom. Based on an actual event that took place in colonial Nigeria, in which a Yoruba native habit conflicted with the British rule, this play is the one in which Yoruba mythology and worldview are best articulated with language that is rich in genres and fragments of Yoruba oral literature, being particularly fruitful for a cultural encounter. This dissertation offers an analysis of the play base on notions of Yoruba culture, mythology, and worldview and on Soyinka’s own aesthetic and metaphysical theories. This analysis highlights the symbolical, mythical and metaphysical, as well as aesthetic aspects. It is preceded by a study on important dimensions of Yoruba culture for the understanding of the play, such as history, religion, mythology, philosophy and arts. After that, Wole Soyinka’s aesthetic theories are studied against the background of the current literary discussions in Africa at the time. It is from these elements that the play is studied. Above all, this dissertation offers a translation of Death and the King’s Horseman that values its lyrical content, its many artistic languages and its philosophical perspectives based on the studies conducted in previous chapters and concluding with observations about the translation process.
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Wang, Oumai. "The application of explicit semantic analysis in translation memory systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/45427.
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Although translation memory systems have become one of the most important computer-assisted translation tools, the development of systems able to retrieve Translation Memory (TM) files on the basis of semantic similarity has hitherto been limited. In this study, we investigate the use of Explicit Semantic Analysis (ESA), a semantic similarity measure that represents meanings in natural language texts by using knowledge bases such as Wikipedia, as a possible solution to this problem. While ESA may be used to improve TM systems, at present the evaluation of semantic processing techniques in the context of TM is not fully developed because the use of semantic similarity measures in TM systems has been limited. The study hence aims to evaluate ESA for its specific application in TM systems. The evaluation is performed within a knowledge management framework as this provides a suitable technical context. A software platform called the ESA Information Retrieval platform was designed to test the performance of ESA in TM system tasks using three different text genres: technical reports, popular scientific articles and financial texts. The aim of the evaluation was not only to improve our understanding of how ESA can be applied to TM systems, but also to examine certain textual factors that may have an impact on their performance. It was found that the use of ESA was able to create different ways of utilising translation suggestions. On the basis of the results obtained, both the existing problems of using ESA in TM systems and the future perspectives of TM systems are discussed. This study not only contributes to our understanding of employing semantic processing techniques in TM systems but also presents a new knowledge management perspective for the development of translation technology.
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Averboch, Guillermo Andres. "A system for document analysis, translation, and automatic hypertext linking." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43809.
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A digital library database is a heterogeneous collection of documents. Documents may become available in different formats (e.g., ASCII, SGML, typesetter languages) and they may have to be translated to a standard document representation scheme used by the digital library.
This work focuses on the design of a framework that can be used to convert text documents in any format to equivalent documents in different formats and, in particular, to SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language). In addition, the framework must be able to extract information about the analyzed documents, store that information in a permanent database, and construct hypertext links between documents and the information contained in that database and between the document themselves. For example, information about the author of a document could be extracted and stored in the database. A link can then be established between the document and the information about its author and from there to other documents by the same author. These tasks must be performed without any human intervention, even at the risk of making a small number of mistakes.
To accomplish these goals we developed a language called DELTO (Description Language for Textual Objects) that can be used to describe a document format. Given a description for a particular format, our system is able to extract information from documents in that format, to store part of that information in a permanent database, and to use that information in constructing an abstract representation of those documents that can be used to generate equivalent documents in different formats.
The system originated from this work is used for constructing the database of Envision, a Virginia Tech digital library research project.Master of Science
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Crocker, Matthew Walter. "A principle-based system for natural language analysis and translation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27863.
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Traditional views of grammatical theory hold that languages are characterised by sets of constructions. This approach entails the enumeration of all possible constructions for each language being described. Current theories of transformational generative grammar have established an alternative position. Specifically, Chomsky's Government-Binding theory proposes a system of principles which are common to human language. Such a theory is referred to as a "Universal Grammar"(UG). Associated with the principles of grammar are parameters of variation which account for the diversity of human languages. The grammar for a particular language is known as a "Core Grammar", and is characterised by an appropriately parametrised instance of UG. Despite these advances in linguistic theory, construction-based approaches have remained the status quo within the field of natural language processing. This thesis investigates the possibility of developing a principle-based system which reflects the modular nature of the linguistic theory. That is, rather than stipulating the possible constructions of a language, a system is developed which uses the principles of grammar and language specific parameters to parse language. Specifically, a system-is presented which performs syntactic analysis and translation for a subset of English and German. The cross-linguistic nature of the theory is reflected by the system which can be considered a procedural model of UG.Science, Faculty of
Computer Science, Department of
Graduate
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McBride, Cheryl. "Translation memory systems: An analysis of translators' attitudes and opinions." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28404.
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Translation memory (TM) systems are among the most aggressively marketed and widely used computer-aided translation tools. Previous studies have focused on when and how TMs are used, but there is significantly less information available relating to translators' perceptions of and attitudes towards them.
The goal of this thesis is to explore translators' unprompted opinions of the issues related to TM system usage. After analyzing postings on translators' discussion boards, I propose to compare current assumptions about TM systems and their use with what translators are expressing in their unprompted opinions. I believe that with a better understanding of different perspectives and attitudes, translators can evaluate and potentially adjust their own perceptions in light of others' experience, developers and vendors can respond more accurately to users' needs, clients can better comprehend translators' concerns, and researchers and trainers can properly address the issues currently surrounding TM system usage.
This thesis is organized into three chapters. Following a general introduction, Chapter I explains the functioning of TM systems and the issues surrounding their use, and then explores what is known about the use of TM systems and attitudes towards them as these are expressed in scholarly research, vendor promotional materials, surveys of practicing translators, and analyses of mailing lists. Chapter 2 provides a description of the methodology used in this project to select a primary resource, extract TM-related information, and classify the data. Chapter 3 presents a summary and analysis of the data found in the corpus. Finally, the conclusion summarizes the findings of this research and their implications for translators, vendors, clients/agencies, translator trainers, and researchers, addresses areas requiring further investigation and research, and evaluates the methodology of the project.
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Charlston, David Graham. "Hegel's phenomenology in translation : a comparative analysis of translatorial hexis." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:189132.
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The thesis adapts Bourdieu’s theory of hexis as a method for approaching the Baillie (Hegel/Baillie, 1910/1931) and Pinkard (Hegel/Pinkard, 2008) translations of Hegel’s Die Phänomenologie des Geistes (Hegel, 1807/1970) as embodiments of a translatorial practice informed by social and philosophical contextual factors. The theoretical concept of a translatorial hexis is analogous to Bourdieu’s habitus but differs in that the translatorial hexis embodies a specifically dominant, honour-seeking stance of the translator with regard to the micro-dynamics of the surrounding sub-fields; the translatorial hexis is also embodied primarily in the detail of the text and in the peritexts to the translations. Chapters 3 and 4, which focus on the Baillie and Pinkard translations, are each divided into three sections: an analysis of the historical background to the translation in terms of interrelated Bourdieusian fields defined by rival positions vying for academic reputation; an analysis of lexical patterning identified in TT corpora with reference to the translations of two ‘dialectically ambiguous’ terms Geist [mind/spirit] and aufheben [cancel/preserve/sublate]; an analysis of peritexts to the two translations. Starting with a discussion of Hegel’s ‘dialectical ambiguity’ in chapter 1 and an elaboration of the Bourdieusian theoretical framework in chapter 2, the thesis attempts to explain the lexical findings with reference to the concept of translatorial hexis in a manner which takes philosophical and sociological factors into consideration as determinants of the translators’ strategies. The analysis focuses on the positioning of Sir James Black Baillie with regard to Absolutist and Personalist versions of British Idealism and Terry Pinkard with regard to the non-metaphysical readings of Hegel and the development of communitarian ideologies. The publication of new translations of Hegel’s works and new critical works on German Idealism suggest that a Hegel revival is in full progress. Given the centrality of translation to this phenomenon, it is appropriate that translation studies should contribute to the discussion, especially to demonstrate the value of a self-reflexive, multi-disciplinary approach which brings linguistic analysis and sociological contextualisation to bear on some of the philosophical issues at stake.
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Sousa, Martins Joao Pedro. "Functional analysis of DAZL-mediated translation activation during mammalian gametogenesis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9893.
Full textAbstract:
Gametogenesis is a highly complex process that requires stringent control of gene expression, in which translational regulation plays an essential role. Deleted in Azoospermia-like (DAZL) belongs to the DAZ family of RNA-binding proteins, which are restricted to germ cells, and regulate mRNA translation. Importantly, loss of function of these proteins results in infertility in both males and females in a wide variety of organisms. A model for the mechanism by which DAZL stimulates translation has been proposed based on work in Xenopus laevis (X. laevis) oocytes. In this model, DAZL functions by recruiting the translation initiation factor poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) to the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of messenger RNAs. Simultaneous binding of PABP to Dazl and factors at the 5’ end confers a “closed-loop” mRNA conformation, which promotes translation initiation. To examine whether DAZL plays a similar role in mammals, co-expression of Dazl and PABP family members was investigated in fetal and adult mouse gonads. In contrast to X. laevis, mammals encode four cytoplasmic PABPs which share a similar domain organisation: PABP1, tPABP, ePABP and PABP4, of which PABP1 and PABP4 appear to be expressed in a wide range of tissues. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Dazl, Pabp1 and Pabp4 are all expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs) but these show different expression patterns following germ cell sex differentiation. In adult testes Dazl is expressed in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, coinciding with the peak of Pabp4 expression. In contrast, the peak of Pabp1 expression occurs later than that of Dazl, with these proteins only being co-expressed in late pachytene and secondary spermatocyte phases. In adult ovaries, Pabp1, Pabp4 and Dazl are all expressed in the oocytes of primordial and primary follicles. Since both PABP family members are co-expressed with Dazl, the ability of DAZL to interact with PABP1 and PABP4 was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, these studies showed that DAZL discriminates between different PABP family members, only interacting with PABP1, providing the first report of a PABP-specific protein partner. Several putative DAZL mutations have been identified in patients with impaired fertility. Two of these mutations, I37A and R115G, are located in the RNA recognition motif (RRM), a domain which is found in many RNA-binding proteins and mediates both RNA and protein interactions. Thus, the role of these mutations in the ability of DAZL to stimulate translation was investigated. To this end, a translational target of human DAZL (hDAZL) was sought. The 3’UTR of growth differentiation factor 9 (hGDF9) mRNA was found to confer regulation by hDAZL and thus the ability of mutant DAZLs to stimulate reporter mRNAs containing this 3’UTR was examined. This revealed that both mutations compromised the ability of hDAZL to stimulate hGDF9 translation, suggesting a causative effect. These results were further confirmed in assays in which hDAZL is artificially tethered to mRNAs. The ability of mutant hDAZLs to stimulate translation in this assay was compromised suggesting that loss of function is, at least in part, due to impaired protein-protein interactions rather than altered RNA-binding. This work provides insights into the molecular mechanism by which DAZL stimulates the translation of specific mRNAs during mammalian gametogenesis and provides evidence that this function may play an important physiological role in human reproduction.