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Academic literature on the topic 'Translation of gender'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Translation of gender"

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Ardi, Havid. "NASIONALISME & GENDER DALAM PENERJEMAHAN: IDEOLOGI DALAM PENERJEMAHAN." Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2009): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ld.v2i2.3526.

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The ideology in the translation subject differs from the ideology in social subject. The process of translating is influenced by the ideology of the translator. There are two ideologies in the translation practice, they are: foreignization and domestication. In fact, there is no a pure foreignization or domestication translation. There is only a tendency to use a foreignization or domestication ideology in translation. Instead of that, the society’s vision also determines what the translation should be. Keywords/ phrases: translation ideology, foreignization, domestication

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Bordag, Denisa, and Thomas Pechmann. "Grammatical gender in translation." Second Language Research 24, no. 2 (April 2008): 139–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658307086299.

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In three experiments native speakers of Czech translated bare nouns and gender-marked adjective + noun phrases into German, their second language (L2). In Experiments 1-3 we explored the so-called gender interference effect from first language (L1) as observed in previous picture naming studies (naming latencies were longer when the L1 noun and its L2 translation had different genders than when their genders were congruent). In Experiments 2 and 3 we investigated the influence of gender transparency in L2 (longer latencies when an L2 noun has a gender-atypical or gender-ambiguous termination than when its termination is gender-typical). Although both effects were observed in L2 picture naming, only the gender transparency effect could be demonstrated in L1 to L2 translation tasks. The resulting constraints on L2 gender processing during translation are discussed in the framework of bilingual speech production models.

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Perry, Samuel L., and Joshua B. Grubbs. "Formal or Functional? Traditional or Inclusive? Bible Translations as Markers of Religious Subcultures." Sociology of Religion 81, no. 3 (2020): 319–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/socrel/sraa003.

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Abstract English Bible translations are often classified along two axes: (1) whether their translation approach pursues “formal correspondence” (prioritizing literalness) or “functional equivalence” (prioritizing meaning); and (2) whether their translation approach emphasizes “gender-traditionalism” (translating gendered language literally) or “gender-inclusivism” (minimizing unnecessarily gendered language). Leveraging insights from research on how religious subcultural capital shapes consumption patterns, we examine how indicators of conservative Protestant subcultural attachment potentially shape Christians’ choices of Bible translation along these axes. Compared with Catholics and “other Christians,” Conservative Protestants are more likely to read functional equivalence translations. Biblical literalists are more likely to read gender-traditionalist translations, but curiously no more likely than others to read formal correspondence translations. The link between conservative Protestant affiliation and reading a gender-traditionalist or inclusive Bible is heavily influenced by how we classify the New International Version. Importantly, we also find Bible reading and overall religiosity are positively associated with reading functional equivalence and gender-inclusive Bibles. Thus while conservative Bible beliefs seem to incline Christians toward translations that reflect conservative subcultural priorities (gender-traditionalism), consistent Bible practice is more prevalent among Christians who read more dynamic and inclusive translations.

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Abdelbaki, Rawan. "Translating the Postcolony: On Gender, Language, and Culture." TOPIA: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies 42 (May 2021): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/topia-42-009.

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In this article, I seek to advance an understanding of translation that goes beyond treating it as a mere metaphor, as is the way it is often treated in postcolonial and cultural studies. Rather, through a postcolonial feminist lens, I seek to survey and interrogate the complex relationship of racialized and gendered subjects to language, and the implications of translating these lives in a way that makes them intelligible to the West’s hegemonic modernity. After providing an overview of the tensions between linguistic translation and cultural translation, I argue that the racialized gendered Third World subject experiences what I term a double ouster from modernity’s frames of intelligibility. From there, I explore the potential for hybridity to transcend the problem of untranslatability and conclude with remarks on the ramifications that such translations have on doing cross-cultural feminist research.

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Hosington, Brenda M. "Translation, Early Printing, and Gender in England, 1484-1535." Florilegium 23, no. 1 (January 2006): 41–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/flor.23.005.

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The introduction of printing to England at the beginning of the early modern period intersected with an ongoing interest in matters concerning the querelle des femmes. One result was the production of fourteen translations from Latin and French, twelve of medieval and two of humanist origin. Discussing all fourteen translations, this article proposes an overview of the varying ways in which translation, publishing, and gender were closely intertwined. The source texts, spanning almost four hundred years, varied in provenance, style, and genre and appealed to different audiences. The translating methods used are equally varied, but all owe something to what Sheila Delany calls "the literature of sexual politics."

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Ibraheem, Anas Kh. "The Effect of Genderism on the Process and the Product of Translation." Journal of the College of languages, no. 45 (January 2, 2022): 53–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2022.0.45.0053.

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Many studies have been made and still concerning the field of translation. Since the mid-90's a considerable amount of researches has tackled the problem of gender and its effect on the process and the product of translation. Simon (1996, p 508) points out that when comparing women and men as translators and writers through history, women seem to be the weaker side. This paves the way to feminist movements which produce prominent studies concerning gender as a concept and translator's gender as practice on the quality and the accuracy of the translation. Flotow (in Meschia, 2012, p 1-4) outlines several issues that can be examined concerning gender and translation, these are historical studies, theoretical contemplations, translator's identity, post-colonial questions, and cultural questions. This research deals with two aspects of identity, i.e. gender: the gender of the translator (and its effect on the translation if there is any) and the gender of the evaluator of the translated text (and its effect if there is any). The aim of this paper is to find out whether there is any negative influence of the identity on the process and the product of translation. For this purpose, 40 students from the Department of Translation at Al-Ma'moon College University, in addition to 20 postgraduate, have been asked to assess and analyze through a questionnaire (that tackles the identity of both translator and evaluator) and an assessment of Shakespeare's Sonnet (no. 18) and four translated versions of it. The study remarkably shows that the gender-bias effect of the identity of the translator and the evaluator have an influence on students with 12.5% for undergraduate and 5% for postgraduate students. The majority of 87.5% and 95% believe that gender does not affect. This proves the research's hypothesis that there is a difference in the language of the two genders, yet it will not affect the gender of both of the translator and the evaluator.

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Diachuk, Liudmyla, and Inna Dovzhenko. "THE PECULIARITIES OF RENDERING OF NOVELS «LES GENS HEUREUX LISENT ET BOIVENT DU CAFÉ» AND «LA VIE EST FACILE, NE T’INQUIÈTE PAS» BY FRENCH WRITER AGNÈS MARTIN-LUGAND INTO UKRAINIAN." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 9(77) (January 30, 2020): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-9(77)-176-180.

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The article deals with the analysis of lexical, semantic and grammatical levels of the novels’ translations «Les gens heureux lisent et boivent du café» and «La vie est facile, ne t’inquiète pas» by Anese Martin-Lugan into Ukrainian, made by Leonid Kononovich. Particular attention is paid to reproducing the gender aspects of the original works. The need to render the images raises a number of difficulties that the translator faces. Anese Martin-Lugan’s novels are full of examples of using different stylistic devices. The peculiarities of the translation of texts with means of expressiveness from French into Ukrainian with the use of certain translational transformations are examined. In general, metaphors are translated into the Ukrainian language: by a dictionary analogue, by a metaphorical word with the other image, by a metaphoric word with more expressive image. The first attempt was made to analyze gender reproduction in the translation of hero’s language, who is a representative of nonstandard sexual orientation. The lexical and grammatical transformations to reproduce the features of the author’s style are highlighted. It gives conclusions that the minor inaccuracies in the case of non-reproduction of lexical-grammatical and stylistic features of the author’s individual style become much more meaningful when considering their gender components. These observations indicate a certain asymmetry enables to apply gender asymmetry as manipulation, deforming strategies and tactics of translation, and sometimes in case of discrepancy between the original text and translation in terms of analyzing its gender characteristics. It is established that, without gender adequacy, the translated text loses the appropriate completeness of reproduction of the author’s image and the meanings generated by the text.

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Bassnett, Susan. "TRANSLATION, GENDER AND OTHERNESS." Perspectives 13, no. 2 (October 13, 2005): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09076760508668976.

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Andone, Oana‐Helena. "Gender issues in translation." Perspectives 10, no. 2 (January 2002): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2002.9961439.

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Wallmach, Kim. "Translation and Gender: Interconnections." Language Matters 29, no. 1 (January 1998): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10228199808566130.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Translation of gender"

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Clarke, Danielle Elizabeth. "Translation, interpretation and gender : women's writing c. 1595-1644." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260130.

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Tang, Beibei. "Feminist translation equivalence and norms : gender and female alienation in Chinese translation of Chinese American women's literature." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/53276/.

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Drawing on three Chinese translations each of Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club (1989) and The Kitchen God's Wife (1991), this project examines, from a feminist perspective, gender issues in Chinese translations of Chinese American women's literature, with special attention paid to the translators' gender consciousness and ideologies as reflected in their translations of 'female alienation'. Existing studies on Chinese American women's literature, in both America and mainland China, mainly address identity politics, culture, Orientalism, and feminism, and fail to consider the role of translation. This project, however, analyses both the feminist consciousness and the issues which are reflected in these two novels and in their Chinese translations. This project innovatively applies the feminist concept of 'female alienation' to literary translation studies. The concept of 'female alienation', which originates from Karl Marx's theory of labour alienation, is developed by Alison Jaggar through feminist discussions of women's oppression and subordinate status. Women in a patriarchal society are alienated by men's power and separated from their self and nature; this leads to their loss of subjectivity and independence. Jaggar believes that women are alienated in all aspects of their lives, particularly in their sexuality, motherhood, and intellectual capacities, and this project discusses the influence of race and self-Orientalization on that alienation. Indeed, it enriches Jaggar's concept of female alienation by adding sisterhood alienation. A new classification is then proposed to study different patterns of alienation and women's psychological experiences with it, both active and passive, as reflected in Tan's works and the Chinese translations of those works. In terms of translation studies, this project combines translation equivalence and norms theories with feminist translation theory; it proposes a set of feminist translation norms and a concept of feminist translation equivalence to study feminist translation in the Chinese context. Feminist translation norms include feminist preliminary, expectancy, operational, accountability, communication, and relation norms. It is the feminist preliminary and expectancy norms that are used to analyse the translators' motives, intentions, and expectations of their translation. The feminist operational norm is used to analyse the translation strategies adopted by the translators. The feminist accountability norm refers to feminist translation ethics of fidelity; that is, the translation must be faithful to the writer's, or the translator's, own feminist consciousness, thoughts, and intentions. The feminist communication norm means that translations convey the writer's, or translator's, own feminist thoughts to the maximum possible extent. The feminist relation norm means that the relationship between the translation and the source text is the feminist translation equivalence, which means that the feminist thoughts reflected by the words or expressions in the source text, or by the translators' own feminist thoughts, are "faithfully" represented in the translation, even if the translator does not use the precisely equivalent words or expressions to achieve linguistic equivalence. Comparing the Chinese translations in order to study the translators' translation behaviours and the effects of their translations, this project explores how the feminist consciousness and thoughts on female alienation of the source text are represented in the Chinese translations, and in what way the translations achieve (feminist) translation equivalence. Summarising the regularities of the translation behaviour of the translator subgroups, and the (feminist) translation equivalence the translations achieve, this project provides evidence that the feminist translation ethics of fidelity do not necessarily contradict the traditional translation ethics of fidelity which focuses on linguistic equivalence. Meanwhile, it also verifies that so-called "feminist translation strategies" actually refer to all translation strategies which help the translations achieve feminist translation equivalence. This corrects the research misconception concerning feminist translation strategies in mainland China. Finally, by examining the translators' motives and expectations, reflected in their paratexts as well as in the translations, this project summarises feminist translation norms in the Chinese context, and defines the role of gender in translating female alienation in the texts in question.

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Horton-Depass, Laura Ann. "Lost in translation| The queens of "Beowulf"." Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1537976.

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The poem Bēowulf has been translated hundreds of times, in part or in whole. In past decades translators such as Howell Chickering and E. Talbot Donaldson firmly adhered to formal equivalency, following the original text line-by-line if not word-by-word. Such translations are useful for Anglo-Saxon students but cannot reach a larger audience because they are unwieldy and often incomprehensible. In the past fifty years, though, a group of translators with different philosophies has taken up the task of translating the poem with greater success. Translators such as Marc Hudson, Edwin Morgan, and Seamus Heaney used dynamic equivalency for their versions, eschewing strict grammatical accuracy and literal diction in order to recreate the sense and experience of the poem for a modern audience. How two translators, E. Talbot Donaldson and Seamus Heaney, treat the queens in the poem as revealed by a close textual analysis proves to be an excellent example of the two methodologies; formal equivalence translators do not endow their female characters with the agency and respect present in the original text, while dynamic equivalence translators take liberties with the language to give their readers a strong sense of the powerful but tragic queen figures. Harold Bloom’s theory of the development of poets in The Anxiety of Influence can help explain this shift from formal equivalency to dynamic equivalency. Translators of Bēowulf necessarily react against their predecessors, and since translators usually explain their process and philosophy in forwards or introductions, their motivations for “swerving away” are clear. Formal equivalence translators misrepresented the original text by devaluing the literary merit of the original poem and dynamic equivalence translators seek to remedy the misrepresentation by elaborating and expanding the language of the original to reach a wider audience. Each generation must continue to translate against the grain of its predecessors in order to keep the poem alive for a larger audience so that the poem will continue to be enjoyed by future audiences.

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Schaffer, Ana Maria de Moura. "Representações de tradução de genero no dizer de tradutoras brasileiras." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269712.

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Orientador: Maria Jose de R. F. Coracini
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T16:15:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Schaffer_AnaMariadeMoura_D.pdf: 850073 bytes, checksum: 886933aa9e9040737a3d26a36e661fe0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: A tese, ancorada na perspectiva da Análise do Discurso, em interface com a Desconstrução, investiga e discute a presença de tradução de gênero no contexto brasileiro e as representações de tradução de gênero que emergem no dizer de tradutoras brasileiras. Recortes discursivos selecionados, a partir das respostas de 21 (vinte e uma) tradutoras brasileiras a um questionário de 5 (cinco) perguntas, enviado por e-mail para duas listas de tradução que circulam no Brasil, foram analisados, buscando na materialidade linguística e nas formações inconscientes que nela irrompem, indícios da constituição do imaginário dessas tradutoras sobre tradução de gênero. O pressuposto que sustenta a investigação defende que já há uma prática de tradução de gênero no contexto quebeco-canadense, desde a década de 1970, cuja relação vem sendo discutida e problematizada, sem conflitos. O estudo que empreendemos para compor a fundamentação teórica pautou-se, inicialmente, no interesse de problematizar o encontro entre o feminismo e a tradução, discutindo como a tradução de certos grupos feministas serviu de agenda política para, de alguma forma, subverter a inferioridade sofrida pelas mulheres na escrita tradutora. A análise aponta para os seguintes resultados: há ainda muita resistência quanto à relação gênero e tradução, pelo menos, no que se refere à discursivização sobre o assunto, no Brasil, já que a temática evocou relações com os múltiplos feminismos da história e tudo o que isso simbolicamente representa, incluindo as lutas nele travadas, as resistências aos radicalismos do feminismo inicial e aos rótulos e estereótipos a ele vinculados. Daí que as representações de tradução de gênero que emergem do dizer ou ressoam sentidos de luta social, ou se fixam no domínio técnico da língua ou são imaginarizadas como expressão de criatividade e autoria, mesclando-se para instituir momentos de identificação aliados à singularidade das tradutoras. As tradutoras, quando falam sobre o seu fazer tradutório, defendem o emprego de uma linguagem inclusiva de gênero, por meio de interferências nos textos considerados por elas "machistas", todavia tais interferências ainda parecem estar muito presas ao nível da linguagem. Considerando-se os limites dos registros do corpus da pesquisa, a hipótese de que há vestígios de tradução de gênero no dizer sobre/na prática tradutória de tradutoras brasileiras na atualidade mostrou-se válida, pois não só há vestígios de tradução de gênero no dizer sobre tradução, como também emergiram nos dizeres efeitos de sentido que apontam para uma constituição identitária das tradutoras já inseridas no contexto de um emprego de uma linguagem mais inclusiva nas traduções por elas praticadas.
Abstract: The research anchored in the perspective of Discourse Analysis in the interface with Deconstruction investigates and discusses the presence of gender translation in Brazilian context as well as the representations of gender translation which emerge from the utterances of Brazilian female translators1. The discursive events selected from twenty one female translators' answers to five question sent by e-mail to translator lists (Tradinfo and Litterati) were analyzed, trying to identify through linguistic materiality, elements involved in the constitution of the imaginary of those female translators about gender translation as well as fragments of their unconscious formations, which can reveal some aspects of their subjectivity. The basic assumption of this research is that there has been a gender translation practice in Quebec-Canada context since 1970's where translation and gender has been discussed and practiced normally. The readings and researches we made to support our theoretic foundation were ruled by the interest of problematizing the encounter between translation and feminism, in order to discuss how the translation of some feminist groups has served as a political agenda for subverting the female inferiority by means of translation writing. The results of the analysis points to the fact that there is still so much resistances about the relationship between gender and translation in Brazil, at least as regards to the discursivization process of the theme, since gender translation has evoked relationships with the different feminisms of history and with everything they symbolically have represented, including the struggles and the resistances against radicalisms of the initial feminisms besides the labels and stereotypes connected to them. Thus the representations of gender translation which emerge from the female translators' utterances remit either to the social struggles of feminisms, circulating around the technical dominion of language or they are represented as expression of creativity and authorship. So those representations interweave for constituting identification moments which relate to female translators' singularity. By speaking about their translation itself, the female translators defend the use of a gender inclusive language through interferences on the texts considered by them as "machist text". Considering the limits of the corpus the hypothesis that there are vestiges of gender translation in the Brazilian female translators' utterances is confirmed, since there are no only vestiges as well as the meaning effects which emerged from the utterances point to a female translator who has already been using a more inclusive language in her translations.
Doutorado
Teoria, Pratica e Ensino da Tradução
Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

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Martínez, Pleguezuelos Antonio. "Queer AVT Club: "Gender in Translation: Beyond Monolingualism" de Judith Butler (2019)." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653020.

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Tercera reunión del grupo de lectura Queer AVT Club. Se discutió el artículo de Judith Butler: "Gender in Translation: Beyond Monolingualism". La introducción estuvo a cargo de María Pérez L. de Heredia de la Universidad del País Vasco.

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Leonardi, Vanessa. "Gender and ideology in translation : do women and men translate differently? : a contrastive investigation of translations from Italian into English." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402535.

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Cornell, Rena. "Power, Control, and the Gender Gap in Delinquency: Reconsidering the Gendered Translation of Power from Workplace to Household." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03282005-180403/.

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Power-control theory provides one of most comprehensive theoretical explorations of the gender gap in delinquency to date. The theory posits that the relative power of husbands and wives in the workplace translates directly into their relative power within the home. Household power relations, in turn, are played out in the relative control of sons and daughters, influencing ultimately the gender gap in delinquency through social psychological processes of familial control and socialization toward risk. This paper reformulates power-control theory in two important ways. First, it borrows from the family and gender literature on status-reversal and single mother households to critique the simplistic discussion of the translation of gendered power relations from workplaces to households. In doing so, the paper specifies an alternative discussion of power relations and family structures. Second, the paper draws upon criminological research and theorizing on gender and delinquency to posit a more thorough discussion of the social psychological mechanisms linking gendered power differentials to the gender gap in delinquency. Thus, the paper presents a reformulation of power-control theory that reconsiders both structural-level power differentials between mothers and fathers and individual-level processes of control and socialization of sons and daughters. From this reformulation, I derive and test hypotheses using a nationally representative sample of youths. The results suggest that further consideration of how power translates from workplaces to households is necessary and also provide some support for recent theorizing about gender differences in the social psychological mechanisms leading to the gender gap in delinquency.

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Al-Ramadan, Raidah I. "ARAB WOMEN’S REPRESENTATION IN ARAB WOMEN’S WRITING AND THEIR TRANSLATION." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1501154806668996.

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Fisher, Lina. "Gender and style in the translation and reception of Ingeborg Bachmann's 'Todesarten' texts." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/58554/.

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This thesis compares style in the ‘Todesarten’ [literally: manners of death] texts by Austrian author Ingeborg Bachmann (1926-1973) with their English translations: the novel Malina (Malina; Philip Boehm), the novel draft Das Buch Franza (The Book of Franza; Peter Filkins) and the story collection Simultan (Three Paths to the Lake; Mary Fran Gilbert). The fact that Bachmann was a woman significantly influenced the descriptions by German-language critics in the 1950s, ‘60s and ‘70s of the author herself, as well as their evaluations of her work. Bachmann’s extended metaphors, ambiguity, iconicity, transitivity structures and intertextuality suggest that her prose texts, and especially Malina, should be regarded as proto-feminist masterpieces whose contemplation of the post-war human condition and society’s treatment of women were far ahead of their contemporaries. Boehm’s and Filkins’ translation choices show parallels with criticism expressed in German-language reviews. The reduction of the networks of stylistic features in the translations results in a weakening of the links between content, style and politics which are crucial to Bachmann’s texts. These changes mean that the English-language reader experiences Bachmann’s texts in a fundamentally different way. The male translators largely silence what I term women’s language in Malina and Franza, and consequently conceal much of Bachmann’s proto-feminist message. It is clear that these changes are not necessitated by the constraints of translating Bachmann’s complex texts into English because Gilbert, the female translator of Simultan, manages to recreate the texts’ style.

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Feral, Anne-Lise Louise Josiane. "Genre and gender in translation : the poetological and ideological rewriting of heroine-centred and women-oriented fiction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4105.

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This thesis examines the impact of poetics and ideology on the French translations of eight contemporary heroine-centred and women-oriented fictional texts (including Helen Fielding’s Bridget Jones’s Diary). Using a systemic and descriptive framework (Toury 1995) as well as works on manipulation in translation (Lefevere 1992)(Venuti 1998), I explore the various ways in which these generically hybrid and ideologically complex texts have been rewritten according to the dominant poetics and ideology of the French roman sentimental. Interviews undertaken with editors and translators identify the perceived appeal of these texts to the French market: their romantic plot. As a comparative analysis of originals and translations reveals, this resulted in specific translational strategies regarding gender representations, notably poetological elements subverting a dominant model of romantic femininity. This thesis sheds light on the subtle differences between French and Anglo-American generic traditions and gender ideologies and its contribution is three-fold. Firstly, it adds to an emerging body of case studies which examine poetological and ideological revisions in the French translations of heroine-centred and womenoriented fictional texts (Cossy 2004, 2006, 2006a)(Le Brun 2003). Secondly, as the selection of a thematically – rather than formally – linked corpus of texts is still relatively uncommon in translation and intercultural studies, this thesis advances a new paradigm in the analysis of poetics and ideology in translation (Munday 2008): a self-reflexive approach which favours transversal examinations of specific aspects in thematically linked corpora. Thirdly, this study suggests that if women’s entertainment, produced and translated for mass consumption, reaches a broad audience worldwide and plays an important part in women’s socialisation, interdisciplinary studies of translations across forms can constitute a useful way of detecting the unspoken gender values of the cultures for which and by which they are produced.

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Books on the topic "Translation of gender"

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Meng, Lingzi. Gender in Literary Translation. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3720-8.

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Translation and gender: Translating in the "era of feminism". Manchester [England]: St. Jerome, 1997.

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De Marco, Marcella, and Piero Toto, eds. Gender Approaches in the Translation Classroom. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04390-2.

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Federici, Eleonora, and José Santaemilia. New Perspectives on Gender and Translation. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429352287.

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von Flotow, Luise, and Hala Kamal, eds. The Routledge Handbook of Translation, Feminism and Gender. 1. | New York : Taylor and Francis, 2020. | Series: Routledge handbooks in translation and interpreting studies: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315158938.

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Translation and the languages of modernism: Gender, politics, language. New York: Palgrave, 2002.

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Distorting Scripture?: The challenge of Bible translation & gender accuracy. Downers Grove, Ill: InterVarsity Press, 1998.

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Travel narratives in translation, 1750-1850: Nationalism, ideology, gender. New York: Routledge, 2012.

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Gender in translation: Cultural identity and the politics of transmission. London and New York: Routledge, 1996.

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Han'guk Yŏsŏng Munhak Hakhoe. Chendŏ wa Pŏnyŏk Yŏn'gu Moim, ed. Chendŏ wa pŏnyŏk: Yŏsŏng chi ŭi hyŏngsŏng kwa pyŏnjŏn = Gender and translation : formation and translation of female intelligence. Sŏul-si: Somyŏng Ch'ulp'an, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Translation of gender"

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von Flotow, Luise. "Gender in translation." In Handbook of Translation Studies, 129–33. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hts.1.gen1.

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Bassi, Serena. "Gender." In Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, 204–8. 3rd ed. Third edition. | London ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315678627-44.

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Kaveney, Roz. "Gender Genre Transition Translation." In Second Language Learning and Teaching, 11–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25189-5_2.

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Di Sabato, Bruna, and Antonio Perri. "Grammatical gender and translation." In The Routledge Handbook of Translation, Feminism and Gender, 363–73. 1. | New York : Taylor and Francis, 2020. | Series: Routledge handbooks in translation and interpreting studies: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315158938-32.

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Wenzel, Xenia. "Gender Studies in Translation." In Gender Studies im Dialog, 181–204. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839458075-010.

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von Flotow, Luise, and Joan W. Scott. "Gender studies and translation studies." In Benjamins Translation Library, 349–74. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.126.17von.

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Flotow, Luise von. "Chapter 6. Gender and Translation." In ACompanion to Translation Studies, edited by Piotr Kuhiwczak and Karin Littau, 92–105. Bristol, Blue Ridge Summit: Multilingual Matters, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781853599583-008.

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Adéẹ̀kọ́, Adélékè. "Gender in Translation: Ẹfúnṣetán Aníwúrà." In Gender Epistemologies in Africa, 35–62. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230116276_3.

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Sandford, Stella. "Chapter 1. Genos, sex, gender and genre." In Benjamins Translation Library, 9–24. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/btl.140.01san.

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Maier, Carol S. "Gender, pedagogy, and literary translation." In American Translators Association Scholarly Monograph Series, 157–72. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ata.xii.11mai.

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Conference papers on the topic "Translation of gender"

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Cho, Won Ik, Ji Won Kim, Seok Min Kim, and Nam Soo Kim. "On Measuring Gender Bias in Translation of Gender-neutral Pronouns." In Proceedings of the First Workshop on Gender Bias in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-3824.

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Stanovsky, Gabriel, Noah A. Smith, and Luke Zettlemoyer. "Evaluating Gender Bias in Machine Translation." In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1164.

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Choubey, Prafulla Kumar, Anna Currey, Prashant Mathur, and Georgiana Dinu. "GFST: Gender-Filtered Self-Training for More Accurate Gender in Translation." In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.123.

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Vanmassenhove, Eva, Christian Hardmeier, and Andy Way. "Getting Gender Right in Neural Machine Translation." In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1334.

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Gaido, Marco, Beatrice Savoldi, Luisa Bentivogli, Matteo Negri, and Marco Turchi. "Breeding Gender-aware Direct Speech Translation Systems." In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: International Committee on Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.coling-main.350.

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Gaido, Marco, Beatrice Savoldi, Luisa Bentivogli, Matteo Negri, and Marco Turchi. "Breeding Gender-aware Direct Speech Translation Systems." In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: International Committee on Computational Linguistics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.coling-main.350.

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Wisniewski, Guillaume, Lichao Zhu, Nicolas Bailler, and François Yvon. "Screening Gender Transfer in Neural Machine Translation." In Proceedings of the Fourth BlackboxNLP Workshop on Analyzing and Interpreting Neural Networks for NLP. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.blackboxnlp-1.24.

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Ramesh, Krithika, Gauri Gupta, and Sanjay Singh. "Evaluating Gender Bias in Hindi-English Machine Translation." In Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Gender Bias in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.gebnlp-1.3.

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Cho, Won Ik, Jiwon Kim, Jaeyeong Yang, and Nam Soo Kim. "Towards Cross-Lingual Generalization of Translation Gender Bias." In FAccT '21: 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445907.

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Elaraby, Mostafa, Ahmed Y. Tawfik, Mahmoud Khaled, Hany Hassan, and Aly Osama. "Gender aware spoken language translation applied to English-Arabic." In 2018 2nd International Conference on Natural Language and Speech Processing (ICNLSP). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnlsp.2018.8374387.

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Reports on the topic "Translation of gender"

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Бережна, Маргарита Василівна. Translator’s Gender in the Target Text. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4140.

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For the last three decades, the issue of translator’s gender and its representation in the target text has been actively researched in translation studies. Over the period there appeared numerous, sometimes contradicting views on markers of feminine / masculine / other types of speech, on whether the translator’s gender is revealed in the target text, and on the quality of translation depending on the translator’s gender. The present paper focuses on the translator’s gender markers in the target text. Taking into account the results of other linguists and my own observations, I consider the researched units being either definite or ambiguous markers of the translator’s gender. I want to bring to light gender differences in two Ukrainian translations (female translation by Natalia Tysovska and male translation by Viacheslav Brodovyi) of George R.R. Martin’s A Game of Thrones. The semantic, pragmatic and stylistic shifts in the target text conditioned by the translator’s gender and gender stereotypes blur the sense of the source text. Thus, such shifts should be regarded as unwanted changes and better be avoided.

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Leibowitz, Michael J. Translational Regulation of Cloned Genes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada248892.

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Chamovitz, Daniel, and Albrecht Von Arnim. Translational regulation and light signal transduction in plants: the link between eIF3 and the COP9 signalosome. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696515.bard.

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The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an eight-subunit protein complex that is highly conserved among eukaryotes. Genetic analysis of the signalosome in the plant model species Arabidopsis thaliana has shown that the signalosome is a repressor of light dependent seedling development as mutant Arabidopsis seedlings that lack this complex develop in complete darkness as if exposed to light. These mutant plants die following the seedling stage, even when exposed to light, indicating that the COP9 signalosome also has a central role in the regulation of normal photomorphogenic development. The biochemical mode of action of the signalosome and its position in eukaryotic cell signaling pathways is a matter of controversy and ongoing investigation, and recent results place the CSN at the juncture of kinase signaling pathways and ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. We have shown that one of the many CSN functions may relate to the regulation of translation through the interaction of the CSN with its related complex, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF3). While we have established a physical connection between eIF3 subunits and CSN subunits, the physiological and developmental significance of this interaction is still unknown. In an effort to understand the biochemical activity of the signalosome, and its role in regulating translation, we originally proposed to dissect the contribution of "h" subunit of eIF3 (eIF3h) along the following specific aims: (i) Isolation and phenotypic characterization of an Arabidopsis loss-of-function allele for eIF3h from insertional mutagenesis libraries; (ii) Creation of designed gain and loss of function alleles for eIF3h on the basis of its nucleocytoplasmic distribution and its yeast-two-hybrid interactions with other eIF3 and signalosome partner proteins; (iii) Determining the contribution of eIF3h and its interaction with the signalosome by expressing specific mutants of eIF3h in the eIF3h- loss-of function background. During the course of the research, these goals were modified to include examining the genetic interaction between csn and eif3h mutations. More importantly, we extended our effort toward the genetic analysis of mutations in the eIF3e subunit, which also interacts with the CSN. Through the course of this research program we have made several critical scientific discoveries, all concerned with the apparent diametrically opposed roles of eIF3h and eIF3e. We showed that: 1) While eIF3e is essential for growth and development, eIF3h is not essential for growth or basal translation; 2) While eIF3e has a negative role in translational regulation, eIF3h is positively required for efficient translation of transcripts with complex 5' UTR sequences; 3) Over-accumulation of eIF3e and loss-of-function of eIF3h both lead to cop phenotypes in dark-grown seedlings. These results were published in one publication (Kim et al., Plant Cell 2004) and in a second manuscript currently in revision for Embo J. Are results have led to a paradigm shift in translation research – eIF3 is now viewed in all systems as a dynamic entity that contains regulatory subuits that affect translational efficiency. In the long-term agronomic outlook, the proposed research has implications that may be far reaching. Many important plant processes, including developmental and physiological responses to light, abiotic stress, photosynthate, and hormones operate in part by modulating protein translation [23, 24, 40, 75]. Translational regulation is slowly coming of age as a mechanism for regulating foreign gene expression in plants, beginning with translational enhancers [84, 85] and more recently, coordinating the expression of multiple transgenes using internal ribosome entry sites. Our contribution to understanding the molecular mode of action of a protein complex as fundamental as eIF3 is likely to lead to advances that will be applicable in the foreseeable future.

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Begzsuren, Tsolmon, and Veronica Mendizabal Joffre. Translating Women’s Voices into Action: Addressing Gender-Based Violence through Investments in Infrastructure. Asian Development Bank, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps189587-2.

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Geballe, Adam. Translational Regulation of HER2 Gene Expression. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada339298.

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Barash, Itamar, and Robert Rhoads. Translational Mechanisms Governing Milk Protein Levels and Composition. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696526.bard.

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Original objectives: The long-term goal of the research is to achieve higher protein content in the milk of ruminants by modulating the translational apparatus of the mammary gland genetically, nutritionally, or pharmacologically. The short-term objectives are to obtain a better understanding of 1) the role of amino acids (AA) as regulators of translation in bovine and mouse mammary epithelial cells and 2) the mechanism responsible for the synergistic enhancement of milk-protein mRNA polyadenylation by insulin and prolactin. Background of the topic: In many cell types and tissues, individual AA affect a signaling pathway which parallels the insulin pathway to modulate rates and levels of protein synthesis. Diverse nutritional and hormonal conditions are funneled to mTOR, a multidomain serine/threonine kinase that regulates a number of components in the initiation and elongation stages of translation. The mechanism by which AA signal mTOR is largely unknown. During the current grant period, we have studied the effect of essential AA on mechanisms involved in protein synthesis in differentiated mammary epithelial cells cultured under lactogenic conditions. We also studied lactogenic hormone regulation of milk protein synthesis in differentiated mammary epithelial cells. In the first BARD grant (2000-03), we discovered a novel mechanism for mRNA-specific hormone-regulated translation, namely, that the combination of insulin plus prolactin causes cytoplasmic polyadenylation of milk protein mRNAs, which leads to their efficient translation. In the current BARD grant, we have pursued the signaling pathways of this novel hormone action. Major conclusions/solutions/achievements: The positive and negative signaling from AA to the mTOR pathway, combined with modulation of insulin sensitization, mediates the synthesis rates of total and specific milk proteins in mammary epithelial cells. The current in vitro study revealed cryptic negative effects of Lys, His, and Thr on cellular mechanisms regulating translation initiation and protein synthesis in mammary epithelial cells that could not be detected by conventional in vivo analyses. We also showed that a signaling pathway involving Jak2 and Stat5, previously shown to lead from the prolactin receptor to transcription of milk protein genes, is also used for cytoplasmic polyadenylation of milk protein mRNAs, thereby stabilizing these mRNAs and activating them for translation. Implications: In vivo, plasma AA levels are affected by nutritional and hormonal effects as well as by conditions of exercise and stress. The amplitude in plasma AA levels resembles that applied in the current in vitro study. Thus, by changing plasma AA levels in the epithelial cell microenvironment or by sensitizing the mTOR pathway to their presence, it should be possible to modulate the rate of milk protein synthesis. Furthermore, knowledge that phosphorylation of Stat5 is required for enhanced milk protein synthesis in response to lactogenic opens the possibility for pharmacologic approaches to increase the phosphorylation of Stat5 and, thereby, milk protein production.

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Chejanovsky, Nor, and Suzanne M. Thiem. Isolation of Baculoviruses with Expanded Spectrum of Action against Lepidopteran Pests. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7586457.bard.

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Our long-term goal is to learn to control (expand and restrict) the host range of baculoviruses. In this project our aim was to expand the host range of the prototype baculovirus Autographa cali/arnica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) towards American and Israeli pests. To achieve this objective we studied AcMNPV infection in the non-permissive hosts L. dispar and s. littoralis (Ld652Y and SL2 cells, respectively) as a model system and the major barriers to viral replication. We isolated recombinant baculoviruses with expanded infectivity towards L. dispar and S. littoralis and tested their infectivity towards other Lepidopteran pests. The restricted host range displayed by baculoviruses constitutes an obstacle to their further implementation in the control of diverse Lepidopteran pests, increasing the development costs. Our work points out that cellular defenses are major role blocks to AcMNPV replication in non- and semi-permissive hosts. Therefore a major determinant ofbaculovirus host range is the ability of the virus to effectively counter cellular defenses of host cells. This is exemplified by our findings showing tliat expressing the viral gene Ldhrf-l overcomes global translation arrest in AcMNPV -infected Ld652Y cells. Our data suggests that Ld652Y cells have two anti-viral defense pathways, because they are subject to global translation arrest when infected with AcMNPV carrying a baculovirus apoptotic suppressor (e.g., wild type AcMNPV carryingp35, or recombinant AcMNPV carrying Opiap, Cpiap. or p49 genes) but apoptose when infected with AcMNPV-Iacking a functional apoptotic suppressor. We have yet to elucidate how hrf-l precludes the translation arrest mechanism(s) in AcMNPV-infected Ld652Y cells. Ribosomal profiles of AcMNPV infected Ld652Y cells suggested that translation initiation is a major control point, but we were unable to rule-out a contribution from a block in translation elongation. Phosphorylation of eIF-2a did not appear to playa role in AcMNPV -induced translation arrest. Mutagenesis studies ofhrf-l suggest that a highly acidic domain plays a role in precluding translation arrest. Our findings indicate that translation arrest may be linked to apoptosis either through common sensors of virus infection or as a consequence of late events in the virus life-cycle that occur only if apoptosis is suppressed. ~ AcMNPV replicates poorly in SL2 cells and induces apoptosis. Our studies in AcMNPV - infected SL2ceils led us to conclude that the steady-state levels of lEI (product of the iel gene, major AcMNPV -transactivator and multifunctional protein) relative to those of the immediate early viral protein lEO, playa critical role in regulating the viral infection. By increasing the IEl\IEO ratio we achieved AcMNPV replication in S. littoralis and we were able to isolate recombinant AcMNPV s that replicated efficiently in S. lifforalis cells and larvae. Our data that indicated that AcMNPV - infection may be regulated by an interaction between IE 1 and lED (of previously unknown function). Indeed, we showed that IE 1 associates with lED by using protein "pull down" and immunoprecipitation approaches High steady state levels of "functional" IE 1 resulted in increased expression of the apoptosis suppressor p35 facilitating AcMNPV -replication in SL2 cells. Finally, we determined that lED accelerates the viral infection in AcMNPV -permissive cells. Our results show that expressing viral genes that are able to overcome the insect-pest defense system enable to expand baculovirus host range. Scientifically, this project highlights the need to further study the anti-viral defenses of invertebrates not only to maximi~e the possibilities for manipulating baculovirus genomes, but to better understand the evolutionary underpinnings of the immune systems of vertebrates towards virus infection.

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Martin, Paul T. Translational Studies of GALGT2 Gene Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613577.

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Martin, Paul T. Translational Studies of GALGT2 Gene Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada598203.

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Elroy-Stein, Orna, and Dmitry Belostotsky. Mechanism of Internal Initiation of Translation in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696518.bard.

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Original objectives Elucidation of PABP's role in crTMV148 IRES function in-vitro using wheat germ extract and krebs-2 cells extract. Fully achieved. Elucidation of PABP's role in crTMV148 IRES function in-vivo in Arabidopsis. Characterization of the physical interactions of PABP and other potential ITAFs with crTMV148 IRES. Partly achieved. To conduct search for additional ITAFs using different approaches and evaluate the candidates. Partly achieved. Background of the topic The power of internal translation via the activity of internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) elements allow coordinated synthesis of multiple gene products from a single transcription unit, and thereby enables to bypass the need for sequential transformation with multiple independent transgenes. The key goal of this project was to identify and analyze the IRES-trans-acting factors (ITAFs) that mediate the activity of a crucifer-infecting tobamovirus (crTMV148) IRES. The remarkable conservation of the IRES activity across the phylogenetic spectrum (yeast, plants and animals) strongly suggests that key ITAFs that mediate its activity are themselves highly conserved. Thus, crTMV148 IRES offers opportunity for elucidation of the fundamental mechanisms underlying internal translation in higher plants in order to enable its rational manipulation for the purpose of agricultural biotechnology. Major conclusions and achievements. - CrTMV IRES requires PABP for maximal activity. This conclusion was achieved by PABP depletion and reconstitution of wheat germ- and Krebs2-derived in-vitro translation assays using Arabidopsis-derived PABP2, 3, 5, 8 and yeast Pab1p. - Mutations in the internal polypurine tract of the IRES decrease the high-affinity binding of all phylogenetically divergent PABPs derived from Arabidopsis and yeast in electro mobility gel shift assays. - Mutations in the internal polypurine tract decrease IRES activity in-vivo. - The 3'-poly(A) tail enhances crTMV148 IRES activity more efficiently in the absence of 5'-methylated cap. - In-vivo assembled RNPs containing proteins specifically associated with the IRES were purified from HEK293 cells using the RNA Affinity in Tandem (RAT) approach followed by their identification by mass spectroscopy. - This study yielded a list of potential protein candidates that may serve as ITAFs of crTMV148 IRES activity, among them are a/b tubulin, a/g actin, GAPDH, enolase 1, ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor 1, 26S proteasome subunit p45, rpSA, eEF1Bδ, and proteasome b5 subunit. Implications, both scientific and agriculture. The fact that the 3'-poly(A) tail enhances crTMV148 IRES activity more efficiently in the absence of 5'-methylated cap suggests a potential joint interaction between PABP, the IRES sequence and the 3'-poly(A). This has an important scientific implication related to IRES function in general.

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