Academic literature on the topic 'Translation from English'
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Journal articles on the topic "Translation from English"
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George, Anna. "From classical to cosmopolitan." Babel / Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation / Revista Internacional de Traducción 69, no. 5 (2023): 625–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00337.geo.
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Abstract This paper addresses the unique challenges a translator would have when translating a text from a postcolonial country, especially one that has significance amongst the language speakers, such as Cilapattikaram. This paper compares three English translations of Cilapattikaram, a centuries-old Tamil poem that has an undeniable significance among the Tamil-speaking population. By analyzing three English translations of Cilapattikaram, done in the 1930s, 1960s, and 1990s, respectively, the paper examines how translation situated in the political space of decolonization and regional identity affects the text for a better understanding of the dilemmas of the translator and the effect of translation has on the meanings of the text.
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Li, Li. "Translating children’s stories from Chinese to English." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 63, no. 4 (2017): 506–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.63.4.03li.
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Translation, according to the German functional approach to Translation Studies, is a purpose-driven interaction that involves many players. Translating children’s stories is no exception. Using her personal experience of translating Mr. Wolf’s Hotline, a book comprising 47 Chinese children’s stories by Wang Yizhen, a contemporary Chinese writer , in light of the Skopos and text-type theories of functional approach in particular, the author has outlined the strategies and methods adopted in her translations in terms of language, structure and culture. With child readers in mind during the translation process, the translator has used rhetorical devices, onomatopoeic words, modal particles, and also changed some of the sentence structures of the stories, such as from indirect sentences into direct quotations, and from declarative sentences into questions. In terms of culture, three aspects, namely, the culture-loaded images, the names of the characters and nursery rhymes are singled out for detailed analyses. Though marginalized, ‘children’s literature is more complex than it seems, even more complex’ (Hunt 2010: 1), and translation of children’s literature is definitely challenging. This paper outlines the strategies and methods the author has adopted in translating some children's stories from Chinese to English.
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Abdi, Hamidreza. "A Skopos-theoretical Analysis of Political Texts from English into Persian: The Case of Donald Trump’s Executive Orders." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 9, no. 7 (2019): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0907.20.
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The present study attempted to investigate Schjoldager's (2008) taxonomy of translation microstrategies applied by the translator for translating "Donald Trump’s Executive Orders." This led to determine the most/least microstrategies and translation macrostrategy employed by the translator as well as his success in producing the TT and in fulfilling the skopos of the translation. To achieve this, 20 English versions of "Donald Trump’s Executive Orders" were chosen as the sample of analysis and compared with their Persian translations. As the results indicated, among Schjoldager's translation microstrategies, the translator employed all 12 strategies. This includes direct transfer, calque, direct translation, oblique translation, explicitation, paraphrase, adaptation, addition, condensation, substitution, deletion, and permutation of which explicitation and direct transfer were the most/least used microstrategies. Based on the findings, TT-oriented strategies have been used more than ST-oriented ones. Thus, under the skopos theoretical approach, the translator was successful in translating "Donald Trump’s Executive Orders" and in fulfilling the skopos of the translation. This was because of that translations made by him were easy to understand to all types of TT readers. This study offers some helpful pedagogical implications to translation students and trainees, teachers, and those responsible for teaching students and training translators.
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RESTIKA, RIA, MASITOWARNI SIREGAR, and LIDIMAN SAHAT M. SINAGA. "TRANSLATION METHOD USED IN DELI MALAY AND SERDANG MALAY FOLKLORES FROM INDONESIAN TO ENGLISH." LINGUISTICA 10, no. 4 (2021): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jalu.v10i4.31285.
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This study aimed to determine the many types of translation methods, how they were employed in the translation of the folklores "Deli Malay" and "Serdang Malay" from Indonesian to English, and why the translators used the prevailing types in these folklores. The descriptive qualitative method was used to perform this research. The data was gathered from a folklore book and an interview with the folklores' translator. Descriptive qualitative research is the method used to analyze the data. The findings of this study revealed that literal translation accounted for 39 sentences (16%), faithful translation accounted for 23 sentences (9%), semantic translation accounted for four sentences (2%), adaptation translation accounted for seven sentences (3%), free translation accounted for 158 sentences (64%) and communicative translation accounted for 16 sentences (6%). A total of 247 sentences were extracted from the data. Because he did not follow any theories or methods of translation when translating the texts, the translator utilized free translation as the dominating method. Instead, he evaluated the translations' target audience, youngsters, and made them acceptable and simple to understand.
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Abdullah M Alharthi, Raghad. "Strategies of Translating Word Formation in James Joyce’s Ulysses from English into Arabic." Arab World English Journal, no. 286 (August 30, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/th.286.
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The present study investigates strategies for translating word formation in Ulysses (1922) by James Joyce. The study also identifies the translation strategies used by an Arabic translator to render neologisms in the novel into the target language. The study draws on the Venuti model of translation. Applying the Venuti model to the translations of word formations into Arabic will test their adequacy. Different new words resulting from the word formation process were used in the selected data. The findings show that these new words were translated into Arabic using different strategies. The Arabic translator used literal translation in many cases of word formation due to the lack of similar equivalent words in the target language. The study shows that the Arabic translator tries to imitate Joyce by coining words in Arabic. The study should be continued in further analyses that use other data to prove that the Venuti model is not sufficient for translating this type of literary text
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Choy Wan, Samantha Yap, Adeela Abu Bakar, Mansour Amini, and Shameem Rafik-Galea. "Problems and Solutions in English Translations of Malay Short Stories." Journal of Social Sciences Research, SPI6 (December 30, 2018): 1158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.1158.1166.
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The Malay stories of Pelanduk yang Bijak, Peniup Seruling and Seuncang Padi were translated to English, and analysed to identify the translation problems. The procedures were also investigated to find solutions for the problems using translation procedures as the framework for data analysis. After the translation of the stories, the source and target texts were analysed to identify problems and procedures. The findings of the study indicated two types of problems in the Malay-English translations of the stories; structural or semantic problems, and problems arising from cultural differences. Among various translation procedures used in the translations, literal translation was the most common procedure in the translation of the Malay stories. The findings from translations and the analyses in this study could be utilised in translator and interpreter training classrooms. Finding solutions to the translation problems could improve translators’ ability to better theorise while translating, and thus produce “good” translations, particularly in the translation of literary works from Malay to English. This study could have pedagogical significance, as the Malay short stories contain moral lessons by which Malay culture could be further introduced and “exported” to the English-speaking audience through literature.
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Ajkut, Ksenija R. "PROBLEMATIKA PRENOŠENjA TURSKIH ONOMASTIČNIH REČI PRI PREVOĐENjU DELA TURSKE KNjIŽEVNOSTI SA JEZIKA POSREDNIKA." Nasledje Kragujevac XX, no. 56 (2023): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/naskg2356.125a.
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Secondary translations of Turkish literary works represent a unique translational chal- lenge, considering that the original text is written in a language that differs significantly in structure from the Indo-European languages, from which these translations are mostly made. By contrasting the Turkish onomastic words with their transcription into Serbian, the prob- lems of the translation appear when translating from a translation. Although in the transla- tion of Turkish works from English and German, the language of the mediator, a considerable number of correctly chosen solutions can be found in the transcription of anthroponyms and toponyms, the analysis carried out shows that the occurring errors are most often due to the nature of the language of the mediator or due to the negligence of the translator. This situation supports translators’ opinion that translating from a translation should be used only when direct translation is not possible.
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Mohapatra, Himansu S. "English against Englishing: The Case of an Early English Translation of an Oriya Novel1." TTR 23, no. 1 (2010): 123–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044931ar.
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Successive translations of a text mirror the shifting translatory practices of a culture. Paradigms for/of translation can be tracked by following the trajectory of these translations. Usually, however, the “translative turn” is read off from the latest in the series of translations inspired by a text. It is the other way round with the translated Oriya novel, Fakir Mohan Senapati’s Chhamana Athaguntha (1902), which is an exception to this developmentalist rule. An early English translation of the novel titled The Stubble under the Cloven Hoof (1967), produced by C.V.N. Das, shows a highly visible and active translator. In this Das uses English to counter the Englishing tendencies that are the inevitable end result of his attempt, as he says, at “rechristening” a vernacular tale. This essay demonstrates this and also explains the related phenomenon of the foregrounding of the task of the translator.
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He, Linli, Mozhgan Ghassemiazghandi, and Ilangko Subramaniam. "Comparative assessment of Bing Translator and Youdao Machine Translation Systems in English-to-Chinese literary text translation." Forum for Linguistic Studies 6, no. 2 (2024): 1189. http://dx.doi.org/10.59400/fls.v6i2.1189.
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This study explores the performance of machine translation of literary texts from English to Chinese. The study compares two machine translation systems, Bing Translator and Youdao Machine Translation, using selected texts from the novel “Nineteen eighty-four” by George Orwell. The data collection includes the original source texts, their machine-generated translations by Bing Translator and Youdao Machine Translation, and comparisons with human reference translations to assess the performance of these systems. The research’s focal point is to evaluate the accuracy, fluency, and appropriateness of translations generated by these two machine translation systems, while also analyzing the post-editing effort required to enhance the quality of the final machine-translated product. The study revealed that despite the presence of flaws in both machine translation systems, Youdao Machine Translation demonstrated superior performance, especially in accurately translating technical terms and idiomatic expressions, making it the more effective option overall. Nevertheless, the translations from Youdao Machine Translation required more substantial post-editing efforts to improve fluency and readability. Conversely, Bing Translator yielded more fluent and natural-sounding translations, albeit with a need for improved accuracy in translating technical terms and idiomatic expressions. The study concludes that while machine translation systems are capable of generating reasonable translations for literary texts, human post-editing remains essential to ensure the final output’s accuracy, fluency, and appropriateness. The study underscores the importance of selecting the appropriate machine translation system based on the nature of the text being translated. It also highlights the critical role of post-editing in refining the quality of machine-translated outputs, suggesting that while machine translation can provide a solid foundation, human intervention is indispensable for achieving optimal accuracy, fluency, and overall readability in literary translations.
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Parvizi, Gholam-Reza. "Image in Translated Novels from English into Persian." World Journal of English Language 6, no. 4 (2016): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v6n4p50.
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The question of image in literary studies and in recent years in Translation Studies is one of the most problematic innature. In the present study an attempt was made to define the nature of translating linguistic constructions – evokingimages in the mind of reader – in English novels and their rendered versions in Persian translations. In this studyseven types of images (visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, tactile, kinesthetic and organic) in two English novelsand their rendered versions in Persian were analyzed based on two theoretical frameworks, the first one is Jiang’sImage-Based Model to Literary Translation (2008) by which the nature of translation of images were examined andthe other is Chesterman’s translation strategies (1997) which help to systematize translation strategies adopted bytranslators in rewriting the images in English novels. The results have shown that in most of the cases the images thatare intended by original author have been changed in the translations, and the aesthetic experience of the ST reader isdifferent from that of the TT reader.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Translation from English"
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Dorohokuplya, A. O. "Lacunas translation from English into Ukrainian." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/72813.
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Способи перекладу лакун на українську мову включають: (1) транскрипцію і транслітерацію (тобто відтворення мовою перекладу форми слова вихідної мови); (2) трейсинг (відтворення морфемного складу слова або складових ідіом); (3) описовий переклад (використання слів і словосполучень, що описують поняття при відсутності еквівалентної одиниці в мові перекладу); (4) створення слів-аналогів (знаходження схожих або приблизно подібних одиниць у мові перекладу); (5) уточнення або узагальнення (переклад за допомогою більш вузьких / більш широких лексичних одиниць); (6) пошук синонімів.<br>Способы перевода лакун на украинский язык включают: (1) транскрипцию и транслитерацию (то есть воспроизведение на языке перевода формы слова исходного языка); (2) трейсинг (воспроизведение морфемного состава слова или составных идиом); (3) описательный перевод (использование слов и словосочетаний, описывающих понятие при отсутствии эквивалентной единицы в языке перевода); (4) создание слов-аналогов (нахождение сходных или приблизительно сходных единиц в языке перевода); (5) уточнение или обобщение (перевод с помощью более узких / более широких лексических единиц); (6) поиск синонимов.<br>There are other methods of translation of such lexical units into Ukrainian. They include: (1) transcription and transliteration (that is, reproduction in the language of the translation of the form of the word of the original language); (2) tracing (reproduction of the morphemic composition of the word or constituent idioms); (3) descriptive translation (the use of words and phrases that describe the concept when there is no equivalent unit in the language of translation); (4) creation of word-analogues (finding similar or approximately similar units in the language of translation); (5) specification or generalisation (translation with the help of a narrower / broader lexical units); (6) finding the synonyms.
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Dorohokuplya, A. O. "Lacunas Translation from English into Ukrainian." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/67147.
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Numerous linguistic studies made it clear that some concepts that exist
in a certain language do not have their verbal equivalents in another
languages. Canadian linguists Zh.P. Vina and J. Darbelne were the first to
introduce the term “lacuna” and define it as a phenomenon when the word
of one language has no direct equivalent in the other language.
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Deeb, Zakia Ali. "A taxonomy of translation problems in translating from English to Arabic." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/229.
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This thesis investigates translation problems in translating from English to Arabic. Despite the fact that there are some taxonomies available, none is based on empirical research; moreover, none can be considered comprehensive. The present study provides a ranked taxonomy of problems in translating from English to Arabic that was developed through two empirical studies. The first is a case-study of the researcher translating a published corpus of short translation-class texts. Since the aim of this project is pedagogical, students of translation were the target population of the second multi-subject study. Here, 56 undergraduate and 18 postgraduate students in Arabic —+ English translation classes at Al-Fateh University and the Academy of Graduate Studies in Libya translated a sub-set of the same texts. By comparing the two groups' performance, the researcher could also find out the effects of translation experience/proficiency on the type and severity of problems. The taxonomy consists of four levels: supra, main, sub and sub-sub categories. The supra category includes problems of ST Comprehension and TT Production and problems of Transfer Process. The main category includes Micro-Language problems, Macro-Text level problems and Strategies and Techniques problems. The sub-category includes problems of Grammar, Vocabulary, Spelling, Rhetorical and stylistic devices, Cohesion, Register and style, Background Knowledge and Culture. The sub-sub categories include forty seven categories such as problems of Word order, Fixed Expressions, Spelling Slips, Irony, Omission and Additions. A tentative ranking of the difficulty of problems is based on three factors: perceived difficulty, error count and error severity. What distinguishes the taxonomy formulated in the present study from existing ones is comprehensiveness, e.g. in combining problems of ST comprehension, TT production and problems of transfer process, or in combining problems of the language system and extra-textual problems; and the ranking adds another dimension. The thesis consists of six chapters: Chapter One outlines the theme of the project and presents the research questions. Chapter Two reviews the relevant literature with an emphasis on translation problems and errors. Chapter Three presents the researcher case-study which sets the ground for the multi-subject main-study in Chapter Four. Chapter Five provides a model of English —* Arabic translation problems as exemplified by the taxonomy of translation problems and discusses the ranking system used and its outcome. Chapter Six, Conclusion, evaluates the outcome of the study, assesses the methodology that has been used to investigate the issues set in the research questions and discusses implications for further research.
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Emami, Mohammad. "The dynamics of literary translation : a case study from English to Persian." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5955.
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This thesis aims to elucidate the translation process by devising a way of retrieving evidence of this process from its output. It further aims to assess the claims made by some scholars concerning the possible existence of Translation Universals. In order to isolate the interaction of texts and contexts, a corpus of American short stories was created, with their translations into Persian published after the 1979 Revolution. Three complementary methodologies gave a rounded picture: (1) Corpus-based Descriptive Translation Studies; (2) The pragmatic and rhetorically-based approach of Thinking Translation devised at St Andrews; and (3) The analytical framework mostly established by Halliday in his Systemic Functional Grammar. Approaching the process of translation in the specific order devised in this thesis provided four vantage points to analyse the data in a systematic way from linguistic, discourse, cultural and literary views before reaching what are at once the most personal and most characteristic aspects of a translator's work. The research begins with a literature review of the field and an account of linguistic constraints and of all Translation Universals hypothesised so far, followed by an extensive analysis of data in two consecutive chapters. With reference to the choices made in this corpus, it is discussed in the Conclusions chapter that most of the Translation Universals so far claimed are not in fact universal. It is the role of the translator which has emerged as the determining factor in producing a translated text, and thus as the key to resolving the issues explored in this thesis. It seems there are no constraints beyond the translator's reach, and there are no parameters which do not involve the translator, who introduces his or her own choices, or manipulates certain parameters. Only when they have done so, will the translation, as both process and product, be accomplished.
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Furlan, Mattia <1995>. "Food, Culture and Translation. Observations on Translating Recipes from English into Italian." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19954.
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Food is an important part of human cultural expression, and recipes are a way of transmitting the knowledge on its preparation. This dissertation consists in the translation from English into Italian of a sample of recipes belonging to the British and Italian cultural areas and to a mixed “Anglo-Italian” area. The focus is on the rendition and acceptability, for an Italian public, of the cultural elements of the recipes originally thought for a British public . First, the work provides some considerations on the relationship between food and culture. Then, the characteristics of the genre “recipe” are exposed, and useful aspects of translation theory are presented. The recipes included in the dissertation are then translated and each one is presented with a commentary which focusses mainly on their cultural aspects. In conclusion, it is possible to observe that the main problems relate to units of measurement, ingredients’ availability and the need to substitute them or explain their characteristics, implicit traditions in the source culture that need to be explained in the target culture, how Italian recipes and references are treated by the British which need a “re-Italianization” process when presented to the Italian culture, and the need to render the critiques moved to Italian cuisine more acceptable for an Italian public especially in those contexts where they cannot be eliminated.
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Gavling, Anna. "The art of translation : A study of book titles translated from English into Swedish and from Swedish into English." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1748.
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<p>The purpose of this paper is to investigate the process of translating a book title from English into Swedish and vice versa. I have investigated the different methods used when translating a title, as well how common each strategy is. By contacting publishing companies and translators in Sweden, I learned of the process of adapting a title from the source language into a foreign market and the target language. Studying 156 titles originally published in English, and 47 titles originally written in Swedish, I was able to see some patterns. I was particularly interested in what strategies are most commonly used.</p><p>In my study I found nine different strategies of translating a book title form English into Swedish. I have classified them as follows: Keeping the original title, Translating the title literally, Literal translation with modifications, Keeping part of the original title and adding a literal translation, Adding a Swedish tag to the English title, Adding a Swedish tag to the literal translation, Translation with an omission, Creating a new title loosely related to the original title and finally Creating a completely different title. In the study of titles translated from Swedish into English, I found eight different translation strategies; seven of the strategies were the same as in the translation of titles from English into Swedish. The one method that differed is called Translation with an addition. The study of titles originally published in Swedish was much smaller; and yet more variety and creativity was shown in the translations. The conditions for translating from Swedish into English are different since English readers normally have no knowledge of Swedish. Names of characters and places for example, are very likely to sound very odd to an English reader, and therefore more translations are necessary. Swedish readers on the other hand are generally relatively proficient in English since they are exposed to the language naturally in their everyday lives through for example, television. Therefore it was easier to stay close to the original in the translations from English into Swedish.</p>
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Žmėjauskienė, Ivanna. "Translation of educational professional language from english into Lithuanian." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080926_174928-78887.
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Nowadays when Lithuania is a member of the European Union the English language penetrates into all spheres of our life and serves as a precondition for the upsurge of translation from/into English and Lithuanian. Translation in the realm of different professional discourses causes a number of problems. The aim of the research is to specify the peculiarities of translating educational discourses from English into Lithuanian. The paper presents a brief theoretical overview on the issues of the translation. It analyses not only the definitions and the main characteristics of the educational discourse but also reveals the particularities of the professionalisms as a linguistic phenomenon. Besides, it presents the selected examples of educational professional language from English educational discourses and their equivalents in the Lithuanian language. The following sources have been used for the empirical investigation: Paul Ramsden (1992) "Learning to Teach in Higher Education"; Paul Ramsden (2001) "Kaip mokyti aukštojoje mokykloje"; Terence H. McLaughlin (1995) "Public Values, Private Values and Educational Responsibility"; Terence H. McLaughlin (1997) "Šiuolaikinė ugdymo filosofija: demokratiškumas, vertybės, įvairovė".<br>Lietuvai tapus Europos Sąjungos nare, anglų kalba pradėjo skverbtis į visas mūsų gyvenimo sferas. Dėl šios priežasties padaugėjo ir vertimų iš/į anglų kalbos į lietuvių kalbą. Skirtingų profesinių diskursų vertimas sukelia daugybę problemų. Šio tyrimo tikslas yra apibrėžti edukacinių diskursų vertimo iš anglų kalbos į lietuvių kalbą ypatumus. Apžvelgiama teorinė medžiaga apie vertimą, nagrinėjami edukacinio diskurso apibrėžimai ir ypatybės, parodomi profesionalizmų ypatumai. Darbe pateikiami edukacinės profesinės kalbos pavyzdžiai iš anglų kalbos edukacinių diskursų ir jų lietuviški vertimo ekvivalentai, kurie išrinkti naudojant žemiau išvardintus šaltinius: Paul Ramsden (1992) "Learning to Teach in Higher Education"; Paul Ramsden (2001) "Kaip mokyti aukštojoje mokykloje"; Terence H. McLaughlin (1995)"Public Values, Private Values and Educational Responsibility"; Terence H. McLaughlin (1997)"Šiuolaikinė ugdymo filosofija: demokratiškumas, vertybės, įvairovė".
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Blaževičienė, Rasa. "AUDIOVISUAL TRANSLATION OF FEATURE FILMS FROM ENGLISH INTO LITHUANIAN." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080926_173942-28997.
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The situation of audiovisual translation is in its infancy in Lithuania, thus, the work specifies methods of audiovisual translation and highlights characteristic features of audiovisual-type texts. The novelty of the work lies in the investigation of the voiced-over language of the feature film. With reference to this fact, the contrastive analysis of the source language and voiced-over target language of the feature film “Bridget Jones’s Diary“was chosen as the subject of the research. The aim of the work is the examination of language and authenticity transfer of the film through voice-over as the method of audiovisual translation from English into Lithuanian.<br>Vertimo tyrinėtojai žengia pirmuosius žingsnius audiovizualiojo vertimo tyrinėjimo srityje, nors įgarsintus, subtitruotus ar jau ir dubliuotus filmus žiūrime kasdien per televiziją ar kino teatre. Naujosios technologijos leidžia vos panorėjus mėgautis filmais, kurie atlieka ne tik pramoginę, bet ir kitos kultūros pažinimo funkciją. Didžioji dalis į Lietuvą atkeliaujančių filmų yra anglų kalba. Juos įprasta įgarsinti. Tačiau dėl įvairių priežasčių ne visada lietuviškame filmo variante išgirstame tai, kas buvo pasakyta originale. Šio darbo tikslas – išnagrinėti gerai žinomo vaidybinio filmo „Bridžitos Džouns dienoraštis“ kalbos ir autentikos perteikimą per įgarsintą filmo vertimą, siekiant nustatyti vertimo procese naudojamas vertimo procedūras. Mokslinio darbo teorinėje dalyje išsamiai pristatomi audiovizualaus vertimo metodai, apžvelgiami audiovizualaus teksto ypatumai, jame slypintys kodai bei paaiškinama domestikacijos samprata. Empirinėje darbo dalyje aprašoma tyrimo eiga ir analizuojami rezultatai. Filmo vertimo tyrimas atskleidė, jog dėl pačių kalbų (anglų ir lietuvių) skirtumų, tokių vertimo procedūrų kaip glaudinimas, eliminavimas ir trumpinimas naudojimas bei vertėjo(s) klaidos lėmė prasminius vertimo kalbos nuostolius. Nors vertėja(s) didžiajai teksto daliai rado atitinkamus ekvivalentus bei daugelyje atvejų pasitelkė parafrazę ir plėtimą, vertimo kalba perteikta glausčiau dėl aukščiau minėtų veiksnių bei filmo vertimo metodo ypatumų.
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Michailinienė, Viktorija. "The Translation of Discourse Markers from English into Lithuanian." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_155614-75200.
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The paper analyzes the translation of discourse markers from English into Lithuanian. Discourse markers are words or word combinations, who contribute little to the propositional meaning of an utterance but serve a variety of important conversational functions guiding interlocutors towards the intended interpretation of an utterance. The aim of the research is to prove the polyfunctional nature of discourse markers and the significance of rendering their meanings in translation from English into Lithuanian. The paper reviews the basic theoretical orientations within which discourse markers are analyzed and presents the list of defining and non-defining properties of discourse markers. Correct interpretation of discourse markers depend on the conversational function they serve in a particular situation rather than on lexical meaning of an item, therefore the functions of the discourse markers selected for the analysis (you know, I mean, well, okay, so, like, now) are reviewed as well. The empirical part is based on the analysis of the translation of discourse markers in two novels: John Irving’s 'A Widow for One Year' and Melvin Burgess’ 'Doing it'.<br>Darbe nagrinėjamas diskurso žymeklių vertimas iš anglų į lietuvių kalbą. Diskurso žymekliai - tai žodžiai ar žodžių junginiai, kurių leksinė reikšmė turi mažai įtakos sakinio prasmei, bet kurie atlieka daug svarbių funkcijų, padedančių pašnekovui teisingai interpretuoti pasakymą. Darbo tikslas – įrodyti diskurso žymeklių daugiafunkcinę prigimtį ir tų funkcijų perteikimo svarbą verčiant iš anglų į lietuvių kalbą. Darbe apžvelgiamos svarbiausios teorinės kryptys, kuriomis remiantis analizuojami diskurso žymekliai, ir pristatomi jų skiriamieji bei jiems būdingi bruožai. Kadangi teisinga diskurso žymeklių interpretacija priklauso ne nuo leksinės lingvistinio vieneto reikšmės, bet nuo jo atliekamos funkcijos, darbe taip pat aprašomos analizei pasirinktų žymeklių (you know, I mean, well, okay, so, like, now) funkcijos. Empirinė dalis pagrįsta diskurso žymeklių vertimu dvejuose romanuose: John Irving "A Widow for One Year" ir Melvin Burgess "Doing it".
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Gimenez, Alicia Moreno. "The Translation of Irony : Translating contemporary short stories from Catalan and Spanish into English." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504185.
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.This thesis explores the translation of verbal irony, particularly in the translations of Spanish and Catalan contemporary short stories. Verbal irony is a common phenomenon in communication, and yet it has not received enough attention in translation studies. Furthermore, not all theoretical frameworks agree on the same conception of irony. Having examined data of a corpus in Spanish and Catalan to shed some light upon the mechanisms of irony and the problems arising from its translation, I mainly address the following issues: a) What different types of ironic cues are there? b) How can these cues be explained within existing theories? c) How is irony translated in the translated text? d) What problems do different types of irony pose for the translation of irony? The complex nature of irony requires an interdisciplinary approach that places textual features in their communicative and social contexts. For this reason, Chapters 2 to 4 review theories from different fields in order to establish the main characteristics of verbal irony, while Chapter 5 focuses on translation issues. Irony is often achieved, as my analysis reveals, through a certain set of cues or conventional linguistic strategies that signal the speaker's ironic attitude. These, of course, are not inherently ironic because they ultimately need an appropriate context to be interpreted as ironic. Ironic cues can be graphological, grammatical, semantic and pragmatic devices as well as figurative language. Chapters 5 to 10 study how these cues are explained within existing theories, how they are translated and the problems that arise from their translation. Translators have to be aware of differences in linguistic conventions and cultural contextual sources. The lack of understanding of the mechanisms of irony is one of the main problems for the translator. The translation parameters and procedures that I offer are guidelines to the translation of verbal irony in literary texts from Catalan and Spanish into English. Last but not least, my thesis also contributes to the appreciation of a particular type of literature, that is, Spanish and Catalan short stories.
Books on the topic "Translation from English"
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Doherty, Judith. Machine translation: An example from English to Spanish. The author], 1992.
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1938-, González Alfonso, and Clark Stella T, eds. News from the Empire. Dalkey Archive Press, 2009.
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Joyce, Trevor, 1947- translator, author, ed. Fastness: A translation from the English of Edmund Spenser. Miami University Press, 2017.
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Manabendra, Bandyopadhyay, Chaudhuri Sukanta 1950-, Majumdar Swapan 1946-, and Sahitya Akademi, eds. Voices from Bengal: Modern Bengali poetry in English translation. Sahitya Akademi, 1997.
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1313-1375, Boccaccio Giovanni, Walklin Carol, Libanus Press, and Press Collection (Library of Congress), eds. Theodore & Honoria: A translation from Boccaccio. Libanus Press, 1985.
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Japkowicz, Nathalie. The translation of basic topological prepositions from English into French. National Library of Canada, 1990.
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Anweiler, Oskar. Insights into the Soviet educational system from below (English translation). Osteuropa-Institut München, 1987.
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1930-, Pinter Harold, Astbury Anthony, and Godbert Geoffrey, eds. 99 poems in translation: An anthology. Faber and Faber, 1994.
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Rosanna, Warren, ed. The Art of translation: Voices from the field. Northeastern University Press, 1989.
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Aiyar, T. K. Ramachandra. Exercises in Sanskrit translation: With guide lines for translation from Sanskrit to English & vice versa. 2nd ed. Vadhyar, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Translation from English"
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Weissbrod, Rachel. "Translation of prose fiction from english to hebrew." In Translation. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ata.v.22wei.
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Corbett, John. "Translation from English into Scots." In The Routledge Handbook of Intralingual Translation. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003188872-12.
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Nintai, Moses Nunyi. "Translating african literature from french into english." In Benjamins Translation Library. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.5.08nin.
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Natu, Ira, Sahasra Iyer, Anagha Kulkarni, Kajol Patil, and Pooja Patil. "Text Translation from Hindi to English." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1810-8_48.
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Yakubovych, Mykhaylo. "5. Translation for Everyone." In The Kingdom and the Qur’an. Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0381.05.
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Chapter Five, ‘Translation for Everyone: Collaborative Saudi Publishing Projects in Foreign Languages’, explores individual and private publishing projects in Saudi Arabia, past and present. These range from standalone, one-off translations such as ‘Saheeh International’, one of the most widely distributed Qur’an translations in the English-speaking Muslim world; to those produced by commercial publishing projects such as Darussalam, which publishes in a range of languages; to missionary initiatives such as the Tafsīr al-ʿUshr al-Akhīr project. Additionally, the chapter discusses some examples of how digitisation in the field of Islamic sources is changing the face of translation, rendering the translator less visible and promoting the production of a kind of multi-language translation which aims to provide the same reading and interpretation in every language.
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Martin, Anne. "Institutional references from the English-speaking world in the Spanish press." In Translation in Context. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.39.36mar.
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Parina, Elena, and Erich Poppe. "“In the Most Common and Familiar Speech among the Welsh”." In Übersetzungskulturen der Frühen Neuzeit. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62562-0_5.
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AbstractThis paper presents and analyses the approach of the Welsh recusant author and translator Robert Gwyn (c.1545–c.1600) to the translation of quotations from the Bible and the Church Fathers as it is reflected in both his paratextual comments on translating and in regularities of his translational practice. Gwyn locates his literary work in the larger context of Counter-Reformation activities in Wales for an “unlearned” audience and therefore forcefully argues for the primacy of comprehensibility over strict adherence to the words of the source text. A brief detour for the purpose of contextualization looks at the paratexts of other contemporaneous Catholic and Protestant Welsh translators and at their aims in relation to their projected audiences. Since English loanwords were a feature of spoken Welsh and their use in translations was explicitly vindicated by Gwyn, lexical choices in a range of his versions of Biblical verses are compared with the translation of the same verses in the Protestant Welsh translations of the New Testament dating between 1567 and 1588.
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Lees, Christopher. "Chapter 6. Politeness in notices translated from Greek into English in Thessaloniki’s public spaces from a cross-cultural perspective and translator/student translator evaluations." In Pragmatics and Translation. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pbns.337.06lee.
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This chapter examines notices that have been translated from Greek into English and are visible in the public spaces of Thessaloniki. It uses photographic data collected during ethnographic fieldwork in the city in 2020, a time that coincided with the Covid-19 pandemic and an increased number of signs. By drawing on Brown and Levinson’s concept of face and more recent discursive approaches to politeness, the chapter explores the ways in which Greek politeness is expressed and rendered into English and how a group of translation students and translation professionals perceive the degree to which the Greek source texts have been successfully rendered into English.
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Yadav, Anshuma, Rajesh Kumar Chakrawarti, and Pratosh Bansal. "Couplets Translation from English to Hindi Language." In Social Networking and Computational Intelligence. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2071-6_23.
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ElMaghraby, Ayah, and Ahmed Rafea. "Enhancing Translation from English to Arabic Using Two-Phase Decoder Translation." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01054-6_39.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Translation from English"
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Turaeva, Shakhnoza. "PECULARITIES OF TRANSLATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS FROM ENGLISH INTO UZBEK." In Modern approaches and new trends in teaching foreign languages. Alisher Navo'i Tashkent state university of Uzbek language and literature, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.52773/tsuull.conf.teach.foreign.lang.2024.8.5/tvbk2123.
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This article discusses themain ways and means of translating phraseological combinations into English and Uzbek languages. Phraseologies cannot be considered only as a separate part of linguistic science, which can or may not be used, because they constitute an important part of the general vocabulary of the languages. Currently, it is very important to monitor the replenishment of the phraseological fund of the Uzbek and English languages, since idioms appear very quickly, which is associated with the development of branches of science, the introduction of new technologies, political games and military conflicts, the influence of which is also significant for both peoples. It should be noted that phraseological units are common. Phraseological units in the source text and the ability to find the appropriate equivalent in the translation process are the most tangible steps for a translator. However, the translator must use phrasebooks for adequate oral and written translation of phraseological units and, in addition, context plays animportant role in the translation process.
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AVORNICESEI, Oana-Florina. "JAPANESE PROVERBS BETWEEN EQUIVALENCE AND COMPARATIVE TRANSLATION FROM JAPANESE AND ENGLISH INTO ROMANIAN. AN ANALYSIS FROM THE SEMANTIC AND PRAGMATIC POINT OF VIEW." In Synergies in Communication. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/sic/2021/04.03.
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The current paper takes a comparative look at a selection of Japanese proverbs and their translation into English to their Romanian equivalents. The English translation belongs to David Galeff, the author of the book ‘Japanese Proverbs. Wit and Wisdom’ from which stems the selection of proverbs which are the object of the current analysis. The Romanian translation applies two methods. It tries to find an equivalent in Romanian, both in terms of wit i.e. wording or sense and in terms of wisdom i.e. meaning or reference. As such the two perspectives of analysis are semantic and pragmatic. The aim is firstly to find an equivalent in meaning and reference to a relevant wisdom inspired by reality and life. If such an equivalent is not found, alternative translations are attempted using other translation procedures, such as modulation or even adaptation. The theoretical framework used is the one Vinay and Dalbernet outlined in their ‘Comparative Stylistics of French and English: A Methodology for Translation’. This is a translational attempt to look towards the East and towards the West and see how different and how similar they are in the way they understand life and express that understanding. The aim of the analysis is to see to what extent it can identify corresponding ways of wording or equivalent forms of expression in Romanian for the wit and the wisdom incapsulated in the Japanese proverbs, via the English language
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Şəmsi qızı Məmmədova, Xumar. "Nakhchivan literary atmosphere and literary translation." In OF THE V INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CONFERENCE. https://aem.az/, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/2021/02/03.
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The presented article discusses the issues of Nakhchivan literary environment and literary translation. It is noted that translation is a creation in itself, and the activities of representatives of the Nakhchivan literary environment in this area are exemplary. In general, during the independence period, some experience was gained in the literary environment of Nakhchivan, translations from German, English and French by our poets and writers Hamid Arzulu, Shirmammad Gulubeyli, Shamil Zaman who is famous as poet, prose-writer and translator were delivered to readers in the form of books and works were published in the press. The examples presented in the article once again prove the perfection of the writers' translation activities, their translations from German, English and French provide the Azerbaijani reader with full information about the society, people and their life of these peoples. Key words: Nakhchivan, literary atmosphere, literary translation, prose, poetry
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Saeed, Hadeel. "The Impact of Ideological Orientations on the Differentiation between the Arabic and the English Styles in Translating Newspaper Headlines." In 3rd International Conference on Language and Education. Cihan University-Erbil, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/iclangedu2023/paper.938.
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Translation process is subject to many non-linguistic factors that clearly affect the course of the translation process and impose their logic on both the translator and the translation product. Perhaps newspaper headlines represent one of the textual models whose translation from one language to another is subject to such factors that interact and overlap with the translator’s skill and his linguistic knowledge that put their mark on his final product. The most prominent of these factors is the ideological orientations of the translator and his knowledge of the intellectual and cultural background of the audience to whom the translated text is intended. This paper aims to trace the impact of the translator’s ideological orientations and his knowledge of the requirements of translation clients and readers in differentiation between the Arabic and the English styles of translating newspaper headlines, by reviewing a group of newspaper headlines. It became clear from the study that translating newspaper headlines include a lot ideological influences that urge the translator to interfere in the text to achieve goals of an ideological nature, most notably meeting the needs of a specific audience of readers, and this ideological intervention led to the differentiation between the Arabic style and the English styles in translating newspaper headlines.
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Suryakanthi, T., and Kamlesh Sharma. "Discourse Translation from English to Telugu." In the Third International Symposium. ACM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2791405.2791459.
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ZHANG, JIAN-WEN. "ON SKOPOS THEORY AND KU HUNGMING’S TRANSLATION OF LUNYU." In 2021 International Conference on Education, Humanity and Language, Art. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtssehs/ehla2021/35700.
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There are a variety of translations of Lunyu into English, among which Ku Hungming’s version is highly debated. Some people argue that Ku’s translation is too creative while other people believe his selection of wording is superior to that of others. Lin Yutang’s comments on Ku’s translation of Lunyu are, “His English is outstanding, which is rarely seen in the late two hundred years. His diction and word selection is outstanding.” As is pointed out by Jing Shuoyu, the purpose of translation is to help communication and understanding. Ku’s translation of Lunyu has made comparisons between well-known figures and books from the source and target cultures, it has also cited famous authors from the target culture. Therefore, it is argued in this article that Ku had decreased barriers between the source culture and target culture, hence the translator seemed ‘invisible’.
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Matkovska, M. V. "Transformations in the translation of Beowulf from Old English to present-day English." In PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND TRANSLATION STUDIES: EUROPEAN POTENTIAL. Baltija Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-110-7-35.
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Щеголева, А. И. "USING THE INFORMATION-THEORETIC METHOD OF CLASSIFICATION TO ANALYZE THE QUALITY OF TRANSLATION OF LITERARY TEXTS." In Сборник трудов XVIII Российской конференции "РАСПРЕДЕЛЕННЫЕ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ РЕСУРСЫ". Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25743/dir.2022.98.12.041.
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Для анализа переводов требуется разработать количественную оценку степени сохранения переводчиком оригинального стиля автора и создать метод, позволяющий определять степень близости перевода к оригиналу. Адаптирован теоретико-информационный метод, предложенный для атрибуции литературных текстов и рассмотрены переводы литературных произведений с английского языка на русский и с русского на английский. Разработан метод определения качества перевода, считая, что перевод тем лучше, чем больше сохраняется стиль писателя и чем меньше проявляется стиль переводчика. To analyze translations, we invented a quantitative assessment of the degree to which the translator preserves the original style of the author and produced a method that allows determining the degree of closeness of the translation to the original. Therefore, we adapted the information-theoretic method proposed for the attribution of literary texts. Afterwards, we used an adapted method to consider translations of literary works from English to Russian and from Russian to English. In result, we developed a method for determining the quality of a translation, considering that the translation is better when the more the style of the writer is preserved and the less the style of the translator is manifested.
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Darapaneni, Narayana, Reibhu Sant, Hema Allarapu, Anwesh Reddy Paduri, Punam Yadav, and Ankush Patil. "Machine Translation from German to English and English to German." In International Conference on Recent Trends in Data Science and its Applications (ICRTDA 2023). River Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.13052/rp-9788770040723.087.
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Мухаметова, Илида. "TRANSLATION OF ANTHROPONYMS FROM CHINESE INTO ENGLISH." In LINGUISTIC UNITS THROUGH THE LENS OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC PARADIGMS. Baskir State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/yevssnp-2021-11-30.22.
Full textReports on the topic "Translation from English"
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OSIYANOVA, A., and I. FALALEEVA. THE SPECIFICS OF THE TRANSLATION OF IRONY IN MARGARET MITCHELL’S NOVEL “GONE WITH THE WIND”. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2022-14-2-3-23-30.
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This article examines the specifics of the translation of irony in Margaret Mitchell’s novel “Gone with The Wind”. The relevance of the article lies in the problems of translating an artistic technique from English into Russian. The purpose of the article is to identify the definition of the term “irony” and ways to translate it based on the works of scientists. The research methodology consists of analyzing the techniques of translating quotations from the original text of the novel and its translation. As a result of the study, the most effective translation techniques were identified, such as: complete translation with minor lexical or grammatical transformations; antonymic translation; addition of semantic components; cultural and situational substitution. The specifics of the translation of irony in the text using transformation techniques were also determined, due to the special role of this literary technique in the context of the novel. The theoretical basis of this article is the classification of translation techniques by T. A. Kazakova. The conclusions of the study show which are the most effective translation techniques used in translating the artistic technique “irony” from English into Russian.
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PLATONOVA, E. V., and K. A. MYASNIKOVA. THE SPECIFIC TRANSLATION OF ONOMATOPOEIA IN ENGLISH COMICS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-14-1-3-77-82.
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This article is devoted to the study of the translation of onomatopoeia in English-language comics into the Russian language. Onomatopoeic words cause difficulties in their translation, which creates the need to study onomatopoeia from the point of view of their special characteristics, such as their optional role. The need for creative rethinking, full consideration of the context as well as getting into the situation are especially highlighted.
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Shaba, Varteen Hannah. Translating North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic Idioms into English. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2023.002.
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North-eastern Neo-Aramaic (also known as NENA) languages and literature are a prosperous and encouraging field of research. They abound with oral traditions and expressions that incorporate various spoken forms including everyday language, tales, songs, chants, prayers, proverbs, and more. These are used to transfer culture, knowledge, and community values. Some types of oral forms are idioms and fixed expressions. Idioms are extremely problematic to translate for a number of reasons, including: cultural and linguistic differences between languages; their specific connection to cultural practices and interpretations, and the difficulty of transferring the same meanings and connotations into another language with accuracy. This paper explores how to define and classify idioms, and suggests specific strategies and procedures to translate idioms from the NENA dialect Bartella (a local Aramaic dialect in Nineveh Plain) into English – as proposed by Baker (1992: 63–78). Data collection is based on 15 idioms in Bartella dialect taken from the heritage play Khlola d baretle teqta (Wedding in the old Bartella). The findings revealed that only three strategies are helpful to transfer particular cultural conceptualisations: using an idiom of similar meaning and form; using an idiom of similar meaning but different form, and translation by paraphrasing. Based on the findings, the author provides individuals and institutions with suggestions on how to save endangered languages and dialects, particularly with regard to the religious minorities’ heritage. Key among these recommendations is encouraging researchers and scholars to direct translation projects and activities towards preserving minority languages with their oral heritage and cultural expressions, which are susceptible to extinction.
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Mats, Mats, and Karin Zetterqvist Nelson. Listening to children: theories and ethics of listening. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/report-204274.
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In many societal contexts, the importance of listening to children is underscored, not seldom with reference to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and especially Article 12 on the right to be heard. But what does it mean to listen to children? A plethora of books on listening to children aimed at professionals and others who meet children in their daily lives are published on a regular basis. However, we miss a critical discussion of listening as such, and more specifically about (good) listening to children, framed within a larger theoretical context. The aim of this article is to discuss listening in relation to monological and dialogical perspectives on communication, as well as in relation to different notions of children as similar to or different from adults. Also discussed is how different theoretical perspectives on listening and listening to children tends to lead to different ethical conclusions regarded what constitutes good listening and listening to children. This is an English translation of an article that was originally published in Swedish in 2022 as “Att lyssna på barn. Om lyssnandets teori och etik” in the Nordic journal Barn (volume 40, issue 3). The translation is published here with permission from the publisher. The original article in Swedish can be accessed here: https://doi.org/10.23865/barn.v40.5075
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. KEY IMPRESSIONS OF 2020 IN JOURNALISTIC TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11107.
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The article explores the key vocabulary of 2020 in the network space of Ukraine. Texts of journalistic, official-business style, analytical publications of well-known journalists on current topics are analyzed. Extralinguistic factors of new word formation, their adaptation to the sphere of special and socio-political vocabulary of the Ukrainian language are determined. Examples show modern impressions in the media, their stylistic use and impact on public opinion in a pandemic. New meanings of foreign expressions, media terminology, peculiarities of translation of neologisms from English into Ukrainian have been clarified. According to the materials of the online media, a «dictionary of the coronavirus era» is provided. The journalistic text functions in the media on the basis of logical judgments, credible arguments, impressive language. Its purpose is to show the socio-political problem, to sharpen its significance for society and to propose solutions through convincing considerations. Most researchers emphasize the influential role of journalistic style, which through the media shapes public opinion on issues of politics, economics, education, health care, war, the future of the country. To cover such a wide range of topics, socio-political vocabulary is used first of all – neutral and emotionally-evaluative, rhetorical questions and imperatives, special terminology, foreign words. There is an ongoing discussion in online publications about the use of the new foreign token «lockdown» instead of the word «quarantine», which has long been learned in the Ukrainian language. Research on this topic has shown that at the initial stage of the pandemic, the word «lockdown» prevailed in the colloquial language of politicians, media personalities and part of society did not quite understand its meaning. Lockdown, in its current interpretation, is a restrictive measure to protect people from a dangerous virus that has spread to many countries; isolation of the population («stay in place») in case of risk of spreading Covid-19. In English, US citizens are told what a lockdown is: «A lockdown is a restriction policy for people or communities to stay where they are, usually due to specific risks to themselves or to others if they can move and interact freely. The term «stay-at-home» or «shelter-in-place» is often used for lockdowns that affect an area, rather than specific locations». Content analysis of online texts leads to the conclusion that in 2020 a special vocabulary was actively functioning, with the appropriate definitions, which the media described as a «dictionary of coronavirus vocabulary». Media broadcasting is the deepest and pulsating source of creative texts with new meanings, phrases, expressiveness. The influential power of the word finds its unconditional embodiment in the media. Journalists, bloggers, experts, politicians, analyzing current events, produce concepts of a new reality. The world is changing and the language of the media is responding to these changes. It manifests itself most vividly and emotionally in the network sphere, in various genres and styles.
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Shale Gas: Strategic, Technical, Environmental and Regulatory Issues. Universidad de Deusto, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/tszi1191.
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In January 2016, the book Gas no convencional: shale gas. Aspectos estratégicos, técnicos, medioambientales y regulatorios was published. As we pointed out in the prologue of the book, the study of unconventional gas is within the lines of knowledge of the Energy Chair of Orkestra of the University of Deusto. In fact, three main lines of study are currently covered. Namely Energy markets, Energy Industry and Technology, and Energy Policy. The approach to the shale gas study that the reader has in his hands, in our view, covers a wide scope of topics, including the strategic aspects, the technical topics related to the exploration, drilling and hydraulic fracturing, as well as the environmental aspects and the regulation processes for exploration. One of the characteristics of the research of the Energy Chair is to try to work with a network of institutions, universities and professionals with experience and knowledge in the specific topics that we analyze. In this case, from the very beginning, it was though that the creation and implementation of a group of experts would be particularly valuable, so an Advisory Group and a Reviewers Group were put in place. The relevant professionals and institutions that we have the honor to count on are reflected in this study. Given the participation of the members of the Advisory Group and the Reviewers Group, the first draft of the study was written in English. At the beginning of the project, Nerea Álvarez, mining engineer, produced a first draft. The English version was translated into Spanish and later, when Claudia Suárez joined the Energy Chair of Orkestra, she was fully involved to revise, extend and improve the study. In the process, we decided to focus our improvements in the Spanish version and to publish a book in Spanish. This study does not cover exactly all aspects and details dealt with in the book. Therefore, the document cannot be considered, in strict sense, a full and complete translation of the book, although many improvements of the Spanish book have been incorporated to the first draft in English.