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1
Lei, Sin I. Cindy. "Applying the equivalent theory to a translation project :Lore of Running into Chinese." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3954270.
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Rise, Gard R. "Mori Ōgai and the translation of Henrik Ibsen’s John Gabriel Borkman." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Japanska, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-31073.
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Mori Ōgai’s (1862-1922) 1909 translation and the subsequent theater production of Henrik Ibsen’s 1896 play John Gabriel Borkman was in many ways instrumental in the formation of Japanese Meiji-era shingeki theater. Through his career as a translator, Ōgai’s translation approach shifted from one of decreasingly relying on domestication techniques to staying more faithful to the source text through use of foreignization techniques and arguably towards what has been identified by Eugene Nida and Jin Di as dynamical equivalence or equivalent effect, respectively, in drama translation. In this project, Ōgai’s translation of John Gabriel Borkman is examined using a set of categories peculiar to drama translation, as proposed by Chinese scholars Xu and Cui (2011), again based on the theories of Nida and Di. The categories are intelligibility, brevity, characterization and actability. The results from the analysis are used to do a qualitative analysis of Ōgai’s approach to drama translation. Results from the study indicate that Ōgai put large emphasis on the intelligibility of the play, and perhaps over the aspects of brevity, characterization and actability. However, wherever the brevity aspect seems not to be in violation of any of the other aspects, Ōgai seems to have tried to adhere as close as possible to the source texts in terms of speaking length.
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Stočkūnaitė, Milda. "Translation of Fixed Collocations and Idioms." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20130613_162826-39652.
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The object of the study is the structure and semantics of fixed collocations and idioms in the English language and their Lithuanian equivalents. The aim of the work is to research how English fixed collocations and idioms are translated into Lithuanian and what stylistic and semantic changes they undergo. The main research methods applied in the research are descriptive theoretical literary analysis, contrastive method and statistical method.In theoretical part the concepts of fixed collocation and idiom are discussed. Further consideration is focused on the classification of previously mentioned idiomatic expressions. Fixed collocations and idioms are classified regarding to what they mean and what they refer to. Translation strategies and the difficulties when translating the idiomatic expressions are discussed. The practical part is divided into three parts which examine fully equivalent, semantically similar, formally modified and functionally equivalent fixed collocations and idioms. The selected examples prove that the majority of idioms undergo semantic, stylistic or structural changes in the process of translating them from one language into the other. Though there are some English idioms that have equivalents in Lithuanian, in the majority of cases only few or none of the elements coincide.<br>Bakalauro baigiamojo darbo objektas yra fiksuotų kolokacijų ir idiomų struktūra bei semantika anglų kalboje ir jų lietuviškuose atitikmenyse. Darbo tikslas - ištyrinėti kaip angliškos fiksuotos kolokacijos bei idiomos išverčiamos į Lietuvių kalbą bei kaip pasikeičia jų stilistika ir semantika. Pagrindiniai tyrimo metodai yra šie: aprašomoji teorinė literatūros analizė, gretinamasis metodas, statistinis metodas. Teorinėje dalyje nagrinėjamos fiksuotos kolokacijos ir idiomos sąvokos. Toliau dėmesys skiriamas jau minėtų idiomatinių išsireiškimų klasifikacijai. Fiksuotos kolokacijos ir idiomos sugrupuotos pagal reikšmę bei tą, ką jos nurodo. Aptariamos vertimo strategijos bei idiomatinių išsireiškimų vertimų sunkumai. Praktinis tyrimas suskirstytas į tris dalis, kurios tiria visiškai ekvivalentiškas, panašias semantiškai, bet pakeista forma ir praktiškai ekvivalentiškas fiksuotas kolokacijas ir idiomas. Pasirinkti pavyzdžiai įrodo, kad daugumos idiomų semantika, stilistika ir struktūra pasikeičia jas verčiant iš vienos kalbos į kitą. Nors ir yra angliškų idiomų, kurios turi atitikmenis Lietuvių kalboje, daugeliu atvejų sutampa tik keli arba nei vienas žodis.
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Westling, Måns. "A Qualitative Descriptive Translation Study of Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8055.
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<p>This essay is a qualitative descriptive translation study concerning two translations of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet into Swedish. The purpose of the study is to investigate the translational behaviour of the translators and the translation norms that govern this behaviour.</p><p>By thoroughly analysing stretches of the play, the study will attempt to locate translation shifts (linguistic changes) that occur in the translation from the source text to the target text. These changes are connected with the translators’ fidelity towards e.g. the metre of the verse or the sense transfer of puns. The analysis also comprises a survey of the translation norms that the translators adhere to. These norms, stated by the translators themselves, are connected to their translation approach. Thus, the study will reveal the differences of translation behaviour and analyse them from a wider perspective. The translations were made around 1840 and in 1982, respectively. The considerable space in time in itself suggests that linguistic differences will occur. However, the study will also find differences as regards the purposes of the translations. The older translation appears to be performed in a tradition of fidelity to the written text and its literary qualities, whereas the modern translation clearly has the purpose of being used for the stage performance. The latter is stated by the translator himself, who also argues that Shakespeare is to be considered drama and not literature.</p>
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Xiao, Di. "A study of non-equivalent culture-loaded words in two English translations of Fu Sheng Liu Ji." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2178621.
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Björklund, Rosario. "La traducción de los culturemas : Dificultades y soluciones en la traducción del sueco al español del estudio: "La imagen de Suecia en los medios de comunicación después de Stieg Larsson y Millennium"." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46265.
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Translation is all about finding the similar word and expression in the target language ́s culture and to try to obtain the same message as the source text. What a translator does with a translation project from the source language to the target language includes a process where several elements interact: finding the correct terminology in the target culture and be able to transfer the connotation and the message to the reader in the target language. The aim of this investigation is to identify and analyze the difficulties that may appear in the process of translating cultural aspects between Swedish and Spanish. The source text is a Swedish study Mediebilden av Sverige efter Stieg Larsson och Millennium (Sweden beyond the Millennium and Stieg Larsson) by Joakim Lind (2012) that has been translated into Spanish. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the translation techniques neutralization and the cultural equivalent are most suitable to use in the translation of cultural elements. The results of the study showed what was expected from the beginning, that it was mostly these two translation techniques that were used: neutralization and the cultural equivalent, but in several cases it was necessary to use other techniques like literal translation. The process of translation cannot only depend on one or two translation techniques and the translator must be able to recognize when the appropriate technique should be used. In several cases it has to be a combination of two or three translation techniques to be able to reach a good final result of the translated text.
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Moreton, John Evelyn. "Translating Saddam : ideology, intertextuality and communicative equivalence in Arabic-English translation." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/4054/.
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This thesis is concerned with a particularly problematic area of Arabic-English translation, an activity likely to expand considerably as this century continues, and especially in non-literary domains. The past decade has seen increasing attention being paid by translation and other scholars to such issues as ideology, intervention, the role of narratives and the involvement of translation in global news dissemination. Not surprisingly, translation from Arabic looms large in all these areas. Political speeches and statements, often containing a disconcertingly unfamiliar blend of political and religious discourse, invite or require translation (or summary) into English by various agencies with their own particular ideological stances and agenda. Even with accurate and competent linguistic transfer there are many forms of possible manipulation. Equally, poor quality translation between two such incongruent languages can easily produce material that appears at least partly incomprehensible and may tend to make the source text and its producer(s) seem ridiculous to the target reader. Examples of this abound in the available translations of two of Saddam Hussein's speeches in the months leading up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. To prepare the ground for an examination of these translations, this study first traces the history of ideas about translation and the development of the modem `interdiscipline' of Translation Studies. It then moves on to consider the problems of equivalence and translatability in Arabic-English translation, not only at the word and sentence level but also at that of whole texts, and extends this enquiry into the area of textuality and especially the phenomenon of intertextuality. Intertextuality is then seen to be carried within languages and cultures by the vehicle of ideology and discourse, and thus to represent a particular challenge to translators. Problems in the translation of the Saddam speeches are subsequently identified and discussed in the context of target reader norms and expectations, and in terms of a still rather hazy notion of `communicative equivalence
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Trotter, William. "Translation Salience: A Model of Equivalence in Translation (Arabic/English)." University of Sydney. School of European, Asian and Middle Eastern Languages, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/497.
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The term equivalence describes the relationship between a translation and the text from which it is translated. Translation is generally viewed as indeterminate insofar as there is no single acceptable translation - but many. Despite this, the rationalist metaphor of translation equivalence prevails. Rationalist approaches view translation as a process in which an original text is analysed to a level of abstraction, then transferred into a second representation from which a translation is generated. At the deepest level of abstraction, representations for analysis and generation are identical and transfer becomes redundant, while at the surface level it is said that surface textual features are transferred directly. Such approaches do not provide a principled explanation of how or why abstraction takes place in translation. They also fail to resolve the dilemma of specifying the depth of transfer appropriate for a given translation task. By focusing on the translator�s role as mediator of communication, equivalence can be understood as the coordination of information about situations and states of mind. A fundamental opposition is posited between the transfer of rule-like or codifiable aspects of equivalence and those non-codifiable aspects in which salient information is coordinated. The Translation Salience model proposes that Transfer and Salience constitute bipolar extremes of a continuum. The model offers a principled account of the translator�s interlingual attunement to multi-placed coordination, proposing that salient information can be accounted for with three primary notions: markedness, implicitness and localness. Chapter Two develops the Translation Salience model. The model is supported with empirical evidence from published translations of Arabic and English texts. Salience is illustrated in Chapter Three through contextualized interpretations associated with various Arabic communication resources (repetition, code switching, agreement, address in relative clauses, and the disambiguation of presentative structures). Measurability of the model is addressed in Chapter Four with reference to emerging computational techniques. Further research is suggested in connection with theme and focus, text type, cohesion and collocation relations.
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Mashamba, Mabula. "Translation and cultural adaptation with reference to Tshivenda and English : a case study of the medical field." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2193.
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Thesis (M.A. (African languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2011<br>The aim of this study was to investigate the problems encountered by translators when translating medical terms from English into Tshivenda. It has been revealed in this study that the major problem that the translators are confronted with is lack of terminology in the specialized field such as Health. This problem is caused by the fact that different languages entail a variety of culture. The study revealed that most translators and lexicographers resort to transliteration and borrowing when confronted with zero-equivalence. They regard transliteration and borrowing as the quickest possible strategies. The study discovered that transliteration should not be opted as an alternative strategy to deal with zero-equivalence as users will be led to a state of confusion. The study revealed that communicative translation is regarded as the most fruitful method of translation as it conveys the exact message of the original in a best possible manner. Both the source and the target users get the same message.
KEY CONCEPTS
Translation, Culture, Source Language (SL), Target Language (TL), Translation equivalence and Zero-equivalence.
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Mabunda, Idah. "The impact of zero equivalence on translation with special reference to English and Xitsonga." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1096.
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Thesis ( M.A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2013.<br>This study examines the impact of Zero equivalence when translating Xitsonga to
English and vice versa. Translation is essential in everyday communication, therefore
it is important to choose the accurate equivalent variant during the process if not so
misunderstanding occurs especially where the target language has nil elements for a
particular concept.
In this study semi-structured interview was conducted and it is discovered that in
place of zero equivalent variants different strategies were provided by different
respondents to overcome the deficiency which target languages experience. Looking
for sameness of meaning during communications exposes insufficiency of words,
phrases and concepts in translating languages with different culture.
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Rydström, Johannes. "Translation of Bird Literature: A Translation Study Focusing on the Translation of Attributive Adjectives and Bird Terminology." Thesis, Linnaeus University, Linnaeus University, Linnaeus University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-7321.
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<p>This study investigates how best to solve difficulties that may arise when translating bird literature from English into Swedish. The focus of the study lies on the translation of attributive adjectives and bird terminology. The text chosen for the translation, which serves as the basis for the analysis, is the section on general habits of the <em>Turdidae-family </em>in the comprehensive work <em>Handbook of the Birds of the World. </em>Translation theory that proved helpful in the translation process and in the subsequent analysis was primarily that of Vinay and Darbelnet (1995, 2004), Nida (1964a) and Newmark (1981). In most cases a literal translation could be perfonned, both in regard to attributive adjectives and bird tenninology, however, in some cases other translation procedures, such as transposition and equivalence, proved useful. Attributive adjectives that could not be translated literally, or that were preferred not to be translated literally, were translated through the use of transposition, into for instance: compound nouns, prepositional phrases, relative clauses and <em>that-clauses. </em>Bird terminology for which no suitable corresponding terminology could be found in the target language, was translated non-literally through the use of equivalence, into structures maintaining the equivalent semantic meaning in a natural way.</p>
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Nykyri, Susanna. "Equivalence and translation strategies in multilingual thesaurus construction /." Åbo : Åbo akademis förlag, 2010. https://oa.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/59432/nykyri_susanna.pdf?sequence=1.
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Boykin, Charles Martin. "The Study of Translation Equivalence on Integer Lattices." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4345/.
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This paper is a contribution to the study of countable Borel equivalence relations on standard Borel spaces. We concentrate here on the study of the nature of translation equivalence. We study these known hyperfinite spaces in order to gain insight into the approach necessary to classify certain variables as either being hyperfinite or not. In Chapter 1, we will give the basic definitions and examples of spaces used in this work. The general construction of marker sets is developed in this work. These marker sets are used to develop several invariant tilings of the equivalence classes of specific variables . Some properties that are equivalent to hyperfiniteness in the certain space are also developed. Lastly, we will give the new result that there is a continuous injective embedding from certain defined variables.
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Andersson, Karin. "'Consider' and its Swedish equivalents in relation to machine translation." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-771.
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<p>This study describes the English verb ’consider’ and the characteristics of some of its senses. An investigation of this kind may be useful, since a machine translation program, SYSTRAN, has invariably translated ’consider’ with the Swedish verbs ’betrakta’ (Eng: ’view’, regard’) and ’anse’ (Eng: ’regard’). This handling of ’consider’ is not satisfactory in all contexts.</p><p>Since ’consider’ is a cogitative verb, it is fascinating to observe that both the theory of semantic primes and universals and conceptual semantics are concerned with cogitation in various ways. Anna Wierzbicka, who is one of the advocates of semantic primes and universals, argues that THINK should be considered as a semantic prime. Moreover, one of the prime issues of conceptual semantics is to describe how thoughts are constructed by virtue of e.g. linguistic components, perception and experience.</p><p>In order to define and clarify the distinctions between the different senses, we have taken advantage of the theory of mental spaces.</p><p>This thesis has been structured in accordance with the meanings that have been indicated in WordNet as to ’consider’. As a consequence, the senses that ’consider’ represents have been organized to form the subsequent groups: ’Observation’, ’Opinion’ together with its sub-group ’Likelihood’ and ’Cogitation’ followed by its sub-group ’Attention/Consideration’.</p><p>A concordance tool, http://www.nla.se/culler, provided us with 90 literary quotations that were collected in a corpus. Afterwards, these citations were distributed between the groups mentioned above and translated into Swedish by SYSTRAN.</p><p>Furthermore, the meanings as to ’consider’ have also been related to the senses, recorded by the FrameNet scholars. Here, ’consider’ is regarded as a verb of ’Cogitation’ and ’Categorization’.</p><p>When this study was accomplished, it could be inferred that certain senses are connected to specific syntactic constructions. In other cases, however, the distinctions between various meanings can only be explained by virtue of semantics.</p><p>To conclude, it appears to be likely that an implementation is facilitated if a specific syntactic construction can be tied to a particular sense. This may be the case concerning some meanings of ’consider’. Machine translation is presumably a much more laborious task, if one is solely governed by semantic conditions.</p>
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Prieto, Gastón. "”¿Me pasarías la blåbärssylt?” : Lexikaliskt inskott och genusval: hur infödda talare av spanska väljer grammatiskt genus när de skjuter in svenska substantiv i spanskt tal." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för tvåspråkighetsforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169410.
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När en infödd talare av spanska med hög behärskningsnivå i svenska samtalar med en annan individ med liknande språkbakgrund är det inte sällan fraser som ”¿me pasarías la blåbärssylt?” (”kan du skicka blåbärssylten, tack?”) uppstår. Lexikaliskt inskott (eng. noun insertion), d.v.s. att skjuta in substantiv från andraspråket i för övrigt förstaspråksdominerat tal, är ett vanligt förekommande fenomen hos tvåspråkiga. Men vad händer när de två samspelande språken har asymmetriska genussystem som spanskans och svenskans? Vilket spanskt grammatiskt genus ska man då tillskriva de inskjutna svenska enheterna som ”blåbärssylt” i rubriken? Och vad är det som styr dessa val? Två hypoteser ställs upp för att försöka få svar på dessa frågor: genusvalet styrs i större utsträckning av det inskjutna substantivets ändelsemorfem, eller så styrs det i större utsträckning av dess översättningsmotsvarighet. För att testa dessa två hypoteser genomfördes ett experiment med 30 infödda spansktalare med svenska som andraspråk där de ombads attribuera ett spanskt grammatiskt genus, maskulinum eller femininum, till en del svenska substantiv i två olika uppgifter, en lucktext och en ordlista. Resultaten visade att både de olika stimuliordens ändelsemorfem och översättningsmotsvarighet spelade en signifikativ roll för val av grammatiskt genus, och att översättningsmotsvarighet hade en relativt större påverkan på genusvalet jämfört med ändelsemorfem. Detta kan eventuellt peka på att genus hos infödda spansktalare upplevs som en inherent egenskap hos själva referenten, med påtagliga konsekvenser för hur de ser på och tänker kring omvärlden.
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Ngobeni, Mkateko Melidah. "An analysis of zero equivalence in the translation of scientific terms from English into Northern Sotho." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1130.
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Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2013<br>This study entails the translation of scientific terms from English into Northern Sotho. The reason one conducted this study is because translators experience difficulties in finding the correct equivalent terms, especially in Northern Sotho. Consequently, borrowing and transliteration of terms becomes their last resort. However, that does not help users of dictionaries to achieve their communicative goal. The study highlights that, the borrowing of terms leads to language shift and death as users no longer consider other equivalents. In addition, the study indicates that the constant usage of the borrowed terms causes the terms to lose meaning and function. The way in which people translate idiomatic expressions is a huge problem as well. Mostly, people end up using literal translation and subsequently, the whole meaning of a text is lost or misunderstood.
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Mphahlele, Motlokwe Clifford. "A model to achieve communicative equivalence in translation dictionaries." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52088.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.<br>Full text to be digitised and attached to bibliographic record.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Bilingual dictionaries often do not satisfy the requirements of the dictionary users because
they contain a relatively small percentage of articles displaying absolute equivalence between
the source and the target language. This impedes the users from retrieving the required
information. Communicative equivalence is a relation holding between source and target
language entries in translation dictionaries. A translation equivalent should not be seen as a
statement about the meaning of the lemma, but it should be regarded as an item that
represents the target language and can be used to translate a specific occurrence of the
source language item. If semantic and communicative equivalence do not hold between the
source and the target language dictionary users will not be able to use the target language
successfully. Instead of achieving communicative equivalence, the dictionary user is confused
and ends up using language in an unacceptable way. Relying on translation dictionaries to
improve their language skills and to learn more about the target language, dictionary users
often come across haphazardly arranged articles in dictionaries that do not lead to
communicative equivalence. In this case, the dictionary users are confused and end up using
language in an unacceptable way.
This thesis explores and investigates different ways to achieve communicative equivalence in
translation dictionaries. The research formulates some of the needed guidelines for the
lexicographers of translation dictionaries. It intends to assist lexicographers to compile useroriented
translation dictionaries that can foster multilingualism amongst the dictionary users.
As a result of this research, lexicographers will be able to compile translation dictionaries that
will assist dictionary users to achieve communicative success. These dictionaries will
establish semantic and communicative resemblance between the source and the target
language forms. As a lexicographic problem, communicative equivalence is being addressed
in the thesis and the researcher aims to make lexicographers aware of the mistakes in
translation dictionaries. The objective of the thesis is to help lexicographers with the
compilation of dictionaries where the users can achieve an optimal retrieval of information.
The research focuses on metalexicographic issues in order to enhance the quality of practical
lexicography. By doing so both the practical and theoretical lexicography can benefit from this
research.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tweetalige woordeboeke voldoen dikwels nie aan die behoeftes van hulle gebruikers nie
omdat hulle Onbeperkte aantal artikels bevat met absolute ekwivalensie tussen bron- en
doeltaal. Dit weerhou die gebruikers daarvan om die verlangde inligting te onttrek.
Kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie is onverhouding tussen die bron- en doeltaalinskrywings in
vertalende woordeboeke. OnVertaalekwivalent moet nie beskou word as Onuitspraak oor die
betekenis van die lemma nie maar dit moet gesien word as Onitem wat die doeltaal
verteenwoordig en wat gebruik kan word om onbepaalde optrede van die brontaalvorm te
vertaal. As semantiese en kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie nie tussen bron- en doeltaal
bestaan nie sal woordeboekgebruikers nie daartoe in staat wees om die doeltaal suksesvol te
gebruik nie. In stede daarvan om kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie te behaal, is die gebruiker
verward en gebruik hy taal op Ononaanvaarbare manier. Wanneer woordeboekgebruikers op
vertalende woordeboeke staatmaak om hulle taalgebruik te verbeter en meer oor die doeltaal
te leer, vind hulle dikwels arbitrêr geordende artikels in woordeboeke wat nie tot
kommunikatiewe ekwivalendie lei nie. Dit verwar gebruikers en lei tot foutiewe taalgebruik.
Hierdie tesis ondersoek verskillende maniere waarop kommunikatiewe ekwivalensie in
vertalende woordeboeke bereik kan word. Die navorsing lei tot die formulering van sommige
riglyne wat nodig is vir die opstellers van vertalende woordeboeke. Dit poog om leksikograwe
te help om gebruikersgerigte woordeboeke saam te stel wat veeltaligheid tussen die
gebruikers kan bevorder. As gevolg van hierdie navorsing sal leksikograwe daartoe in staat
wees om vertalende woordeboeke saam te stel wat gebruikers kan help om kommunikatiewe
ekwivalensie te bereik. Hierdie woordeboeke salon semantiese en kommunikatiewe
ooreenkoms tussen bron- en doeltaalvorme vestig. In hierdie tesis word kommunikatiewe
ekwivalensie as Onleksikografiese probleem behandel en die navorser poog om leksikograwe
bewus te maak van foute in vertalende woordeboeke. Die mikpunt van hierdie tesis is om
leksikograwe te help met die samestelling van woordeboeke waar gebruikers onoptimale
inligtingsherwinning kan behaal. Die navorsing fokus op metaleksikografiese aangeleenthede
ter wille van Onverhoging in die gehalte van die praktiese leksikografie. Sodoende kan sowel
die teoretiese as die praktiese leksikografie by hierdie navorsing baat vind.
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Narasamdya, Iman. "Establishing program equivalence in translation validation for optimizing compilers." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.677461.
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Gao, Z. M. "Automatic extraction of translation equivalents from a parallel Chinese - English corpus." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488455.
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Nichols, Anthony H. "Translating the Bible a critical analysis of E.A. Nida's theory of Dynamic Equivalence and its impact upon recent Bible translations /." Thesis, Available via Macquarie University ResearchOnline, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/79339.
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Nichols, Anthony Howard. "Translating the Bible : a critical analysis of E.A. Nida's theory of dynamic equivalence and its impact upon recent Bible translations." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5994/.
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Developments in translation theory have externalized processes used intuitively by translators for centuries. The literature on Bible translation in particular is dominated by Eugene A. Nida and his proteges whose work is informed by a wealth of intercultural experience. This thesis is a critique of the Dynamic Equivalence (DE) theory of translation propounded by Nida, exemplified in the Good News Bible, and promoted in non- Western languages by the United Bible Societies. Section I of the thesis surveys the history of translation, its theory and problems, and describes relevant developments in linguistics. Section II examines Nida's sociolinguistic model and his methods of grammatical and semantic analysis, transfer and restructuring. Section III focuses on the translation of seven texts representing different Bible genres into Septuagint Greek, English and Indonesian versions, noting the distinctive features of DE translations. Section IV takes up and examines key issues that have arisen: the nature of Biblical language, the handling of important Biblical motifs and technical terminology, and the implications of naturalness and explicitness in translation. Nida has provided excellent discussion on most translation problems, as well as useful tools for semantic analysis. However, the DE model is found to be defective for Bible translation. Firstly, it underestimates the intricate relationship of form and meaning in language. Secondly, while evaluation of translation must take account of its purpose and intended audience, 'equivalence' defined in terms of the receptor's reactions is impossible to measure, and blurs the distinction between 'translation’ and ‘communication'. Thirdly, the determinative role given to receptor response constantly jeopardizes the historical and cultural 'otherness' of the Biblical text. Finally the drive for explicitness guarantees that indigenous receptors must approach Scripture through a Western grid and denies them direct access to the Biblical universe of discourse.
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Draskau, Jennifer. "The quest for equivalence : on translating Villon /." København : [distr.] Atheneum, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37028577n.
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Koulikov, Mikhail. "Assessing Measurement Equivalence of the English and Spanish Versions on an Employee Attitude Survey Using Multigroup Analysis in Structural Equation Modeling." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4315/.
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The study utilized the covariance structure comparison methodology - Multigroup Analysis in Structural Equation Modeling - evaluating measurement equivalence of English and Spanish versions of an employee opinion survey. The concept of measurement equivalence was defined as consisting of four components: sample equivalence, semantic equivalence, conceptual equivalence and scalar equivalence. The results revealed that the two language versions of the survey exhibited acceptable measurement equivalence across five survey dimensions Communications, Supervision, Leadership, Job Content & Satisfaction and Company Image & Commitment. Contrary to the study second hypothesis, there was no meaningful difference in opinion scores between English-speaking and Spanish-speaking respondents on the latent construct of Job Content & Satisfaction.
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Tang, Beibei. "Feminist translation equivalence and norms : gender and female alienation in Chinese translation of Chinese American women's literature." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/53276/.
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Drawing on three Chinese translations each of Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club (1989) and The Kitchen God's Wife (1991), this project examines, from a feminist perspective, gender issues in Chinese translations of Chinese American women's literature, with special attention paid to the translators' gender consciousness and ideologies as reflected in their translations of 'female alienation'. Existing studies on Chinese American women's literature, in both America and mainland China, mainly address identity politics, culture, Orientalism, and feminism, and fail to consider the role of translation. This project, however, analyses both the feminist consciousness and the issues which are reflected in these two novels and in their Chinese translations. This project innovatively applies the feminist concept of 'female alienation' to literary translation studies. The concept of 'female alienation', which originates from Karl Marx's theory of labour alienation, is developed by Alison Jaggar through feminist discussions of women's oppression and subordinate status. Women in a patriarchal society are alienated by men's power and separated from their self and nature; this leads to their loss of subjectivity and independence. Jaggar believes that women are alienated in all aspects of their lives, particularly in their sexuality, motherhood, and intellectual capacities, and this project discusses the influence of race and self-Orientalization on that alienation. Indeed, it enriches Jaggar's concept of female alienation by adding sisterhood alienation. A new classification is then proposed to study different patterns of alienation and women's psychological experiences with it, both active and passive, as reflected in Tan's works and the Chinese translations of those works. In terms of translation studies, this project combines translation equivalence and norms theories with feminist translation theory; it proposes a set of feminist translation norms and a concept of feminist translation equivalence to study feminist translation in the Chinese context. Feminist translation norms include feminist preliminary, expectancy, operational, accountability, communication, and relation norms. It is the feminist preliminary and expectancy norms that are used to analyse the translators' motives, intentions, and expectations of their translation. The feminist operational norm is used to analyse the translation strategies adopted by the translators. The feminist accountability norm refers to feminist translation ethics of fidelity; that is, the translation must be faithful to the writer's, or the translator's, own feminist consciousness, thoughts, and intentions. The feminist communication norm means that translations convey the writer's, or translator's, own feminist thoughts to the maximum possible extent. The feminist relation norm means that the relationship between the translation and the source text is the feminist translation equivalence, which means that the feminist thoughts reflected by the words or expressions in the source text, or by the translators' own feminist thoughts, are "faithfully" represented in the translation, even if the translator does not use the precisely equivalent words or expressions to achieve linguistic equivalence. Comparing the Chinese translations in order to study the translators' translation behaviours and the effects of their translations, this project explores how the feminist consciousness and thoughts on female alienation of the source text are represented in the Chinese translations, and in what way the translations achieve (feminist) translation equivalence. Summarising the regularities of the translation behaviour of the translator subgroups, and the (feminist) translation equivalence the translations achieve, this project provides evidence that the feminist translation ethics of fidelity do not necessarily contradict the traditional translation ethics of fidelity which focuses on linguistic equivalence. Meanwhile, it also verifies that so-called "feminist translation strategies" actually refer to all translation strategies which help the translations achieve feminist translation equivalence. This corrects the research misconception concerning feminist translation strategies in mainland China. Finally, by examining the translators' motives and expectations, reflected in their paratexts as well as in the translations, this project summarises feminist translation norms in the Chinese context, and defines the role of gender in translating female alienation in the texts in question.
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Machali, Rochayah. "The occurrence of shifts and the question of equivalence in translation." Australia : Macquarie University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/44598.
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"March 1990".<br>Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, School of English & Linguistics, 1991.<br>Bibliography: leaves 219-221.<br>PART ONE: Research preliminaries -- The occurrence of shifts and the question of equivalence in translation -- Research methodology -- Theoretical orientation to the analysis of translation and texts -- The profile of major discourse types in Bahasa Indonesia -- PAERT TWO: Chapters of analysis -- The translation of procedural discourses -- The translation of hortatory discourses -- The translation of expository discourses -- The translation of narrative discourses -- PART THREE: Chapters of discussion -- Synthesis of translation shifts -- Translation types and translation equivalence at the textual level -- PART FOUR: Concluding chapter -- Conclusion and implications.<br>The study focuses on translation shifts, on their occurrence and their consequences, and especially how they relate to the question of equivalence in translation. For this purpose, eight Indonesian source language texts (SLTs) and eighty English translations (TLTs) were analysed, in terms of their, notional and prominent text features, rhetorical purpose, cohesion, topic-comment structures, and topical progression. The results of the analysis show how translators' behaviour and reactions to the SLTs vary, as indicated by divergencies in their translations. The variations indicate the kinds of shift fostered in the translation: obligatory and/or optional. -- Another fruit of the study is the identification of a number of shiftsensitive items in Indonesian grammar, such as /DI-/, /NG-/, /-LAH/. The textual effects of the shifts vary from the localized shift of interpersonal tenor to global shifts affecting text type and sub-type, and even to shifts of referential meaning. Although the shifts of text type and of sub-type show a tendency towards directness and neutrality, the shifts raise the question of whether or not the resulting TLTs can be considered as justified translations and as translation equivalences. The answer is the need to postulate a more flexible and wider view of equivalence, whilst setting up limits to acceptance of shifts which cause mistranslations, i.e shifts of referential meaning. This view provides a basis for distinguishing translation from adaptation and from mistranslation, a distinction which has hitherto been taken for granted in translation and in the training of translators. -- Appendices containing the TL texts (the SL texts are presented in each chapter of analysis) are presented at the back of the thesis. There is also a glossary of terms used in the study.<br>Mode of access: World Wide Web.<br>viii, 250 leaves
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VInter, Vanja. "Sex, slang and skopos : Analysing a translation of The Smart Bitches’ Guide to Romance." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85641.
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This paper analyses the translation methods used in translating a colloquial, culture-specific text containing allusions and informal language. The analysis focuses on the difficulties arising in the translation of culture-specific phenomena and aspects such as slang and cultural references as well as allusions and language play. The theoretical framework used for structuring the analysis is supported by the theories of Newmark (1988), Nida (1964), Schröter (2005), Reiss (1989), Pym (2010) and Leppihalme (1994), among others. The results indicate that the translation of culturally and connotatively charged words require knowledge and understanding of languages and cultures alike. Further, the results indicate that concept of a word or concept being ‘untranslatable’ may originate from such lack of understanding or knowledge and that further research on the subject is needed.
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Fails, Simone S. G. C. "Algumas Teorias da Tradução e Suas Implicações na Tradução do Conto "Mammon and the Archer" de O. Henry." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3871.
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This paper contains an overview of some of the main 20th Century tendencies in translation theory. It focus especially on matters of equivalence, dynamic equivalence, formal equivalence, skopos, abusive fidelity and foreignizing translation or resistant translation and their implications for actual translations. This paper also includes translations prepared according to the principles of abusive fidelity, equivalence and dynamic equivalence, which are compared and commented.
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Adams, Larry B. "Lexical equivalence in LXX Proverbs 1-9 a study in translation technique /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1992. http://www.tren.com.
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Pertu, Elena <1980>. "The problems of equivalence in advertising translation: examples from English and Russian." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3325/.
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The academic environment has recently recognized the importance and benefits that an extensive research on the translation of advertising can have for translation studies. Despite the growing interest and increasing research activity in the field it is still difficult to speak about a theory of advertising translation in general. There is a need for further study encompassing different languages and both heterogeneous and homogenous cultures that will give the possibility to receive a more complete map of what the translation of advertising is and should be. Previous studies have been concentrated, for the most part, on Western European language pairs. This study is a research into perfume and cosmetics print advertisements translated from English into Russian where both visual and verbal elements are considered. Three broad translation approaches have been identified in what concerns the verbal message: Translated message, parallel translation, recreated adverts, and three approaches in dealing with the image: similar images, modified images, completely different images. The thesis shows that where Russian advertisements for perfume products tend to have a message, or create one, this is often lacking in the English copy. The article ends by suggesting that perfume advertisements favor the standardization approach when entering Russian market. The attempts to localize the advert have also been noticed although they are obviously less numerous in perfume adverts and are rather instances of adaptation - a mix between the localization and standardization approaches since they keep drawing on the same globally accepted universals about female beauty and concern for ‘woman’s identity’ (we focused our analysis on products designed for female consumers). This study, complementing previous studies, aims to be a contribution to the description of laws and strategies that guide the translation of advertising texts into Russian.
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Krein-Kuhle, M. "Equivalence in scientific and technical translation : a text-in-context-based study." Thesis, University of Salford, 2003. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14846/.
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Scientific and technical translation has always played a pivotal role in disseminating knowledge. Today, the domain of science and technology is the main area of translation work. Nevertheless, there is still a discrepancy between the growing need for high-quality technical translations and the short supply of competent technical translators to produce them, a situation which may be due in part to the recent neglect of the equivalence concept in the theoretical/descriptive and applied branches of translation studies (TS). This thesis sets out to redefine, reassess, and reinstate equivalence as a useflul concept in TS by adopting an approach based on the English-German language pair and on one specific text genre and type. The investigation of equivalence as a qualitative complete-text-in-context-based concept is embedded in an equivalence-relevant methodology based on two methodological pillars, the first being a theoretically sound translation comparison and the second a highly refined translation corpus. Within this methodological framework, equivalence-relevant features are investigated and described at the syntactic, lexical-semantic, terminological-phraseological and overall textual levels. These levels are hierarchically interrelated in descending and ascending order and may be conditioned by pragmatic aspects, viz., domain knowledge and register considerations. The comparison is made using a high-quality corpus selected on the basis of a threefold set of selection criteria, with a special emphasis on the qualitative criteria. This helps us generate well-underpinned intersubjectifiable regularities in the form of potential equivalents established in the TT for ST equivalence-relevant features and enables us to obtain meaningful generalizations. Both regularities and generalizations should be capable of implementation in the applied branches of TS and, at the same time, help dynamize and intersubjectify the complex concept of equivalence. So, hopefully, this thesis will also contribute toward creating a link between the methodological, theoretical/descriptive and applied branches of TS to their mutual benefit.
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Mehawesh, Mohammad <1975>. "The notion of equivalence and lexical cohesion in the translation of political speeches." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3249/.
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This dissertation investigates the notion of equivalence with particular reference to lexical cohesion in the translation of political speeches. Lexical cohesion poses a particular challenge to the translators of political speeches and thus preserving lexical cohesion elements as one of the major elements of cohesion is undoubtedly crucial to their translation equivalence. We rely on Halliday’s (1994) classification of lexical cohesion which comprises: repetition, synonymy, antonymy, meronymy and hyponymy. Other traditional models of lexical cohesion are examined. We include Grammatical Parallelism for its role in creating textual semantic unity which is what cohesion is all about.
The study shed light on the function of lexical cohesion elements as rhetorical device. The study also deals with lexical problems resulting from the transfer of lexical cohesion elements from the SL into the TL, which is often beset by many problems that most often result from the differences between languages. Three key issues are identified as being fundamental to equivalence and lexical cohesion in the translation of political speeches: sociosemiotic approach, register analysis, rhetoric, and poetic function.
The study also investigates the lexical cohesion elements in the translation of political speeches from English into Arabic, Italian and French in relation to ideology, and its control, through bias and distortion. The findings are discussed, implications examined and topics for further research suggested.
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Melick, Christina M. "The Impact of Translation Theory on the Development of Contextual Theology." University of Toledo Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=uthonors1243909871.
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Abu, Ain Sana Ahmad Abdul-Aziz. "Equivalence in translating metaphors and idioms in King Hussein's political speeches." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9158/.
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This study deals with equivalence in the translation from Arabic to English of metaphors and idioms in the political speeches of King Hussein of Jordan. It argues that intertextuality and ideology are of paramount significance when translating culture-bound metaphorical expressions in Arabic political speeches and that dealing with these phenomena is unavoidable if translators wish to render the intended cultural meaning of the Arabic metaphor. This study draws on a data sample selected from thirty speeches originally delivered in Arabic by King Hussein and their English translations. Using Newmark’s (1988) typology of culture those examples involving metaphorical expressions have been categorized under the headings of (1) religious culture; (2) social culture; (3) political culture; and (4) material and ecological cultures. The study stresses the importance of grasping the intertextuality, emotiveness, and ideology embedded in Arabic political speeches when attempting to translate the metaphorical expressions they contain into English.
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Rolén, Harriet. "Erlkönigin und Eppelmann : Zur Übersetzung von Bildsprache und kulturspezifischen Elementen in einem politischen Text." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28879.
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Mankayi, Mthobeli Emmanuel Siwaphiwe. "The accuracy and equivalence of translated news from English to isiXhosa." University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8230.
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Magister Artium - MA<br>This study evaluates the accuracy and equivalence of translated news from English to isiXhosa version in four community radio stations, two from the Western Cape and two from the Eastern Cape. Community radio stations source their local news through interviews and eye witness accounts. They get other news-worthy stories through media releases from Government Communication and Information System (GCIS), Police stations, Municipalities, Royal houses and from the office of the president. Most of the time, media releases are written in English and they have to be translated into isiXhosa as they use a high percentage of isiXhosa as a medium of their broadcasting.
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Danheden, Robert. "Into the Cosmos : A Translation Study of Astronomical Proportions Focusing on Terminology, Additions and Omissions." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2438.
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<p>The intention of this essay is to illustrate and describe various means to overcome some of the difficulties that any translator dealing with technical translations at some point or another would come upon – presented in a qualitative analysis. The text under analysis is a chapter called Into the Cosmos and is part of the book Planet Quest – The Epic Discovery of Alien Solar Systems by the American astronomer Ken Croswell. The analysis specifically focuses on terminology and two aspects that usually are part of the cultural adaptation of a text; namely additions and omissions. However, in this essay they help adapting the text towards a new target audience not so much because of culture, but rather because of my decision to fully disconnect the text from the context in which it previously functioned. And because of this, the target text was in the end given more of an educational character compared to the source text.</p>
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Gomes, Luís Manuel dos Santos. "Parallel texts alignment." Master's thesis, FCT - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/2051.
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Trabalho apresentado no âmbito do Mestrado em Engenharia Informática, como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática<br>Alignment of parallel texts (texts that are translation of each other) is a required step for many applications that use parallel texts, including statistical machine translation, automatic extraction of translation equivalents, automatic creation of concordances, etc.
This dissertation presents a new methodology for parallel texts alignment that departs from previous work in several ways. One important departure is a shift of goals concerning the use of lexicons for obtaining correspondences between the texts. Previous methods try to infer a bilingual lexicon as part of the alignment process and use it to obtain correspondences between the texts. Some of those methods can use external lexicons to complement the inferred one,
but they tend to consider them as secondary. This dissertation presents several arguments supporting the thesis that lexicon inference should not be embedded in the alignment process. The method described complies with this statement and relies exclusively on externally managed lexicons to obtain correspondences. Moreover, the algorithms presented can handle very large lexicons containing terms of arbitrary length.
Besides the exclusive use of external lexicons, this dissertation presents a new method for obtaining correspondences between translation equivalents found in the texts. It uses a decision criteria based on features that have been overlooked by prior work.
The proposed method is iterative and refines the alignment at each iteration. It uses the
alignment obtained in one iteration as a guide to obtaining new correspondences in the next iteration, which in turn are used to compute a finer alignment. This iterative scheme allows the method to correct correspondence errors from previous iterations in face of new information.
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Santos, Rafael Lamonatto dos. "(Re)conhecendo a poética do traduzir: temas da tradução revisitados." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/173816.
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Esta dissertação se insere no contexto do debate em torno da tradução e apresenta dois objetivos: o primeiro, mais geral, é fazer o (re)conhecimento da poética do traduzir, projeto teórico do pensador francês Henri Meschonnic (1932-2009); o segundo, mais específico, é revisitar, a partir desse (re)conhecimento da poética do traduzir, três temas clássicos no debate em torno da tradução à luz dessa teoria, a saber, a própria tradução, a fidelidade e a equivalência. Justifica-se a inserção desta discussão no debate sobre a tradução pelo fato de a poética do traduzir apresenta um posicionamento bastante distinto daqueles mais reconhecidos hoje tanto na discussão acadêmica quanto no senso comum sobre o que é a tradução. Isso se deve ao fato de a poética do traduzir supor e indicar uma reflexão sobre a linguagem que modifica a visão do traduzir. A linguagem, no âmbito poético, não é tomada a partir dos termos comuns da língua (como forma e sentido, por exemplo), que representam uma visão redutora da linguagem, descontínua por natureza. Pelo contrário, a poética do traduzir situa a tradução – e a própria linguagem – no terreno do discurso, que é da ordem do contínuo, e, por aí, modifica o pensamento sobre o que é a linguagem e, consequentemente, o que é o traduzir. Desse modo, esta dissertação apresenta, inicialmente, as bases do pensamento poético, que dizem respeito a uma visão não-redutora da linguagem. Nesse contexto, a leitura meschonniquiana dos pensamentos de Wilhelm von Humboldt, Ferdinand de Saussure e Émile Benveniste é apresentada para embasar essa visão não-redutora. A partir dessa construção, passo aos elementos da poética do traduzir para que se faça claro o posicionamento teórico que Meschonnic apresenta para debater a tradução. Esse é um ponto de extrema relevância pois indica como funciona o sistema do pensamento poético, permitindo seu (re)conhecimento. Por fim, a discussão final se dá como consequência das reflexões anteriores. Se a poética modifica o saber sobre o traduzir, cumpre demonstrar como isso se dá em comparação com o pensamento sobre os temas propostos a partir da visão da Tradutologia para que se compreenda como a poética do traduzir introduz elementos que renovam o debate em torno desses temas comumente difundidos em discussões dessa natureza.<br>This dissertation is inserted in the context of the debate regarding translation and has two objectives: the first, more general, is to make the (re)acknowledgement of the poetics of translating, the theoretical project of the French thinker Henri Meschonnic (1932-2009); the second, more specific, is to revisit, based on this (re)acknowledgment of the poetics of translating, three classic themes in the debate regarding translation in the light of this theory, namely: translation itself, fidelity and equivalence. The insertion of this discussion in the debate about translation is justified by the fact that the poetics of translating presents a different point of view from those most recognized today in both academic discussion and common sense about what translation is. This is due to the fact that the poetics of translating assumes and indicates a reflection on language that modifies the idea of translating. Language, in the poetic scope, is not regarded by the common terms of a language (such as form and meaning, for example), which represent a reductive view of language, discontinuous in nature. On the contrary, the poetics of translating places translation – and language itself – in the field of discourse, which is of the order of the continuum, hence modifying the general idea about what language is, and consequently what is there to translate. In this way, this dissertation presents initially the bases of the poetic thought, which concern a non-reductive view of language. In this context, the meschonniquian reading of the ideas of Wilhelm von Humboldt, Ferdinand de Saussure and Émile Benveniste is presented to support this non-reductive view of language. From this construction, I turn to the elements of the poetics of translating so that the theoretical positioning that Meschonnic presents to discuss translation becomes clear. This is a point of extreme relevance because it indicates how the system of poetic thinking works, allowing its (re)acknowledgement. Lastly, the final discussion comes as a consequence of these previous reflections. If poetics modifies the knowledge about translation, it is necessary to demonstrate how this is done in comparison with the ideas about the themes proposed from the point of view of Traductology so that one understands how the poetics of translating introduces elements that renew the debate around these subjects commonly disseminated in discussions of this nature.
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Meso, Tlou Phestus. "Language dynamism in English-Northern Sotho/Northern Sotho-English bilingual dictionaries : a case of translation equivalence." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1511.
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Thesis (M. A. (Translation and Linguistics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016<br>This study reveals that language dynamisms affect the compilation of Northern Sotho – English bilingual dictionaries. In this regard, the study shows that the role of translation equivalence cannot be taken for granted. To fully grasp what translation equivalence entails, the study compared formal equivalence with dynamic equivalence. Although there are merits in adopting foreign terms and concepts, the study investigates the problem lexicographers and terminologists of English–Northern Sotho or Northern Sotho–English bilingual dictionaries encounter and suggests possible solutions. Different strategies and procedures for dealing with non-equivalence between the source and target languages are also discussed.
Lastly, the study recommends that language dynamism is inevitable if Northern Sotho is to thrive as one of the functional languages in the world. The consequences of shunning dynamism are dire as this might lead to language death.
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Löfgren, Kristina. "Terminology, proper nouns and adaption : A translation study of three sports texts." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-37523.
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This term paper concerns the translation of three sports texts from English to Swedish. The main aim of the paper was to show which procedures that were used when translating sports terminology and proper nouns. A secondary aim was to look at challenges involved in the translation process, namely, adapting the translations to a new target audience and making sure the target text is up-to-date. The method used in the term paper included a couple of steps. The first one was to select primary sources. The material chosen for this study was three articles about the world’s best football or rugby players. Once the translation was accomplished, the second step was to choose examples from the target text on which the analyses could be based. At this stage, it was mostly the hard-to-translate terms and proper nouns, which were chosen. Finally, the mentioned challenges were analysed and the outcome was presented in a qualitative study. To support the analyses various secondary sources were used. The study showed that Ingo’s strategies were applicable while translating proper nouns. Also Ingo’s other guidelines regarding additions and omissions turned out to be useful. On the other hand, Vinay & Darbelnet’s models were helpful when handling sports terminology.
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Kim, Hyeon Ju. "Métaphore et Traduction : pour une étude épistémologique de la traductologie." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA012.
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Durant ces dernières décennies, la traductologie a connu un essor remarquable. En côtoyant des disciplines voisines, elle a élargi ses champs d’investigation. Ainsi le champ conceptuel de la traduction s’étend-il désormais à divers domaines bien au-delà du transfert interlinguistique. Or, dans ce champ d’étude complexe où se croisent de multiples approches, il n’existe guère de consensus au sein de la traductologie et l’expansion de la notion de traduction risque de provoquer la dilution de son objet d’étude.Face à cette situation, la nécessité de mener des réflexions épistémologiques se manifeste au sein de la discipline. Dans cette mouvance, ce travail se propose d’étudier sur un terrain commun différentes positions théoriques sur l’activité de la traduction en revisitant les lieux de convergence entre métaphore et traduction, qui nouent un lien étroit sur le plan historique et conceptuel dans l’espace culturel de l’Occident. Pour cette analyse critique et métathéorique, les métaphores deviennent tantôt un instrument cognitif permettant de comprendre l’acte de traduire, tantôt un procédé argumentatif visant à imposer de nouveaux modèles théoriques, tantôt l’objet de la traduction, tantôt le miroir des théories de la traduction<br>Over the last few decades, remarkable headway has been made in Translation Studies. Interaction withother neighboring disciplines has made Translation Studies expand its field of investigation. In particular,the conceptual field of translation reached an extensive area well beyond the interlingual transfer. Yet, acomplex picture of discipline that consists of multiple approaches reveals that there is little consensusamong scholars in the field of Translation Studies. Moreover, the expansion of the notion of translationmay seem obscure the main subject of study. Given this situation, there is a greater need to undertake theepistemological reflections within the discipline.In line with this, this thesis proposes to investigate on a common ground between various theoreticalpositions on the translation activity by revisiting the points of convergence between metaphor andtranslation that are closely linked, both historically and conceptually in the domain of Western culture.For this critical and meta-theoretical analysis, the metaphor take many different forms including cognitivetool to provide the understanding of the act of translation, argumentative method to impose newtheoretical models, the object of translation, and the mirror of translation theories
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Daugėlaitė, Vytautė. "Translation of Culture-Specific Drink and Food Items in “Blackberry Wine” by Joanne Harris." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080805_133044-81256.
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The Master of Arts thesis “Translation of Culture-Specific Drink and Food Items in “Blackberry Wine” by Joanne Harris” presents the analysis of translation strategies applied in translating cultural realia, namely drink and food references in Milda Dyke’s Lithuanian translation of "Blackberry Wine", as well as a short analysis of the translation strategies and their function.
The consideration of different translation strategies that were proposed by prominent scholars, such as Mona Baker (1992), Javier-Franco Aixelá and Eirlys E.Davies (2003) in translation studies, and the analysis of the strategies employed by the translator Milda Dyke translating the novel "Blackberry Wine" into Lithuanian are discussed in this thesis. Theoretical aspects are applied in the analytical part, taking into account the most frequent strategies employed for the translation of culture-specific drink and food entities by the translator and the comment on these choices exhibits peculiar cultural aspects. Futhermore, the ways how to handle problems related to the translation of culture-specific drink and food items from English into Lithuanian are analyzed and presented in the analytical part.
This paper investigates the two major groups of cultural references, specifically the names of food and drink items, which frequently cause rather complex and sometimes controversial issues while translating literary works. The translation of culture-specific drink and food entities involve the employment of... [to full text]<br>Šio magistrinio darbo „Gėrimų ir valgių pavadinimų vertimas Joanne Harris romane „Gervuogių vynas” į lietuvių kalbą” tikslas yra išanalizuoti vertimo strategijų pritaikymą gėrimų ir valgių kultūriniams pavadinimams vertime iš anglų kalbos, taip pat pateikiama išsami šių vertimo strategijų ir jų atliekamų funkcijų analizė.
Darbe nagrinėjama skirtingos vertimo strategijos, kurios buvo pateikiamos vertimo srityje tokių žinomų mokslininkų kaip Mona Baker (1992), Javier-Franco Aixelá, Eirlys E.Davies (2003). Be to, analizuojama vertėjos Mildos Dyke vartojamos vertimo strategijos į lietuvių kalbą. Teoriniai aspektai analizuojami praktinėje darbo dalyje, atsižvelgiant į dažniausiai vartojamų vertimo strategijų pritaikymą verčiant kultūrinius gėrimų ir valgių pavadinimus bei pastarųjų būdingas savybes verčiant į tikslinę kalbą. Praktinėje dalyje pateikiami vertimo sunkumai ir jų sprendimo būdai pritaikyti verčiant kultūrines realijas.
Analizuojamos dvi pagrindinės kultūrinių gėrimų ir valgių denotatų grupės, kurias verčiant sprendžiami sudėtingi ir kartais polemiški klausimai literatūriniuose kūriniuose. Verčiant minėtas realijų grupes yra taikomos įvairios vertimo strategijos, iš kurių pabrėžiamos pačios dažniausios, veiksmingiausios.
Šiame darbe yra dvi dalys: teorinė ir praktinė. Teorinėje dalyje pateikiami pagrindiniai darbo uždaviniai, tikslas, metodai, vertimo pavyzdžiai, taip pat aptariami pagrindiniai ekvivalentiškumo klausimai vertimo teorijoje, skirtingi ekvivalentiškumo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Granlund, Ann-Louise. "Comparing Emotional Intensity Between Languages: A parallel corpus Investigation on the Swedish word Njuta and its English equivalents." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22490.
Full textAbstract:
Denna uppsats utforskar känslomässigt semantiska skillnader mellan ordet "njuta" och dess engelska motsvarigheter. Genom en empirisk engelsk-svensk parallell-corpus undersökning kommer jag försöka visa variationen i semantisk definition i ordets användning. Syftet är att demonstrera, i enlighet med min hypotes, att de engelska motsvarigheterna till det svenska ordet "njuta" är mindre känslomässigt laddade och att det svenska ordet är mera intensivt och semantiskt starkare än engelskans "enjoy".<br>This paper seeks to investigate the emotional semantic differences between the Swedish word "njuta" and its English equivalents. As a Swede, when attempting to describe the word "njuta", the first natural description is to have feelings of lust, or to experience something with passion. The most common translation of the word into English is "enjoy" , and the first natural description of this word is for me to like something, or to find pleasure in it. The words that I have chosen to investigate have a wider meaning apart from simply experiencing feelings of pleasure to different degrees. They are also used in connection with having something, possessing, valuing, or consuming something . By an English-Swedish Parallel Corpus investigation I will try to show the variety of semantic definitions of usage of the word. The aim and scope of this paper is to demonstrate, in accordance with my hypothesis, how the English equivalents of the Swedish word njuta carry less emotional value, and that the Swedish word is more intense and semantically stronger than the English enjoy.
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Cacia, Eleonora. "Äquivalenz in der Übersetzungswissenschaft : Mit Schwerpunkt auf ENG-DE Übersetzung." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Tyska, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34938.
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The term equivalence comes from the Latin word "aequivalentia" and means equivalence. "Aequus" stands for equal and "valere" for worth. So two objects are equivalent if they have the same value. Equivalence plays an important role in translation science. "Translation science deals with the process of translation, i.e. the process that leads from a written source language text (ST text) to a written target language text (TL text), the translation Therefore, a TL (target language) text must be equivalent to the original ST (source language) text. However, a perfect equivalent transmission of the message in the target language is not always so easy to achieve, because languages differ at different levels. The languages reflect your own culture, way of seeing, expression, grammar and syntax. When you try to adapt these elements to a new language, it often happens that the equivalence is not achieved due to this heterogeneity and diversity. If you don't achieve them, it is not a translation but a text reproduction or text production that is not the same is worth to the original text. That is why the search for real equivalence has occupied various translators and scientists for years. They have defined various equivalence criteria that can be helpful for an accurate translation. For all these reasons, it is essential to achieve the correct equivalence when translating. This thesis researches the concept of equivalence in order to better understand it and then use it in practice, namely when translating.
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Malindi, Nokuthula Yvonne. "Solving problems of non-equivalence when translating highly technical texts into an African Language : the translation of chemistry terms into isiZulu for a quadrilingual explanatory dictionary of chemistry (English Afrikaans isiZulu Sepedi)." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53432.
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The focus of this study is on solving non-equivalence problems when translating a highly technical text. This study investigates the term formation strategies used in providing the isiZulu term translation equivalents of 50 English chemistry dictionary entries and their definitions into isiZulu, totalling approximately 1 109 source text terms. This dictionary is a Quadrilingual Explanatory Dictionary for Chemistry (QEDC) comprises four languages, which are English, Afrikaans, Pedi and Zulu. I am providing and investigating the isiZulu translation equivalents only.
The term list/DIY glossary was created using English chemistry terms excerpted manually from 50 chemistry dictionary entries definitions and terms collected from a ?keywords list. The keyword list was extracted from the source text semi-automatically using WordSmith Tools (a corpus query tool). This term list/DYI glossary was provided with isiZulu translation equivalents from the existing general isiZulu dictionaries and terminology lists.
Due to the problem of non-equivalence between English and isiZulu, only 30% of translation equivalents could be found in the existing sources referred to above.
The next step was therefore to collaborate with a chemistry specialist/expert, who is an isiZulu mother-tongue speaker, to try to find and/or create suitable translation equivalents for those terms that did not have ready translation equivalents which could not be found in the written sources referred to above. By consulting with the specialist/expert, the newly coined/created isiZulu terms could be ?legitimised . The term list/DIY glossary was then used for the translation of the source text. Before these translation term equivalents could be used for translating the source text, they were then back translated for validation reasons, i.e. to identify vagueness in the equivalents provided, as these are technical terms. For the translation of the source text, it was necessary to determine which of the various isiZulu translation equivalents for a particular SL term should be selected for use in the translation task. The consolidated term list/glossary was used not only as a DIY glossary/term list to translate the source text, but was also used in this study as terminological data in an analysis of the term formation strategies applicable and used in finding isiZulu translation equivalents for the English chemistry terms. The various strategies used were identified with reference to the term formation strategies listed by Baker (1992: 26 41), and Mtintsilana and Morris (1998: 110 112). The frequency of use of these term formation strategies applied to the translation task at hand were subsequently broadly analysed statistically.
The study uncovered a number of term formation strategies used in providing the various isiZulu chemistry translation equivalents. These strategies include the use of loan words, paraphrasing, transliteration, semantic shift, compounding, etc.
It was also clear from the term selection for use in the translation of the ST that both the translator and subject field specialist/expert preferred directly insertable translation equivalents rather than, for example, paraphrases, which could be cumbersome.
The predominance of borrowing as a term formation strategy can probably be ascribed to the highly technical nature of the ST. It is, however, heartening to note that after borrowing, the most preferred strategy is the use of ready translatable equivalents, i.e. indigenous isiZulu terms.
However, the practice of borrowing as a term formation strategy has a negative impact on the one-to-one relationship of a concept and its term, since a borrowed term does not assist in concept formation and the user s understanding the concept. I am of the opinion that this state of affairs is a result of the slow process in the standardisation of isiZulu terms, particularly in highly technical fields such as the field of chemistry.<br>Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.<br>African Languages<br>MA<br>Unrestricted
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Fomicheva, Marina. "The Role of human reference translation in machine translation evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404987.
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Both manual and automatic methods for Machine Translation (MT) evaluation heavily rely on professional human translation. In manual evaluation, human translation is often used instead of the source text in order to avoid the need for bilingual speakers, whereas the majority of automatic evaluation techniques measure string similarity between MT output and a human translation (commonly referred to as candidate and reference translations), assuming that the closer they are, the higher the MT quality. In spite of the crucial role of human reference translation in the assessment of MT quality, its fundamental characteristics have been largely disregarded. An inherent property of professional translation is the adaptation of the original text to the expectations of the target audience. As a consequence, human translation can be rather different from the original text, which, as will be shown throughout this work, has a strong impact on the results of MT evaluation. The first goal of our research was to assess the effects of using human translation as a benchmark for MT evaluation. To achieve this goal, we started with a theoretical discussion of the relation between original and translated texts. We identified the presence of optional translation shifts as one of the fundamental characteristics of human translation. We analyzed the impact of translation shifts on automatic and manual MT evaluation showing that in both cases quality assessment is strongly biased by the reference provided. The second goal of our work was to improve the accuracy of automatic evaluation in terms of the correlation with human judgments. Given the limitations of reference-based evaluation discussed in the first part of the work, instead of considering different aspects of similarity we focused on the differences between MT output and reference translation searching for criteria that would allow distinguishing between acceptable linguistic variation and deviations induced by MT errors. In the first place, we explored the use of local syntactic context for validating the matches between candidate and reference words. In the second place, to compensate for the lack of information regarding the MT segments for which no counterpart in the reference translation was found, we enhanced reference-based evaluation with fluency-oriented features. We implemented our approach as a family of automatic evaluation metrics that showed highly competitive performance in a series of well-known MT evaluation campaigns.<br>Tanto los métodos manuales como los automáticos para la evaluación de la Traducción Automática (TA) dependen en gran medida de la traducción humana profesional. En la evaluación manual, la traducción humana se utiliza a menudo en lugar del texto original para evitar la necesidad de hablantes bilingües, mientras que la mayoría de las técnicas de evaluación automática miden la similitud entre la TA y una traducción humana (comúnmente llamadas traducción candidato y traducción de referencia), asumiendo que cuanto más cerca están, mayor es la calidad de la TA. A pesar del papel fundamental que juega la traducción de referencia en la evaluación de la calidad de la TA, sus características han sido en gran parte ignoradas. Una propiedad inherente de la traducción profesional es la adaptación del texto original a las expectativas del lector. Como consecuencia, la traducción humana puede ser bastante diferente del texto original, lo cual, como se demostrará a lo largo de este trabajo, tiene un fuerte impacto en los resultados de la evaluación de la TA. El primer objetivo de nuestra investigación fue evaluar los efectos del uso de la traducción humana como punto de referencia para la evaluación de la TA. Para lograr este objetivo, comenzamos con una discusión teórica sobre la relación entre textos originales y traducidos. Se identificó la presencia de cambios de traducción opcionales como una de las características fundamentales de la traducción humana. Se analizó el impacto de estos cambios en la evaluación automática y manual de la TA demostrándose en ambos casos que la evaluación está fuertemente sesgada por la referencia proporcionada. El segundo objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue mejorar la precisión de la evaluación automática medida en términos de correlación con los juicios humanos. Dadas las limitaciones de la evaluación basada en la referencia discutidas en la primera parte del trabajo, en lugar de enfocarnos en la similitud, nos concentramos en el impacto de las diferencias entre la TA y la traducción de referencia buscando criterios que permitiesen distinguir entre variación lingüística aceptable y desviaciones inducidas por los errores de TA. En primer lugar, exploramos el uso del contexto sintáctico local para validar las coincidencias entre palabras candidato y de referencia. En segundo lugar, para compensar la falta de información sobre los segmentos de la TA para los cuales no se encontró ninguna relación con la traducción de referencia, introdujimos características orientadas a la fluidez de la TA en la evaluación basada en la referencia. Implementamos nuestro enfoque como una familia de métricas de evaluación automática que mostraron un rendimiento altamente competitivo en una serie de conocidas campañas de evaluación de la TA.
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Minchin, Carolina Ribeiro. "Equivalência é tudo igual? Reconsideração da Equivalência de Koller à luz da tradução das cores em Buddenbrooks, de Thomas Mann." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8144/tde-21022019-124515/.
Full textAbstract:
O tema da presente dissertação é a noção de Equivalência (Äquivalenz) de Werner Koller. Frequentemente atrelado às abordagens linguísticas à tradução, que, na segunda metade do século XX, buscaram conferir à pesquisa em tradução o estatuto de ciência, o conceito de equivalência foi alçado à condição de princípio teórico que garantiria a objetividade exigida das disciplinas que aspirassem à cientificidade. Para isso, porém, adotouse uma concepção abstrata e artificial de equivalência, que relegava o tradutor ao lugar de mero reprodutor de conteúdos pré-fixados pelo autor do original. Com o surgimento de novas vertentes de pesquisa no âmbito dos estudos de tradução, tais pressupostos foram postos em xeque, o que levou ao descarte e à estigmatização dessa noção. Se tomarmos por base a oposição elucidada por Kopetzki (1996), tal virada nos estudos de tradução pode ser interpretada como um movimento de concepções universalistas para concepções relativistas de língua e tradução, que rejeitam a ideia de tradução como transporte de significados imobilizados a priori. Diante disso, o objetivo desta pesquisa é demonstrar que a Equivalência de Koller não está calcada no universalismo que serve de base a outros modelos de equivalência tradutória, e que a noção defendida pelo autor tem validade prática, na medida em que funciona como um conceito operacional para tradutores profissionais e estudiosos da tradução. O presente trabalho se divide em duas grandes partes: a primeira é de caráter teórico e se destina à apresentação e à análise de trechos selecionados da obra de Koller, ainda inédita em português, a fim de evidenciar o caráter antiuniversalista de seus pressupostos; na segunda parte, mais voltada à prática, proponho uma maneira de aplicar seu conceito de Equivalência a um par de textos empíricos. O corpus que serve de base ao exemplo de aplicação é composto das ocorrências de cores presentes no romance Buddenbrooks: Verfall einer Familie (1909), de Thomas Mann, e na sua tradução para o português, de autoria de Herbert Caro e publicada no Brasil sob o título Os Buddenbrook: decadência duma família (1942).<br>The topic of this dissertation is Werner Kollers notion of equivalence (Äquivalenz). Often associated with the linguistic approaches to translation, which, in the second half of the 20th century, sought to make a scientific discipline out of the subject, equivalence turned into the one theoretical principle that would presumably guarantee the objectivity expected of any aspiring science. The consequence, however, was an abstract and artificial concept of equivalence, which portrayed translators as mere reproducers of contents that had been predetermined by the original author. With the advent of new research branches in the field of Translation Studies, such assumptions were called into question, which led to the discard and stigmatization of the concept. Bearing in mind the opposition brought to light by Kopetzki (1996), such a turn in Translation Studies may be interpreted as a move away from universalistic conceptions and a step towards relativistic conceptions of language and translation, which reject the idea of translation as the transport of pre-existing meanings. In view of that, the aim of this research is to demonstrate that Kollers Äquivalenz is not based upon the universalism that characterizes other theoretical frameworks to translation equivalence and can therefore be considered of practical relevance, inasmuch as it functions as an operational concept to professional translators and translation scholars. The present dissertation is divided in two main parts: the first part is of theoretical nature and is dedicated to the presentation and analysis of selected passages from Kollers work, still unedited in Portuguese, in order to demonstrate the antiuniversalistic character of his premises; in the second, more practice-oriented part, I propose a way of applying his concept of Equivalence to a pair of empirical texts. The corpus upon which this application example is based consists of instances of colour names found in the novel Buddenbrooks: Verfall einer Familie (1909), by Thomas Mann, and its translation to Portuguese, written by Herbert Caro and published in Brazil under the title Os Buddenbrook: decadência duma família (1942).
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Mårtensson, Mia. "Warum kann für Bienen, Bienenkörbe, Immen und Bienenschwärme die gleiche Übersetzung gewählt werden? : Eine Übersetzungsanalyse anhand von Kollers (2011) Äquivalenztypen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-31289.
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The concept of equivalence can be said to hold a central position in translation studies. In this particular thesis, different aspects of the equivalence concept are discussed on the basis of five German source texts and their respective Swedish translations. The source texts are situated within the field of beekeeping and were first published in Deutsches Bienenjournal and translated for the Swedish magazine Bitidningen. The equivalence theory presented by the translation theorist Werner Koller (2011) forms the basis of the analysis. Koller distinguishes five different types of equivalence: denotative, connotative, text-normative, pragmatic and formal-aesthetic equivalence. Koller’s equivalence concept is presented and discussed with a selection of illustrative examples displaying translation problems which arose during the translation of the source texts. In the thesis, special attention is paid to when and how the different equivalence aspects were considered. Specifically, it is made evident that sometimes very different translation solutions can be justified depending on which equivalence aspect the translator finds the most important in the current case. In addition, it is argued that the translator has to establish a hierarchy of the most important values of equivalence in each different translation case and for each different target text in order to make the most suitable translation decision. It is also stated that Koller’s theory is very useful for the translator when making decisions in difficult cases and, furthermore, that all of Koller’s five types of equivalence were relevant for the translation decision-making process.
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Moreira, Tarsilio Soares. "Os salmos na NTLH: uma análise da equivalência dinâmica aplicada à Poesia Hebraica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8152/tde-17022014-112314/.
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Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a tradução dos salmos na NTLH (Nova Tradução na Linguagem de Hoje), a qual segue o princípio da equivalência dinâmica ou funcional de Eugene Nida, em que o sentido prevalece sobre a forma. Investigamos como essa tradução lida com textos poéticos, abundantes em figuras de linguagem e onde aspectos formais geram sentido. Para isso, descrevemos a teoria de Nida e as críticas pertinentes da teoria de tradução, aspectos da Poesia Hebraica e finalizamos com o estudo da tradução de alguns salmos feita pela NTLH.<br>This research aims at analyzing the translation of the Psalms in NTLH (Nova Tradução na Linguagem de Hoje), which adopts Eugene Nidas principles of Dynamic Equivalence or Functional Equivalence, in which sense prevails over form. We investigate how this translation deals with poetic texts that abound with figures of speech and in which formal aspects generate sense. Therefore, we describe Nidas theory and some of its pertinent criticism; aspects of Hebrew Poetry; and, finally, we analyze some of the Psalms translations in NTLH.
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Russo, Valentina. "The dilemma of translating and interpreting in the criminal justice system: civil law vs. common law." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13778/.
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The scope of this thesis is to offer solutions to some of the translation and interpreting issues arising in the legal field. In particular, the focus of the analysis will be the differences between a common law country, England, and a civil law country, Italy. Through some excerpts taken both by an Italian movie and a UK TV series, the issues are analysed and in the end, two glossaries(Italian-English and English-Italian) built on this analysis are offered.