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Friström, Bala Paula. "A cognitive approach to figurative language : Translating conceptual metaphors and hyperboles." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44856.
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The present study combines quantitative and qualitative methods to investigate translation strategies applied in a translation of a few chapters in Cat Counsellor, which is a book about cat behaviour. A cognitive approach and translation strategies are the focus of this essay, which arrives at the conclusion that figurative language in general, and conceptual metaphors and hyperboles in particular, are used to manipulate, or rather convince readers of Cat Counsellor of a certain outlook. The translation strategies investigated in this essay are literal translation, transference translation and meaning translation. Of these translation strategies literal translation was applied 70% of the time, which indicates that similar cultures use similar figurative language. It also indicates that the target text and language often benefit from new figurative language rendered in the source language and source text. An important conclusion is that metaphorical language, such as conceptual metaphors and hyperboles may seem easy to translate, while in fact concepts can vary across cultures, which indicate that the translator carefully has to consider his or her translation choices in order to produce an accurate translation.
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Pettersson, Fredrik. "The Heart of Language : Translating Metaphors in an Informative text." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12564.
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This paper is an analysis of the translation of metaphors in an English informative text and its Swedish translation. The English source text is entitled The Madonna of Stalingrad: Mastering the (Christmas) Past and West German National Identity after World War Two,and the Swedish target text is entitled Madonnan från Stalingrad: att behärska det (nazistiska) förflutna och västtysk identitet efter andra världskriget.The aim of this essay is to investigate how metaphors in an English informative text can be translated to Swedish. The analysis is based on translation strategies suggested by Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), and Newmark (1988). The understanding of metaphors is based on theories by a number of scholars, such as Lakoff and Johnson (1980), and Knowles and Moon (2006). In this paper, metaphors are divided into two groups, referred to as “literal metaphors” and “aesthetic metaphors”. The point is to convey that metaphors are not always “poetic” but actually very common in everyday language; we usually do not reflect upon the fact that we use metaphors all the time. The result of the analysis shows that English and Swedish metaphors are often based on the same images, which indicates that English and Swedish Language cultures are similar. The analysis also shows that even though literal translation of English metaphors often is possible, in many cases transposition or especially modulation is required to make the metaphor idiomatic in Swedish. In most cases, the need for another solution than literaltranslation seems to be linked to context.
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Wang, Yifang. "Translating linguistic metaphors in both directions : a process-oriented study on English-Chinese translation." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7291/.
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Distinguished from conceptual metaphor, linguistic metaphor refers to metaphor in fixed linguistic form (words, phrases or sentences) of expression. (Lakoff 1993, pp. 202-203) With the development of modern technology, researchers started to investigate the translation process of linguistic metaphor from empirical approaches (e.g. Sjørup, 2013; Zheng and Xiang, 2011 etc.). However, one critical issue remains unexplored: the relationship between translation directionality and the process of linguistic metaphor translation. To fill this gap on the language pair Chinese and English, this study is designed to investigate the impact of linguistic metaphor on cognitive effort, and whether this impact is affected by directionality. Thirty-eight novice translators performed a series of translation tasks (first language (L1): Chinese; second language (L2): English), and their performances were recorded by eye tracking, key logging and cue-based Retrospective Think Aloud devices. For objective description, four eye-key combination indicators are calculated in Generalised Linear Models to demonstrate translators’ allocation of cognitive resources, namely, Total Attentional Duration (TA duration), AU count, AU duration and pupil dilation. The findings suggest that: for the sequential and parallel coordination of Source Text (ST) processing and Target Text (TT) processing, TT processing receives significantly more cognitive effort than ST processing and parallel processing, which partially confirms that Carl and Dragsted (2012) and Hvelplund (2011)’s views on translators’ allocation of cognitive resources are valid for the language pair English and Chinese. Furthermore, it is discovered that the qualitative data from the subjective reflection vary with the quantitative results in this study. For metaphor’s impact on cognitive effort, expression type (linguistic metaphor) can significantly affect participants’ allocation of cognitive resources in both translation directions (Sjørup, 2013; Dagut, 1987; Newmark, 1988), but the results of different indicators are not consistent. And there is also a significant difference between eye-key data and participants’ subjective self-reflections. For the translation directionality, the results partially confirm that the “translation asymmetry” (Chang, 2011) is valid on metaphor related processing: at some perspectives, the translation directionality can significantly affect the relationship between metaphor related expression types and attention-distribution pattern of translation process.
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Olsson, Hagman Anneli. "Metaphors and Japan : Translating Conceptual Metaphors from a Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104752.
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The metaphor is known for creating problems when it comes to translation, not only because of cultural aspects but also because of a lack of a unified terminology and theory for translation strategies. This also applies to conceptual metaphors which are the subject of analysis in this paper where an English survival guide to the Japanese culture has been translated into Swedish. As both languages are of the Germanic family, the hypothesis argues that the relation between them is noticeable in the translation work as well as a tendency towards paraphrasing due to a richer vocabulary in the source language. Regarding conceptual metaphors, the aim is to analyse if there are any correlations between the type of metaphor and the choice of translation strategy as well as what factors affects said strategies. The results not only showed that the distribution of translation strategies supports the preferred order of priority in the background theory but also that there were very noticeable differences within the three metaphor categories. Factors affecting these results were found to differ between the categories due to the distinct differences in the metaphorical structures. These findings suggest that there indeed are correlations between the metaphor categories and their translation strategies. The closeness between the source and target languages were also found to be evident while at the same time indicating a tendency toward paraphrasing.
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Lei, Yan Bo. "Metaphors in Chinese literary translation : a case study of Fortress Besieged." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2525529.
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Herrloff, Kerstin. "WikiLeaks Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy : A Translation Study of Metaphors and Metonomy in Two Newspaper Articles from the Guardian." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-14717.
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Abstract The purpose of this essay was to examine what methods might be used in translation from English to Swedish of two informative newspaper articles about current events, which took place in 2010 and 2011, viz. the publishing of secret documents on the Internet by JulianAssange and WikiLeaks. The study is based on Lakoff and Johnson’s theories on metaphorical concepts, presented in their work Metaphors We Live By (1980/2003), and the focus of the translation study is on metaphors and metonomy. The texts contain a large number of metaphors. Almost 100 of those have been listed in an Appendix, attached to this paper, and a great many of these metaphors were analysed. The special metaphor types of metonomy and personification were studied separately, as well as together with the rest of the metaphors. The theoretical model used was Vinay and Darbelnet’s theories of direct and oblique translation, comprising the following seven strategies: literal translation, borrowing, calque, transposition, modulation, equivalence and adaptation. Other theorists, whose professional expertise and experience proved useful in this work, were Munday, Newmark and Ingo. Parallel texts, monolingual dictionaries and the Internet were also most valuable in the translation process. Choosing the appropriate and correct vocabulary and expression in the target language was not always an easy task, and certain words and passages translated were revised on several occasions. As for the translation strategies used, equivalence was the most interesting one, and transposition should perhaps have been used to a larger extent. Literal translation was probably used most of them all.
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Ho, Hoa-yan Esther. "Anaphoras and metaphors in Japanese and English implications for translation /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37860525.
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Ho, Hoa-yan Esther, and 何浩恩. "Anaphoras and metaphors in Japanese and English: implications for translation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B37860525.
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Helleklev, Caroline. "Metaphors and Terminology in Social Science : A translation and an analysis." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-530.
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<p>This essay deals with the translation and analysis of a text on human rights. The analysis focuses on terminology, figures of speech, idiomatic expressions and oblique translation (modulation). The core of the essay concerns terminology and metaphors (or figures of speech), with the last two parts complementing the first two. For the terminology part Victor H Condé (1999) is the main source, when dealing with figures of speech both George Lakoff & Mark Johnson (1980) as well as Christine Alm-Arvius (2003) are the sources used. In the third part the theoretical source is Rune Ingo (1991), and in the last part Vinay & Darbelney’s (Munday 2003) ideas on modulation are discussed.</p><p>The source text was rich in metaphors. For this reason it proved very interesting and illuminating to discover how many metaphors that we (or at least the translator) may be unaware of that we use every day. In the text there were both easy-to-spot metaphors, for example half-digested medieval ideas, as well as the ones that are more hard to find, for example on what foundations do rights rest.</p><p>It was the terminology that posed the biggest challenge during the translation process. However, several of the terms are used in almost the same form and manner in the two languages, two examples are policy (policy) and regime (regim). The challenge here was if a term was used in the same manner in English as in Swedish and in such cases the Swedish Parliament’s website www.riksdagen.se was very useful. Another challenge has been idioms and expressions since it was sometimes hard to find good translations for them and many times the whole context was the key to finding out the author’s intent. An example of this is keep both feet firmly planted on the ground which was translated into som försöker vara så verklighetsknutet som möjligt.</p><p>Keywords: translation, human rights, figures of speech, terminology, modulation</p>
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Tcaciuc, Luciana. "Translation practices at the European Central Bank with reference to metaphors." Thesis, Aston University, 2013. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/19561/.
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The European Union institutions represent a complex setting and a specific case of institutional translation. The European Central Bank (ECB) is a particular context as the documents translated belong to the field of economics and, thus, contain many specialised terms and neologisms that pose challenges to translators. This study aims to investigate the translation practices at the ECB, and to analyse their effects on the translated texts. In order to illustrate the way texts are translated at the ECB, the thesis will focus on metaphorical expressions and the conceptual metaphors by which they are sanctioned. Metaphor is often associated with literature and less with specialised texts. However, according to Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) conceptual metaphor theory, our conceptual system is fundamentally metaphorical in nature and metaphors are pervasive elements of thought and speech. The corpus compiled comprises economic documents translated at the ECB, mainly from English into Romanian. Using corpus analysis, the most salient metaphorical expressions were identified in the source and target texts and explained with reference to the main conceptual metaphors. Translation strategies are discussed on the basis of a comparison of the source and target texts. The text-based analysis is complemented by questionnaires distributed to translators, which give insights into the institution’s translation practices. As translation is an institutional process, translators have to follow certain guidelines and practices; these are discussed with reference to translators’ agency. A gap was identified in the field of institutional translation. The translation process in the EU institutions has been insufficiently explored, especially regarding the new languages of the European Union. By combining the analysis of the institutional practices, the texts produced in the institution and the translators’ work (by the questionnaires distributed to translators), this thesis intends to bring a contribution to institutional translation and metaphor translation, particularly regarding a new EU language, Romanian.
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Berglind, Petra. "Die Bildsprache in einem reithistorischen Text. : Übersetzung von Metaphern, Metonymien und Vergleichen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-14721.
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This essay deals with translation issues arising when translating a German source text dealing with the field of riding history into Swedish. More specifically, the analysis focuses on translation problems and solutions in regard to figures of speech, namely metaphors, metonymies and similies. The metaphors in the source text were divided into three categories depending on their origin, whether they were lexical, conventional or private metaphors. Also the translations of the figures of speech were divided into three categories depending on how the translations were made. The first is called sensu stricto, because the image in the source and the target language correspond here. The second category is called substitution because the image in the source language is shown with another image in the target language. The last category is called paraphrase because the image in the source language is translated with a non figurative expression.
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Eriksson, Maria. "Building a Balanced Organizational Culture – Imagery in Corporate Storytelling : Metaphors and Translation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96428.
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This study investigates the use of metaphors in corporate storytelling and the strategies that may be applied when translating these from English to Swedish. The conceptual metaphor theory was used as a starting point for the investigation of structural metaphors in particular. The results reveal that the most common translation strategy was keeping the same conceptual metaphor in the target text. The second most common strategy was changing into a different metaphor. Moreover, metaphors were often omitted which results in a translation with less evocative imagery. The metaphorical concepts organism and building were found to be the most frequent. The weave metaphor was frequent in storytelling, and the organism, building, and machine metaphors were common in business contexts, similar to what earlier studies have found. Some conceptual metaphors were less frequent in the translation due to cultural differences, although both similarities and differences were encountered when analyzing the metaphorical expressions in detail. The study also reveals that an awareness of organizational metaphors is fundamental in order to render an inspirational and persuasive text in this genre as accurately as possible, while at the same time being faithful to the style and imagery in the original.
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Najjar, Sumaya Ali. "Metaphors in translation : an investigation of a sample of Quran metaphors with reference to three English versions of the Quran." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2012. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6184/.
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This study aims to investigate the challenges of translating metaphors of the Quran. It examines English speakers' understanding of a number of Quran metaphors which are selected from three well known English versions of the Quran translations. In addition, the study highlights the root causes which may be deemed to be a source of misunderstanding Quran metaphors. The study also aims to find out to what extant metaphors of the Quran can maintain their sense in today's context. Translation in today's globalised world is gaining relevance as a means to enhance communication among multicultural nations. Translation studies have contributed significantly in bridging the linguistic and the cultural gap among languages. However, the key literature of this study suggests that, translating metaphors and translating metaphors of the Quran in particular have been under researched as they are very often overlooked in translation studies. The conclusion that can be drawn from the predominant literature related to translation studies is that the on-going debates over the faithful, loyal approaches of translating vs. the free and dynamic methods have generated in parts insightful explanations and interesting and useful, but they have fallen short of providing a general consensus. This study takes the view that there is no master plan for translating and that a word for word approach often leads to stilted translation particularly when dealing with metaphors. Given the nature of the topic under consideration, this study combines both qualitative and quantitative methods. The advantage of the use of both methods for collecting data is highly considered and recommended. Utilization of this combination enhances the trustworthiness of findings as well as reduces limitations. The qualitative method in this study represents scholars' interpretations and views and a questionnaire as a data collection instrument is adopted to enhance the result of this study. The findings suggest that the three selected English versions of the Quran have fallen short of conveying the meaning of Quran metaphors. The findings also indicate that the meaning is often mistranslated or misleading or misunderstood by English readers.
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Hsieh, Hungpin Pierre. "The Mediator, the Negotiator, the Arbitrator or the Judge? Translation as Dispute Resolution." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30562.
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Metaphors have long shaped the way pure translation studies describe and justify the translation phenomenon by discovering and consolidating underlying principles. Ultimately, by means of metaphor, something that dwells on the interaction of two seemingly distinct things, translation theorists have obtained a better understanding of the category of translation.
Human beings are gregarious, and disputes are inevitable in every society, ancient or modern, primitive or civilized. In fact, conflict is one iron law of life that mankind has had to improvise ways of resolving, from such formal ones as litigation to private ones such as self-help. We may not be able to eliminate dispute altogether, but we can, however, resolve it through creative and civilized means. Translation can be approached in a similar context, except it concerns a metaphorical dispute between cultures and/or languages—and probably on a more intangible and subtle platform. Disparate cultures, religions and languages in a clash can be brought closer to each other with skillful translation, and hence, translation is a variation of dispute resolution.
That never went totally unnoticed. Over the years, countless translation metaphors have been constructed and exploited with very different results, which indicates how interdisciplinary a subject translation studies really is. Yet, apparently, translation is most often metaphorized as mediation and negotiation but rarely as arbitration or litigation, and one cannot but wonder whether this happened out of sheer coincidence or because of some misunderstanding.
Thus, much as I appreciate what theorists have accomplished with translation metaphors, in regard to didactics and heuristics, my primitive observation is that translation theorists and practitioners have never made full use of metaphorization in that they might have had an incomplete idea of dispute resolution theory in general. After all, a metaphor is, ideally, meant to facilitate active learning and full integration of new knowledge, but there still remains a missing piece that is part and parcel of our metaphorization of translation. Specifically, translators have always embraced the amicable terms of negotiation and mediation, distancing themselves from non-mainstream ones such as arbitration and litigation. To that end, in my thesis, I will explore and examine translation through slightly renewed lenses, demonstrating how and why our metaphor schema and mapping should originate in dispute resolution, and why litigation, and perhaps even arbitration as dispute resolution mechanisms, would serve as good a metaphor—if not a better one—for translation. It is my resolute belief that the translator is more qualified as a judge, a respectable professional vested with immense judicial power, than as a mediator, who is but a third-party neutral facilitating dialogue between two disputants. Only in this way can metaphors do translation theory a great service by furnishing it with a renewed and objective description of translation.
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Abdullah, Sharmini. "Translating specialized metaphors in technical discourse : an analysis of 'Foundations of Engineering' and its Malay translation 'Asas Kejuruteraan'." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/62660.
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This doctoral study explores whether engineering metaphors are used in the translation of an engineering text from English to Malay and examines how the usage of metaphors in the target text (TT) compares to that in the source text (ST). The study focuses on Holtzapple and Reese’s “Foundations of Engineering” and its Malay version “Asas Kejuruteraan” translated by Juneta Zawawi. The “Metaphor Identification Procedure” (MIP) by the Pragglejaz Group is applied in the process of gathering examples while the Cognitive Metaphor Theory is used for the purposes of metaphor analysis. A combination of Newmark’s (1988), Deignan’s (2005) and Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) classifications of metaphor are used to categorize the SL and TL metaphorical expressions. Metaphor translation procedures identified were benchmarked to those proposed by Newmark (1988). Analysis of the 174 ST and 82 TT engineering metaphors reveals that the use of metaphorical language does indeed characterize the English technical text and its translation into Malay. Identifying equivalence in the TL discloses somewhat similar problems to those that are present in literary metaphor translation. The ease of translation and the identification of suitable engineering metaphors are not determined solely by the type of metaphor but rather are also partially dependent on cultural and linguistic factors. Metaphor translation procedures as outlined by Newmark are found to be unable to account for all the examples, which results in the creation of the two variants of one of his translation procedures, the proposal of three new ones that are identified and the abandonment of two of his procedures. The selection of translation procedure appears to be dependent not only on the metaphor type but also on whether the translator simply decides to use equivalent SL metaphors or non-metaphorical expressions in the TL. It is also highly likely that the type of text being translated plays a role.
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Santos, Emerson Cristian Pereira dos. "Conceptual Metaphors Based in Life, Death and Resurrection and its Translation to Libras." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=18437.
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nÃo hÃ<br>This research analyzes in which ways the conceptual metaphors based in âlifeâ, âdeathâ and âresurrectionâ, presents in the John`s Gospel of the Bible in Portuguese language, were translated into Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). Firstly, I do a mapping of the metaphors, and later on I check how the cognitive aspects underlying each one of them are structured, both in the source language as in the translation of them. In this regard, I use the postulates of the Theory of Conceptual Metaphor, designed by Lakoff and Johnson (2003), the postulates of Fauconnier and Turner (2002) about the conceptual blending and the postulates of KÃvecses (2005, 2010) about the role of cultures upon their own conceptualizations. In order to explain some phenomena, specifically from translation, such as the new implicit information, I bring some discussion about some views of the Relevance Theory, from Sperber and Wilson (2001), whereby I also check in which ways the translator`s inferences keep or change the conceptual metaphors from a religious sensitive text in the Brazilian deaf culture. As it can be seen, the research upon this thesis connects the Translation Studies and the Cognitive Linguistics, and some of the results propose that the same embodied experience can generate distinct conceptual metaphors in two also distinct cultures. As I am analyzing the translation of the Bible as a sensitive text, some of the results also point to changes in the conceptual metaphors, due to the translation, may cause changes in the chains of significances related to the Christian symbols.<br>Este trabalho analisa de que forma as metÃforas conceituais baseadas em âvidaâ, âmorteâ e âressurreiÃÃoâ, presentes no evangelho de JoÃo da BÃblia em lÃngua portuguesa, foram traduzidas para a LÃngua Brasileira de Sinais (LIBRAS). Primeiro eu faÃo um mapeamento das metÃforas, e depois verifico como os aspectos cognitivos subjacentes a cada uma delas estÃo estruturados, tanto na lÃngua-fonte quanto na traduÃÃo. Para isso, utilizo os pressupostos da Teoria da MetÃfora Conceitual, de Lakoff e Johnson (2003), as proposiÃÃes de Fauconnier e Turner (2002) sobre a mesclagem conceitual e o entendimento de KÃvecses (2005, 2010) sobre o papel das culturas diante de suas prÃprias conceitualizaÃÃes. Para explicar alguns fenÃmenos especÃficos da traduÃÃo, tais como as novas informaÃÃes implÃcitas, trago para a discussÃo alguns entendimentos da Teoria da RelevÃncia, de Sperber e Wilson (2001), por meio da qual eu verifico tambÃm de que forma as inferÃncias do tradutor mantÃm ou modificam as metÃforas conceituais de um texto sensÃvel religioso na cultura surda brasileira. Como pode ser percebido, a pesquisa desta dissertaÃÃo conecta os Estudos da TraduÃÃo à LinguÃstica Cognitiva, e alguns dos resultados sugerem que uma mesma experiÃncia corporificada pode gerar metÃforas conceituais distintas em duas culturas tambÃm distintas. Como estou analisando a traduÃÃo da BÃblia como texto sensÃvel, alguns dos resultados tambÃm apontam que as mudanÃas nas metÃforas conceituais, em virtude da traduÃÃo, podem acarretar mudanÃas na rede de significÃncias envolvida com os sÃmbolos cristÃos.
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Heikkilä, Sara. "Functions and Strategies : The translation of narrative metaphors in a popular scientific text." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45415.
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The aim of this paper is to describe how functions of metaphors relate to translation strategiesin a translation of a popular scientific article from English to Swedish. The investigation isbased on a close reading of the source and target texts which identifies metaphors of fourdifferent functions: pedagogical, theory-constitutive, decorative and narrative. The methodfor metaphor identification is adapted from Merakchi and Rogers (2013) while the translationstrategies discussed have been borrowed from Toury (2012). These strategies reflect realtranslator behaviour and take into account source and target texts equally. The investigation starts with a quantitative summary of translation strategies which showsthat in the vast majority of cases metaphors exist simultaneously in the source and targettexts, whether it is as ―the same‖ or a ―different‖ metaphor. The qualitative analysis bringsforward that metaphors in general have a narrative function, sometimes in addition to adifferent function. It goes on to show that narrative themes are important to create links i)within the text, ii) to the scientific community and iii) within a wider cultural context, andthat this works for both source and target text independently.
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Rižakovaitė, Laima. "Metaforų vertimas Hermano Melvilio romane "Mobi Dikas"." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060605_221126-83938.
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The subject of the present research is the phenomenon of metaphors in the novel “Moby Dick” by Herman Melville (translated by Irena Balčiūnienė) in the aspect of translation. The aim is to analyze the ways of translating metaphors and to determine what structural changes they undergo in the process of translation. For this purpose 711 examples of metaphors have been selected and classified according to their translation into the Lithuanian language from the point of view of co-text (i.e. the linguistic environment of the metaphor.
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Björklund, Elin Maria. "Metaphorical mountainscapes : Translating metaphors, similes and metonymy in an adventure travel guide." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97999.
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This study examines the translation of an adventure travel guide from English to Swedish, focusing on the translation of conventional metaphors, original metaphors, metonymy and similes, with special attention to conceptual metaphors. The results show that most of the metaphors are reproduced in the target text, along with most of the metonymic segments and all similes. The findings suggest that the relatively high rate of metaphors and metonymy reproduced is due to a high degree of shared metaphorical concepts in source and target culture, whereas the decrease likely is due to an asymmetry in the preference of usage and degree of elaboration for these metaphors. The qualitative analysis shows that many conceptual metaphors fulfilled important functions in the source text, which confirms previous research that preserving the conceptual metaphors as much as possible in the translation process is essential in order to preserve all the functions of the source text. Analysis of metonymy and the personification of cities shows how the metonymic concept place for person is related to the central theme of personification and that this concept is likewise used to fulfill an important purpose of the source text, showing that metonymy is equally important to preserve in the translation process. The results of this study suggest that the choice of translation strategy in some cases is less dependent on category and more dependent on to what extent the cultural concepts that the metaphor/simile/metonymy is based on is similar/different, more/less elaborate or more/less preferred in source and target culture.
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Nikolausson, Elenore. "Translating the Western Wear of the Singing Cowboy and Cowgirl : A Study on the Translation of Terminology, Metaphors, and Similes." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36883.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss different translation strategies that may be used in translation from English to Swedish of a text on Country & Western costuming. The focus will be on terminology, metaphors, and similes. In order to discuss the terminology, the metaphors, and simile, an English text has been translated into Swedish. To ensure a correct understanding of the source text, different dictionaries, encyclopaedias, various search engines and viewing services online have been very useful throughout the translation process. Corpora together with retailers’ web sites have also been valuable sources in providing variation and nuances to the translated text. Different sources on translation theory have also been reviewed; Newmark (1988) and Vinay and Darbelnet (1995). Terms have been selected out of their typical characteristic of being Western wear, and metaphors and simile out of their context to Western wear clothing. The results of the analysis show that a translator does not make use of one translation procedure when translating, but several. Which procedure that will be carried out is dependent on the context of the source text, the readership of the target text, the source text’s degree of specificity of the terminology, the source text’s imagery of the metaphors and simile, and the translator’s interpretation of the source text.
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Šilova, Julija. "Problems Related to the Translation of Symbols and Metaphors: Analysis of Edith Wharton's Ethan Frome and its Translation into Lithuanian." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080806_142902-45656.
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This thesis discusses the use of symbolic elements and metaphors in Edith Wharton’s novel Ethan Forme and analyzes the problems related to rendering them into Lithuanian. Edith Wharton (1862-1937) is a famous turn of the century American writer whose works describe the life of the American nation in the period between the end of the Civil War and the beginning of the First World War. Ethan Frome (1911) describes a poor farmer of New-England village whose marital entrapment and desperate love for his wife’s cousin Mattie eventually lead him to committing suicide which does not kill him but leaves him crippled for the whole life. The study is based on the following two translation theories: the theory suggested by Hasan Ghazala (2003) which is applied to the analysis of translation of metaphors in the novel, and the theory designed by Jean Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet (1958) used in the analysis of translation of symbols.
The present thesis is divided into five main parts and has one appendix. Part one introduces the main topic and aims, provides the main biographical facts about the author and critical view on the novel. Part two presents the socio-historical and biographical context for Edith Wharton’s Ethan Frome. Part three reveals the issues of theoretical background and theoretical approaches to the main concepts of a symbol and metaphor. Here, the working definition of symbol is provided referring to Edgar V. Roberts and Henry E. Jacobs (1989), Clarence Hugh Holman (198... [to full text]<br>Šiame darbe nagrinėjamos simbolių ir metaforų vertimo problemos, analizuojant Edith Wharton romaną „Itenas Fromas“ ir jo vertimą į lietuvių kalbą. Edith Wharton (1862-1937) – yra žymi Amerikiečių literatūros klasikė, kurios literatūriniuose kūriniuose yra aprašomas Amerikos tautos gyvenimo laikotarpis nuo Pilietinio karo pabaigos iki Pirmojo pasaulinio karo pradžios. Romanas „Itenas Fromas“ (1911) – tai istorija apie eilinį Naujosios Anglijos fermerį, kuris, vedęs tironišką žmoną, kantriai tempia vedybinio gyvenimo naštą. Darbas remiasi dviem pagrindinėmis vertimo teorijomis: Hasano Ghazala (2003) pasiūlyta teorija, kuri yra taikoma metaforų vertimo analizei, ir Jean Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet (1958) vertimo strategijų teorija, taikoma simbolių vertimo analizei. Darbą sudaro penkios pagrindinės dalys ir vienas priedas. Pirmoje dalyje pristatoma pagrindinė tema, autoriaus biografiniai duomenys ir kritikų nuomonė apie romaną „Itenas Fromas“. Antroje dalyje nagrinėjamas socio-istorinis romano kontekstas. Trečią dalį sudaro teorinė medžiaga bei simbolio ir metaforos apibrėžimas, remiantis Edgaro V. Robertso and Henry E. Jacobso (1989), Clarence Hugh Holmano (1980) ir Edwino Gentzlerio (2000) teorijomis. Ketvirtoje dalyje analizuojamos romane rastos metaforos ir simboliai, nagrinėjamos jų vertimo iš anglų į lietuvių kalbą problemos. Penktoje dalyje aptariamos tyrimo išvados. Priede pateikiama romano „Itenas Fromas“ siužeto santrauka.
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Waldau, Therese. "Metaphors and Translation : A Study of Figurative Language in the Works of Astrid Lindgren." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Humanities, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-11750.
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<p>The aim of this study was to find out if there are any differences in the use of metaphors and similes in children’s literature translated from Swedish into English. With two books selected by the same Swedish author, three groups of metaphors were studied -- structural, orientational and ontological metaphors -- as well as two groups of similes -- same image and similar image similes. The result showed that the Swedish versions of the two books contained more metaphors than the English versions, whereas the similes occurred to the same extent in both languages. </p>
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Eriksson, Ingrid. "Retaining or losing the conceptual metaphor : A study on institutional translation of metaphors in political discourse from English into Swedish and Spanish." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-171437.
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The translation of metaphors has been analyzed and discussed for several decades, but there are not many multilingual studies that examine how metaphors are translated. The present study takes a cognitive approach to metaphor and investigates how translators at the European Commission handle metaphorical expressions and the underlying conceptual metaphors in political discourse. The source text is the English language version of the policy document A European Agenda on Migration, and the Swedish and Spanish language versions of it are included as target texts. The study identifies the conceptual metaphors that conceptualize migration and other topics that are closely related to the European migrant and refugee crisis of 2015 and the translation procedures that are used. A total of six translation procedures were found in the target texts, and the most used procedure in the Spanish target text was to retain both the conceptual metaphor and the metaphorical expression, whereas the most used procedure in the Swedish target text was to replace the metaphorical expression with a completely different one and thereby using a different conceptual metaphor. The parallel analysis of all three language versions also revealed that non-metaphorical expressions in the source text were occasionally replaced with metaphorical expressions in the target texts, which proves that adding a conceptual metaphor is one of many translation procedures. The most frequently used source domains in the source text, i.e. water, enemy and applied force, were transferred to both target texts. Some source domains were eventually lost, but a couple of new ones, such as disease and weight, were added instead.
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Sundqvist, Jenny. "In other words : Metaphorical concepts in translation." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-77558.
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Awareness of metaphors brings awareness to how language is structured in a text. This study, based on Lakoff & Johnson’s theory of conceptual metaphors, will discuss the different types of metaphorical concepts found in the source text and target text during the translation of two articles by the author Mohsin Hamid. The quantitative part of the study will present different types of metaphors and how they translate into Swedish. The qualitative part will focus on how the author uses, and constructs his own, structural metaphors as a rhetorical device. Newmark and Schäffner’s translation strategies for metaphors will be considered and applied in combination with two translation theories: Nord’s theory of text functions alongside Venuti’s foreignisation theory. The findings will suggest that an increased awareness of metaphorical concepts can be beneficial for translators and assist them in understanding how the author of the source text has structured the language and thought content in the text.
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Turner, Carol. "Walking and Wandering among Mountains and Monsters : A study of metaphors and lexical variation in translation in a text about the Lake District." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86094.
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This essay studies the translation of metaphorical concepts and lexical variation in relation to walking in a text about hiking in the Lake District. These two linguistic features are deemed to be important in fulfilling the communicative intention of the source text and the aim of the essay is to investigate to what extent these two linguistic features have been retained translation and what motivates different translation strategies. The qualitative study of metaphors focuses on the metaphorical concept THE LAKE DISTRICT IS A PERSON analyses how often different translation strategies are employed when translating metaphors. The results show that which strategy was preferred depended on whether the metaphor was lexicalised or novel and a qualitative analysis aims to explain these differences in preference. A qualitative study of the lexical variation regarding walking between the two languages found the number of different words used to be fairly similar in both languages. Context was determined to be more important than the exact meaning when translating words related to hiking. At times context therefore also motivated a single word to be translated into several different words in the target text or vice versa.
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Rolén, Harriet. "Erlkönigin und Eppelmann : Zur Übersetzung von Bildsprache und kulturspezifischen Elementen in einem politischen Text." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-28879.
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Olsson, Tillström Johanna. "A Study of Metaphors in the Heart of Darkness and their Swedish Translations." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2566.
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<p>The aim of this study is to compare metaphors from the 1970 edition of Joseph Conrsd's Heart of Darkness (originally published in 1902) with their Swedish translations in Mörkrets Hjärta, by Einar Hecksher (2006), to see how mwtaphors have been translated from English into Swedish, i.e. to see if there are any structural differences which cause semantic differences to the metaphors. By comparing the original metaphors with their translations, it is possible to point to difficulties, which may cause problems in the translation process. One example indicates that homonyms can be a problem. Nearly all of the English metaphors have been translated as metaphors in Swedish as well. About half of the metaphors studied have been semantically changed in their translations, yet without any pragmatic differences compared to the originals. It seems not that important which theory about metaphors (e.g. Lakoff, Leech, Levinson, Black) is more 'applicable' than the others with regard to translation. The result of translation of metaphors is more likely due to the translator's perception of the source language, rather than to theories about metaphors per se.</p>
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Görl, Maria. "Fighting for the Podium : Translating metaphors and metonymies in Formula 1 Racing." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67870.
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This essay researches metaphors and metonymy in motorsports language, mainly investigating strategies for translating the structural metaphors RACING is WAR and RACE POSITIONS are RESOURCES and analyzing the results through both a quantitative and qualitative approach. The material for the research was selected parts of former Formula 1 driver Mark Webber’s autobiography, Aussie Grit: My Formula One Journey (2016). For the translation, dictionaries and parallel texts were utilized, and several works on translation theory, such as Ingo (2007), Newmark (1988), and Lakoff & Johnson (2003) were consulted for both the translation and the following analysis. Research into similar metaphors in other sports (such as Shields & Bredemeier (2013) and Bergh & Ohlander (2012)) was analyzed for background on the phenomenon of structural metaphors in sports. The results show that metonyms are prevalent in motorsports language, and structural metaphors are also well established in both the SL and TL. Regarding metonyms, the parallel texts show that proper noun metonyms can be transferred directly. Most metonyms in the ST are of the PLACE for EVENT category (for example names of racetracks/countries used to reference whole races, and the podium being used to reference placing top three or winning). The metaphor structures are also found in the TL, meaning the intended images can largely be maintained without changing the author’s established structure of the source text. Most metaphors and metonyms can thus be translated literally, or with TL equivalents. Where expansions are necessary, the translator can safely fall back on the structures present in motorsports language to ensure a text a reader with previous knowledge of such language will understand.
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Benchetrit, Louise Kate. "Conceptualising the coronavirus pandemic: a corpus linguistic study of metaphors in Italian, British and French coronavirus press discourse." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/22912/.
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As the number of coronavirus cases increased globally, governments started to introduce restrictive measures which many individuals had never experienced before. Heads of state started to use expressions referring to ‘war’, encouraging citizens to help the ‘fight’ against the ‘invisible enemy’. In the cognitive linguist approach, metaphors are believed to involve the ‘thinking’ as well as the ‘talking’ (or writing) of one thing in terms of another. That is, similarities (or correspondences) are perceived between two different ‘domains’ such as ‘covid-19’ and ‘war’. Therefore, ‘fighting the disease’ can be ‘translated’ into ‘reducing infection, illness and death’.
This dissertation aims to identify metaphorical expressions, and the associated conceptual mappings, in the coronavirus media discourse of three countries – Italy, France, and the United Kingdom – over the period of the ‘first wave’. If metaphorical expressions can highlight how we ‘think’ about an event, it is interesting to investigate if all three countries are ‘thinking’ about the novel coronavirus in the same terms. In order to tackle this question, this dissertation has five chapters. First, the cognitive linguistic approach to metaphors is discussed, focusing on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). In chapter two we turn to the corpus linguistic approach and its application to metaphor research. On the basis of this theoretical background, chapter three introduces the methodology employed for this study. Chapter four presents the main results for English, French and Italian. In particular, this study found that the coronavirus is conceptualised as WAR, SUBSTANCE IN MOVEMENT, SUBSTANCE IN A CONTAINER, and OBSTACLE in all three language corpora, while WATER, FAMILY and POSSESSION are unique to the French, Italian and English samples, respectively. Finally, chapter five discusses the findings and the limitations of this study, closing with possible directions for future research.
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Lindblad, Cecilia. "Mass Tourism and the Environment : A Translation Study of Terminology, Metaphors and Hyphenated Premodifiers in Two Articles." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Language and Literature, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6214.
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<p>The following essay is an analysis of a translation from English into Swedish of two articles concerning tourism, travelling and the environment. The language of the articles is expressive and rich in metaphors, which evokes images in the mind of the reader. The translation was performed with the aim to transfer this effect into the translated texts and the aspects to be examined in the analysis were chosen with this in mind.One of the three aspects to be examined is the use of metaphors and how they are translated into Swedish. Many of the metaphors bear reference to travelling and the environment which gives them a function of enforcing the message and engaging the reader in the text. In order to obtain the same effect in the Swedish translations several translation strategies had to be used.The second aspect to be examined is the terminology used within tourism and the environment. The environmental concern is a growing trend which inevitably influences the language and requires a new set of useful and understandable terms. This becomes clear when reading and translating the articles at hand. The environmental terms are fairly new and sometimes hard to distinguish. In this study focus is set on the translation strategies and the procedures used in order to find the Swedish equivalents of the terms in this context.The third aspect is the translation of hyphenated pre-modifiers. This aspect is particularly interesting, since the phenomenon is more or less unknown in Swedish. Of the fifteen hyphenated pre-modifiers in the source texts none were translated into hyphenated pre-modifiers in Swedish although five of them were translated into regular pre-modifiers. The analysis is based on the translation strategies applied and the comparison of syntactic structures of the expressions in English and Swedish.</p>
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Daneback, Jenny. "Disease and disaster : On the translation of illness and natural force metaphors in a journalistic political essay." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65116.
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This essay deals with the translation of certain metaphors in a journalistic political essay. It focuses on metaphor as a conceptual and rhetorical device, and on the translation of metaphors that make use of the source domains NATURAL FORCE and ILLNESS. The aim of the essay is to investigate to what extent the two source domains are transferred to the target text in translation, and to show how the fact that metaphors are both conceptual and rhetorical is reason for why they should be transferred when possible. The study is quantitative in that it looks at frequency of source domain transfer into the target text and at the frequency of a few metaphor translation methods, and it is qualitative in that it explains how the metaphors are both conceptual and rhetorical choices on behalf of the author, and in that it explains and analyses the processes leading to certain metaphor translation strategies. The study finds that four different methods are used when translating the metaphors in questions and that it is by far most common to directly translate them. The second most common strategy allows for the source domain to be transferred to the target text but for the actual lexemes or phrases belonging to it to be exchanged for other lexemes or phrases within the same source domain.
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Wernbro-Augustsson, Birgitta. "Translating "Clarity, Style and Precision" : The Economist's Language from the Translator's Point of View." Thesis, Växjö University, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5370.
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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>The following essay is an analysis of the translation process from English into Swedish of four articles about the oceans of the world, printed in <em>The Economist</em> in December 2008. This publication claims to be using a language characterised by "clarity, style and precision", wherefore these concepts provide the focus for the analysis. "Clarity" was looked at in terms of metaphors, "style" in terms of quotes and allusions present in headlines, leads and subheadings and "precision" was studied in terms of hedging.</p><p> Metaphor is employed as a clarifying device in scientific discourse. The 36 occurring metaphors were classified as either 'dead', 'cliché', 'stock' or 'original'. Dead metaphors, 50% of all, turned out to be highly effective in scientific discourse and therefore the term 'fixed metaphors' would be preferred. The original metaphors used give evidence to the writer's literary ambitions. The translation strategy applied was in most cases literal translation.</p><p> The publication makes frequent use of quotes, allusions and aestheticizing devices in headlines, leads and subheadings. The origins of those stylistic elements are not always transparent and had to be identified. In case of existing recognized translations those were kept; when not available, original translations were attempted. Adopting the house-style by taking balance, metre, rhyme and alliteration into consideration during the translation process was time-consuming, indicating that a fully translated edition on a weekly basis is not feasible. Literal translation was rarely possible, instead equivalence was aimed at.</p><p> Hedging is a means for increased precision in scientific discourse. The main reason for using epistemic hedging with a proposition is face-saving, i.e. the writer avoids responsibility for the truth value of the proposition. 62% of the sentences were found to include at least one hedged instance. The instances of hedging of numerical data and quantifiers were almost equal to the number of hedges referring to the writer's personal stance. Literal translation was adequate for the translation process.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: translation strategies, scientific discourse, metaphors, stylistic devices, hedging </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>The following essay is an analysis of the translation process from English into Swedish of four articles about the oceans of the world, printed in <em>The Economist</em> in December 2008. This publication claims to be using a language characterised by "clarity, style and precision", wherefore these concepts provide the focus for the analysis. "Clarity" was looked at in terms of metaphors, "style" in terms of quotes and allusions present in headlines, leads and subheadings and "precision" was studied in terms of hedging.</p><p> Metaphor is employed as a clarifying device in scientific discourse. The 36 occurring metaphors were classified as either 'dead', 'cliché', 'stock' or 'original'. Dead metaphors, 50% of all, turned out to be highly effective in scientific discourse and therefore the term 'fixed metaphors' would be preferred. The original metaphors used give evidence to the writer's literary ambitions. The translation strategy applied was in most cases literal translation.</p><p> The publication makes frequent use of quotes, allusions and aestheticizing devices in headlines, leads and subheadings. The origins of those stylistic elements are not always transparent and had to be identified. In case of existing recognized translations those were kept; when not available, original translations were attempted. Adopting the house-style by taking balance, metre, rhyme and alliteration into consideration during the translation process was time-consuming, indicating that a fully translated edition on a weekly basis is not feasible. Literal translation was rarely possible, instead equivalence was aimed at.</p><p> Hedging is a means for increased precision in scientific discourse. The main reason for using epistemic hedging with a proposition is face-saving, i.e. the writer avoids responsibility for the truth value of the proposition. 62% of the sentences were found to include at least one hedged instance. The instances of hedging of numerical data and quantifiers were almost equal to the number of hedges referring to the writer's personal stance. Literal translation was adequate for the translation process.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: translation strategies, scientific discourse, metaphors, stylistic devices, hedging </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>The following essay is an analysis of the translation process from English into Swedish of four articles about the oceans of the world, printed in <em>The Economist</em> in December 2008. This publication claims to be using a language characterised by "clarity, style and precision", wherefore these concepts provide the focus for the analysis. "Clarity" was looked at in terms of metaphors, "style" in terms of quotes and allusions present in headlines, leads and subheadings and "precision" was studied in terms of hedging.</p><p> Metaphor is employed as a clarifying device in scientific discourse. The 36 occurring metaphors were classified as either 'dead', 'cliché', 'stock' or 'original'. Dead metaphors, 50% of all, turned out to be highly effective in scientific discourse and therefore the term 'fixed metaphors' would be preferred. The original metaphors used give evidence to the writer's literary ambitions. The translation strategy applied was in most cases literal translation.</p><p> The publication makes frequent use of quotes, allusions and aestheticizing devices in headlines, leads and subheadings. The origins of those stylistic elements are not always transparent and had to be identified. In case of existing recognized translations those were kept; when not available, original translations were attempted. Adopting the house-style by taking balance, metre, rhyme and alliteration into consideration during the translation process was time-consuming, indicating that a fully translated edition on a weekly basis is not feasible. Literal translation was rarely possible, instead equivalence was aimed at.</p><p> Hedging is a means for increased precision in scientific discourse. The main reason for using epistemic hedging with a proposition is face-saving, i.e. the writer avoids responsibility for the truth value of the proposition. 62% of the sentences were found to include at least one hedged instance. The instances of hedging of numerical data and quantifiers were almost equal to the number of hedges referring to the writer's personal stance. Literal translation was adequate for the translation process.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: translation strategies, scientific discourse, metaphors, stylistic devices, hedging </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>The following essay is an analysis of the translation process from English into Swedish of four articles about the oceans of the world, printed in <em>The Economist</em> in December 2008. This publication claims to be using a language characterised by "clarity, style and precision", wherefore these concepts provide the focus for the analysis. "Clarity" was looked at in terms of metaphors, "style" in terms of quotes and allusions present in headlines, leads and subheadings and "precision" was studied in terms of hedging.</p><p> Metaphor is employed as a clarifying device in scientific discourse. The 36 occurring metaphors were classified as either 'dead', 'cliché', 'stock' or 'original'. Dead metaphors, 50% of all, turned out to be highly effective in scientific discourse and therefore the term 'fixed metaphors' would be preferred. The original metaphors used give evidence to the writer's literary ambitions. The translation strategy applied was in most cases literal translation.</p><p> The publication makes frequent use of quotes, allusions and aestheticizing devices in headlines, leads and subheadings. The origins of those stylistic elements are not always transparent and had to be identified. In case of existing recognized translations those were kept; when not available, original translations were attempted. Adopting the house-style by taking balance, metre, rhyme and alliteration into consideration during the translation process was time-consuming, indicating that a fully translated edition on a weekly basis is not feasible. Literal translation was rarely possible, instead equivalence was aimed at.</p><p> Hedging is a means for increased precision in scientific discourse. The main reason for using epistemic hedging with a proposition is face-saving, i.e. the writer avoids responsibility for the truth value of the proposition. 62% of the sentences were found to include at least one hedged instance. The instances of hedging of numerical data and quantifiers were almost equal to the number of hedges referring to the writer's personal stance. Literal translation was adequate for the translation process.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: translation strategies, scientific discourse, metaphors, stylistic devices, hedging </p><p> </p>
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Åkerström, Johanna. "Translating Song Lyrics : A Study of the Translation of the Three Musicals by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-4612.
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The primary aim of the present study is to gain an understanding of the translation process involved when translating song lyrics by investigating to what extent 10 translation features occur in a corpus of 12 song lyrics from the musicals CHESS, MAMMA MIA! and Kristina från Duvemåla. Comparing the source texts to the translated texts, taking into account: number of words, syllables vs. words, word-for-word translations, additions/omissions, metaphors, rhymes, reorganization of text, paraphrases and last if there were any untranslated English words kept in the Swedish version – led to the conclusion that the translation strategy of using paraphrases (express something written in other words) was the most common translation strategy used when translating song lyrics. In addition, translating song lyrics also requires a translator who is musical, has good association skills, a large vocabulary and is also very good at playing with words. Taking the findings into consideration it could be said that the word 'translation' should be avoided in reference to the act of transferring the song lyrics of a musical in one language into another language. More apt descriptive phrases for this process would probably be 'text arrangement' or 'interpretation'.
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Merakchi, Khadidja. "The translation of metaphors in popular science from English into Arabic in the domain of astronomy and astrophysics." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2018. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/848802/.
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Popular science articles are nowadays a key component of the scientific writing landscape: science is popularised through a recontextualization of a primary scientific discourse to fit the knowledge and expectations of a broader audience, but then disseminated further through translation. This recontextualization is often achieved using metaphors to help the non-expert reader to access complex and abstract scientific concepts based on shared author-reader experiences, which are, however, not necessarily shared with the new target-culture audience, potentially endangering cross-linguistic communication of the scientific content. This thesis aims to investigate metaphors in American popular science articles dealing with astronomy and astrophysics published in Scientific American and their Arabic translations published in Majallat-Al-Oloom. The thesis focuses more particularly on metaphors fulfilling a pedagogical role which are embedded in culture specific domains. Although English is argued to be the global lingual franca of the sciences nowadays, the use of culture specific metaphors might raise difficulties in disseminating the scientific content in English and in its translations. The field of astronomy and astrophysics has been chosen because of the complex and often abstract nature of its concepts that requires an appropriate discourse strategy to bring abstract concepts closer to the general reader’s understanding. It is also a domain that is visible in the public understanding of the sciences through its large diffusion. In this scientific communication metaphor fulfils not only a terminological function but is also used as a pedagogical tool to achieve popularisation. Despite its role in disseminating scientific content, metaphor in the discourse of astronomy and astrophysics has remained so far unexplored from both metaphor studies and translation perspectives. To achieve these aims, a multidimensional framework combining a conceptual approach with linguistic and functional elements was devised to capture the complexity of metaphor from a translation perspective, especially between languages of differing diffusion where English is a global lingua franca. A bilingual corpus was compiled (circa 150,000 words) and analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. The updated version of the metaphor identification procedure (MIPVU) was further adapted to allow the identification of the linguistic metaphors and their functions. The methodology also accounted for how the conceptual metaphors are implied from the linguistic data, a step that is often unaccounted for in the literature. The study shows that linguistic metaphors used in the source texts fulfil mainly a pedagogical function and are often embedded in culture-specific domains, presenting challenges for translation. A wide range of strategies was identified in the translation of these metaphors, where the same conceptual metaphor is often reproduced in the target text by combining many strategies (couplets). This results in new metaphors in the target system that are argued to achieve a dual purpose: they facilitate access to scientific concepts communicated in the source text by unpacking the metaphorical images for a new audience; and they contribute to the enrichment of the target-language system.
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Ström, Herold Jenny. "Im Grenzgebiet zwischen dem wissenschaftlichen und dem journalistischen Stil : Zur Übersetzung erweiterter Partizipialattribute und figurativer Ausdrücke in einem medienwissenschaftlichen Text." Thesis, Linnaeus University, School of Language and Literature, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-6117.
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<p>This essay deals with translation issues arising when translating a German source text – situated within the field of media communication and political science – into Swedish. More specifically, it focuses on translation problems and solutions in regard to extended participial modifiers and metaphorical expressions.From a translation perspective, complex German pre-nominal participial modifiers are known to pose a challenge to Swedish translators. This depends on language-specific restrictions within the nominal domain. In linguistic translation literature, it is commonly held, that complex pre-nominal participial modifiers cause – in Vinay & Darbelnet’s (1977) terminology – 'transpositions', yielding a Swedish relative clause. This widely held assumption again proved to be right. In some cases, however, other structural options were made use of such as abbreviated (participial) clauses. Also, depending on the complexity of the modifier, transpositions were involved which crossed one or more sentence boundaries. In contrast to complex nominal phrases with pre-nominal participial modifiers, metaphors are usually considered to be stylistically inappropriate in academic discourse. However, a closer examination of the metaphorical expressions appearing in the source text showed that they are almost without exception lexicalized or conventionalized and, therefore, not particularly artistic or daring. The analysis of the translation procedures involved when translating metaphorical expressions was limited to metaphors linked to the area of politics and career, mainly stemming from the conceptual domains: POLITICS IS WAR/A GAME and CAREER IS A JOURNEY. The analysis shows that German and Swedish have similar metaphors, building on those exact concepts. Still, literal translation was not applied in each and every case. In some cases, a neutral periphrasis or a formal equivalent was employed which resulted in a loss or change of some of the semantic aspects inherent to the original metaphor.</p><p>Keywords: <em>translation, nominal phrases, extended modifiers, metaphors</em></p>
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Bonn, Mia. "Where the Water Goes : Translation of the Gerund-Participle, Metaphors and Similes in a Scientific Report about Ocean Science." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36686.
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The aim of this study is to discuss which strategies may be used in translation from English to Swedish of a scientific text on oceanography. Focus is on how to deal with translation of the gerund-participle form, metaphors and similes. The source text is Mapping the Deep; the Extraordinary Story of Ocean Science, written by Robert Kunzig (2000), from which a selection of interesting and challenging examples are chosen to be discussed and analyzed. A theoretical background is given about the gerund-participle form according to Huddleston & Pullum (2002) and Ingo (2007), and about metaphors and similes according to Ingo (2007) and Newmark (1988). The discussion and analysis is framed around Vinay’s and Darbelnet’s translation model presented in their Comparative Stylistics of French and English (1995), a model with a linguistic approach, based on two general translation methods – direct translation and oblique translation. The examples analyzed in this study are translated with both a direct translation strategy and oblique translation strategy using varying procedures. As a result, the analysis and discussion show that there is no particular given strategy or procedure that applies to the translation of gerund-participles, metaphors and similes from English to Swedish, but instead each and every example and situation needs to be carefully assessed in aspect to the context, as well as source and target language structure and culture.
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Saukko, Julia. "Die Klima-Apokalypse steht vor der Tür : Zur Übersetzung von Metaphern in deutschen Texten über Klimawandel." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-89523.
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This essay deals with the translation methods used for a German-Swedish translation of metaphors in two books about climate change and environmental policy. These books contain a large number of metaphors, and this essay raises the question of how those are translated. The theory used for defining and classifying the metaphors found in the material is the conceptual metaphor theory, as defined by Lakoff and Johnson (1980), and their notion of metaphor is also fundamental in how it is later being analysed. The study finds that of the four different translation strategies used, direct translation is by far the most common one. It also shows that a few metaphors were altered in terms of the lexicalisation of the metaphorical expression, however with the underlying conceptual metaphor still intact. Only one metaphor was translated with a completely different conceptual metaphor than in the original, and in two other cases the metaphor was translated with non-figurative language.
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Iraqi, Amina. "Communication as a cultural construct at the United Nations Arabic Translation Service." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://digital.lib.usf.edu/?e14.2919.
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Bitinienė, Neringa. "The conceptual metaphors in political discourse and their translation from english into the lithuanian language in Hillary Rodham Clinton’s autobiography “Living history”." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_161837-07811.
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The present research investigates political conceptual metaphors and their translation in Hillary Rodham Clinton autobiography “Living History” (2003). It sets out to explore conceptual metaphors in political discourse. As the study of political discourse covers a broad range of subject matters, herewith politicians’ memoirs, this book has been taken as source material. The analysis of a rather framed corpus allows to view and contrast distinguished conceptual metaphors in the source language and their rendering in the target language. The concept of politics has been taken as a source domain, in what have followed all possible classifications established. My investigation aims at already accepted conceptual metaphors (POLITICS IS WAR; POLITICS IS A JOURNEY, etc.) and less explored conceptual metaphors inherent in the above mentioned book and their translation into Lithuanian (POLITICS IS MEDICINE, POLITICS IS HUNTING, etc.).<br>Magistrinio darbo tema „Konceptualiosios metaforos politiniame diskurse ir jų vertimas iš anglų kalbos į lietuvių. Darbo tikslas yra nustatyti kaip konceptualiosios metaforos yra verčiamos iš anglų kalbos į lietuvių kalbą Hillary Rodham Clinton autobiografijoje „Gyvoji istorija“ (2003). Darbas susideda iš dviejų pagrindinių dalių: teorinės ir praktinės. Pirmoje dalyje aptariamos kognityviosios kalbotyros atsiradimo prielaidos ir konceptualiosios metaforos teorija, analizuojamos metaforinės kalbos ypatybes politiniame diskurse. Tai pat joje pateikiama išsamesnė metaforos vertimo teorijos apžvalga. Antroji dalis yra empirinė, kurioje konceptualiosios metaforos ir jų vertimas nagrinėjamas freimų teorijos požiūriu. Darbas grindžiamas G. Lakoff‘o ir M. Johnson‘o kognityviniu konceptualiosios metaforos požiūriu, kuri konceptualiosios metaforos pagrindu laiko žmogaus mintis, kalbą, elgesį. Buvo surinkti ir palyginti 740 pavyzdžių (lingvistinių manifestacijų) bei jų vertimų į lietuvių kalbą. Remiantis lingvistinių elementų sistemiškumu bei teminiu kryptingumu buvo išskirtos devynios konceptualiosios metaforos, kurių tikslo sritis yra politika: POLITIKA YRA KARAS, POLITIKA YRA SPORTAS, POLITIKA YRA KELIONĖ, POLITIKA YRA VERSLAS, POLITIKA YRA MEDICINA, POLITIKA YRA TEATRAS, POLITIKA YRA ARCHITEKTŪRA, POLITIKA YRA MEDŽIOKLĖ ir POLITIKA YRA ŽAIDIMAS. Vertimų analizė atlikta remiantis trimis vertimo modeliais. Ši analizė leidžia teigti, kad lingvistinės manifestacijos verčiant iš anglų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Matthews, Esther Margaret. "The translation of original metaphors from Spanish to English in two novels by Carmen Laforet, 'Nada' and 'La isla y los demonios'." Thesis, London Metropolitan University, 2017. http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1300/.
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This thesis is about 'new' metaphor, conceived and created by authors, often called 'original metaphor' in the world of Translation Studies. It is the most extreme form of figurative language, ‘often dramatic and shocking in effect’ Newmark (1982, p.84). The translation of original metaphor can produce unexpected juxtapositions of language, suggesting as many different results as there are translators, Nevertheless, many theorists (e.g. Reiss, 1971; Newmark, 1988; Ribé, 1997) say this type of metaphor should be translated ‘literally’, or word for word as far as possible, suggesting there might be uniformity between translators’ solutions. This study investigates how literary translators approach this challenge, focusing on Spanish-English translations of a novel containing plenty of original metaphors: Nada (1945), by Spanish author Carmen Laforet (1921-2004). Original metaphors from the text are compared to four published English translations by Inez Muñoz (1958), Charles Franklin Payne (1964), Glafyra Ennis (1993) and Edith Grossman (2007) in a corpus based study. It shows that they use a variety of methods to translate the metaphors, but translate 'literally' in well over half of them. In a two-part translation exercise and questionnaire, professional literary translators are asked to translate some of these metaphors. Again, many different strategies are employed, but over half of them are translated as literally as possible within the confines of English grammar and syntax. Although this investigation is limited to one author and language pair, it gives a clear indication that although literary translators vary exceedingly in their solutions, on the whole they prefer to translate original metaphors as literally as possible. Given that the essence of original metaphor is that it reflects the author’s personality, this demonstrates literary translators’ seeming desire to reproduce an author’s distinctive character as exactly as possible for their readers. The finding is applied to a new English translation of the first part of La isla y los demonios, Laforet’s second novel, which forms the practice part of this PhD. A literal strategy has been used to translate the original metaphors in the text, some of which have then been reviewed by an experienced editor of literary texts in English for a further insight into their acceptability.
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Parviainen, Jennie. "Zombie Gods Seep Goo : A Study on the Translation of Imagery." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44455.
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Abstract Imagery can be one of the difficulties a translator faces. It can be difficult to transfer the same image in a metaphor, simile, metaphorical adjective or a cultural reference to the target text. The aim of this study is to look at what translation strategies can be used for the translation of said imagery. The method is a quantitative analysis of the source text’s imagery types and a qualitative analysis of the translation strategies used. Since the language pair come from the same language family and have a lot of similarities in terms of culture, literal translations, equivalences and, in some cases, adaptions were suspected to be more frequent. The results show that for metaphors, similes and metaphorical adjectives literal translations were the most frequent ones, followed by equivalents carrying the same connotations, for metaphors and adjectives. Adaption, which is perhaps not really translation at all, was frequently used for the cultural references due to the target oriented approach. Omission and neutral explanations were used where the loss of information did not affect the presumed understanding of the target text reader. Transference, transposition and calque were used to some extent but not as frequent as suspected. In conclusion, when two languages are as similar as Swedish and English, a translator can go far by using literal translation or, where applicable, equivalents.
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Sandberg, Amanda. ""die Pracht des ganzen Ensembles" : Eine Untersuchung zur Übertragung von Stil in Bezug auf Wortwahl und Metaphern." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46173.
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This essay focuses on style-related challenges that translators may face when translating from German to Swedish. The translated source text stems from the biography Kafka: The Years of Insight. Its literary style and its use of less frequent words make it particularly suitable for a study of the translation of stylistic traits. The essay raises the question whether the style of the source text can be reproduced or not. The analysis is limited to the stylistic aspects of words and includes the area of metaphors and word choice, in particular the translation of foreign words and elevated or archaic style. The study is qualitative and based on Koller's (2011) theory of connotative equivalence and the theories of linguistic and cognitive aspects of metaphors as defined by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and Schäffner (2004). The analysis reveals that style-related translation challenges are caused by the limitations of the target language, yet, the translator is expected to reproduce the style of the source text. Thus, this essay argues that translation has more to do with recreating the style of the source text. This goes against the general view that the style of the target text is merely a reproduction of the source text.
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Kanapeckas, Irmantas. "Metaphorical Business Terms in the English Language and Their Translation into Lithuanian." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080929_113740-52455.
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Over a thousand English metaphorical business terms collected from Longman Business English Dictionary, Dictionary of Economics, Macmillan Dictionary of Modern Economics and The Encyclopedical Lithuanian-English Dictionary of Banking and Commerce are analyzed in the Master’s thesis. Since often the same English terms can have multiple equivalents in Lithuanian language, it is essential to choose and consistently use the same terminology when translating. However, the analysis of authentic contemporary translations of such terms collected from Translation Memory of the European Commission's Directorate General for Translation and Donelaitis Parallel Corpus demonstrates that this rule is often ignored and various translation strategies are employed. Furthermore, multitude of proposed translations of such terms in the dictionaries shows that Lithuanian business terminology is still under development, but tendency not to preserve metaphoricity can be observed.<br>Magistro darbe nagrinėjama daugiau kaip tūkstantis metaforinių anglų kalbos verslo terminų, surinktų iš Longman Business English Dictionary, Ekonomikos terminų žodyno, Aiškinamojo ekonomikos anglų-lietuvių kalbų žodyno bei Lietuvių-anglų kalbų aiškinamojo bankinių ir komercinių terminų žodyno. Kadangi neretai tie patys angliški terminai lietuvių kalboje gali turėti kelis atitikmenis, verčiant ypač svarbu pasirinkti ir nuosekliai vartoti vienodą terminiją. Tačiau šiuolaikinių tokių terminų vertimų, surinktų iš Europos Komisijos generalinio vertimo direktorato vertimų atminčių bei Donelaičio lygiagrečiojo tekstyno, analizė rodo, kad ši taisyklė dažnai ignoruojama ir taikomos įvairios vertimo strategijos. Be to, žodynuose siūloma tokių terminų vertimų gausa rodo, kad lietuviškoji verslo terminija dar nėra nusistovėjusi, bet pastebima tendencija atsisakyti metaforiškumo.
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Elkhalifa, Mohamed Amani Elmahi. "Cultural challenges in translating Tayeb Salih’s novel Season of Migration to the North (1969) from Arabic into English : a comparative and analytical study with a focus on metaphors and similes." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78218.
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This study investigates how and to what effect metaphors and similes from Tayeb
Salih‘s novel Mawsim al-Hiǧra ilā ash-Shamāl (1966) were translated into English –
a worthy topic, given the many linguistic and cultural differences between Arabic and
English, and the difficulty of translating figurative language.
The novel depicts aspects of the life and culture of the Sudanese people.
Initially banned in the Arab world, it was voted, in 2001, the most important Arabic
novel of the twentieth century. This brought Tayeb Salih (1929–2009) fame and
recognition, and translation into more than twenty languages. Season of Migration to
the North (1960), the English translation by Canadian-born orientalist Denys Johnson-
Davies (1922–2017), is the object of this particular study.
This qualitative study employs descriptive translation studies (DTS) as the
main theoretical framework, supplemented by insights gained from equivalence
theories, theories of culture, the functionalist approach and cognitive studies.
Following a textual approach, the study investigates the Arabic source text, the
English target text, applicable translation theories and secondary literature on
metaphors and similes as sources of information and/or data. It discusses the
aforementioned translation theories, definitions, components and types of metaphors
and similes in Arabic and English, as well as strategies and procedures of translating
metaphors and similes. The researcher identifies, describes and analyses a selection of
similes and metaphors in the Arabic source text, and how they were conveyed in the
English target text. The study concludes with a discussion of the effects of the
translation choices made and the strategies used.<br>Dissertation (MA (Applied Language Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2020.<br>African Languages<br>MA (Applied Language Studies)<br>Unrestricted
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Gullström, Sofia. "Pura Vida : A study on translation of proper nouns, figures of speech and terminology in an English travel guide about Costa Rica." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26412.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss some of the difficulties that came up in the translation of an English travel guide about Costa Rica into Swedish, and what strategies may be employed in order to solve them. The focus is on how to handle proper nouns, figures of speech and terminology. In order to gather material for the study an English travel guide about Costa Rica was translated into Swedish and then some of the translation problems encountered during translation were chosen for an in-depth analysis. The analysis is mainly based on Rune Ingo’s and Peter Newmark’s theories, but other sources have also been used as a basis for the discussion. Proper nouns were mostly handled by transference of the names in their original forms into the TT as well as transference in combination with a functional or descriptive equivalent. Where appropriate, some proper nouns were translated with recognized Swedish translations or partially translated and partially transferred. Many metaphors and idioms were translated into corresponding figurative expressions found in the target language. When this was not possible, they were either translated word-for-word, provided that they still conveyed the meaning of the ST metaphor or idiom, or translated with a non-figurative expression. In order to make up for lost figurative expressions, one non-figurative expression was translated with a metaphor. Regarding terminology, terms were mostly translated with corresponding terms found in Swedish bilingual dictionaries or other resources on the Internet. However, some terms had to be transferred from the ST in their original forms or translated with less specific words, since no corresponding terms could be found in the target language. The findings show that several different strategies were used to handle translation of proper nouns, figures of speech and terminology in this specific travel guide and which strategy to use depends on situational factors.
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Шупиченко, И. П., та I. P. Shupichenko. "Перевод концептуальных метафор в англоязычных хип-хоп текстах (на материале поэзии Эминема) : магистерская диссертация". Master's thesis, б. и, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/74338.
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Магистерская диссертация посвящена когнитивному исследованию концептуальных метафор в поэзии Эминема и сопоставительному анализу их перевода на русский язык. Автор представляет классификацию метафорических моделей по разрядам концептуальных метафор, выявляет ключевые концепты, репрезентирующий каждый разряд, и устанавливает лингвокогнитивные особенности хип-хоп текстов Эминема. Проводя сопоставительный анализ оригинала и перевода концептуальных метафор, автор определяет качество и особенности перевода метафор в соответствии с особенностями идиостиля хип-хоп исполнителя.<br>The master's dissertation is devoted to a cognitive study of conceptual metaphors in Eminem's poetry and a comparative analysis of their translation into Russian. The author presents the classification of metaphorical models according to the categories of conceptual metaphors, identifies key concepts representing each category, and establishes the linguocognitive features of Eminem’s hip-hop texts. Due to a comparative analysis of the original and the translation of conceptual metaphors, the author determines the quality and peculiarities of the translation of metaphors in accordance with the idiostyle of the hip-hop artist.
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Zahri, Maysoon. "Metaphor and translation." Thesis, Online version, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.293785.
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Engström, Sara. "“Abseits ist, wenn der Schiedsrichter pfeift“ : Probleme beim Übersetzen der Fußballterminologie eines deutschen Regeltextes ins Schwedische." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46264.
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The purpose of this essay is to investigate problems that arise when translating a German football text into Swedish. The qualitative study focuses on football terminology, as this is central to the language of football. Special attention was paid to synonymous terms, collocations, Anglicisms, metaphors, and metonymies. Various parallel texts and football dictionaries were consulted during the translation. Also, Koller's (2011) model of translation correspondences was used in order to systematize the findings. The analysis showed that when dealing with synonymous terms, different kinds of translation problems occurred due to correspondence type. For example, in cases where source text terms had only one correspondence in the target language, the target text inevitably became more repetitive than the source text. On the contrary, when a source-text term had several correspondences, many translation alternatives needed to be considered in order to choose the appropriate term in the specific target-text context. Concerning the translation of collocations, the analysis showed that interference may pose a problem even when translating into one's native language. As for the translation of Anglicisms, most of them could not be preserved in the target text, and, thus, needed to be replaced by existing Swedish equivalents. This occasionally turned out to be problematic, for instance when no direct equivalent could be found in the target language. On the contrary, many of the terms based on metaphorical concepts such as FOOTBALL IS WAR could be preserved, indicating that German and Swedish football language use this concept to a similar extent.
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Januškytė, Sigita. "Subjectivized Grammatical Metaphor in Translation." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080926_182420-93785.
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This paper focuses on the concept of a subjectivized grammatical metaphor and its practical application in the translation of English fiction. At first, it explains the theoretical concept of a grammatical metaphor in general, following Halliday and other scholars. Later it gives the wide array of translation transformations of subjectivized grammatical metaphor to illustrate this theoretical overview with the examples of its practical application.<br>Šis darbas pristato gramatinės metaforos savoką ir atvejus, kai ji eina sakinyje veiksniu, bei jų vertimą į lietuvių kalbą iš anglų grožinės literatūros kūrinių. Darbo pradžioje aptariama teorinė gramatinės metaforos sąvoka, remiantis Halliday ir kitais mokslininkais. Antroje darbo dalyje nagrinėjami konkretūs gramatinės metaforos vertimo pavyzdžiai, iliustruojantys šią teorinę apžvalgą.
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Chan, Elsie Kit-ying. "Translation as metaphor : Yan Fu and his translation principles." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/1231/.
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This thesis was motivated by turn-of-the-century concerns in Chinese translation studies about the validity of the long-held translation principles proposed by Chinese translator Yan Fu and about the relevance of Yan's paradigmatic translation project to future research. It rereads the translation practice and intellectual thought of Yan Fu by adopting an interdisciplinary approach restructuring past studies that have been isolated in the areas of intellectual history and translation theory. The examination of his translation practice through a series of metaphor suggests, contrary to existing consensus, that faithfulness to the source text is irrelevant to his translation project. His translation principles are not pure literary notions; rather they are tied to the Confucian literary and exegetical tradition. These findings unfold new potentialities for a major research topic that has been challenged as having reached a cul-de-sac and point to a new direction for development in Chinese translation studies. New findings from the field of intellectual history help to clarify existing inconsistencies and political biases concerning Yan Fu's persona and historicize him as a persistent seeker of the Confucian dao. This testifies to the need to reassess his translation project in relation to the Confucian-based Chinese tradition. Close examination of his remarks on translation, correspondence and other writings suggests that his words and deeds are steeped in Confucian poetics, which represents a totally different concept from modern pure literary poetics. His commitment to Confucian ontological faith and ultimate concern for spiritual or cosmological transcendence are similar to the ends of some of the most influential translators in Chinese history and marks a higher level operation of translation as a tool for higher learning than as an occupation. Through translation as-intellectual critique, Yan mended indigenous coordinates for gauging alien propositions and constructed a hybridized discourse for reforming indigenous epistemology and methodology. His manipulative translations, as he claimed in his last extended translation, were intended for metaphorical explication of a certain subject with the source text as a point of departure, rather than an end to return to. Ironically the repercussions of the manipulative evolutionary discourse he engendered became further manipulated by the newer generations and fuelled more violent changes in a system on the verge of a crisis. While this subsequently led to the disruption of the conservative Confucian poetics and the gradual reform agenda he had desired, the reexamination of his translations and translation practice sheds light on system regeneration and the inheritance of Chinese culture in a modern world. The presentation of Yan Fu's translations suggests that he followed the Confucian literary tradition, which allowed exegetical and eisegetical interpretation of classics and commentaries for narrating the dao, and attempted mediation of a changing dao through translation as intellectual critique. Hermeneutical rereading of his xin-da-ya translation principles in relation to the Confucian exegetical tradition frees the study of his principles from recurrent perspectives and offers a systematic approach to the study of xin, da and ya as core values in Confucian poetics meaning faith, decorum and virtue respectively. His exercise of Confucian cosmological faith through translation releases the source text for a dialogue with a broader cosmic text, whereby the interaction of time and tradition-bound discourses obliges the translator to repeatedly highlight and transcend his own interpretive horizons and move the physical text beyond its original psychological and historical contexts, evincing dynamic interaction with the reader. This perspective offers a philosophical dimension to translation and valourizes translation as a virtuous act of conduct in the Chinese tradition and as cosmological transference of concepts and images in human's pursuit of truth and being. The promotion of the complex notion of translation beyond the word itself to the realm of metaphor facilitates exchange between languages and systems at the level of tertium comparationis and enables reasoning at the level of the universal logos. In the present study of Yan Fu, this helps to avoid recurrent arguments and leads to more balanced and constructive perspectives for the future development of a major research topic in Chinese translation studies. It also opens the possibility of exchange between a traditional theory and modern theories and between the Chinese translation tradition and other traditions.