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Gavling, Anna. "The art of translation : A study of book titles translated from English into Swedish and from Swedish into English." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Arts and Education, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1748.
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<p>The purpose of this paper is to investigate the process of translating a book title from English into Swedish and vice versa. I have investigated the different methods used when translating a title, as well how common each strategy is. By contacting publishing companies and translators in Sweden, I learned of the process of adapting a title from the source language into a foreign market and the target language. Studying 156 titles originally published in English, and 47 titles originally written in Swedish, I was able to see some patterns. I was particularly interested in what strategies are most commonly used.</p><p>In my study I found nine different strategies of translating a book title form English into Swedish. I have classified them as follows: Keeping the original title, Translating the title literally, Literal translation with modifications, Keeping part of the original title and adding a literal translation, Adding a Swedish tag to the English title, Adding a Swedish tag to the literal translation, Translation with an omission, Creating a new title loosely related to the original title and finally Creating a completely different title. In the study of titles translated from Swedish into English, I found eight different translation strategies; seven of the strategies were the same as in the translation of titles from English into Swedish. The one method that differed is called Translation with an addition. The study of titles originally published in Swedish was much smaller; and yet more variety and creativity was shown in the translations. The conditions for translating from Swedish into English are different since English readers normally have no knowledge of Swedish. Names of characters and places for example, are very likely to sound very odd to an English reader, and therefore more translations are necessary. Swedish readers on the other hand are generally relatively proficient in English since they are exposed to the language naturally in their everyday lives through for example, television. Therefore it was easier to stay close to the original in the translations from English into Swedish.</p>
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Kanon, Nillen. "Foreign character language : A case study on Kagura from Gin Tama." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Japanska, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35925.
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Role language in Japanese is a term defined in 2000 by Satoshi Kinsui. Role language usesdifferent pronouns, copula and sentence-ending particles to depict a certain type of characterusing language. This thesis compares the language of the character Kagura from the mangaGin Tama , written and illustrated by Hideaki Sorachi, to the role language definitions featured inSatoshi Kinsui’s work Virtual Japanese: Enigmas of Role Language , as well as the standardizedJapanese language. Kagura is an alien character landing on planet earth in Edo -period Japan,her character is portrayed with Chinese details and her language is known as the aruyo rolelanguage, which has been used to represent the Chinese in fiction.The case study consisted of 530 lines from the original manga gathered from seven differentvolumes spanning ten years between the first and the last.The analysis featured in the result section produced statistics of how many lines contained acertain phrase or sentence-ending particle and began analyzing the meaning of particles andhow they are used in the context of the manga . The conclusion brings forth new discoveriesregarding the command conjugation and its equivalence in role language.
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Sproule, Kent Arthur. "Criteria for the effective translation of spoken discourse : the evidence from selected modern Spanish texts." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1995. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1805/.
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The objective of this thesis is the formulation of a set of guidelines, criteria, which will serve as a bench mark for those who wish to attempt the translation of non-oral spoken discourse. This will be achieved by the examination of three modern Spanish texts and their translated equivalents in English. The Introduction sets the study in context and attempts to study the notion of translation in a general context before moving on to a closer examination of the translation of spoken discourse, and the problems which this form of language engenders. Chapter 2 examines the novel El Jarama and its translation in the light of a wide range of the published translation theories of Peter Newmark, and attempts to apply these systematically, in order to evaluate the effectiveness, or otherwise, of these theories. Chapter 3 examines Tiempo de silencio and its English language version, paying particular attention to the forms of discourse employed in the original, notably internal monologue, and the way that these formats affect the impact of the Spanish text, before moving on to examine how these issues have been dealt with in translation. Other elements which may be of relevance to the translator, such as layout and symbolism, and their effect on spoken discourse, are investigated. Chapter 4 deals with a play, Las cartas boca abajo, and its translation for the radio. This study looks at the problems associated with this medium in the context of spoken discourse, as well as examining a number of problems associated with the text, including culture and expansion. The conclusion attempts to set all the points raised in context and address the problem of drawing up a definitive list of criteria for the effective translation of spoken discourse.
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Nguyen, Huy Hieu, and n/a. "The place of translation and interpretation in a five-year English course at the Hanoi College of Foreign Languages." University of Canberra. Education, 1985. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060724.093227.
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In order to raise the standard of teaching and
learning translation and interpretation, one of
the essential points is to understand the fundamental
issues of the theory of translation and interpretation
as well as the qualities expected of translators and
interpreters.
Therefore, this Field Study Report attempts to
review some of the literature available on these
questions and make a survey of various translator
and/or interpreter training courses outside Vietnam.
Then, based upon the implications given by these
theoretical issues and the findings from the survey
of these courses, this Field Study Report tentatively
suggests ways to raise the standard of teaching
translation and interpretation at the Hanoi College
of Foreign Languages.
Accordingly, the context of the Vietnamese
situation is always kept in view throughout these
discussions.
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Skomorokhova, Svetlana. ""Arising from the depths" (Kupala) : a study of Belarusian literature in English translation." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57199/.
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Using Belarusian as a case study of a ‘minority’ European literature, this thesis explores the role of literary translation in the negotiation and promotion of a national identity (represented by two opposing discourses of “Old/European” and “New/Soviet” ‘Belarusianness’) as accomplished through translation from a lesser-known European tongue into the current global hegemonic language. In so doing, the research provides a wide historical panorama of all known literary translations from Belarusian to English, focusing on those published in the 20th and 21st centuries. While outlining the major tendencies of the translation process, the study considers the issues of both reception (focusing on the TL literary system) and representation (focusing on the negotiation of a Belarusian identity), recognising complex ideological, historical and political processes which accompany and, in many cases, predetermine translations and translation strategies. After examining the available terminology for the description of ‘minority’ in literary theory and translation studies, this research considers Belarus’ position as an Eastern European, post-Soviet country and discusses the case for the adoption of a postcolonial approach to the interpretation of ‘Belarusianness’. Another innovative aspect of the study lies in the contribution of a non-Western perspective to the current discussion of European minority languages in translation studies (Baer 2011; Branchadell and West 2005; Cronin 1995, 2003; Tymoczko 1995, 1999). A pioneering work on the history of Belarusian-English literary translation, this research defines several periods of translation activities: the ‘early’ translations of the 1890s – 1940s which mark the discovery of Belarusian folklore; the translations of the ‘Cold War’ period (1950s – 1980s) with two opposing ‘camps’ producing works provoked by nationalist (Western-based translations) or socialist (Soviet Union) ideologies; and, finally, the current post-independence period of Belarusian-English translation (1991-2012), with an analysis of the reasons for a relative inactivity. The evidence is based on a wide range of translations published as individual books and anthologies of poetry and prose, as well as those found in periodicals. It also includes previously unpublished findings from materials located in personal and national archives in Russia, Belarus, and the UK.
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Berk, Özlem. "Translation and westernisation in Turkey (from the 1840s to the 1980s)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1999. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4362/.
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This thesis examines the role and function translations played in Turkish history, especially within the framework of its Westernisation movement from the mid-nineteenth to the late twentieth centuries. A descriptive approach is adopted, aiming to identify cultural patterns which shape and reflect translational decisions and help to a better portrayal of the socio-cultural context of translation during the time span examined. To this end, the thesis seeks to describe in detail historical, political, literary and linguistic factors which have affected the translation activity. The main assumption of this thesis is that acculturation was used as the main strategy in translations from Western languages during the periods which were marked with an extensive translation activity, especially during the nineteenth century and the first decades of the Republican era. This acculturation strategy not only helped to enrich the target literary system, bringing new literary models (genres), new subject matter, developing the language and giving rise to a new Turkish literature, it also had an effect upon the broader socio-cultural polysystem, especially on the process of identity creation. The analysis of the social, political and cultural conditions and policies suggests that the status given both to the source and target cultures has been the main factor for the acculturation. As examined in the last part of the thesis, a shift of power relations in the Turkish context, especially after the 1980s, marked a new kind of an acculturation strategy and a certain movement of resistance. The thesis concludes that there is need to know more about different translation histories in order to learn more about the acculturation process and to move beyond a Eurocentric view, and an interdisciplinary approach should be taken for such research.
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Evaldsson, Sanna. "From to-infinitives to gerunds : - an essay on the translation of non-finite clauses." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5732.
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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Title: </strong>From <em>To-</em>infinitives to Gerunds – an Essay on the Translation of Non-finite Clauses</p><p><strong>Author: </strong>Sanna Evaldsson</p><p>The aim of this study is to find out how non-finite clauses are translated into Swedish and what translation strategies are applied in the process of translation. Non-finite clauses are very effective stylistic devises providing condensed and concise language, which is useful in academic texts. Even though English and Swedish are both languages of Germanic origin and share similarities, the translation of these clauses into can be difficult due to the languages’ different uses of non-finites.</p><p>To provide with material for this essay, a translation of a text written by Nicholas Cook has been made by the author of the essay and the two texts have been compared in order to make generalizations. The <em>to-</em>infinitive, the present participle, the past participle clauses and the gerund are features which are treated in this study. They are treated separately and their translations are compared with the secondary literature, which include grammars and books on translation theory.</p><p>The results for this study show that the translation strategies used for these types of clauses are ‘equivalence’, ‘structural shift’, ‘correspondence’, ‘transposition’ and ‘level shift’. The former three seem to be the most common, while the latter two are less frequently used.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: non-finite clauses, <em>to-</em>infinitive, present participle, past participle, gerund, translation.</p>
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Hlongwani, Given Jacqe. "An analysis of the challenges with respect to attaining equivalence in translation of literature pertaining to Sexually Transmitted Diseases from English into Xitsonga." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11532.
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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>Translation has been a practice that has assisted many languages the world over to develop to become languages of power. The purpose of this project was to elicit some translation challenges that translators face when translating from English into Xitsonga. It is not easy to translate a document in which the domain has not been explored because the translator has to juggle with terminology which does not exist in the indigenous language. In this project, I have made an attempt to use different theories that can guide us when we encounter a lemma which does not exist in the target language. The challenges that are faced by one indigenous language in South Africa in language development through translation are the same as for most other indigenous languages.
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Lejervall, Madeleine. "A Tourist Translation : Passives, adjectives, terminology and cultural aspects in translation from English to Swedish in the tourist brochure Dover Castle." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-647.
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<p>This study deals with difficulties of different nature encountered in the process of translating a tourist booklet on Dover Castle, published by English Heritage. The study focuses on grammatical aspects as the translation of the passive and attributive adjectives, and lexical aspects as the translation of terminology and cultural words and expressions. The analysis is based on Peter Newmark's translation theory and translation strategies. Passives and adjectives have been divided into groups based on the translation models and strategies used, and the focus is on changes in the grammatical structure. Most passives were rendered as passives in Swedish by the use of s-passives, which involves a change in the grammatical structure. Most adjectives in the source text were translated by the use of a corresponding adjective in the target language, with no change in the grammatical structure. However, some adjectives were translated using for example a prepositional phrase or a compound noun.</p><p>The analysis on terminology and cultural aspects focuses on what translation strategies have been used and problems that may occur concerning such aspects. Most source language terms were translated by the use of corresponding target language terms found in dictionaries or parallel texts. Some of the terms were transferred into the target text in their source text form, with an added explanation.</p><p>The cultural aspects consisted mainly of names, which were dealt with in different ways. Some were transferred using the source language form, and in some cases conventionalised Swedish forms were used. The main aim of the translation has been to render the text as natural as possible in Swedish, and the main aim of the analysis has been to discuss certain aspects of difficulty that occurred in the translation process.</p>
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Marshall, Susan LaVonne. "Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for foreign language and speech translation technologies in a coalition military environment." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Mar%5FMarshall.pdf.
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Kronvall, Maria. "Translating emergency medicine from English to Swedish : A translation study on noun compounds in medical terminology." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65511.
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Fröderberg, Shaiek Christopher. "Copy of a Copy? : Indirect Translations from Bengali into Swedish Translated via English." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-170433.
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This study investigates indirect translations translated from Bengali source texts to Swedish target texts via English intermediary texts by comparing Pedersen’s (2011) Extralinguistic Cultural References in coupled pairs from all three languages. The purpose of this study is to examine how indirect translations differ from direct translations and to discern whether there are specific translation strategies that translators use when transferring Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs) from a third language. The results were analyzed with a perspective based on translation norms, previous research into indirect translation, and the concept of foreignization/domestication in mind. The results show that an indirect translation can be closer to the original source text than the intermediary text it was based on in the first place. This was demonstrated with the Swedish TTs displaying more source-oriented transfer strategies compared to the English ITs, which displayed a higher amount of target-oriented strategies used by the translators. An unexpected finding was noted in the analysis material, namely that misunderstandings or deviations present in the ITs were not necessarily transferred to the TTs, which goes against previous research into indirect translations (cf. Dollerup 2000; Tegelberg 2011; Ringmar 2016). This supports similar results as found in Adler (2016) and Hekkanen (2014). In conclusion, the results suggest that the tendency of high-prestige literature resulting in adequate translations would be stronger than the tendency of indirect translations resulting in acceptable translations in the context of the Swedish target system. The source-oriented strategies in the TTs could also be seen as resistancy to target norms by the translators to create foreignizing translations.
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Craven-Bartle, Peltola Cecilia. "Changes in the Syntactic Structure in Translations from English into Swedish." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Humanities, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2130.
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<p>The purpose of this essay is to study how the major syntactic structure is affected when a literary text is translated from English into Swedish. That is, to study what operations take place and the frequency of the different operations in a translation. The purpose is also to see how much the freedom of translation varies between different translators.</p>
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Matthews, Esther Margaret. "The translation of original metaphors from Spanish to English in two novels by Carmen Laforet, 'Nada' and 'La isla y los demonios'." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2017. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1300/.
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This thesis is about 'new' metaphor, conceived and created by authors, often called 'original metaphor' in the world of Translation Studies. It is the most extreme form of figurative language, ‘often dramatic and shocking in effect’ Newmark (1982, p.84). The translation of original metaphor can produce unexpected juxtapositions of language, suggesting as many different results as there are translators, Nevertheless, many theorists (e.g. Reiss, 1971; Newmark, 1988; Ribé, 1997) say this type of metaphor should be translated ‘literally’, or word for word as far as possible, suggesting there might be uniformity between translators’ solutions. This study investigates how literary translators approach this challenge, focusing on Spanish-English translations of a novel containing plenty of original metaphors: Nada (1945), by Spanish author Carmen Laforet (1921-2004). Original metaphors from the text are compared to four published English translations by Inez Muñoz (1958), Charles Franklin Payne (1964), Glafyra Ennis (1993) and Edith Grossman (2007) in a corpus based study. It shows that they use a variety of methods to translate the metaphors, but translate 'literally' in well over half of them. In a two-part translation exercise and questionnaire, professional literary translators are asked to translate some of these metaphors. Again, many different strategies are employed, but over half of them are translated as literally as possible within the confines of English grammar and syntax. Although this investigation is limited to one author and language pair, it gives a clear indication that although literary translators vary exceedingly in their solutions, on the whole they prefer to translate original metaphors as literally as possible. Given that the essence of original metaphor is that it reflects the author’s personality, this demonstrates literary translators’ seeming desire to reproduce an author’s distinctive character as exactly as possible for their readers. The finding is applied to a new English translation of the first part of La isla y los demonios, Laforet’s second novel, which forms the practice part of this PhD. A literal strategy has been used to translate the original metaphors in the text, some of which have then been reviewed by an experienced editor of literary texts in English for a further insight into their acceptability.
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Mickelsson, Sparv Susanne. "From the midst of darkness to a nugget of hope : Post-nominal of-phrases in translation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98238.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyze how post-nominal of-phrases are translated from English to Swedish in a non-fiction text about the musician Dave Grohl and his band Foo Fighters. The analysis is both quantitative and qualitative. The of-phrases are categorized according to Keizer’s (2007) categories, and the results show that most of-phrases are translated to prepositional phrases, although it differs which prepositions are used, depending on the type of ofphrase. For of-phrases of the possession-type, i is the most common preposition, and for compound-like of-phrases, av is the most common preposition. Of-phrases of possession-type are also frequently translated into genitive constructions, especially if the possessor is animate or syntactically light. Other structural changes also occur in the translation, although no pattern was found for this strategy in the analysis.
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Haroon, Haslina. "The publication of Malay literary works in English translation : problems of translating from a language of limited diffusion (LLD)." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2001. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2924/.
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This thesis addresses the issue of the publication of translations, specifically the under-representation of literary works in one language of limited diffusion (LLD), the Malay language, in English translation. It sets out to examine the role of two parties which are thought to play a vital role in the publication of Malay literary works in English translation for international consumption: publishers in the United Kingdom and the translation organisation in Malaysia. The aim of the research, more specifically, is to investigate how both parties bear upon the translation of Malay literary works into English. Some of the questions which are central to the issue of the publication of Malay literary works in English translation include: To what extent are the two parties involved in the publication of Malay literary works in English translation for international consumption? What are the policies of these organisations where the translation of Malay literary works and other literary works in LLD are concerned? Who decides what to translate? What factors are taken into account in deciding what to publish in English translation? Given that this thesis sets out to examine the role of the two parties mentioned above, two main strategies have been employed: surveys and case studies. Drawing on responses from individuals from publishing companies, translation organisations, and other organisations which support translation, I have been able to show that the problem in the publication of Malay literary works in English translation is not merely a translation problem but also a problem of image and promotion. This study thus details the different forces working against the translation of Malay literary works into English for international consumption.
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Bourada, Rim. "The language introduction program in Sweden : How is translanguaging used in English education?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-169745.
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This degree project focuses on the English classroom in the Swedish language introduction program, more specifically on the use of translanguaging as a teaching tool for newly arrived students. This thesis is an attempt to better understand the classroom dynamics in the program during English lessons by answering the following questions: What are the challenges of teaching English in the language introduction program in Sweden? What do teachers think about translanguaging as a teaching tool in the language introduction classes? Is using it taking advantage of pre-existing knowledge? The research was conducted with three teachers from one school in central Stockholm, all coming from different socio-cultural backgrounds and having varying degrees of experience as teachers. The data was gathered through classroom observations and interviews, which allowed for triangulation, thus offering a better understanding and a deeper view of their teaching practices. Three lessons were observed, one with each teacher. These observations were conducted prior to the interviews, to facilitate the comparison between the teaching styles of each teacher. Doing so allowed for more exhaustive and informative interviews. Although the qualitative nature of the data does not allow for the results to be generalizable, triangulation does give the results legitimacy and transferability. The results of this research will be beneficial in understanding how to tackle a multilingual environment, given that that is the direction in which Sweden is heading.
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Olsson, Hagman Anneli. "Metaphors and Japan : Translating Conceptual Metaphors from a Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104752.
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The metaphor is known for creating problems when it comes to translation, not only because of cultural aspects but also because of a lack of a unified terminology and theory for translation strategies. This also applies to conceptual metaphors which are the subject of analysis in this paper where an English survival guide to the Japanese culture has been translated into Swedish. As both languages are of the Germanic family, the hypothesis argues that the relation between them is noticeable in the translation work as well as a tendency towards paraphrasing due to a richer vocabulary in the source language. Regarding conceptual metaphors, the aim is to analyse if there are any correlations between the type of metaphor and the choice of translation strategy as well as what factors affects said strategies. The results not only showed that the distribution of translation strategies supports the preferred order of priority in the background theory but also that there were very noticeable differences within the three metaphor categories. Factors affecting these results were found to differ between the categories due to the distinct differences in the metaphorical structures. These findings suggest that there indeed are correlations between the metaphor categories and their translation strategies. The closeness between the source and target languages were also found to be evident while at the same time indicating a tendency toward paraphrasing.
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Rainsberg, Bethany Rose Banister. "Rewriting the Greeks: The Translations, Adaptations, Distant Relatives and Productions of Aeschylus’ Tragedies in the United States of America from 1900 to 2009." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274473610.
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Kjellström, Antonia. "What may or may not be certain : A Study of the Translation of Hedging Devices from English to Swedish in a Non-Fiction Text." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86270.
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Hedges, or hedging devices, are strategies that the writer or speaker can use in order to convey probability, impreciseness or vagueness. Hedges can appear in most parts of speech, for example as adjectives, adverbs or modal or lexical verbs. This study investigates the translation of hedging devices in a non-fiction text from English to Swedish. It also discusses the translation strategies used when rendering the hedging devices in the target language. The primary source of this study was a non-fictional academic text on American architectural history. The method consisted of identifying and categorizing the hedging devices of the source text and then identifying the manner in which they were translated. In the quantitative analysis, it was found that the most frequently used translation strategy was retention, i.e. literal translation, but modification and omission were also found. It was also determined that the target text used a slightly higher number of hedging devices, which could suggest a cross-cultural difference between the languages. The qualitative analysis, supported by corpora and parallel texts, found that modification occurred due to cross-cultural differences or translator preferences. Omission mainly occurred when multiple hedging devices appeared in the same sentence and the function of the omitted hedge could be inferred by the surrounding hedges.
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Willis, Jennifer. "Foreign language learning and technology in England from the 17th to 21st centuries : an investigation into the functional and symbolic values attributed to foreign languages in England over four centuries of technological change." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/1000/.
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Seydel, Bianca. "Probably certain : Translating hedges in academic research articles from Swedish to English." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98126.
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While it certainly can be argued that translation is a quite demanding discipline in general, some areas within this field are, naturally, more challenging than others. One of these is hedging, which serves a broad variety of purposes both with regard to the author and to the intended readership, and hence must be translated accordingly. This paper investigates hedges in scientific research articles, the types and frequency of hedges in the analysed Swedish sourcetext (ST) compared to the English target text (TT), and the methods used for translating these hedges and their distribution by means of a short study conducted on two Swedish runology articles. The study’s quantitative analysis shows that the Swedish ST has a clear preference for adverbial hedges, and to an extent, also for modal verb hedges, whereas the English TT – while yielding an even higher preference for adverbials and also for lexical verbs – uses modal verbs much less frequently. It becomes evident that adverbials may feature so strongly in translations because they are easier to recall and to use than more complex structures, especially for L2 speakers. This practice does, however, result in a somewhat less flexible translation. The by far most frequently used translation strategy is faithful translation, particularly for content-oriented hedges. However, a fair number of adaptations (both in modal strength and word class change) and omissions – mostly of modal verbs – as well as numerous additions occurred, initiated by influential factors such as cultural differences regarding natural sounding text, L2 speaker perception of equivalence and/or lack of suitable linguistic equivalents. Thereby, the English translation showed a tendency toward adapting weaker modals compared to their Swedish ST equivalents, confirming the greater reader-orientation of English research articles.
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Wichmann, Laura. "An neue Sprachufer übersetzen: Zur Didaktik der Literarizität und dem Potential eines erweiterten Übersetzungskonzeptes im Kontext von Deutsch als Fremdsprache." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96946.
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Dobinson, Toni. "The recall and retention of new vocabulary from second language lessons." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1996. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/954.
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This study set out to take a close look at English language lessons and the Individual language learners ability to recall new words arising In those lessons. Learners were asked to report the new vocabulary items that they could recall immediately after a lesson. Many words were recalled and in some Instances the same word was recalled by more than one learner whereas in others, learners recalled words not recalled by anyone else. Just under half of the words recalled, fitted the former category and just over half fitted the latter category. The amount of vocabulary recalled by individuals varied enormously although the average recalled was 6 items per learner. The majority of these words were two syllable nouns with neutral, abstract connotations. Some part words were recalled also. The rate of retention for these words was high over a six week period and some words which had originally been recalled only weakly (In other words without their meanings) came to be recalled Strongly (or with their meaning as well) over time, trusting the learner as a reliable and valuable source of data in terms of reporting the conscious processes undergone during a lesson, the researcher documented each individual's introspections of the processes involved in the noticing, recollection and retention of Items of vocabulary from the lessons. The decision to investigate only those words recalled by more than a quarter of the learners was made fairly early in the study, as the researcher was keen to see why certain words were recalled by learners much more than others. The learners gave reasons which could be grouped together under the headings of Interaction with the Data, Classroom Interaction, Personal Agenda/Priorities and Previous Learning/ Beyond the Classroom. Reasons given most often related to the category of Interaction with the Data. The second largest group of reasons given for recall of new words from the lessons related to Classroom Interaction. II seemed that reamers attributed noticing and recollection of new words to the fact that they had worked on the words in some way or been affected by qualities of the words themselves. In other words, they maintained that recall was due to the fact that they had interacted with the data presented In the lesson rather than interacted with the teacher or other students. Reasons relating to Personal Agendas/ Priorities and Previous Learning! Beyond the Classroom were present in the study but did not form a significant part of all reasons given. The researcher also decided to check if what learners had said was true in the case of events occurring in the classroom interaction and, at the same time, see If any trends could be ascertained In terms of links between features of the discourse and recall of new words. It was found that events recalled by learners in the classroom Interaction were borne out in almost all cases. What was more, nearly all words recalled by more than a quarter of learners had been 'mentioned' during the lesson, Words which had been 'repeated', 'focused upon', ‘introduced then reintroduced' during the lesson and were at the centre of a lot of 'turn-taking' were more likely to be recalled. This was only true up to a certain point, however. Too much of any of these things seemed to produce a negative relationship with recall or the relationship already established with a smaller amount of these variables present, remained unchanged. There appeared to be links between more student 'repetition' of words, and greater recall of that word, however, it was not necessary for learners to participate in the classroom interaction in order to recall large numbers of new words. Overall the study found that words which were made explicit in some was for learners and given attention during the lesson they were likely to be recalled by more learners.
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Fredholm, Kent. "Eleverna, datorn och språket : Studier av skoldatoriseringens effekter på elevers attityder, skrivstrategier och textproduktion i spanskundervisningen på gymnasiet." Licentiate thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för språkdidaktik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-119892.
Full textAbstract:
Kent Fredholm (2015). Eleverna, datorn och språket: Studier av skoldatoriseringens effekter på elevers attityder, skrivstrategier och textproduktion i spanskundervisningen på gymnasiet. (The Pupils, the Computer and the Language: Studies of the Effects of School Computerisation on Pupils’ Attitudes. Writing Strategies and Written Text Production in Upper Secondary School Spanish Classes.) Stockholm University, Studies in Language Education 12. ISBN 978-91-7649-090-7. Written in Swedish, English and Spanish with abstracts in the three languages and a summary in English. The present work is based upon three studies performed between 2012 and 2014 at the Swedish upper secondary school with pupils studying Spanish as a foreign language. The first study investigates through lesson diaries and an online survey the pupils’ attitudes towards and perceptions of computer use in language learning at large, and specifically of online grammar exercises as compared to paper-based exercises. The participating pupils showed mixed attitudes towards using online exercises for grammar practice, with high demands on websites’ design and user friendliness, as well as for the correctness and reliability of automated corrections. A majority preferred mixed teaching methods (including computer use, teacher-led explanations and the use of paper- and pen-based exercises, especially translation tasks). The major advantage of using computers was considered to be for essay writing and information search. The second study investigates how a group of pupils use online resources when writing essays in Spanish, focussing on their extensive use of online translation services such as Google translate. The writing strategies of these pupils with free access to the Internet are compared to the strategies of another group working without Internet access. The third study examines effects of the use of online translation on the language in the pupils’ essays. The texts written with online translation are compared to texts written without Internet access, but with access to printed dictionaries. Few statistically significant differences can be seen between the two groups. These concern grammatical and lexical complexity and accuracy. The most clear differences regard spelling and article/noun/adjective congruence (with higher degrees of accuracy among the users of online translation), and syntax (with fewer errors in the group writing without online translation). The grammatical complexity was also somewhat higher in the online translation group. As for fluency (text length) and complexity, differences can be correlated to the pupils’ proficiency in Spanish, whereas no such correlation can be seen regarding accuracy.
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Sello, Kagiso Jacob. "Analyse matricielle définitoire : outil linguistique au service de la conception d’un programme de traduction pour des étudiants de langues étrangères." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040092.
Full textAbstract:
Notre constat de départ est que malgré un intérêt croissant des institutions enseignant les langues étrangères pour l’enseignement de la traduction, il n’existe à notre connaissance aucune étude portant sur la conception d’un programme de traduction professionnelle adapté à des apprenants de langues étrangères qui leur permettrait d’acquérir la compétence traductionnelle, c’est-à-dire les savoirs et savoir-faire nécessaires au traducteur en contexte professionnel. Ces institutions confondent souvent l’enseignement de la traduction et la traduction utilisée comme outil d’enseignement des langues étrangères. Le programme de traduction de l’université du Botswana ne fait pas exception, et nous proposons donc de le reconceptualiser afin qu’il réponde aux exigences de la profession. Par la mise à l’épreuve du modèle de l’analyse matricielle définitoire, outil linguistique destiné à interpréter et comparer la manière dont les langues naturelles construisent le sens, la présente thèse se propose de déceler les paramètres de l’environnement d’apprentissage sur lesquels une intervention est requise pour améliorer la qualité du programme et le rendre plus efficace. Pour ce faire, nous analyserons les erreurs de traduction commises par les étudiants qui suivent ce programme en vue d’en identifier les sources et de prendre les mesures destinées à en réduire la probabilité d’occurrence par la définition d’objectifs d’apprentissage adaptés à ce public, accompagnés des bases d’une solide assise théorique à destination de l’enseignant<br>Our initial observation is that, in spite of the growing interest in teaching translation in institutions offering foreign language programmes, no study, to our knowledge, has been done on the designing of a professional translation programme appropriate for foreign language learners which could allow them to acquire translation competence, that is, knowledge and skills required by translators in a professional setting. These institutions often confuse teaching of translation and use of translation as a foreign language teaching tool. The translation programme of the University of Botswana is no exception, and we therefore propose to redesign it so that it can respond to the requirements of the profession. By putting to test the Defining Matrix Analysis model, a linguistic tool intended to interpret and compare the way natural languages construct sense, this thesis proposes to find the parameters of the learning environment on which an intervention is required in order to improve the quality and the efficiency of this programme. To achieve this goal, we are going to analyse translation errors made by students who are pursuing this translation programme with the aim of identifying their sources and taking measures destined to reduce their probability of occurrence by defining learning objectives adapted to this group of learners, accompanied by a solid theoretical basis for teachers
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Hodder, Mike. "Petrarch in English : political, cultural and religious filters in the translation of the 'Rerum vulgarium fragmenta' and 'Triumphi' from Geoffrey Chaucer to J.M. Synge." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:49cdf913-cd2a-48c6-bf1e-533052018285.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is concerned with one key aspect of the reception of the vernacular poetry of Francesco Petrarca (Petrarch), namely translations and imitations of the Rerum vulgarium fragmenta (Rvf) and Triumphi in English. It aims to provide a more comprehensive survey of the vernacular Petrarch’s legacy to English literature than is currently available, with a particular focus on some hitherto critically neglected texts and authors. It also seeks to ascertain to what degree the socio-historical phenomena of religion, politics, and culture have influenced the translations and imitations in question. The approach has been both chronological and comparative. This strategy will demonstrate with greater clarity the monumental effect of the Elizabethan Reformation on the English reception of Petrarch. It proposes a solution to the problem of the long gap between Geoffrey Chaucer’s re-writing of Rvf 132 and the imitations of Wyatt and Surrey framed in the context of Chaucer’s sophisticated imitative strategy (Chapter I). A fresh reading of Sir Philip Sidney’s Astrophil and Stella is offered which highlights the author’s misgivings about the dangers of textual misinterpretation, a concern he shared with Petrarch (Chapter II). The analysis of Edmund Spenser’s Amoretti and Epithalamion in the same chapter reveals a hitherto undetected Ovidian subtext to Petrarch’s Rvf 190. Chapter III deals with two English versions of the Triumphi: I propose a date for Lord Morley’s translation which suggests it may be the first post- Chaucerian English engagement with Petrarch; new evidence is brought to light which identifies the edition of Petrarch used by William Fowler as the source text for his Triumphs of Petrarcke. The fourth chapter constitutes the most extensive investigation to date of J. M. Synge’s engagement with the Rvf, and deals with the question of translation as subversion. On the theoretical front, it demonstrates how Synge’s use of “folk-speech” challenges Venuti’s binary foreignising/domesticating system of translation categorisation.
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Лавриненко, Олександр Юрійович, Александр Юрьевич Лавриненко та Oleksandr Lavrynenko. "Методи підвищення ефективності семантичного кодування мовних сигналів". Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/52212.
Full textAbstract:
Дисертаційна робота присвячена вирішенню актуальної науково-практичної
проблеми в телекомунікаційних системах, а саме підвищення пропускної здатності каналу
передачі семантичних мовних даних за рахунок ефективного їх кодування, тобто
формулюється питання підвищення ефективності семантичного кодування, а саме – з
якою мінімальною швидкістю можливо кодувати семантичні ознаки мовних сигналів із
заданою ймовірністю безпомилкового їх розпізнавання? Саме на це питання буде дана
відповідь у даному науковому дослідженні, що є актуальною науково-технічною задачею
враховуючи зростаючу тенденцію дистанційної взаємодії людей і роботизованої техніки
за допомогою мови, де безпомилковість функціонування даного типу систем
безпосередньо залежить від ефективності семантичного кодування мовних сигналів. У
роботі досліджено відомий метод підвищення ефективності семантичного кодування
мовних сигналів на основі мел-частотних кепстральних коефіцієнтів, який полягає в
знаходженні середніх значень коефіцієнтів дискретного косинусного перетворення
прологарифмованої енергії спектра дискретного перетворення Фур'є обробленого трикутним фільтром в мел-шкалі. Проблема полягає в тому, що представлений метод
семантичного кодування мовних сигналів на основі мел-частотних кепстральних
коефіцієнтів не дотримується умови адаптивності, тому було сформульовано основну
наукову гіпотезу дослідження, яка полягає в тому що підвищити ефективність
семантичного кодування мовних сигналів можливо за рахунок використання адаптивного
емпіричного вейвлет-перетворення з подальшим застосуванням спектрального аналізу
Гільберта. Під ефективністю кодування розуміється зниження швидкості передачі
інформації із заданою ймовірністю безпомилкового розпізнавання семантичних ознак
мовних сигналів, що дозволить значно знизити необхідну смугу пропускання, тим самим
підвищуючи пропускну здатність каналу зв'язку. У процесі доведення сформульованої
наукової гіпотези дослідження були отримані наступні результати: 1) вперше розроблено
метод семантичного кодування мовних сигналів на основі емпіричного вейвлетперетворення, який відрізняється від існуючих методів побудовою множини адаптивних
смугових вейвлет-фільтрів Мейера з подальшим застосуванням спектрального аналізу
Гільберта для знаходження миттєвих амплітуд і частот функцій внутрішніх емпіричних
мод, що дозволить визначити семантичні ознаки мовних сигналів та підвищити
ефективність їх кодування; 2) вперше запропоновано використовувати метод адаптивного
емпіричного вейвлет-перетворення в задачах кратномасштабного аналізу та семантичного
кодування мовних сигналів, що дозволить підвищити ефективність спектрального аналізу
за рахунок розкладання високочастотного мовного коливання на його низькочастотні
складові, а саме внутрішні емпіричні моди; 3) отримав подальший розвиток метод
семантичного кодування мовних сигналів на основі мел-частотних кепстральних
коефіцієнтів, але з використанням базових принципів адаптивного спектрального аналізу
за допомогою емпіричного вейвлет-перетворення, що підвищує ефективність даного
методу.<br>The thesis is devoted to the solution of the actual scientific and practical problem in
telecommunication systems, namely increasing the bandwidth of the semantic speech data
transmission channel due to their efficient coding, that is the question of increasing the efficiency
of semantic coding is formulated, namely – at what minimum speed it is possible to encode
semantic features of speech signals with the set probability of their error-free recognition? It is
on this question will be answered in this research, which is an urgent scientific and technical task
given the growing trend of remote human interaction and robotic technology through speech,
where the accurateness of this type of system directly depends on the effectiveness of semantic
coding of speech signals. In the thesis the well-known method of increasing the efficiency of
semantic coding of speech signals based on mel-frequency cepstral coefficients is investigated,
which consists in finding the average values of the coefficients of the discrete cosine
transformation of the prologarithmic energy of the spectrum of the discrete Fourier transform
treated by a triangular filter in the mel-scale. The problem is that the presented method of semantic coding of speech signals based on mel-frequency cepstral coefficients does not meet
the condition of adaptability, therefore the main scientific hypothesis of the study was
formulated, which is that to increase the efficiency of semantic coding of speech signals is
possible through the use of adaptive empirical wavelet transform followed by the use of Hilbert
spectral analysis. Coding efficiency means a decrease in the rate of information transmission
with a given probability of error-free recognition of semantic features of speech signals, which
will significantly reduce the required passband, thereby increasing the bandwidth of the
communication channel. In the process of proving the formulated scientific hypothesis of the
study, the following results were obtained: 1) the first time the method of semantic coding of
speech signals based on empirical wavelet transform is developed, which differs from existing
methods by constructing a sets of adaptive bandpass wavelet-filters Meyer followed by the use
of Hilbert spectral analysis for finding instantaneous amplitudes and frequencies of the functions
of internal empirical modes, which will determine the semantic features of speech signals and
increase the efficiency of their coding; 2) the first time it is proposed to use the method of
adaptive empirical wavelet transform in problems of multiscale analysis and semantic coding of
speech signals, which will increase the efficiency of spectral analysis due to the decomposition
of high-frequency speech oscillations into its low-frequency components, namely internal
empirical modes; 3) received further development the method of semantic coding of speech
signals based on mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, but using the basic principles of adaptive
spectral analysis with the application empirical wavelet transform, which increases the efficiency
of this method. Conducted experimental research in the software environment MATLAB
R2020b showed, that the developed method of semantic coding of speech signals based on
empirical wavelet transform allows you to reduce the encoding speed from 320 to 192 bit/s and
the required passband from 40 to 24 Hz with a probability of error-free recognition of about 0.96
(96%) and a signal-to-noise ratio of 48 dB, according to which its efficiency increases 1.6 times
in contrast to the existing method. The results obtained in the thesis can be used to build systems
for remote interaction of people and robotic equipment using speech technologies, such as speech
recognition and synthesis, voice control of technical objects, low-speed encoding of speech
information, voice translation from foreign languages, etc.
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Gieser, Julianna Hawkins. "Academic stress and the transition from a national school to an English-speaking school." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), access this title online Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com.
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Ngô, Van Chan. "Formal verification of a synchronous data-flow compiler : from Signal to C." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067477.
Full textAbstract:
Synchronous languages such as Signal, Lustre and Esterel are dedicated to designing safety-critical systems. Their compilers are large and complicated programs that may be incorrect in some contexts, which might produce silently bad compiled code when compiling source programs. The bad compiled code can invalidate the safety properties that are guaranteed on the source programs by applying formal methods. Adopting the translation validation approach, this thesis aims at formally proving the correctness of the highly optimizing and industrial Signal compiler. The correctness proof represents both source program and compiled code in a common semantic framework, then formalizes a relation between the source program and its compiled code to express that the semantics of the source program are preserved in the compiled code.
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Ibero, Carlos. "El modelo transformacional de la gramática generativa en la práctica de la subtitulación : Aplicación destinada a transmitir la significación y superar las limitaciones espacio-temporales." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36678.
Full textAbstract:
Subtitling is a discipline within the Audiovisual Translation (AVT) field that requires some special techniques and strategies to channel the information from a multichannel and polisemiotic document into a written text within the screen. It’s a constrained translation that demands an additional effort to convey the content and the form of the source text into the target one. The aim of this paper is to analyse whether the model of the kernel sentences and clausal ranks of the generative-transformational grammar would work as a more systematic method to extract the essential information of the audiovisual text and organize it in more concise and reduced units of text, i. e., the subtitles. We will also analyse whether this linguistic approach will be enough to meet our objective or if, on the other hand, other extralinguistic aspects intervene. The texts we will be using for our study are Roy Andersson’s commentary on three deleted scenes of his film “Songs from the second floor” and the documentary Den lilla människans storhet, a behind-the-scenes or making-of on the same feature.
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Oyetoyan, Oludamilola Iyadunni. "Towards vocational translation in German studies in Nigeria and beyond: lessons from translation teaching and practice in Germany." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14852.
Full textAbstract:
Innerhalb des Faches ‚Auslandsgermanistik‘ existieren bislang keine einheitlichen überschaubaren Richtlinien und Handlungsschritte für die Lehre des berufsorientierten Übersetzens auf allen sprachlichen Leistungsniveaus in Fremdsprachenstudien. Trotz der Einbeziehung der Sprachmittlung in den Gemeinsamen Europäischen Referenzrahmen (GER), ist hier ein professioneller Gebrauch der sprachmittlerischen Fertigkeiten in der Auslandsgermanistik nicht einbezogen (Fitzpatrick 1997:66). Daraus folgt die noch existierende Trennung der Fertigkeiten, die in den Fächern Übersetzungswissenschaft und Fremdsprachenstudien (im konkreten Fall hier: Auslandsgermanistik) zu trainieren sind.
Weitere Folgen solcher Abgrenzungen lassen sich in einem sich noch entwickelnden Land wie Nigeria finden. In diesem Land gibt es aufgrund der Nichtverfügbarkeit von qualifizierten Lehrenden im Fach ‚Übersetzen‘ (de-en, en-de) keine funktionale Übersetzerausbildung, es fehlt auch eine Berufsorientierung im Germanistikstudium für nigerianische Germanistikstudierende. Außerdem bedürfen die Wirtschaftsbeziehungen zwischen Nigeria und Deutschland einer funktionierenden und belastbaren ‚Arbeitsbühne‘, die die Weiterentwicklung der Wirtschaft im Bereich der sprachlichen Dienstleistungen fördert und nicht, wie bisher, einschränkt.
In dieser Dissertation wurde daher untersucht, wie das berufliche Übersetzen im Rahmen einer berufsbezogenen Fremdsprachlehre eingebunden werden kann. Am Beispiel des Germanistikstudiengangs in Nigeria lässt sich das anpassungsfähige Modell eines berufspraktischen Lehrplans zum Übersetzen ‚VOTT‘ als Zusatz zu den schon bestehenden Lehrplänen entwickeln.
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Eloi, Kuswikidila Kibungu. "Implications for the teaching of English as a foreign language in Zaire arising from interference from French into English." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5893.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.<br>This dissertation is focused on errors made by Zairean students who learn English as a foreign language; the difficulties encountered by teachers, which inhibit them from performing their work properly and from achieving the prescribed objectives. The analysis of the whole situation shows that many features need to be improved. The government has to define clearly the objectives of learning English in Zaire and thus revise the formation program for the teacher to be. The school must equip the teachers with modern didactic materials for a better performance of the actors in presence. Time-table as well as the curriculum need to be revised in accordance with the main objectives. Finally, the student's interest and his/her environment must be motivated to render the learning of English much easier.
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Sá, Cristiane Lucio de. "The use of drama in the foreign language classroom to empower adolescents: an analysis carried out with teachers from Rio de Janeiro." Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/130801.
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Sá, Cristiane Lucio de. "The use of drama in the foreign language classroom to empower adolescents: an analysis carried out with teachers from Rio de Janeiro." Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/130801.
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Damun, Dakom Alfred. "The rephonologization of Hausa loanwords from English: an optimality theory analysis." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20802.
Full textAbstract:
Faculty of Humanities
School of Literature, Language and Media
University of the Witwatersrand
A Master’s Dissertation<br>This study investigates how Hausa, a West Chadic language (Afro Asiatic phyla) remodells loanwords from English (Indo – European) to suit its pre-existing phonology. Loanword adaptation is quite inevitable due to the fact that languages of the world differ, one from another in many ways: phonological, syntactical, morphological and so on (Inkelas & Zoll, 2003, p. 1). Based on this claim, receptor languages therefore employ ways to rephonologize new words borrowed into their vocabularies to fit, and to conform to native structure demands. Hausa disallows complex onsets, preferably operates open syllables and avoids consonant clustering in word-medial positions as at its best can tolerate no more than a single consonant at a syllable edge (Clements, 2000; Han, 2009). On the contrary, English permits complex onsets as well as closed syllables (Skandera & Burleigh, 2005). Such distinctions in both phonologies motivate for loanword adaptation. Hausa therefore employs repair strategies such as vowel epenthesis, consonant deletions and segmental substitutions and/or replacements (Newman, 2000; Abubakre, 2008; Alqhatani & Musa, 2014) to remodell loanwords. For analytical purposes, this research adopts theoretical tools of Feature Geometry (FG) (Clements & Hume, 1995) and Optimality Theory (OT) (Prince & Smolensky, 2004) to clearly illustrate how loanwords are modified to satisfy Hausa native demands (Kadenge, 2012). Vowel epenthesis in Hausa involves two main strategies: consonantal assimilation and default insertions. During consonantal assimilation, coronal and labial segments spread place features unto the epenthetic segment in the process determining the vowel type and/or quality, while in the case of default insertions, fresh segments are introduced context independently. Concerning segmental substitutions, most notably are English consonants /p/ and /v/ maximally replaced with similar ones, [f] and [b] that exist in Hausa on the basis that former and latter segments share same phonation features
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Wei, Yu-Ching, and 魏郁青. "The establishment and the cultural practices of Departments of Foreign languages and literatures in National Taiwan University from 1945 to 1960." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75846540431691388933.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>台灣文學研究所<br>100<br>In the early postwar period, the National Taiwan University, which undertook the Taipei Imperial University established by the Japanese in the colonial period and received by the Government of the Republic of China in 1945, was reorganized as the National Taiwan University. While the Nationalist government relocated to Taiwan in 1949, the University established and to carried out the new look. After the regime''s Evolution of the early postwar period, National Taiwan University ran across the two eras and the staff group was fromed by people from Japan, China, and Taiwan which created a unique university culture. Formation in this culture is undoubtedly worthy of attention and discussion due to the cultural context and historical factors. Therefore, this article proceed with Beijing and Tsinghua University, which are the representative of the modern foreign language education in the history, comparing with the Taipei Imperial University of Western Literature Seminar to explore the pre-war foreign literary education, and adjourned to explore the post-war National Taiwan University Department of Foreign Languages , including its curriculum structure and features. By comparing with the two contrast, it shows the inheritance relationship. Futhermore, use the cultural practices of foreign languages and literature scholar in National Taiwan University College as another entry point to observe these scholars’ contribution outside the education field.
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Keady, Joseph. "A Translation of Dominik Nagl’s Grenzfälle with an Introductory Analysis of the Translation Process." 2020. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/881.
Full textAbstract:
My thesis is an analysis of my own translation of a chapter from Dominik Nagl's legal history 'Grenzfälle,' which addresses questions of citizenship and nationality in the context of the German colonies in Africa and the South Pacific. My analysis focuses primarily on strategies that I used in an effort to preserve the strangeness of a linguistic context that is, in many ways, "foreign" to twenty first-century North Americans while also striving to avoid reproducing the violence embedded in language that is historically laden with extreme power disparities.
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Ghimpe, Roxana Elena. "Análise contrastiva entre preposições romenas e portuguesas através do uso de recursos bilingues." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/41528.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Português Língua Não Materna (MPLNM) Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE) e Língua Segunda (PL2)<br>O uso das preposições, quer para os falantes da língua romena que tencionem aprender
português, quer para os falantes da língua portuguesa que pretendam adquirir a língua romena, é uma
questão complexa que apresenta algumas particularidades. Assim, este trabalho debruçar-se-a sobre a
utilização desta classe de palavras, através de uma análise bilingue, neste par de línguas.
Com o intuito de verificar o emprego, em português, de um grupo específico de dezanove
preposições romenas, este estudo serviu-se de ferramentas variadas para investigar e comparar a
validez da sua utilização.
Assim, para alcançar o primeiro objetivo, o de encontrar equivalentes das preposições em
análise, dispomos da aplicação Google Translator. Posteriormente, efetuamos uma análise a um
dicionário bilingue, com o propósito de observar a sua qualidade como produto. Finalmente, usamos o
corpus paralelo DGT Translation Memory, disponibilizado pela Direção Geral da Comissão Europeia
para estudar a veracidade dos equivalentes fornecidos.
Com a análise destes três recursos, elaboramos uma observação contrastiva entre a
ferramenta física (o dicionário) e o corpus escolhido, tendo por base os equivalentes facultados pelo
Google Translator. Durante este trabalho detetamos algumas colocações gramaticais romenas, pelo
que explicitamos alguns contextos da sua utilização.
Por fim, tomando em consideração as limitações que fomos encontrando no leque dos
recursos que utilizamos, foi-nos possível concluir que consultar um corpus linguístico em muito
poderá auxiliar o trabalho lexicográfico, na medida em que esta apresenta soluções céleres e fiáveis
para as questões de caráter bilingue, nomeadamente, equivalentes na língua de chegada.<br>The use of the prepositions, either by the speakers of the Romanian language who intend to
learn Portuguese or by the speakers of Portuguese language who intend to acquire the Romanian
language is a complex matter that presents some particularities.
As so this work will address the utilization of this class of words, through a bilingual analysis,
for this specific pair of languages.
With the aim of checking the employment, in Portuguese, of a group of nineteen Romanian
prepositions, this study uses various tools to investigate and compare their real use.
To reach the first goal, of finding equivalents of the preposition that are being studied, we used
the Google Translator web application. Afterwards an analysis to a bilingual dictionary was made,
with the intent of observing its quality as a product. Finally, we used the DGT Translation Memory
parallel corpus, made available freely by the European Commission's Directorate-General for
Translation, to study the use of the obtained equivalents in real world text.
With the analysis of these three resources, we elaborated a contrastive study between the
physical tool (the dictionary) and the chosen corpus, having as a base the equivalences obtained using
the Google Translator. During this study we detected some Romanian locutions as translations for
some specific Portuguese prepositions. Therefore we describe some contexts of their use.
Lastly, taking into account the limitations found in the used, we conclude that the use of a
linguistic corpus helps the lexicographical work, inasmuch as it presents rapid and reliable solutions to
the issues of bilingual character particularly, equivalents in the target language.
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Madiba, Mbulungeni Ronald. "Strategies in the modernisation of Venda." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17285.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis addresses the problem of the lack of a systematic approach to the
modernisation of the indigenous languages of South Africa, with particular
reference to Venda. Thus, a systematic approach is proposed in this study for the
development of modem terminology in Venda. This approach is based on the
canonical model for language planning. In this model, terminology development
should follow the following four steps: (1) analysis of the terminological needs of
the situation, (2) preparation of a plan and strategies for research, (3)
implementation of terminology in practice by means of suitable policies, and
lastly, (4) evaluation and constant updating of terminology.
Within the canonical model for language planning, different models or
frameworks are proposed. First is the theoretical model, which follows the
pragmatic approach rather than a purist approach and takes into consideration
other extralinguistic factors such as the nature of the special subject field, the
needs of the target users and the socio-cultural context. The pragmatic approach
is divided into two phases, namely the borrowing phase and the indigenisation
phase. In the borrowing phase the borrowed terms are incorporated into the
language with immediate effect and these terms may be replaced by indigenous
terms in the indigenisation phase where less specialised communication is used.
In the indigenisation phase, different language internal term formation strategies
were identified, namely semantic shift, derivation, compounding, paraphrasing,
initialisms, acronyms, clipping and new word manufacture. It was established that
the use of these term formation strategies in Venda requires linguistic expertise, technical expertise and cultural expertise. Accordingly, a sociolinguistic approach
is recommended rather than a purely linguistic approach.
Lastly, a model of practical terminology work and a model for cooperation and
coordination are proposed for terminology work in this language. With regard to
the former, various steps that should be followed in terminology work are
outlined. In the latter model various language agencies, such as government
departments, parastatals and non-governmental organisations that may be
involved in the modernisation of this language are identified. A framework in
which these agencies could cooperate and coordinate their terminology work is
proposed.<br>Linguistics<br>D.Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)