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1
Gray, Karmin, and Frank Ulbrich. "Ambiguity acceptance and translation skills in the project management literature." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 10, no. 2 (April 4, 2017): 423–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-05-2016-0044.
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Purpose The project management literature provides a fairly united picture of the importance of projects being successful. One success factor is represented by project managers themselves, whose personality, skills, knowledge, competencies, and traits affect project success. To better understand various project manager types, the purpose of this paper is to review the extant project management literature and propose a framework for categorising project managers based on the traits that they possess or lack. Design/methodology/approach The research commenced with identifying and collecting articles from the academic project management literature. The articles were then coded to identify different competencies and traits that a project manager needs to be successful. Based on this analysis, a framework with four main project manager types was developed. Findings The results indicate that ambiguity acceptance and translation skills are two important dimensions that project managers need to be successful. The four project manager types were arranged around two dimensions. Research limitations/implications The framework presented is based on previous research. Empirical testing of the proposed framework would be a promising direction for future research. Practical implications The framework assists reflective practitioners in identifying what kind of project manager they currently are, suggesting how they might transition into a different project manager type to increase their project management success rate. Originality/value This paper conceptualises project managers and how their personal traits relate to project success. It offers practical help to project managers in understanding their strengths and limitations, and how to become a different type of project manager.
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Rodríguez-Castro, Mónica. "The project manager and virtual translation teams." Translation Spaces 2 (November 15, 2013): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.2.03rod.
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The project manager (PM) has become an inevitable and indispensible component of translation workflow due to the rapid industrialization of the translation industry over the last two decades. A PM serves as the mediator between the translator(s), the language service provider (LSP), and the end client. The human resources of language industry projects are increasingly organized into geographically distributed and culturally heterogeneous “virtual teams”. The virtual character of these teams has created new challenges for group dynamics. This paper attempts to define the fluid role of the modern project manager by focusing on translators’ attitudes toward the PM in virtual teamwork situations, as revealed by an online survey. The survey looked at the factors of (a) communication workflow; (b) matching the skills of team members to projects; (c) interpersonal relationships; (d) translator appreciation, and (e) the PM’s level of team support and supervision. Survey results were analyzed via a regression model as a means of exploring the important elements of a PM’s role in virtual translation teams from the perspective of the team members themselves.
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Plaza-Lara, Cristina. "How does machine translation and post-editing affect project management? An interdisciplinary approach." Hikma 19, no. 2 (December 19, 2020): 163–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/hikma.v19i2.12516.
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Machine translation (MT) and post-editing (PE) are two services that are increasingly in demand in the translation industry. In a context in which large-scale projects are required within tight deadlines, the deployment of this technology to increase productivity is a reality. However, this increase in productivity can only be achieved with appropriate management of the project: MT must not be understood as a tool, but as a process, and project managers, who are usually responsible for the project from start to finish, have to cope with new MT and PE workflows that pose different challenges. Although much has been written about the use of MT and PE in professional practice (resulting in different lines of research in this field), little attention has been paid to the role of the project manager in MT and PE projects. For this reason, the main objective of this paper is to analyse how MT and PE affect the factors that project managers must keep in mind when managing projects, taking as a starting point the most important reference frameworks in project management. The main objective is to offer an interdisciplinary perspective that explains the new challenges the industry is facing and how these challenges affect the different stakeholders involved in the project.
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Han, Bianca. "Translation, from Pen-and-Paper to Computer-Assisted Tools (CAT Tools) and Machine Translation (MT)." Proceedings 63, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020063056.
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This paper reflects the technology-induced novelty of translation, which is perceived as a bridge between languages and cultures. We debate the extent to which the translation process maintains its specificity in the light of the new technology-enhanced working methods ensured by a large variety of Computer-Assisted Translation (CAT) and Machine Translation (MT) tools that aim to enhance the process, which includes the translation itself, the translator, the translation project manager, the linguist, the terminologist, the reviewer, and the client. This paper also hints at the topic from the perspective of the translation teacher, who needs to provide students with transversal competencies that are suitable for the digital area, supported by the ability to tackle Cloud-based translation tools, in view of Industry 4.0 requirements.
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LuperFoy, Susann. "Machine interpretation of bilingual dialogue." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 1, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 213–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.1.2.03lup.
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This paper examines the role of the dialogue manager component of a machine interpreter. It is a report on one project to design the discourse module for such a voice-to-voice machine translation (MT) system known as the Interpreting Telephone. The theoretical discourse framework that underlies the proposed dialogue manager supports the job of extracting and collecting information from the context, and facilitating human-machine language interaction in a multi-user environment. Empirical support for the dialogue theory and the implementation described herein, comes from an observational study of one human interpreter engaged in a three-way, bilingual telephone conversation. We begin with a brief description of the interpreting telephone research endeavor, then examine the discourse requirements of such a language-processing system, and finally, report on the application of the discourse processing framework to this voice-to-voice machine translation task.
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Williams, Rhonda, Carol Woodell, Erin McCarville, Maureen Damitz, Tinesha Banks, Jorge Montoya, Julie Kennedy Lesch, Patricia Peretz, and Marielena Lara. "Desired Attributes and Skills of Program Managers in Translation of Evidence-Based Interventions." Health Promotion Practice 12, no. 6_suppl_1 (November 2011): 82S—90S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839911412593.
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Successful chronic disease project management, especially of multiyear initiatives using evidence-based interventions (EBIs), is of great importance to funders, health care decision makers, and researchers, particularly in light of limited funding. However, a gap in knowledge may exist regarding which attributes and skills are most desirable in a program manager to help him or her ensure successful implementation of EBIs. Although some literature examines the dynamics contributing to the success of community coalitions, public health leadership, and community health education, there is minimal literature exploring the significance of a program manager’s role in the conceptualization, implementation, and sustainability of initiatives to improve patient and community health. The authors present their experiences as participants in a large-scale asthma initiative implemented in priority communities, as well as results of a survey distributed among all personnel of the program sites. The survey aimed to assess the key skills and attributes, in addition to contextual factors, that contribute to the strength of a program manager overseeing EBIs in asthma initiatives. The results suggest that certain attributes and skills are desirable in recruiting and hiring of a program manager, especially when augmented by ongoing skill-building training, and can help ensure program and research success.
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Lundberg, Anna. "Beyond the Gaze. Translations as a Norm-Critical Praxis in Theatre for Children and Young." Nordic Theatre Studies 28, no. 1 (June 22, 2016): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v28i1.23976.
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This article is based on the project Experimental theatre:. Intersectional encounters between dramatic art, school and academia, financed by the Swedish Research Council. It is an action research project on interactive dramatic art based at ung scen/öst (Östgötateatern), an experimental theatre group for children and young people.. with Malin Axelsson is the group’sas artistic director. Project manager Anna Lundberg has a background in drama studies and gender studies.The troika of dramatic art-school-academia provides an empirical focus, coupled with a closer analysis of the artistic processes between children and adults based on productions by ung scen/öst.What happens with the staging when the method involves open collaboration and shared learning? How is knowledge and meaning negotiated in artistic endeavours The project includes two performances and a publication. The project received financial support from the Swedish Research Council for the period 2012–2013.This article focuses on translation practices at ung scen/öst, the creative processes within the project built by the group as a form, i.e. director, ensemble (actors), researcher and other members of the artistic team exploring ideas and expressions and creating theatre together.
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����������, Tatyana Ponomareva, �������, Dmitriy Gergert, ����������, and Tatyana Ponomareva. "Importance of Integrating Sustainability Principles into Project Management Competency Standards." Russian Journal of Project Management 4, no. 3 (September 17, 2015): 9–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13393.
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The balance between economic growth and social wellbeing has been around as a political and managerial challenge for many years, and the concept of sustainability has grown in recognition and importance. The pressure on companies to broaden its economic and sustainability performance reporting and accountability to shareholders has increased. The integration of the concepts of sustainability in projects and project management became very significant. Today modern companies have to implement the principles of sustainability in their operational activities, and this process requires changers including: finance, marketing, manufacturing, communications. Project managers are regarded in organizations as �change agents� who have a strong influence on the sustainability of organizations. Translating the principles of sustainability into strategic and operational reality project managers need to obtain some competencies that provide them with the necessary tools and abilities to manage such important changes and to integrate sustainability standards and ideas into company�s day-to-day operations. However, the standards of project management fail to address the role that project managers play in realizing sustainable development, and project managers are lacking competencies to consider the sustainability aspects of their projects. This �competency gap� of the project manager has appeared in the standards of project management competencies. Many scientific scholars and practitioners are aware of strong importance of engaging sustainability into the modern models of project managers� competencies, to prepare project managers for their pivotal role in realizing sustainability of organizations. The central question of this paper is: Which new competencies should be added to the standards of project management competencies? This paper also reports a literature-based analysis of the coverage of the competencies required for considering sustainability aspects, in the standards of project management competencies. In this article the authors present a review of different scientific approaches to the sustainability competencies of project managers and make an attempt to establish the significance of closing the gap between the set of project managers� competences and the required competencies from the point of sustainability.
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Olohan, Maeve, and Elena Davitti. "Dynamics of Trusting in Translation Project Management: Leaps of Faith and Balancing Acts." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 46, no. 4 (October 4, 2015): 391–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241615603449.
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This paper examines the work of project managers in two UK-based translation companies. Drawing on participant observation, interviews, and artifacts from field sites, our analysis focuses on the ways in which trust is developed and maintained in the relationships that project managers build, on the one hand, with the clients who commission them to undertake translation projects, and, on the other, with freelance translators who perform the translation work. The project manager’s ability both to confer and to instill trust is highlighted as key to the successful operation of the company. Conceptualizing trust as a dynamic process, we consider what this process of trusting entails in this context: positive expectations vis-à-vis the other parties; willingness to expose oneself to vulnerabilities; construction of bases for suspending doubts and uncertainties (leaps of faith). We observe the important role of communication and discursive strategies in building and maintaining trust and draw conclusions for translator education.
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De Vos Malan, Jacques. "INVITED EDITORIAL Transdisciplinary Research Management: the Case For Specialised Skills." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 25 (September 30, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n25p1.
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An increasing proportion of research projects are interdisciplinary or even trans-disciplinary in nature, particularly in the case of research directed at addressing the ‘wicked’ problems that arise in public policy-making. Transdisciplinary work is complex, contestable, often culture-specific and messy. In these projects, the role of the research project manager, as facilitator and intermediary, often becomes crucial. An experienced transdisciplinary project manager will play an important function as a member of the leadership group, bridging and translating between the various disciplinary stakeholders, holding together the conceptual and practical elements of the project. This paper examines four of the specialised skills required of transdisciplinary project managers: the capacity for rigorous scoping; the development of a collaborative culture; familiarity with serious and pervasive ambiguity; and a clear understanding of target audiences. The findings draw on practical experience gained by the Australian Council of Learned Academies (ACOLA) research management team, through the delivery of the program Securing Australia’s Future, between 2012 and 2016.
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Holljen, Maj-Britt. "Practice Orientation in the Teaching of LSP Translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 46, no. 1 (July 4, 2000): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.46.1.04hol.
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The issue of translator training has become one of FIT’s principal concerns, as it touches fundamental aspects of the future of the field of translation generally, and of LSP translation in particular. Quality assurance in connection with translation studies is not something that is built up over night. I have long been concerned with the problem of how to integrate into the students’ workload texts which not just reflect but rather challenge the different kinds of requirements demanded by their future employers. The POSI project — PraxisOrientierte Studieninhalte für die Ausbildung von Übersetzern und Dolmetschern – is approaching the same problem from a different angle, namely by focusing on the market’s need for qualified translators, and defining qualified as including not just the actual translating abilities, but indeed abilities to manage the entire translation process with all its extra-textual aspects. Theoretically I lean on Christiane Nord and the functionalist model of translation in my didactic approach to translator training. The article is two sided: a)it is a report on a three-year research project involving the introduction of real external translation assignments into the curriculum of LSP translation studies, and b) it is a didactic reflection on this kind of practical orientation, on what we are able to achieve, how and why it is so vital to enlarge the scope of teaching translation in this direction.
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Escartín, Carla Parra, Hanna Béchara, and Constantin Orăsan. "Questing for Quality Estimation A User Study." Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 108, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pralin-2017-0032.
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AbstractPost-Editing of Machine Translation (MT) has become a reality in professional translation workflows. In order to optimize the management of projects that use post-editing and avoid underpayments and mistrust from professional translators, effective tools to assess the quality of Machine Translation (MT) systems need to be put in place. One field of study that could address this problem is Machine Translation Quality Estimation (MTQE), which aims to determine the quality of MT without an existing reference. Accurate and reliable MTQE can help project managers and translators alike, as it would allow estimating more precisely the cost of post-editing projects in terms of time and adequate fares by discarding those segments that are not worth post-editing (PE) and have to be translated from scratch.In this paper, we report on the results of an impact study which engages professional translators in PE tasks using MTQE. We measured translators’ productivity in different scenarios: translating from scratch, post-editing without using MTQE, and post-editing using MTQE. Our results show that QE information, when accurate, improves post-editing efficiency.
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Benari, Colby. "University College London - Academic Careers Office." Impact 2020, no. 7 (November 30, 2020): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.7.6.
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Help progress science and biomedical research discoveries along the development pathway to patient benefit. Offer academics assistance with: defining development and regulatory strategy; building and managing links to available resources; funder liaising and reporting requirements; managing risks and issues, follow-on funding and on-going project management and support. Bridge the gap between academia and the commercial healthcare sector by de-risking UCL's novel science a team of 24 highly experienced industrial translational scientists tasked with establishing the organisational culture, capability and processes necessary to deliver the UCL and BRC's mission of "Accelerating translation for health and wealth". The TRO supports the development of early stage research from across UCL and its partner hospitals, into projects attractive for translational funding or further development with partners and nurture access to complementary capacity, expertise and skills in translational science. The TRO achieves this through the integrated activities of three specialist groups a Drug Discovery Group (DDG) provides expert advice and practical support for small molecule drug discovery projects across UCL; a Translational Research Group who provide experienced project leaders to guide projects (gene, cell and regenerative medicine therapies, devices, diagnostics, small molecules) through their development; and an Industrial Partnerships Group who initiate and manage relationships with industry. The team have a proven track record of therapeutic delivery and work in partnership with academics and industry partners, enhancing projects to optimise the chances of long-term success and benefit to patients.
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Scarponcini, Paul. "ISO 19133 Tracking and Navigation Standard." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1935, no. 1 (January 2005): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193500109.
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Most information maintained by a department of transportation (DOT) includes a physical location to specify where the data apply. Most often, this location is described with a linear referencing method (LRM). Because no single method is best for all applications, multiple methods are often used in each DOT. Engineers use stationing to locate construction items. Transportation data administrators may use mile point to locate roadway characteristics. Safety officers often use reference markers to locate crashes. TRB has stated that location can serve as an integrating concept for assimilating data from multiple sources. Until now, there were no standards for linear referencing methods; they vary between databases and between DOTs. Consequently, it has been difficult to integrate data from numerous sources by using locations with disparate formats. A new ISO standard should help remedy this situation. The ISO 19133 tracking and navigation standard includes a package for linear reference systems. It generalizes how linear locations are specified to enable translation between locations from different methods. It is based on the generalized model for linear reference, an abstraction of the NCHRP 20-27 conceptual model. According to the standard, locations are formalized as position expressions composed of a method of measurement (LRM), a linear element along which the measure is made, and the measurement itself. Locations can be on the linear element or offset laterally to either side. This paper explains the standard, how it was derived, and its implementation at the Minnesota DOT in its location data manager project.
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Savchyn, V. R. "Vasyl Mysyk and Mykola Lukash: two interpretations of Robert Burns’s poetry." Movoznavstvo 313, no. 4 (September 10, 2020): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33190/0027-2833-313-2020-4-003.
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The paper examines the representation of Burns’s poetical oeuvre in Ukrainian translations by Mykola Lukash (1919–1988) and Vasyl Mysyk (1907–1983), who established the Ukrainian canon of Robert Burns. Their translations are included in school textbooks, radio broadcasts and set to music. These translations confirmed a paradox of co-existence of two equally successful, but quite different interpretations of Burns made through the prism of translators’ ideology, personality, poetic motivations and other constraints. Mysyk’s ambition was to show real Burns in all the variety of his works. He adopted a strategy of a literary studies scholar who paid scrupulous attention to textual detail, be it biographical, historical or figurative. All his translator’s decisions were subdued to his wish for utmost proximity to the original text. In a similar vein, the selection of texts for translation was guided by his desire to introduce Burns’s works into Ukrainian literary context in their integrity and variety, rather than by his personal taste. For Lukash, on the contrary, Burns was not related to a comprehensive translation project. He was one of his favorite poets, and these were Burns’s songs that appealed to Lukash most. Conceptually as well as stylistically Lukash’s translations of Burns are folklore-oriented and folklore inspired. In this way, the translator successfully reproduced the dominant features of Burns’s poetics by emphasizing its folk spirit. On the other hand, Ukrainian folklore poetics employed in Lukash’s translations proved to be a convenient tool to manipulate the text governed by translator’s ideology. Through the prism of folklore style Lukash managed to convey implied political messages to fuel resistance and defiance, which suggests a form of translator’s activism.
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Sakamoto, Akiko. "Unintended consequences of translation technologies: from project managers’ perspectives." Perspectives 27, no. 1 (May 22, 2018): 58–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2018.1473452.
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Tošić, Jovana. "Deconstruction in Architecture – Continuous Translation through an Open Project." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies, no. 12 (April 15, 2017): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.25038/am.v0i12.170.
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Jacques Derrida developed deconstruction as a way of thinking which constantly examines the nature and possibilities of meaning. The paper analyses spatial-economic, cultural and social context in which deconstructive discourse was translated into architectural discourse. Translation between these two discourses happens vice versa. Deconstructivism emphasizes the formal properties of architecture, like postmodernism, which is the subject of exploration by architects such as Coop Himmelblau, Frank Gehry, Eric Owen Moss, etc. According to some interpretations, the only solution for deconstruction in architectural work is incompleteness, an open project which represents never-ending deconstruction. There are different solutions for open projects, and the article highlights projects by architects mentioned above, which seems to manage to achieve continuous deconstruction in practice. Article received: December 23, 2016; Article accepted: January 18, 2017; Published online: April 20, 2017Original scholarly paperHow to cite this paper: Tošić, Jovana. "Deconstruction in Architecture – Continuous Translation through an Open Project." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 20 (2017): 99-107.
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Garcia, Ignacio. "Translating in the Cloud Age: Online Marketplaces." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business, no. 56 (October 10, 2017): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v0i56.97202.
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This article explores the influence of cloud computing on translation, including professional translation. Cloud computing reshapes the management of labour in ways that unsettle the traditional relations between managers and workers. It gives managers live control over how a project progresses, and a minute description of how each worker performs. These real-time metrics in turn facilitate rapid, semi-automated performance assessment that focuses on the desired parameters and saves sifting through résumés. Now, even larger translation projects conducted under more conventional project management protocols are being pushed to online marketplaces in the cloud and one of the reasons behind the decision may be so that the generated metadata can be analysed to profile the most efficient procedures and identify the best performing translators.While the advantages of those online marketplaces to vendors and their clients are apparent, the model’s success requires cloud entrepreneurs to sell it to potential workers as well. The marketing therefore emphasises democratised opportunity, whereby the suitably skilled (amateur or professional) can exploit their linguistic and topic knowledge by working where and when they wish, on more (and more varied) projects. Personal profiling is promoted as an added benefit that helps ensure each individual gets the most suitable offers. From a labour studies perspective however, this paper argues the cloud environment may reduce translators’ bargaining power.
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Angelone, Erik, and Álvaro Marín García. "Expertise acquisition through deliberate practice." Translation Spaces 6, no. 1 (October 13, 2017): 122–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.6.1.07ang.
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Abstract In his influential 2006 publication, Shreve, in citing Ericsson (1996, 21), outlines a series of fundamental conditions that must be met in order for the translator to acquire expertise. While expertise research on professional translator performance in authentic contexts has only recently started to gain traction in earnest, these conditions for expertise acquisition, while well-suited for academic contexts involving formal translator training, may not be as readily realizable within the language industry. In an attempt to complement recent workplace studies on translation (Risku and Windhager 2013; Ehrensberger-Dow 2014), our questionnaire-based explorative study sets out to gain a better understanding of how expertise in translation is conceptualized and fostered from within the language industry. By gauging how professional translators, as well as the project managers for whom they work, regard expertise from the perspective of the requisite conditions outlined by Shreve, we hope to establish greater clarity as to how expertise is envisioned, practiced, and valued along emic lines.
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Moradi, Neda, and Mohammad Jafar JABBARI. "A Study of Rendering Metaphors in the Translation of the Titles of Persian Medical Articles." Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 3, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 540–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birle.v3i1.675.
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AbstractThis study is an attempt to probe into the translation of metaphors in medical articles, to see whether the translators managed to render the same connotation of metaphors into English. This study covers some points for translating Persian metaphors into English through Newmark strategies (1988). As regards the most frequent strategy among the seven strategies proposed by Peter Newmark for translating metaphors, it was clarified that metaphors are rarely used in Iranian medical journals and cultural factors don't play an important role in translating. As a result, the researchers have come to the conclusion that titles as a text type may help improve medical academic literacy. This study is part of a growing body of research in the field. In using a largely untapped source of medical translation, this project will contribute to future research on similar topics. Also, the result of this study can be useful for medical and para-medical professionals, students, nurses and doctors in completing and updating their medical education and knowledge because they are the choicest readers of medical articles.
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Moradi, Neda, and Mohammad Jafar JABBARI. "A Study of Rendering Metaphors in the Translation of the Titles of Persian Medical Articles." Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2020): 365–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birle.v3i1.823.
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This study is an attempt to probe into the translation of metaphors in medical articles, to see whether the translators managed to render the same connotation of metaphors into English. This study covers some points for translating Persian metaphors into English through Newmark strategies (1988). As regards the most frequent strategy among the seven strategies proposed by Peter Newmark for translating metaphors, it was clarified that metaphors are rarely used in Iranian medical journals and cultural factors don't play an important role in translating. As a result, the researchers have come to the conclusion that titles as a text type may help improve medical academic literacy. This study is part of a growing body of research in the field. In using a largely untapped source of medical translation, this project will contribute to future research on similar topics. Also, the result of this study can be useful for medical and para-medical professionals, students, nurses and doctors in completing and updating their medical education and knowledge because they are the choicest readers of medical articles.
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Waheed, Zehra. "Translating customer needs into project decisions: identifying knowledge brokers in project networks." Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal 32, no. 5 (September 3, 2018): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dlo-03-2018-0034.
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Purpose It is essential for projects to fulfil a wide spectrum of customer expectations including social, psychological, technological, and physical ones. The purpose of this paper is to identify roles within project networks that act as transmitters and linkers of this important knowledge, thereby resulting in appropriate and timely on-ground decision-making. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative case analysis coupled with social network analysis (SNA) is used to map project actors and identify key knowledge brokers within a complex co-location project. The project network comprised 91 actors from a range of project partners from public and private sectors. Findings The research identifies key knowledge brokers where selection appears to reflect their “heavyweight” stature, high social capital, technical expertise, and personality. The research recommends early identification of brokers from within and outside the parent organization/s. Research limitations/implications The research covers a single, inductive, and interpretive study of a co-location project involving mature project organizations. Wider generalizability of findings to less mature organizations or those operating in vastly different sectors may be limited. Practical implications This study contributes to the existing body of literature on knowledge brokerage in projects and assists project managers in identifying and developing relevant brokers. Originality/value The study provides further evidence behind the argument that customer needs are translated into appropriate project decisions through key knowledge brokers.
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Dunn, Ashley, Linda Lucian, Gordon Saul, Paul Yock, and Mark Cullen. "3432 Stanford MedTech: An Innovative CTSA-Supported Pilot Program." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.287.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Helping researchers assess and effectively translate innovations into healthcare improvements is a complex process (Terry et. al., 2013). The Clinical Translational Science Awards (CTSA)—supported by the National Institute of Health (NIH) under the auspices of the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS)— provide the resources and support needed to strengthen our nation’s clinical and translational research (CTR) enterprise. In 2008, Stanford University was awarded a CTSA from the NIH, establishing Spectrum (the Stanford Center for Clinical and Translational Research and Education). Under the Spectrum umbrella, the Byers Center for Biodesign manages the MedTech Pilot Program with the goal of translating discoveries into novel health technologies that address important unmet health needs. The MedTech Pilot Program is an innovative funding mechanism that seeks to (1) stimulate clinical translational research, (2) help promising projects bridge the gap between the bench and the patients’ bedside, and (3) encourage collaborative, transdisciplinary work. Specifically, the Pilot Program offers up to $50,000 to support projects involving medical devices and mobile technologies used for (1) therapeutic applications and (2) device-based patient-specific (or POC) diagnostic applications. This analysis of the MedTech Pilot Program will: 1) describe the Program’s structure and process; 2) highlight the intensive, hands-on mentorship and practical guidance awardees receive that enables them to more efficiently and effectively advance their projects toward patient care; and 3) characterize the progress of the 36 funded projects. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Key elements of the Pilot Program’s infrastructure and mentoring processes as they relate to project outcomes were identified. Additionally, outcomes data were collected from two sources: (1) annual survey of Pilot Awardees and (2) publicly available information relevant to the pilot projects. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The Pilot Program’s framework and infrastructure has supported a diverse group of transdisciplinary projects. These projects were evaluated using both traditional and non-traditional metrics (e.g., patents, startups, publications). The initial investment of $1.5 million to fund 36 projects has led to over $88 million dollars in additional funding. Additionally, taking full advantage of the expertise in Silicon Valley, strong mentorship has helped advance projects along the clinical and translational path. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The Pilot Program has benefited Stanford innovators and researchers by providing seed funding to help promising projects bridge the gap between the bench and the bedside. The intensive, hands-on mentorship, early pilot funding, and practical guidance pilot awardees receive effectively help translate their technologies into patient care.
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Saba, Mario, Peter Bou Saba, and Antoine Harfouche. "Hidden facets of IT projects are revealed only after deployment." Information Technology & People 31, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/itp-06-2016-0144.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on an information technology (IT) deployment project in the specific field of agricultural cooperatives. It also aims to underline the importance of the IT implementation phase, but also the pre-implementation phase. Design/methodology/approach A four-year canonical action research project was conducted within a network of more than 300 agricultural cooperatives. Research was carried out both during the IT implementation and after deployment. Key information was gathered through unstructured and unofficial interviews, observations, field notes, meetings, focus groups, and documentary analysis. Findings Despite user resistance behavior, the findings show that information systems (IS) implementation may lead to unexpected results that extend beyond the tool’s initial objectives. Indeed, four hidden facets of the tool were revealed: inductor, symbol, pretext, and reference. Research limitations/implications Although the research is limited to one single-case study, it puts the emphasis on in-depth research, vs cross-sectional data collection, to analyze the relationship between IT implementation initiatives and organizational intelligence. Furthermore, the authors argue that while IS literature has separately developed related theories (actor-network theory, competitive intelligence), the authors conceptualize a whole theoretic system interrelating the two above-stated theories. Practical implications The implication for IS practitioners is that, by focusing only on experiences that have occurred during IT implementation, one may disregard critical information, behaviors and knowledge from unforeseen effects that have occurred after implementation. In future IT projects, IS managers therefore need to capitalize on post-implementation knowledge, through sociology of translation and competitive intelligence, in order to anticipate potential diversions from the initial objectives. Finally, while most IT implementation methods tend naturally to manage resistance maximize users’ satisfaction and to reduce potential resistance, the authors support an alternative approach. It consists into enhancing resistance in order to anticipate and resolve latent resistance behaviors directly or indirectly related to the project. Originality/value Despite widespread literature on resistance, appropriation or acceptance during IT projects, there is little research that addresses the impact of IT projects on organizational intelligence, and the kind of behaviors that lead to its failure or success. In the case, the implemented IT tool revealed hidden structural and organizational roles, which were unanticipated by IT designers and managers.
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Fougère, Martin, Nikodemus Solitander, and Sanchi Maheshwari. "Achieving Responsible Management Learning Through Enriched Reciprocal Learning: Service-Learning Projects and the Role of Boundary Spanners." Journal of Business Ethics 162, no. 4 (November 28, 2019): 795–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04365-8.
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AbstractThrough its focus on deep and experiential learning, service-learning (SL) has become increasingly popular within the business school curriculum. While a reciprocal dimension has been foundational to SL, the reciprocality that is emphasized in business ethics literature is often on the relationship between the service experience and the academic content, rather than reciprocal learning of the service providers (students) and the recipients (organizations and their managers), let alone other stakeholders. Drawing on the notion of enriched reciprocal learning and on Aristotle’s typology of modes of knowing, we (1) revisit reciprocal learning by illustrating what kinds of learning occur for server and served in four SL projects from a project course in CSR, and (2) emphasize the role of boundary spanners from the project organizations in making this reciprocal learning happen and translating the various types of student learning in ways that are useful for their organizations. We find that when boundary spanners are particularly engaged at making the projects impactful, they contribute to making the learning experiences of students, managers (including themselves) and sometimes other stakeholders useful, multidimensional, and ultimately rewarding.
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Pedersen, Daniel. "Managing transcreation projects." Translation Spaces 6, no. 1 (October 13, 2017): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.6.1.03ped.
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Abstract This paper investigates the translation spaces of a very specific translation practice, namely transcreation. In a marketing context, transcreation is usually concerned with the adaptation of advertising material into several different languages or for different markets. The paper is based on an ethnographic field study carried out at a marketing implementation agency in London, during which a group of transcreation managers was followed over a period of four weeks. The study relies mainly on observations of the interactions between the employees of the above-mentioned agency and their partners as well as on the researcher’s own participation in some of the agency’s work-related activities. As an activity, transcreation often involves two or more writers. These writers are most likely to be physically separated, but as the data from this study show, a transcreation agency can serve as a case for joint, situated efforts.
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Sakamoto, Akiko. "Disruption in translator-client matching: Paid crowdsourcing platforms vs human project managers." Tradumàtica: tecnologies de la traducció, no. 16 (December 3, 2018): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/tradumatica.218.
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Ignat, Anca, and Alexandru M. Călin. "Of “You” and “Thou,” Lips and Pilgrims in the Translation of Romeo and Juliet’s “Shared Sonnet”: A Hands-On Perspective." American, British and Canadian Studies 32, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2019-0003.
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Abstract It is not a recent discovery in the field of language history that the address pronouns thou and you were not, in Shakespeare’s time, used indiscriminately. If the speaker did have a choice between the two forms, that choice was by no means random, idiosyncratic or arbitrary, but always dictated by the social, relational or attitudinal context of a speech act. Nonetheless, all 20th-century Romanian translations of Romeo and Juliet (and of other Shakespearean plays) – from Haralamb Leca’s rather loose rendering (1907) to Ștefan-Octavian Iosif’s and to Virgil Teodorescu’s more refined versions (1940 and 1984, respectively) – seem to ignore the difference in associative meaning between the two forms, which is sometimes essential for a correct assessment of the relationships between characters. The latest Romanian translation of the play, which we have jointly submitted for publication within the Shakespeare for the Third Millennium project (William Shakespeare. Opere XIII, 2018) acknowledges the importance of the various associative meanings that the two pronouns carry and strives to restore these meanings to the text, though not without difficulty, given the rather restrictive form of the original, i.e. iambic pentameters, often with strict rhyme schemes. Thus, focusing on the well-known “shared sonnet” as one of the most relevant instances of pronoun alternation in the play, our paper discusses the uses of you and thou in Early Modern English and sets out to assess how much is lost in 20th-century translations, to show how our own translation restores the associative meanings of the two pronominal forms and finally to exemplify how we managed to overcome translation difficulties entailed by the metrical and stylistic demands of the text.
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Cui, Wan-An. "Critical Sequences and Resource Links Optimization in Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling." Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research 35, no. 05 (September 26, 2018): 1850032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021759591850032x.
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In order to identify critical activities and critical sequences under resource availability constraints, resource dependencies need to be established. By doing this, project managers and practitioners can focus their limited energy on specific activities and paths during the execution of a project schedule, thus guaranteeing that the project gets finished on time and with the available resources. This study proposes various rules to judge the superiority or inferiority of the methods of dependencies’ creation. The total number of critical sequences which is one of these rules, directly influences the degree of difficulty in controlling the whole project — a major concern for project managers. This study classifies activities in a resource-constrained project schedule on the basis of the relationships between activities and develops the basic idea behind the optimization of resource dependencies. Specifically, two mathematical models to minimize the total number of critical sequences and that of resource links through the table translation method are proposed. A computation example shows great improvement in the number of critical sequences, critical activities and resource links and gives effective results while solving the problems in the previous research. Moreover, simulations using J30, J60, and J120 instances by Kolisch highlight the high computing speed when searching for the actual minimum number of critical sequences and resource links thanks to the table translation method.
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Angeoletto, Fabio, Deleon da Silva Leandro, and Natalia Aguiar Paludetto. "Ecologia Translacional: informações ambientais aplicadas ao Planejamento e Gestão de Rondonópolis, MT, Brasil." Terr Plural 13, no. 3 (2019): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5212/terraplural.v.13i3.0030.
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Translational ecology is an approach according to scientists, decision-makers, legislators, and managers work together to solve sociological, ecological, and political environmental problems. Research projects in this approach are characterized by long-term partnerships between research institutions, legislators, and managers. In this essay we present and discuss 10 successful research projects with a translational ecological approach, conducted in partnership among the graduate programs of Geography, and Environmental Management and Technology of UFMT, European universities, the Environmental Steering Committee, Public Ministry of the State of Mato Grosso, and County Secretary of Environment of Rondonópolis.
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Sabourin, Vincent. "Strategy execution: five drivers of performance." Journal of Strategy and Management 8, no. 2 (May 18, 2015): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsma-06-2014-0048.
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Purpose – What are the strategies of managers to implement their strategy? What are the strategies to execute organizational objectives? The purpose of this paper is to approach what the authors call the drivers of performance that is the driving forces which impact the performance of a manager in executing his/her objectives. What are the strategies, which you as a manager have to have in order to execute your objectives and to obtain better results with your respective department? The authors discuss the five drivers of performance, that of rules, emotions, initiatives, immediate action and integrity. The research findings are presented with a discussion on the usefulness of the drivers. Design/methodology/approach – A survey questionnaire was administered to a population of 484, with a study sample of 180 managers to better understand the underlying drivers of performance in strategy execution. The authors used primarily components analysis to examine the relationship between drivers of performance identified in previous research. Findings – The study found four drivers the performance and management practices of managers. The following driver were found; driver of emotions, (getting a commitment for your objectives), the dimension of taking initiatives (translating the objectives into concrete projects/empowerment), the driver of rules (clarifying and aligning the objectives) and driver of immediate action (taking valued added action and facing emergencies in the execution). Research limitations/implications – The paper found that the fundamental of strategic management such as management leadership in performance and strategy execution could be organized according to four drivers. Additional work will be necessary to generalize the findings to other type of management programs which are related to performance effectiveness. Originality/value – The study sought to contribute a new management direction by identifying four drivers gathering the strategic platforms that managers could employ to organize their performance and strategy execution.
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Darcis, Coralie, and Sophie Thunus. "What Do Coordinators Do? Mental Health Policy Implementation as Translation." Administrative Sciences 10, no. 1 (February 6, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci10010009.
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Coordination is described as a widespread function emerging in relation to policy plans inducing collaboration between different sectors, organizations and professions. This paper suggests seeing the implementation phase as a translation process, one where the content of policy plans is reinvented primarily through discussion rather than linearly transferred from the political to the professional arena. It focuses on the function of coordinator with a view to examining how this function is performed and questions its influence on the local translation of both policy plans. The data collection was part of two research projects focusing on the reform of Belgian mental healthcare and the creation of care pathways for forensic patients, combining document analysis, interviews (n = 82) and observations (n = 58). The results highlight the inherent ambiguity of the coordinators’ working environment, the socially-disputed nature of their function and define the coordinators as connection-makers who exert power over processes rather than people or structures. It demonstrates that coordinators influence the policy process by inducing discussions at meetings and the documents subsequently produced. In conclusion, this paper defines coordinators as process managers whose work largely consists of translating policy plans through event connectivity and contextualizing practices. Given the importance of translation in policy implementation, this paper calls for a reconsideration of policy evaluation as well as of the coordinators’ recruitment and training procedures.
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Sehlola, Petronnell, and Tiko Iyamu. "Assessment of Risk on Information Technology Projects Through Moments of Translation." International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation 4, no. 2 (April 2012): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jantti.2012040104.
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Many of the IT solutions in an organisation are employed through IT projects. Based on the reliance on IT solutions, organisations’ investment in IT projects have increased tremendously in the past two decades. This is informed and triggered by the premise that IT will help yield solutions that will fulfill or exceed expectations, thereby making the organisation realise the required return on investment. Projects are a means to yield solutions through technological artefacts, such as infrastructure (networks included), applications, databases, or a combination of these artefacts. Technological artefacts are associated with foreseen or unforeseen risks. Hence, proper risk identification and management of IT projects is necessary to ensure that the organisation reaches the desired state. Unfortunately, risks are not easy to identify or manage. Using one case, the study employed actor network theory in the analysis of the data to understand the factors which manifest themselves into risks during the deployment of IT projects in the organisation.
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Sehlola, Petronnell, and Tiko Iyamu. "Assessment of Risk on Information Technology Projects Through Moments of Translation." International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation 4, no. 3 (July 2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jantti.2012070101.
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Many of the IT solutions in an organisation are employed through IT projects. Based on the reliance on IT solutions, organisations’ investment on IT projects has increased tremendously in the last two decades. This is informed and triggered by the premises that IT will help them to yield solutions that will fulfill or exceed their expectations, thereby make the organisation realise the required return on investment. Projects are a means to yield solutions through technological artefacts such as infrastructure (networks included), applications, databases or a combination of these. The technological artefacts do carries or are associated with foreseen or unforeseen risks. Hence proper risk identification and management on IT projects is necessitated to ensure that the organisation reaches its desire state. Unfortunately, risks are never easy to identify or manage. Using one case, the study employed actor-network theory in the analysis of the data to understand the factors which manifest themselves into risks during the deployment of IT projects in the organisation.
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Drugan, Joanna. "Complex collaborations." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 32, no. 2 (June 8, 2020): 307–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.20086.dru.
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Abstract Interpreting and translation are increasingly provided in the public sector via large-scale outsourced framework contracts (Moorkens 2017). In the UK, one of the largest recent framework agreements for interpreting and translation was introduced between 2016 and 2017 in critical contexts for justice, including the Home Office, the Ministry of Justice and the police. These agreements involve new types of collaboration between new partners and agents in the delivery of interpreting and translation, who each have different aims, expectations, standards and working methods. This contribution examines these emerging complex collaborations, and is the result of a rare type of complex collaboration between academic researchers, framework contract-holders and managers, interpreters and translators, language service providers, professional associations, and users of translation and interpreting services, within the Transnational Organised Crime and Translation (TOCAT) project. The article reports on original research conducted during the TOCAT project, and outlines and evaluates some novel, complex and ethically challenging ‘translaborations’ in police settings. The collaborations discussed are complex because of the range of parties and actors involved and because of the challenging content and settings in which the police rely on interpreting and translation. ‘Translaboration’ is used here to encompass multiple evolving collaborations between different providers and users of interpreting and translation, policy makers, trainers and researchers. Important questions of translation quality and ethics in the management of large-scale framework contexts for public service delivery are raised.
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Schaillée, Hebe, Ramón Spaaij, Ruth Jeanes, and Marc Theeboom. "Knowledge Translation Practices, Enablers, and Constraints: Bridging the Research–Practice Divide in Sport Management." Journal of Sport Management 33, no. 5 (September 1, 2019): 366–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2018-0175.
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Funding bodies seek to promote scientific research that has a social or economic impact beyond academia, including in sport management. Knowledge translation in sport management remains largely implicit and is yet to be fully understood. This study examines how knowledge translation in sport management can be conceptualized and fostered. The authors draw on a comparative analysis of coproduced research projects in Belgium and Australia to identify the strategic, cognitive, and logistic translation practices that researchers adopt, as well as enablers and constraints that affect knowledge translation. The findings show ways in which knowledge translation may be facilitated and supported, such as codesign, boundary spanning, adaptation of research products, and linkage and exchange activities. The findings reveal individual, organizational, and external constraints that need to be recognized and, where possible, managed.
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Vaezian, Helia, and Mahmoud Akbari. "Common risks in the translation industry." Journal of Internationalization and Localization 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jial.00012.vae.
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Abstract The present research aimed at identifying and categorizing the common risks in the operations of translation companies. It further investigated the maturity level of translation companies in terms of risk management and their attitudes toward the application of a comprehensive risk management framework into their activities. The study had two phases of qualitative and quantitative research. During the qualitative phase, a total of 400 translation projects were observed in four translation companies and further based on the results of the qualitative phase, three questionnaires were developed and sent to 226 translation companies around the world. The researchers identified 44 risk candidates in the operation of translation companies and statistically grouped them into six risk categories. The results further indicated that translation company managers hardly know what risk management is about, while they demonstrated a significant interest in the application of a risk management framework into their activities.
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Murdock, Karen A., and Claus J. Varnes. "Beyond effectuation." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 24, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 256–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-01-2017-0039.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that the entrepreneurial project ongoingly is transformed. Empirically, three defining junctions demonstrate the malleability of the entrepreneurial project in perpetual action, expanding beyond effectuation theory on what constitutes given means, affordable loss, and other key concepts from this theoretical perspective. Drawing upon actor-network theory (ANT), this study demonstrates how different framing and support devices implicate different human and non-human actors in changing interpositions within the entrepreneurial process. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a longitudinal case study design. The case provides an overview of a new business’s emergence based on three identified translations, each representing critical junctures in the business’s development. An ethnographic approach is selected, which combines observations with qualitative interviews. This design allows the authors to focus on how the project emerges and is continuously supported by allies but is sometimes not supported by various human and non-human actors. Findings This study demonstrates that the entrepreneurial project undertaken by the entrepreneurial network changes as new humans or non-humans become part of it. Including a resource in the network means simultaneously changing the network. This interactionism shows that what sparks interest or attracts resources to a business idea is not simply an influx of additional resources but is simultaneously a dynamic definition of the entrepreneurial endeavour. Originality/value This paper examines how ideas are transformed into business ventures by using the ANT to expand understanding from effectuation theory. This shows that means, for instance, are not given but are co-created by the process of translation. In addition, which losses are affordable can be determined by the process within which the entrepreneur frames the project and manages to associate allies within and into the network.
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Sakamoto, Akiko, and Masaru Yamada. "Social groups in machine translationpost-editing." Fair MT 9, no. 1 (August 17, 2020): 78–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.00022.sak.
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Abstract We analysed focus group interview data collected from 22 project managers (PMs) working in Japan, covering their experiences of machine translation post-editing (MTPE). A Social Construction of Technology analysis of how PMs describe different social groups in translation enabled us to examine the meanings those groups attach to MTPE, the intricate and complex power structures which exist between them, and the negotiations that take place in their day-to-day operations. The examination discovered that MTPE is still in a fluid and controversial state due to the difficulty of meeting all groups’ interests, which may lead to MTPE’s disappearance as a business model and the eventual dominance of conventional human translation and raw MT. We conclude that establishing ethical and sustainable translation workflows for all social groups will be vital for MTPE’s survival, which will require careful consideration of the complexity of these social groups and negotiations between them.
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Wiśniewski, Rafał, and Izabela Bukalska. "The Interactive Dimension of Creating Cultural Artifacts Using Agile Methodologies." Qualitative Sociology Review 16, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.16.4.12.
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The authors consider symbolic interactionism to be a suitable theoretical framework to analyze projects in creative sectors because it affords ample space for individual and collective creativity. Furthermore, teams working on different cultural artifacts establish a negotiated order (interactionist term coined by A. L. Strauss) among artists, managers, the audience, and sponsors, et cetera, by discussing and translating various meanings and perspectives. This is especially noticeable when projects are managed using an agile methodology. The application of agile methodologies in creative sectors is a relatively new idea, although it seems to be in harmony with the nature of artistic work. For instance, it implies the acceptance of unpredictability and flexibility while also recognizing the ability and individuality of project participants. There are also specific problems related to the personalities of the artists and the irregularities and discontinuities inherent in the process of creation. The first part of the article raises the topic of creativity in symbolic interactionism. This perspective is subsequently extended to teamwork in creative sectors employing the description of collective work in Howard Becker’s book entitled Art Worlds as an example. The authors reflect on other contemporary works explaining the cultural shift transpiring during the move from the analog age to the current digital age and its influence on the process of creation in the world of artists. This leads to a discussion of distributed agility, a concept stemming from agile management. The various agile methods are mentioned and shortly characterized; we also present a succinct depiction of historical perspective. The literature on the use of agile methods in creative sectors is referred to along with some of the challenges they face. The need to develop an agile management methodology specifically for creative industries is emphasized. This article utilizes the literature on symbolic interactionism to explain group dynamics by drawing analogies with agile management.
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Zheng, Jin Qin, Yong Min Mu, Zhi Hua Zhang, and Ya Nan Zhang. "Research on Automated Testing Process Model for UOF/OOXML Translator." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 1551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.1551.
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There are some issues in the manual test ofUOF/OOXML Translator, such as the low efficiency, difficult measurement of test case coverage and project delay. This paper brings about the automated testing process model based on the manualVmodel ofUOF/OOXML Translator, and proposes the implementation scheme of automated testing process through analyzing test case automatic generation, test case management, automatic contrast of function points and defects management. The experiments have shown that this model can effectively manage test cases and defects, and even replace manual testing partly. Besides, this model can improve testing efficiency and reduce test workload, preventing the defects occurring in the late project stage.
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Hessl, Amy, and Neil Pederson. "Hemlock Legacy Project (HeLP)." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 37, no. 1 (December 20, 2012): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133312469218.
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Eastern North American forests have effectively lost two major tree species (American chestnut and American elm) in the last 100 years and two more, eastern and Carolina hemlock, will be functionally extinct over much of their ranges within a couple of decades. The loss of eastern hemlock is of particular concern because hemlock is: (1) a foundation species; (2) one of the longest-lived tree species over much of temperate eastern North America; and (3) sensitive to climatic variation and ecosystem disturbance, making it an ideal species for the reconstruction of environmental history. Unlike American chestnut, we have a small window of opportunity to salvage environmental histories from hemlock before they are lost. In this progress report, we review the extensive body of science derived from this paleoenvironmental archive and urge scientists from eastern North America to sample and archive old-growth hemlock while living and dead material remain. Here we describe a community-based approach to salvaging paleoenvironmental archives that could serve as a model for collections from other foundation species currently threatened by exotic forests pests and pathogens (e.g. whitebark pine, ash). The approach supports Schlesinger’s (2010) call for ‘translational ecology’ by building connections between scientists, students, environmental NGOs, and land managers focused on old-growth forests.
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Gabetta, M., G. Milani, M. Bucalo, F. Mulas, A. Nuzzo, V. Favalli, E. Arbustini, R. Bellazzi, and C. Larizza. "Supporting Translational Research on Inherited Cardiomyopathies through Information Technology." Methods of Information in Medicine 52, no. 02 (2013): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me12-01-0046.
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SummaryObjectives: The INHERITANCE project, funded by the European Commission, is aimed at studying genetic or inherited Dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM) and at understanding the impact and management of the disease within families that suffer from heart conditions that are caused by DCMs. The biomedical informatics research activity of the project aims at implementing information technology solutions to support the project team in the different phases of their research, in particular in genes screening prioritization and new gene-disease association discovery.Methods: In order to manage the huge quantity of scientific, clinical and patient data generated by the project several advanced biomedical informatics tools have been developed. The paper describes a layer of software instruments to support translation of the results of the project in clinical practice as well as to support the scientific discovery process. This layer includes data warehousing, intelligent querying of the phenotype data, integrated search of biological data and knowledge repositories, text mining of the relevant literature, and case based reasoning.Results: At the moment, a set of 1,394 patients and 9,784 observations has been stored into the INHERITANCE data warehouse. The literature database contains more than 1,100,000 articles retrieved from the Pubmed and generically related to cardiac diseases, already analyzed for extracting medical concepts and genes.Conclusions: After two years of project the data warehouse has been completely set up and the text mining tools for automatic literature analysis have been implemented and tested. A first prototype of the decision support tool for knowledge discovery and gene prioritization is available, but a more complete release is still under development.
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Middleton, S., and W. Pfeilschifter. "International translation of Fever, Sugar, Swallow Protocols: The Quality in Acute Stroke Care Europe Project." International Journal of Stroke 15, no. 6 (April 16, 2020): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493020915130.
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The Quality in Acute Stroke (QASC) trial demonstrated a significant reduction in death and disability when clinicians were assisted to introduce protocols to manage fever, hyperglycaemia (sugar) and swallowing (FeSS) following stroke. We describe a unique international collaboration between the Nursing Research Institute at Australian Catholic University; the European Stroke Organisation; and the Angels Initiative, working collaboratively to support implementation of the nurse-led FeSS Protocols in 20 European countries. We currently have 71 hospitals from 16 countries participating (hospitals from four countries are in the preparation phase) with 49 hospitals currently entering data (n=2819 patients to-date). Baseline data have been received from 39 hospitals, with FeSS Protocol implementation commenced at 16 hospitals. Five hospitals have completed the Project. 'Upscale and spread' of these evidence-based, nursing protocols into countries with vastly different healthcare systems, many of whom also have no access to the latest stroke therapies, is likely to make a significant impact in reducing death and disability after stroke.
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Ohadike, Yvonne U., Floyd J. Malveaux, and Julie Kennedy Lesch. "Challenges and Lessons Learned From the Translation of Evidence-Based Childhood Asthma Interventions." Health Promotion Practice 12, no. 6_suppl_1 (November 2011): 91S—99S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839911414565.
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The Merck Childhood Asthma Network (MCAN) used evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for children with asthma to design community-based programs in a wide variety of settings—with varying resource constraints and priorities—that were often determined by the program context. Although challenges were faced, lessons learned strongly suggest that adapting and implementing EBIs is feasible in a variety of settings using a multisite approach. Lessons learned during the MCAN initiative presented unique opportunities to refine best practices that proved to be important to translation of EBIs in community-based settings. The adopted best practices were based on experiential learning during different phases of the project cycle, including monitoring and evaluation, translational research, and implementing policies in local program environments. Throughout this discussion it is important to note the importance of program context in determining the effectiveness of the interventions, opportunities to scale them, their affordability, and the ability to sustain them. Lessons learned from this effort will be important not only to advance science-based approaches to manage childhood asthma but also to assist in closing the gap between intervention development (discovery) and program dissemination and implementation (delivery).
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Sakamoto, Akiko, and Melanie Foedisch. "“No news is good news?”." Translation Spaces 6, no. 2 (December 4, 2017): 333–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.6.2.08sak.
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Abstract Professional translation is now predominantly carried out in virtual-team-style production networks where communication between language service providers (LSPs) and freelance translators’ practice is increasingly restricted to computerised methods. Although some literature deals with interactions between different participants in the translation production network, little attention has been paid to the ways in which they exchange feedback on translation products. Using observation and interview methods, this article examines how feedback is perceived and dealt with by freelance translators and LSPs’ project managers. Our results suggest that, although both groups share the value of feedback to some extent, feedback does not always reach translators and the translators are not always aware of the rationale behind it. By drawing on the Job Characteristics Model (JCM) (Hackman and Oldham 1980), which was developed in organisational psychology, we argue that incorporating feedback in the job constructs of freelance translators’ work may help to enhance translators’ motivation.
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Lecroq, T., and H. Dauchel. "Findings from the Section on Bioinformatics and Translational Informatics." Yearbook of Medical Informatics 25, no. 01 (August 2016): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1641612.
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Summary Objectives : To summarize excellent current research and propose a selection of best papers published in 2015 in the field of Bioinformatics and Translational Informatics with application in the health domain and clinical care. Method : We provide a synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2016, from which we attempt to derive a synthetic overview of current and future activities in the field. As last year, a first step of selection was performed by querying MEDLINE with a list of MeSH descriptors completed by a list of terms adapted to the section. Each section editor has evaluated separately the set of 1,566 articles and the evaluation results were merged for retaining 14 articles for peer-review. Results : The selection and evaluation process of this Yearbook's section on Bioinformatics and Translational Informatics yielded four excellent articles focusing this year on data management of large-scale datasets and genomic medicine that are mainly new method-based papers. Three articles explore the high potential of the re-analysis of previously collected data, here from The Cancer Genome Atlas project (TCGA) and one article presents an original analysis of genomic data from sub-Saharan Africa populations. Conclusions : The current research activities in Bioinformatics and Translational Informatics with application in the health domain continues to explore new algorithms and statistical models to manage and interpret large-scale genomic datasets. From population wide genome sequencing for cataloging genomic variants to the comprehension of functional impact on pathways and molecular interactions regarding a given pathology, making sense of large genomic data requires a necessary effort to address the issue of clinical translation for precise diagnostic and personalized medicine.
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Morales, Milagros. "Translation: Covid-19, new technologies, productivity and business' emergency plan." Telos Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales 23, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 764–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.36390/telos233.16.
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The Covid -19 outbreak caused great uncertainty in whole companies' sectors and levels. In general, companies have been forced to make changes and adjustments to adapt to new needs. This research aims to provide managers and business directors some tools to reduce risks in decision-making and minimize economic and health losses in employees. By implementing emergency plans, risk management, creating trust, and effective communication between the different organization levels and areas. The research is inserted in the critical theory paradigm, an epistemological approach, a qualitative methodological perspective, and an evaluation and action research method. The theoretical foundation is based on the thinking of Armand V. Feigenbaum as a precursor of Total Quality Management (TQM) and project management to mitigate risks and emergencies. Finally, a set of reflections, evaluations, and proposals are showed as a conclusion to facilitate decision-making and companies' adaptability in crisis environments.
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O’Brien, Sharon, and Alessandra Rossetti. "Neural machine translation and the evolution of the localisation sector." Journal of Internationalization and Localization 7, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2020): 95–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jial.20005.obr.
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Abstract The localisation sector is highly technologized and evolves rapidly. Though significant consideration has been given to third-level training in localisation for Translation Studies students, the nature of the industry is such that this topic demands regular attention. Our objective was to survey employees and executive managers to understand what impact recent technological developments, including but not limited to neural machine translation (NMT), might have on future skills and training requirements for localisation linguists. Our findings are that linguists in localisation take up a variety of roles, including transcreation, data mining, and project and vendor management. NMT is considered an important advancement, and its introduction has emphasised the need for a critical use of technology, while opening new career pathways, such as data curation and annotation. Domain specialisation is recommended for those who translate, and transferable soft skills are more essential than ever. Increased industry and interdisciplinary collaborations in training are also considered valuable.
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GOLOB, Nina. "Foreword." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 7, no. 2 (December 29, 2017): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.7.2.5-6.
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Yet another year has come to its end. It brought us some new ideas and we have spent several months in preparations to realize them.The greatest change is that we may be expecting the new ALA issue within a month, in January 2018 already. From the year to come, we will still be publishing two issues per year, with the winter issue published in January coming first. The second issue will be the summer issue, published in July. At this opportunity we would like to express our gratitude to all the authors in the ALA journal, and alongside send out our call for new articles. All the rest of the changes might only be noticed by our regular readers, while newcomers will hopefully find our e-journal competent, functional, and user friendly. This number of the ALA journal is mostly dedicated to the area of translation studies, however, also contains three interesting works on language. Wing Bo Anna TSO in her work “Repressed Sexual Modernity: A Case Study of Herbert Giles’ (1845 - 1935) Rendition of Pu Songling’s Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio (1880) in the Late Qing” attempts the literary-cultural approach and investigates the lost in translation. She focused on examining gender ideologies in the original and translated work to find out that transgressive gender views get strongly repressed in Giles’ English rendition.A similar thought, namely the importance of the cultural background of the text in translation is stressed in the article “Metaphor in Translation: Cognitive Perspectives on Omar Khayyam’s Poetry as Rendered into English and Kurdish”, written by Rahman VEISI HASAR and Ehsan PANAHBAR. As metaphors as cognitive phenomena can not be relegated to linguistic expression only, the research findings reveal that translators have mostly been successful in translating metaphors dependent on shared cultural models, however, have failed to recreate metaphors dependent on non-shared cultural models.Difficulties in translating metaphors were also experienced by Eva VUČKOVIČ and Byoung Yoong KANG, who in their article “Prevajanje Ko Unove poezije iz korejščine v slovenščino” address several major problems they have encountered when translating poetry from Korean into Slovene. The aricle is written in Slovene and is a pionieering work on translation studies from Korean into Slovene.Lija GANTAR wrote an article “Ancient Greek Legend in Modern Japanese Literature: ‘Run, Melos!’ by Dazai Osamu” in which she discusses how the Japanese author managed to retell a Western literature story in a way to succesfully make it a part of the Japanese literature. The following three articles refer to language. Sweta SINHA in her article “Fuzzy Logic Based Teaching/Learning of a Foreign Language in Multilingual Situations” managed to incorporate the concept of Fuzzy Logic (FL), which primarily gained momentum in the areas of artificial intelligence and allied researches, into a foreign language classroom. She describes language pedagogy as more real-like when observed through the lens of fuzzy logic and fuzzy thinking, and claims that in that way language interference is more of a resource than a challenge.Now already a sequential work on adjective distribution was contributed by LI Wenchao, who wrote the article “Revisit Adjective Distribution in Chinese”. In it the author re-classifies Chinese monosyllabic adjectives and verbs in light of ‘scale structure’ and examines how various adjectives are associated with different scalar layers of verbs. Finally, an interesting project report on the development of early Persian vocabulary in the process of first language acquisition was written by Hajar SHAHHOSEINI. The report is entitled “Investigation of Early Vocabulary Development of a Persian Speaking Child at Age 2 Years Old in Iran”.Editors and Editorial Board thank all the contributors to this volume, and wish the regular and new readers of the ALA journal a pleasant read full of inspiration.