Academic literature on the topic 'Translation biology'

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Translation biology"

1

Chew, Guo-Liang. "Non-Canonical Translation in Vertebrates." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467487.

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Translation is a key process during gene expression: to produce proteins, ribosomes translate the coding sequences of mRNAs. However, vertebrate genomes contain more translation potential than these annotated coding sequences: translation has been detected in many non-coding RNAs and in the non-coding regions of mRNAs. To understand the role of such translation in vertebrates, I investigated: 1) the distribution of translation in vertebrate long non-coding RNAs, and 2) the effects of translation in the 5’ leaders of vertebrate mRNAs. To quantify and localize translation in a genome-wide manner
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2

Lin, Chen-ju. "Targeting translation initiation for cancer therapy." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96981.

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The recruitment of ribosomes to the 5' end of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells is generally thought to be the rate-limiting step of translation initiation and this process is mediated by the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F complex (eIF4F). This complex consists of three subunits: eIF4E, a mRNA-cap binding protein, eIF4A, a RNA helicase and eIF4G, a large molecular scaffold that mediates the binding of mRNA to ribosomes. Deregulation of translation initiation through eIF4F activation has been widely observed in human cancers. The eIF4F complex lies downstream of key signalling pathways involved in onc
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3

Kinney, Emma. "Decoupling of HSV1 Vhs protein mRNA decay and translation stimulation." Thesis, University of Missouri - Kansas City, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1543940.

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<p> Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 is a member of the <i>alphaherpesvirinae </i> subfamily within the family <i>Herpesviridae</i>. This virus has both a lytic and latent cycle. Primary infection occurs when the virus enters epithelial cells around the mucosal lining of the nose and mouth. Within the epithelial cells, the virus undergoes an active lytic infection, causing an ulcerated blister, more famously known as a 'cold sore' or 'fever blister'. Once HSV enters the nearby sensory neurons the genome is transported to the neuronal cell body where its latency associated transcripts are activated
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4

Cho, Park 1975. "The Cap-binding inhibitor of translation, d4EHP /." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111819.

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In eukaryotes, the initiation phase of protein synthesis or translation is a multi-step process that culminates in the positioning of the SOS ribosome at the initiation codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA). Recognition of the cap structure by eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (etF4F; composed of three subunits: the cap-binding protein e1F4E, the RNA-helicase eIF4A and the scaffolding protein eIF4G) facilitates this process. The ability of eIF4F to bind to the cap, as a result of the Cap:eIF4E interaction is of particular importance, as it is the major target of translational regulatory mechanism.<br>
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5

Malina, Abba. "The therapeutic potential in eukaryotic mRNA translation." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114176.

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Inhibitors of translation have proven invaluable in delineating the overall mechanism of protein synthesis. Unlike inhibitors of prokaryotic protein synthesis, the therapeutic development of drugs that directly interfere in the eukaryotic mRNA translation for treatment of human disease has remained largely unexplored. To begin to investigate this possibility and expand the current repertoire of compounds that affect eukaryotic translation, we have undertaken several different experimental screening approaches, two of which are described below and will form the basis of this thesis. In chapter
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6

Chiappetta, Margaret Elizabeth. "Knowledge translation in action : cancer biology and systems pharmacology at the National Center for Advancing Translational Science." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50189.

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The need for novel diagnostic and therapeutic drugs with the potential to combat increasingly prevalent or particularly insidious diseases has grown in recent years. Concurrently, the issue of translating scientific knowledge from “bench to bedside” has become increasingly salient. In 2011, the U.S. National Institutes of Health created the National Center for Advancing Translational Science in an effort to remedy the recalcitrant gaps between fundamental laboratory research and late-stage clinical trial, thereby dramatically reducing the amount of time and expense needed to develop efficaciou
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7

Yao, Xiaoquan. "Sequence features affecting translation initiation in eukaryotes: A bioinformatic approach." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27658.

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Sequence features play an important role in the regulation of translation initiation. This thesis focuses on the sequence features affecting eukaryotic initiation. The characteristics of 5' untranslated region in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were explored. It is found that the 40 nucleotides upstream of the start codon is the critical region for translation initiation in yeast. Moreover, this thesis attempted to solve some controversies related to the start codon context. Two key nucleotides in the start codon context are the third nucleotide upstream of the start codon (-3 site) and the nucleotid
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8

Fung, Hiu Leong. "Human C7orf30 is a novel mitochondrial translation factor." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103744.

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Mitochondria generate the majority of cellular energy through oxidative phosphorlyation. The machinery of oxidative phosphroylation consists of five enzyme complexes that are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. A small number of essential subunits in these complexes are encoded by mtDNA and synthesized on a dedicated mitochondrial translation apparatus. Defects in mitochondrial translation system cause many mitochondrial diseases, but the mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial translation remain largely unknown. We have identified an unnamed human protein C7orf30, as a possible mitoch
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9

Arribere, Joshua A. (Joshua Alexander). "Transcript leaders : annotation and insight into functions in translation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83763.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2013.<br>CD-ROM contains PDF of title page and .txt of tables.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Vita.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>For a eukaryotic mRNA to be properly expressed, it undergoes a series of several steps, including transcription, modification, splicing, packaging, export, localization, translation, and decay. Of these steps transcription is the most extensively studied, though the remaining steps are also indispensible for proper protein production. While we understand many of these st
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10

Cacan, Ercan. "Evolutionary synthetic biology: structure/function relationships within the protein translation system." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45838.

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Production of mutant biological molecules for understanding biological principles or as therapeutic agents has gained considerable interest recently. Synthetic genes are today being widely used for production of such molecules due to the substantial decrease in the costs associated with gene synthesis technology. Along one such line, we have engineered tRNA genes in order to dissect the effects of G:U base-pairs on the accuracy of the protein translation machinery. Our results provide greater detail into the thermodynamic interactions between tRNA molecules and an Elongation Factor protein (te
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