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1
Smith, Kevin Gary. "Bible translation and relevance theory : the translation of Titus." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51636.
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Thesis (D.Litt.)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Relevance theory has seriously challenged the theoretical soundness of formal and
functional equivalence as Bible translation methods. In Translation and relevance: Cognition
and context, Gutt (1991) argued that relevance theory provides translators with the best
available framework for understanding and practicing translation. In his effort to provide a
comprehensive account of translation, he proposed two new approaches to translation: direct
translation and indirect translation. He did not, however, develop direct and indirect
translation into well-defined approaches to translation.
This study explores the viability of direct and indirect translation as approaches to Bible
translation. First, by applying insights drawn from relevance theory, it spells out the
theoretical and practical implications of these approaches in an attempt to develop them into
well-defined translation methods. The explication of the two new approaches shows how and
why relevance theoretic approaches to translation differ from formal and functional
equivalence. In addition to describing the general approach of direct and indirect translation, it
also demonstrates how each approach handles specific translation issues such as figurative
language, implicit information, ambiguity, and gender-biased language.
Then, by using them to translate the epistle to Titus, the study tests the practical
effectiveness of each new approach. This lengthy application yields many examples of how
relevance theory provides translators with valuable guidance for making difficult translation
decisions. It emphasises the need for translators to take measures to bridge the contextual gap
between the source context and the receptor context, illustrating how this can be done by
providing footnotes in a direct translation or by explicating implicit information in an indirect
translation.
The study closes with a brief assessment of the two new approaches and some
suggestions for further research. The conclusions show both the value and the limitations of
the results of this study.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Relevansieteorie bevraagteken ernstig die teoretiese basis van formele en funksionele
ekwivalensie as metodes van Bybelvertaling. Gutt (1991) het in Translation and relevance:
Cognition and context geargumenteer dat relevansieteorie vertalers voorsien van die beste
beskikbare raamwerk vir die verstaan en beoefening van vertaling. In sy poging om 'n
omvattende beskrywing van vertaling daar te stel, het hy twee nuwe benaderings voorgestel:
direkte vertaling en indirekte vertaling. Hy het egter nie direkte en indirekte vertaling
ontwikkel tot goed gedefinieerde benaderings tot vertaling nie.
Hierdie studie ondersoek die lewensvatbaarheid van direkte en indirekte vertaling as
benaderings tot Bybelvertaling. Eerstens word aan die hand van insigte ontleen aan
relevansieteorie die teoretiese en praktiese implikasies van hierdie benaderings verken met die
doel om dit te ontwikkel tot goed gedefineerde metodes van vertaling. Die uiteensetting van
hierdie twee nuwe benaderings toon hoe en waarom relevansieteoretiese benaderings tot
vertaling verskil van formele en funksionele ekwivalensie. Benewens 'n beskrywing van die
algemene benadering van direkte en indirekte vertaling, demonstreer die uiteensetting hoe
elke benadering spesifieke aangeleenthede soos beeldspraak, implisiete inligting,
dubbelsinnigheid en gender-bevooroordeelde taal, in vertaalpraktyk hanteer.
Vervolgens stel die ondersoek die praktiese effektiwiteit van elke nuwe benadering op
die proef deur dit te gebruik om die brief aan Titus te vertaal. Hierdie omvangryke toepassing
lewer verskeie voorbeelde waar relevansieteorie vertalers van waardevolle riglyne voorsien
om moeilike besluite oor vertaling te maak. Dit benadruk die noodsaaklikheid vir vertalers om
spesiale maatreels te tref om die kontekstuele gaping te oorbrug tussen die bronkonteks en die
reseptorkonteks, en word geillustreer deur in 'n direkte vertaling voetnotas te gebruik en deur
in 'n indirekte vertaling implisiete inligting eksplisiet te maak.
Die ondersoek word afgesluit met 'n kort evaluering van die twee benaderings en met
enkele voorstelle vir verdere navorsing. Die gevolgtrekking toon beide die waarde en die
beperkings van die resultate van hierdie ondersoek.
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Conocimiento, Dirección de Gestión del. "Perspectives: Studies in Translation Theory and Practice." Taylor & Francis Group, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655374.
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Moros, Edgar Andrés. "Challenging traditional notions of theory and practice in translator training and in the history of translation studies two exemplary cases /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Virkkala, Nina, and Susanna Myllyvainio. "Corporate Social Responsibility: : a concept under translation in China." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Business, Economics, Statistics and Informatics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1045.
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<p>The starting point of this thesis is the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China. CSR can certainly not solve all of the social and environmental problems, but we believe that it can play a part, which is why we find it interesting to study the status quo of the concept in China. The research question of the thesis is “How is CSR depicted in China?”. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe Chinese views of CSR and analyze the differences between these views and CSR, as it is commonly understood in the West, in order to contribute to a better understanding of the CSR concept in China. We spent ten weeks in China conducting a qualitative case study. We interviewed companies, academics and governmental and non-governmental organisations, within the CSR area in China. Our material was then categorised into five views of CSR, where CSR is depicted as:</p><p>- CSR as labour law compliance</p><p>- CSR as law enforcement</p><p>- CSR as codes of conduct compliance</p><p>- CSR as a PR exercise</p><p>- CSR with Chinese characteristics</p><p>In addition to describe these views, we set out to analyze the differences between these views, and CSR as understood in the West. When analyzing the views we have mainly departed from CSR theory and translation theory. The main differences can be seen when it comes to the, from a Western point of view, limited scope of corporate responsibility, the lack of stakeholder dialogue, the lack of consideration for environmental issues, and in the concept of a harmonious society, which is not a part of CSR in the West. CSR with Chinese characteristics still seems to be an aspiration they are striving for, while the other four views rather are different aspects of the problems related to CSR in China at present. Our views are examples of how CSR has been translated in China, but none of them seems to be a suitable option for the further development of the concept. Put together, these views give a quite negative image of CSR in China, and it comes forth as rather ineffective. If the concept is going to have any impact on the social and environmental problems in China there is a need for further research. The development of the concept needs to be in accordance with the realities of the Chinese society, addressing the problems in the society as well as the problems with the concept.</p>
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Bullock, Mercedes. "Translating “Lunokhod”: Textual Order, Chaos and Relevance Theory." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40981.
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This thesis examines the concepts of textual order and chaos, and how Relevance Theory can be used to translate texts that do not adhere to conventional textual practices. Relevance Theory operates on the basis of presumed order in communication. Applying it to disordered communicative acts provides an opportunity and vocabulary to describe how communication can break down, and the consequences this can have for translation. This breakdown of order, which I am terming a ‘chaos principle’, will be examined through the lens of a Russian-language short story called “Lunokhod”, a story in which textual order, as described by Relevance Theory, breaks down.
In this thesis, I first lay out several translation challenges presented by my corpus, discuss each with reference to Relevance Theory, and examine the implications for translation through sample translation segments. This deconstruction section argues that conventional translation methods fail to properly address the challenges of my corpus. Next comes a reconstruction section, in which I develop a theoretical framework for my translation that has roots in Relevance Theory but that frees the translation from the constraints imposed by an ordered view of communication. Finally, I present the translation itself.
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Nunes, Jennifer Marie. "“Afternoon, a Fall”: Relationality, Accountability, and Failure as a Queer-Feminist Approach to Translating the Poetry of Yu Xiuhua." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1494231761761609.
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Tanasescu, Raluca Andreia. "Translation and Chaos: Poetry Translators' Agency in a Non-Hegemonic Network. A Digital Humanities Approach." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38428.
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This project examines the role played by chaos in shaping and defining the translation activity in a non-hegemonic context, with a focus on literary translation. Based on English-language U.S. and Canadian contemporary poetry translation into Romanian between 1960 and 2017, it challenges the ‘major’ vs. ‘minor’ dichotomy and moves to show that a transnational framework and a networked understanding of translator agency are much better suited to account for the complexity of a translation sociography. Acknowledging a necessary shift that draws on an economy of attention more than on an economy of production (Cronin 2016), as well as on Michael Cronin’s politics of microspection and on Kobus Marais’ paradigm of complexity (2014), my work takes distance from the Bourdieusian dynamics of power that has prevailed in translation studies since the late 1990s and favors a network approach that accounts for disruption, decentralization, and voids. This dissertation seeks to acknowledge the role played by chance, chaos, and self-regulation in shaping the activity of literary translation through the deployment of a mathematical model that has been at the core of Web 2.0 since its very inception. In doing so, my research sets out to complement Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network-Theory with the mathematical notions of network and network of networks. I endeavor to explore the webs of connectivity as they appear in real-life contemporary poetry translator networks with the purpose of potentially laying the groundwork for a possible redefinition of translation across society and media of circulation. Translation can be conceived, I propose, as an act that is essentially, simultaneously and irreducibly linguistic, cultural, and social, but also individual and collective, material and virtual, online and offline. Under these circumstances, I conclude that a critical re-examination of translation studies in micromodernity through a Digital Humanities lens becomes necessary, if not imperative.
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Foedisch, Melanie. "Managing translation projects : practices and quality in production networks." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/managing-translation-projects-practices-and-quality-in-production-networks(b6de2976-ab87-434c-8c36-0e09efbf2de0).html.
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Over the past two decades, translation workplaces have been substantially transformed by technological developments (Drugan 2013; Risku et al. 2013), and by the emergence of production networks in which a language service provider (LSP) acts as an intermediary between translator and client (Abdallah and Koskinen 2007; Abdallah 2012). However, there is little research into how technologies are integrated in the various translation workplaces found in production networks. My research aims at enhancing our understanding of translation project management and translation quality in production networks by conceptualising project management as a practice (Shove et al. 2012). For this empirical study, a data set was collected based on 60 hours of workplace observations within a UK-based LSP and 10 semi-structured interviews with four project managers (PMs) and one vendor manager (VM). Drawing on concepts from practice theory, the study analyses routinised enactments of the practice by PMs, their integration of information technologies into such enactments, their understanding of translation quality, and their strategies to achieve quality in the translation production process. I propose that the practice of translation project management is deeply embedded into a larger complex of interdependent translation production practices. A practice-theoretical framework emphasises the socio-material and collective nature of the practice. My study demonstrates that project management is a joint effort between PMs and other actors in translation production. Based on an analysis of how PMs use CAT tools and an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system when they are managing translation projects, I argue that technologies are inextricably linked with enactments of production practices, and that they form part of the social structures surrounding the practice. The application of practice theory affords a new understanding of skills, or competence, in which the engagement in professional activities is vital, and in which building competence is an ongoing process. Finally, I suggest that buyers of translation products, i.e. clients, substantially contribute to translation quality, as PMs carry out project management based on the notion of translation as a service.
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Thiele, Ulrich. "Uebersetzungsentscheidungen im kulturellen Kontext: Drei deutsche Uebersetzungen von J.D. Salingers Catcher in the Rye." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2826.
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This master's thesis examines the three German translations of J. D. Salinger's novel <em>The Catcher in the Rye</em> (1951): <em>Der Mann im Roggen</em>, published in 1954 by Diana Verlag and translated by Irene Muehlon; <em>Der Fänger im Roggen</em>, published in 1962 and translated by Annemarie and Heinrich Böll, and <em>Der Fänger im Roggen</em>, published in 2003 and translated by Eike Schönfeld (both published by Kiepenheuer & Witsch). In recourse to polysystem theory, it is shown how translational differences can be explained through the translations' cultural and literary contexts. <br /><br /> First, polysystem theory's most important terms are explained in regard to the research objectives. In doing so, the existing research on German translations of Salinger is summarized. Second, with the help of an analysis by Irene Hinrichsen, the latest translation is compared to its predecessors in regard to language and stylistics. This analysis demonstrates that, unlike the earlier translations, Schönfeld's version retains nearly all of the American original's stylistic particularities and extreme content. <br /><br /> Then, building on the result of the linguistic-stylistic analysis, the societal and literary contexts of the three translations are summarized in order to find possible explanations for the translational differences. It becomes clear that the alleviative tendencies of the two earlier translations are very much in tune with the cautious approach to morality of the West Germany of the 1950s. In contrast, the latest translation was produced in a liberal, youthful environment that reflects a more tolerant German society. Therefore, it makes sense to trace the differences between the three translations back to their differing contexts.
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Perez, Richard. "The Canadian C-Spine Rule and CT-Head Rule Implementation Studies: A Psychological Process Evaluation." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19814.
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The Canadian C-Spine (CS) and CT-Head (CT) Rules are tools aimed at improving the accuracy and efficiency of radiography use in emergency departments. This study evaluated whether the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) could explain the inconsistent results from implementation studies of these two rules at 12 Canadian hospitals, where the same intervention resulted in a significant reduction in CS radiography but not CT radiography. It was demonstrated that the TPB model’s proposed relationships between constructs and behaviour could explain the ordering of CS but not CT radiography. However, after examining longitudinal changes of the TPB constructs, it was clear that these changes could not explain the changes in CS radiography ordering. Overall, TPB is unlikely to suggest important ways by which to improve radiography use, for CT because its constructs are not related to radiography ordering, and for CS because of high baseline levels of intention to clinically clear.
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Banerjee, Rita. "The New Voyager: Theory and Practice of South Asian Literary Modernisms." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11044.
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My dissertation, The New Voyager: Theory and Practice of South Asian Literary Modernisms, investigates how literary modernisms in Bengali, Hindi, and Indian English functioned as much as a turning away and remixing of earlier literary traditions as a journey of engagement between the individual writer and his or her response to and attempts to re-create the modern world. This thesis explores how theories and practices of literary modernism developed in Bengali, Hindi, and Indian English in the early to mid-20th century, and explores the representations and debates surrounding literary modernisms in journals such as Kallol, Kavita, and Krittibas in Bengali, the Nayi Kavita journal and the Tar Saptak group in Hindi, and the Writers Workshop group in English. Theories of modernism and translation as proposed by South Asian literary critics such as Dipti Tripathi, Acharya Nand Dulare Bajpai, Buddhadeva Bose, and Bhola Nath Tiwari are contrasted to the manifestos of modernism found in journals such as Krittibas and against Agyeya's defense of experimentalism (prayogvad) from the Tar Saptak anthology. The dissertation then goes on to discuss how literary modernisms in South Asia occupied a vital space between local and global traditions, formal and canonical concerns, and between social engagement and individual expression. In doing so, this thesis notes how the study of modernist practices and theory in Bengali, Hindi, and English provides insight into the pluralistic, multi-dimensional, and ever-evolving cultural sphere of modern South Asia beyond the suppositions of postcolonial binaries and monolingual paradigms.
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LoFaro, Elisabeth. "A new understanding of sophistic rhetoric : a translation, with commentary, of Mario Untersteiner's "Le origini sociali della sofistica"." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003257.
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Winter, Anja, and Anne Bartens. "Translating Sustainability : Sustainable Public Procurement Practices in Swedish and German Public Organizations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227775.
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The idea of sustainability is widespread, but it often remains unclear how the idea travelled and how it is translated into practice. In this thesis it is analysed how public organizations translate sustainability into action through Sustainable Public Procurement (SPP). First, an overview of translation theory and previous research on SPP is given. Basing on an empirical analysis, two cases of public organizations in Sweden and Germany that integrated SPP in their strategies are described and analysed. It is revealed that translation theory applies to the two cases and that the theory is useful to explain how the concept of sustainability is acted upon. Characteristics of processes of translation can be observed in both cases, indicating that the translation of the same idea can result in different practices and outcomes. It is found that although both public organizations use the same term, the way SPP is implemented and practiced differs highly. The thesis includes reflections on this different outcome and considers the importance of local contexts and actors.
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Boberg, Per. "Translating Political Text : Cultural and Stylistic Aspects of Translating the American Republican Party's 2004 Political Platform." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2375.
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<p>The present paper discusses the cultural and stylistic issues in the translation of a part of the 2004 Republican Party Platform. Political text in American English and Swedish is in focus, and translation examples are accounted for and categorised according to Vinay & Darbelnet’s (1995) system theory of translation procedures. The conclusion is that cultural issues caused fewer problems than stylistic ones when the Republican Party Platform 2004 was translated.</p>
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Hemming, Haley S. "Lost in Translation: Social Determinants of Student Reception to the Transgender Community and Related Policy Support." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1493899075093699.
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Carlander, Minea, and Karin Lonaeus. "Legitimitet genom CSR? : - En studie av SEB:s hållbarhetsstrategier." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-202610.
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Sammandrag Denna studie behandlar Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) inom den svenska banksektorn, en sektor där ansvarsfrågor traditionellt inte uppmärksammats då banker inte ansetts ha stor inverkan på samhälls- och miljöproblem. Företag generellt förväntas idag aktivt arbeta med CSR-frågor, dock förekommer en strategi att kommunicera CSR istället för att agera, i syfte att stärka legitimiteten i varumärket. Studien belyser frågor kring CSR inom banksektorn, då det idag finns indikationer på att även banker måste arbeta med frågorna. Studien undersöker varför SEB, en av Sveriges storbanker, arbetar med CSR, hur de anpassar CSR till sin unika verksamhet och hur de väljer att kommunicera arbetet i syfte att skapa sig förtroende och legitimitet gentemot omvärlden. För att undersöka detta har en kvalitativ fallstudie genomförts, med intervjuer på SEB och Svenska Bankföreningen. De slutsatser som dras av studien är att det idag finns tendenser som visar att CSR blivit en institutionaliserad norm inom bankväsendet. SEB strävar efter att integrera hållbarhetsarbetet i sin kärnverksamhet för att uppnå långsiktighet. Resultaten visar även att SEB kommunicerar sitt hållbarhetsarbete med försiktighet. Samtidigt rapporterar hållbarhetsteamet till kommunikationschefen, något som tyder på att frågan är viktig ur ett kommunikations- och imageperspektiv.<br>Abstract Purpose: This study aims at analyzing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the financial sector. CSR has been under debate and companies are expected to manage their businesses responsibly. Companies’ tendency to communicate about, but not act in these questions have been discussed and criticized. Companies often see CSR as a communicational issue and as a strategy to build a legitimate brand. The financial sector has not been subject for these kinds of discussions since they are not considered to have a great impact on societal issues, especially not environmental issues. Therefore, this study aims at shedding new light on CSR-issues in the financial sector, since today there are indications that also banks should pay attention to these questions. By studying one of Sweden’s four major banks, SEB, the authors examine why SEB works with CSR, how they translate CSR to fit their unique business, and how they communicate their CSR-commitments to gain trust and legitimacy. Method: To examine this, a qualitative case study has been made, and a semi-structured interview method has been used to collect material. This method has been supplemented with secondary material like annual reports and other. Results: In conclusion, the authors see proof that CSR has been institutionalized within the banking sector. SEB has put much emphasis on integrating their sustainability commitments into their core business, both by integrating responsibility aspects into the daily activities, and by developing concrete projects with responsibility profiles. This is done to create a long-term sustainable platform on which SEB:s business can grow. The results also show that SEB communicate their sustainability commitments with caution. However, the sustainability team reports to the chief of communications, which suggests that this question is of importance from a communications- and brand image perspective. Their strategy to “act first, talk after”, is a strategy that can be successful from a legitimacy point of view.
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Moreira, Marcelo Victor de Souza. "Estudos funcionais da tradução: rupturas e continuidades." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8144/tde-27062014-111155/.
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O tema desta dissertação é o Funcionalismo, uma abordagem teórica dos Estudos da Tradução que tem em Hans J. Vermeer seu fundador e principal teorizador. Partimos de duas hipóteses de trabalho: por um lado, pressupomos que, a despeito dos relatos historiográficos que enfatizam, com razão, o seu caráter revolucionário, a teoria tenha dado continuidade a importantes princípios de teorias de tradução precedentes. Por outro lado, somos da opinião de que o alicerce teórico tenha sido construído ao longo da década de 1980. Os textos publicados no âmbito da Teoria Funcional de Tradução após esse período consistiriam, assim, na aplicação desses fundamentos teóricos a diversas ramificações da atividade de tradução. Com base nos textos de Reiss e Vermeer (1984), Holz-Mänttäri (1984) e Nord (1988), examinamos o processo de gênese da teoria e seu desenvolvimento ao longo nos anos de 1980, a partir do elenco de seus principais conceitos, com o objetivo de, por um lado, identificar rupturas e continuidades em relação a teorias antecessoras e, por outro, promover uma leitura crítica de textos funcionalistas, pautada em parâmetros bem definidos. Desse modo, adotamos para o presente estudo uma metodologia baseada em quatro etapas. Primeiramente, delimitamos o escopo do trabalho (período e hipóteses), na medida em que foi definido o corpus de análise principal. Posteriormente, descrevemos o contexto histórico, institucional e intelectual de emergência da Teoria Funcional, tendo-nos pautado primeiramente por relatos de testemunhos e crônicas desse tempo, advindos de fontes primárias e secundárias e, em seguida, com vistas à identificação, segundo parâmetros específicos, de conceitos caros a essas propostas, pela análise de textos teóricos anteriores à publicação dos componentes do corpus principal. Numa terceira etapa, lemos e analisamos as obras do corpus principal segundo os mesmos parâmetros utilizados para a análise dos predecessores teóricos, o que nos levou a um mapeamento do desenvolvimento dos conceitos- chave funcionalistas. Finalmente, contrastamos os conceitos funcionalistas e os conceitos defendidos por seus predecessores, o que nos permitiu identificar, com o uso de noções defendidas pela historiografia das ciências para a interpretação dos resultados, rupturas e continuidades entre as duas vertentes. Esse processo nos levou à constatação de que, no plano teórico, as mudanças trazidas pelo Funcionalismo estão, por um lado, em conformidade com o clima intelectual dos estudos sobre a tradução em curso naquele momento e, por outro lado, seguem uma tendência observável no desenvolvimento das próprias teorias pré-funcionalistas de tradução. Ainda assim, constatamos que a vertente teórica trouxe inestimável contribuição no sentido de redefinir o lugar da tradução na Alemanha. A principal ruptura provocada pelo Funcionalismo, fomos levados a concluir, teria sido num plano que não o teórico, qual seja, a constituição de uma disciplina dedicada à tradução na Alemanha Ocidental. Quanto ao desenvolvimento da Teoria Funcional em si, vimos confirmada a hipótese inicial de que ela estabeleceu suas bases ao longo dos anos 1980. O fato de Nord, membro da assim chamada Segunda Geração Funcionalista, utilizar-se especialmente do quadro teórico formulado por Vermeer e Holz-Mänttäri, fazendo por ajustar a retórica funcionalista a uma retórica menos revolucionária, é sinal de que chegara ao fim o momento de revolução, com a abordagem adentrando um estágio de ciência normal.<br>The topic of this thesis is Functionalism, a theoretical approach to Translation Studies which was founded by Hans J. Vermeer, its main theorist. We take two hypotheses as our starting point: on the one hand, we assume that, despite the historiographic studies that rightly emphasize the theorys revolutionary character, it remained in continuity with important theoretical principles of preceding theories. On the other hand, it is our opinion that the theoretical foundation of Functional Translation Studies was established during the 1980s. The essays published in the context of Functional Theory afterward, therefore, would focus on the application of these theoretical principles to the practice of translation in many areas. With reference to the works of Reiss and Vermeer (1984), Holz-Mänttäri (1984) and Nord (1988), we examine the process of the theorys formation and its developments during the 1980s, first determining its main concepts, aiming, on the one hand, to identify departures and continuities between this and prior theories; and, on the other hand, to promote a critical review of functionalistic texts, guided by well defined parameters. Thereby, we adopted a methodology for this study consisting of four stages: first, we established the scope of this study (period and hypothesis), by defining the body of functional theoretical essays to be analysed. Then, we described the historical, institutional and intellectual context in which the emergence of the functional approach took place. In doing so, we were guided firstly by narratives and testimonies of that time, gathered from primary and secondary sources, and also by the analysis of theoretical texts which came prior to the publication of the components of our main corpus, which involved the identification of concepts valuable to this theoretical proposition according to specific parameters. Later on, we read the components of our main body of theoretical texts, and analysed them according to the parameters laid out in the previous stage, thus mapping out the development of the key concepts of Functional Theory. Lastly, we contrasted functionalist concepts with those of the theorys predecessors and, as a result, we identified departures and continuities between both approaches, making use of premises from scientific historiography in order to interpret the results. We found that, in regards to the theoretical field, the changes brought about with Functionalism were, on the one hand, consistent with the intellectual climate of Translation Studies at that time; yet, on the other hand, functional theories followed an observable trend of the further development of the pre-functionalist translation theories. Furthermore, we established that the functional approach provided an invaluable contribution in redefining the place of translation theories in Germany. The most significant change brought about by the functional theory, according to our conclusions, took place outside the theoretical field: the emergence of a new discipline dedicated to translation studies in West Germany. Concerning the development of Functional Theory itself, we came to the conclusion that it, in fact, established its foundations during the 1980s, as we predicted. The fact that Nord, a member of the so-called second generation of functionalists among scholars, made use of the theoretical framework laid out especially by Vermeer and Holz-Mänttäri, yet adjusted the functionalist rhetoric to a less revolutionary one, is a sign that the first revolutionary phase was over, and that the approach was entering a new normal science stage.
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Ilisei, Iustina-Narcisa. "A machine learning approach to the identification of translational language : an inquiry into translationese learning models." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/299371.
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In the world of Descriptive Translation Studies, translationese refers to the specific traits that characterise the language used in translations. While translationese has been often investigated to illustrate that translational language is different from non-translational language, scholars have also proposed a set of hypotheses which may characterise such di erences. In the quest for the validation of these hypotheses, embracing corpus-based techniques had a well-known impact in the domain, leading to several advances in the past twenty years. Despite extensive research, however, there are no universally recognised characteristics of translational language, nor universally recognised patterns likely to occur within translational language. This thesis addresses these issues, with a less used approach in the eld of Descriptive Translation Studies, by investigating the nature of translational language from a machine learning perspective. While the main focus is on analysing translationese, this thesis investigates two related sub-hypotheses: simplication and explicitation. To this end, a multilingual learning framework is designed and implemented for the identification of translational language. The framework is modelled as a categorisation task, the learning techniques having the major goal to automatically learn to distinguish between translated and non-translated texts. The second and third major goals of this research are the retrieval of the recurring patterns that are revealed in the process of solving the task of categorisation, as well as the ranking of the most in uential characteristics used to accomplish the learning task. These aims are ful lled by implementing a system that adopts the machine learning methodology proposed in this research. The learning framework proves to be an adaptable multilingual framework for the investigation of the nature of translational language, its adaptability being illustrated in this thesis by applying it to the investigation of two languages: Spanish and Romanian. In this thesis, di erent research scenarios and learning models are experimented with in order to assess to what extent translated texts can be diff erentiated from non-translated texts in certain contexts. The findings show that machine learning algorithms, aggregating a large set of potentially discriminative characteristics for translational language, are able to diff erentiate translated texts from non-translated ones with high scores. The evaluation experiments report performance values such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F-measure on two datasets. The present research is situated at the con uence of three areas, more precisely: Descriptive Translation Studies, Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing, justifying the need to combine these elds for the investigation of translationese and translational hypotheses.
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Wiest, Jessica Caroline Alder. "Alexander Korda and his "Foreignized Translation" of The Thief of Bagdad (1940)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2545.
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Adaptation studies has recently turned an eye towards translation theory for valuable discussion on the role of movie makers as translators. Such discussion notes the difficulties inherent in adapting a medium such as a book, a play, or even a theme park ride into film. These difficulties have interesting parallels to the translation of one language into another. Translation theory, in fact, can shed important light on the adaptation process. Intrinsic to translation theory is the dichotomy between domesticating translation and foreignizing translation, the two major styles of translation. Translation scholar Lawrence Venuti, the author of these two terms, argues that while the former is an "ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to receiving cultural values, bringing the author back home," the latter is "an ethnodeviant pressure on those values to register the linguistic and cultural differences of the foreign text, sending the reader abroad" (15). Venuti suggests that foreignizing translations, ones that maintain distinct cultural difference within the translated target text, are more desirable and ultimately commit less violence on the source text and language. This paper analyzes the 1940 film The Thief of Bagdad, a British remake of a 1924 Hollywood film by the same name, for its elements of foreignizing translation. Producer Alexander Korda, acting as a kind of translator, made this film during the height of the British national film movement. Supported by this movement, and inspired by his own personal vendetta against Hollywood, Korda took an American blockbuster and re-vised it with distinctly British thematic elements. Because his ultimate audience was an American one, however, I argue that his film took an American source text, The Thief of Bagdad (1924), and foreignized it, hoping, in the process, to establish British cinema as a major player in the international film world.
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Danheden, Robert. "Into the Cosmos : A Translation Study of Astronomical Proportions Focusing on Terminology, Additions and Omissions." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2438.
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<p>The intention of this essay is to illustrate and describe various means to overcome some of the difficulties that any translator dealing with technical translations at some point or another would come upon – presented in a qualitative analysis. The text under analysis is a chapter called Into the Cosmos and is part of the book Planet Quest – The Epic Discovery of Alien Solar Systems by the American astronomer Ken Croswell. The analysis specifically focuses on terminology and two aspects that usually are part of the cultural adaptation of a text; namely additions and omissions. However, in this essay they help adapting the text towards a new target audience not so much because of culture, but rather because of my decision to fully disconnect the text from the context in which it previously functioned. And because of this, the target text was in the end given more of an educational character compared to the source text.</p>
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AlGhamdi, Abdullah A. "Ideological Shifts in Newspaper Translations in the Arab Gulf Region." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1564503071229478.
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Stålhand, Henrik, and Matin Davoodi. "Den första digitala medarbetaren : En Actor-Network Theory-studie i en omsorgsförvaltning." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-95685.
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Det har visat sig att det finns en viss oro för vad den ökade robotiseringen kommer att innebära, samtidigt som robotiseringens utsträckning skiljer sig mellan branscher. Denna ANT-studie behandlar införandet av en robot i en omsorgsförvaltning. Av detta följer att verksamheten genomgår någon form av förändring, varefter vi ämnat skapa en förståelse för de okända konsekvenser som följer. Studien har även sin utgångspunkt i HRI och antropomorfisering, som givit perspektiv på olika former av aktörskap och deras interaktioner. Studien är till sin natur kvalitativ och har präglats av en abduktiv arbetsprocess, samtidigt som ANT-perspektivet även har haft implikationer på det ontologiska och epistemologiska ställningstagandet. Det empiriska materialet presenteras i form av ett narrativ uppdelat i tre episoder som är berättat av roboten Matilda. Det har visat sig att Matilda har varit en central materialitet för de associeringar som sammanför aktörerna i nätverket, men att hennes införande även medfört nätverkseffekter. Vi kan med säkerhet påstå att effekterna är dynamiska och att de först blir framträdande med tiden. Detta ger ett cirkulärt samband, där idéer förändras och avlöser varandra.<br>It has been shown that there is some concern about what the increased robotization will mean, while the extent of robotization differs between industries. This ANT study deals with the introduction of a robot into a Public Care Department. This is followed by the notion that the organization will undergo some kind of change, after which we intend to create an understanding of the unknown consequences that follow. The study also has its outset in HRI and anthropomorphism, which have given perspectives on different forms of actors and their interactions. The study is by nature qualitative and has been characterized by an abductive work process, while the ANT perspective has also had implications for the ontological and epistemological positions. The empirical material is presented in the form of a narrative, divided into three episodes told by Matilda the robot. It appears that Matilda has been a central materiality for the associations that connect the actors in the network, but that her introduction also has brought network effects. We can say with certainty that the effects are dynamic and that they only become prominent over time. This provides a circular relationship, where ideas change and replace each other.
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Sadek, Gaafar. "Translation: Rights and Agency - A Public Policy Perspective for Knowledge, Technology and Globalization." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37362.
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Copyright law relegates translation to a secondary, or derivative, status, which means that publishing a translation requires the permission of the rights holder of the original. This thesis argues for the timeliness of revisiting the translation right by analyzing its foundations and its implications from a transdisciplinary public policy perspective. This is done by first studying the historical and philosophical foundations of copyright law itself where the translation right is housed, revealing questionable philosophical arguments and a colonial past that has created legal path dependencies.
The thesis then undertakes an examination of the foundations of the translation right specifically, dubbed “the international issue par excellence,” which confirms the same pattern observed in the development of copyright law. Given the complete absence of the translator’s perspective from all international discussions on the translation right, copyright’s view of translation is then contrasted with recent scholarship in translation theory, with a special focus on the notion of agency(-ies), exposing the incompatibility of these views on translation, and highlighting the importance of including the perspective of translation studies in policies and laws related to translation.
The last part of the thesis explores the present-day realities of knowledge societies, digital technologies, and globalization, in order to identify the role of translation today and in the future, while highlighting the tremendous gaps between the have’s and the have-not’s, and the necessity of recognizing the specificities of different societies. Knowledge is the new capital of the world, and the translation right is an impediment to the key role translation can potentially play in allowing societies to participate in the cycle of its consumption and regeneration. Digital technologies are powerful enablers that have allowed those who have leveraged and embraced them, such as the open movement and prosumers of all types, to transform the nature of their interactions with their environment macro- and microstructurally. This has also been reflected in the profession of translation, where collaborative projects are constantly initiated, while the nature of the translator’s work is changing to the point where one seriously doubts whether the provisions of the century-old translation right still apply to it. The discussion on globalization focuses on language in a globalized world, power relations between linguistic communities, and means of preserving linguistic diversity and heritage.
The translation right, with its questionable foundations and outdated nature, is an impediment to the potential role of translation (as representative of the public interest) in the world, and must be revisited and at least reduced to the point of constituting balanced public policy. Social development, power relations and the necessity of differentiation (or “otherness”) are running themes throughout the work, which tries to balance between theoretical discussions from various relevant disciplines and reliance on United Nations and other public policy research.
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Parmbäck, Helene. "Transhumances, troilles et trinqueballes : Une approche fonctionnaliste de la traduction de termes liés au milieu montagnard français." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65950.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the author’s Swedish translation of French specific terms linked to a particular theme: mountain life in old time France. Which translation techniques are used, and how can these be related to the target text’s function? This is done from a functionalist point of view, where Reiss and Vermeer’s skopos theory and Nord’s translation brief model provide a theoretical base. This approach is used in combination with terminological concepts and Vinay and Darbelnet’s different translation techniques. These are slightly modified to accommodate for other elements, such as the voluntary omission of a term. The source text is a chapter from a book on the Hautes-Alpes, translated for the Swedish Alpine Club’s imaginary jubilee book on mountain life around the world. A total of 98 different terms are identified and classified into three groups according to their characteristics: special terms, local terms and general terms. The approach is mainly a qualitative one, analyzing a selection of terms. Some quantitative data is presented as a reference point for the analysis. The results suggest that the definition of a skopos does not provide any clear indications regarding the translation technique used, and there does not seem to be any strong causal relations between the type of term, the skopos and the translation technique. The translation techniques using equivalence, modulation, omission and explanatory additions are the most commonly used. In each individual translation case, there is an interaction between the rule of coherence and the rule of fidelity. This requires a great deal of flexibility when it comes to finding a target text solution that is coherent for the reader identified in the translation brief. No standardized solutions are offered and the skopos oriented translation will use a wide variety of translation techniques.
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Johed, Gustav. "Accounting, Stock Markets and Everyday Life." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7750.
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The backdrop of this dissertation is one ubiquitous element of everyday life: the stock market. Traditionally, accounting and stock markets are logically coordinate entities and this thesis analyzes how accounting supports private investors in their role as shareholders – as investors in shares and owners of companies. This analysis is carried out in four independent essays. The first two essays analyze the privatization of Telia, a former state-owned Telecommunication Company in Sweden that went public in 2000. The field material for the two essays consisted of newspaper articles, government bills and interviews. Qualitative and quantitative analyses demonstrate how accounting is used among different actors to realize the privatization. Theoretically, the first two essays lend themselves to the governmentality debate as introduced to accounting research by Miller and Rose (1990). The third and fourth essays are analyses of annual general meetings (AGMs). The field material was generated from a study of participants at 36 AGMs during the spring of 2004. The choice of these two seemingly unrelated cases was done deliberately. Both cases are stock market events that typically involve an audience of a large number of non-professional investors. In the privatization of Telia over 1 million people took part in the offer. The AGMs are typically seen as the single event by which non-professional investors have an opportunity to meet with top management. Thus, each event represents an instance in which accounting is confronted by a predominantly non-professional audience. The contribution of this study is two-fold. First, earlier work inspired by the Miller and Rose framework (1990) has favored an analysis of the programmatic. This study develops the technological aspect of the theoretical framework by means of a rich empirical description. In addition the two essays on the privatization of Telia contribute with an analysis of how once a specific technology translates to become and becomes understood at the site of intervention. Second, the two studies of AGMs contest earlier criticism against the meeting as a corporate governance mechanism detached from the overall corporate governance system. The argument here is that the AGM offers a valuable setting for private investors to discuss stewardship issues. That this opportunity is taken advantage of is suggested by the present field material.
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Bysell, Lina Emilia. "En revolutionerande översättning : En översättningsteoretisk uppsats om att översätta en skildring av det ryska inbördeskriget." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-130581.
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Denna kandidatuppsats består av en längre översättning av en skönlitterär text från ryska till svenska och en kommentar till denna översättning som behandlar den översättningsproblematik som åtföljt just det här arbetet. Källtexten utgörs av första kapitlet i Aleksej Tolstojs Chmuroe utro (Grå gryning), tredje delen av hans trilogi Choždenie po mukam (Lidandets väg). I mitt översättningsarbete följer jag Eugene Nidas princip om dynamisk ekvivalens och i min kommentar fokuserar jag på att förklara hur jag arbetat med min översättning utifrån Nidas teorier och hur jag löst de översättningsproblem som uppstått under arbetets gång i enlighet med principen om dynamisk ekvivalens. I arbetet tar jag även upp den speciella problematik det inneburit att trilogins två förra delar redan finns på svenska i översättning av en annan översättare och redogör för hur jag valt att förhålla mig till denna tidigare översättning.<br>This essay covers the translation of a fictional prose text from Russian to Swedish, the source text being the first chapter of Aleksey Tolstoy’s Chmuroe utro (Bleak Morning), the third part of his trilogy Choždenie po mukam (The Ordeal). A commentary of this translation is provided, where the linguistic abstractions encountered throughout the process are documented. My methodology attempts to emulate that of Eugene Nida and his principle of “Dynamic Equivalence”. This procedure is addressed in the commentary, as I explain how utilisation of Nida's theories can assist in overcoming the numerous peculiarities inherent to translation. I also deal with the issue regarding the first two books of the trilogy, which have already been translated into Swedish by another translator. In my work, I explain how and why I have chosen to relate to the earlier translation.
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Valencia, Isabel. "Välkommen till Lagos : En semantisk översättning från engelska till svenska." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182314.
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Postkolonial teori har skiftat intresset från västerländska diskurser till frågor som ideologi, ojämlika maktförhållanden och etik. I samband med översättningsvetenskapens kulturella vändning på 1980-talet, började översättningsvetare ifrågasätta översättningsstrategier som antingen assimilerar (domesticering) eller stereotypiserar (exotisering) källkulturen. Newmark (1981) föreslår en semantisk, källtextorienterad översättningsprincip och menar att så länge den åstadkommer en likvärdig effekt, är en ordagrann översättning inte bara den föredragna, utan den enda godtagbara översättningsmetoden. Denna uppsats är en kommentar till min egen översättning av de första 17 kapitlen i romanen Welcome to Lagos, skriven av den nigerianska författaren Chibundu Onuzo. Källtexten har översatts med hjälp av en semantisk översättningsstrategi. Kommentaren fokuserar på tre aspekter som krävde särskild uppmärksamhet under översättningsarbetet, eftersom de utgör betydande utmaningar för semantiska överföringssätt: kulturspecifika begrepp, stilfigurer och talspråksmarkörer. I kommentaren framförs att den semantiska översättningsstrategin fungerade bra på den övergripande textnivån; även om specifika översättningsproblem ibland fick angripas med ett mer kommunikativt förhållningssätt för att åstadkomma en idiomatisk måltext med likvärdig effekt i målkulturen.<br>Postcolonial Studies shifted the interest from Western discourses to issues of ideology, power inequality, and ethics. As a consequence of the cultural turn in translation studies in the 1980s, scholars started questioning translation strategies that either assimilate (domestication) or stereotype (exoticization) the source culture. Proposing a semantic, source-text oriented translation principle, Newmark (1981) argues that as long as an equivalent effect can be achieved, literal translation is not just the preferred, but the only acceptable procedure. This paper comments on my own translation of the first 17 chapters of the novel Welcome to Lagos, written by Nigerian writer Chibundu Onuzo. The source text was translated using a semantic translation strategy. The commentary focuses on three key aspects that demanded particular attention during the translation process, due to the fact that they present significant challenges to semantic transfer methods: culture-specific items, stylistic devices, and spoken language markers. As the commentary suggests, the semantic translation strategy worked well on the global text level; occasionally, however, specific translation problems had to be dealt with using a more communicative approach in order to produce an idiomatic target text with an equivalent effect in the target culture.
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Dankis, Sofia. "Subtitling the Internet : An investigation into subtitles for dynamic media." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-104350.
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This thesis will examine interlingual subtitles for online media. The research takes place within the descriptive translation studies paradigm. The source material consists of subtitles for a selection of webcasts found on the video sharing platform YouTube. The analysis will examine how the original dialogue has been translated as well as the form that the subtitles are presented in. An analysis of norm governed subtitles for television programs that follow established subtitling norms will also be made for comparison. Online media and broadcast media are divided into a dynamic and static category respectively in order to treat webcasts as an individual form of media. Dynamic media is defined as digital media created for the Internet, and static media is defined as media created for televised broadcasts. The results do not include qualitative assessments but have shown that subtitles for webcasts do not follow subtitling norms and display a wide range of unconventional approaches. The determining factor that illustrates the nature of webcast subtitles is attributed the diverse group of people writing them.
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ANELLI, LAURA. "UMORISMO E DOPPIAGGIO: CENSURA E MANIPOLAZIONE NELLA RISCRITTURA DELLE SITCOM AMERICANE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/24617.
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La presente tesi ha come scopo l’analisi della traduzione per il doppiaggio dell’umorismo costruito su argomenti tabù (quali ad esempio riferimenti al sesso, alla sessualità, all’obesità, al consumo di alcol e droghe) presente in quattro sitcom americane, nello specifico Friends, Will & Grace, How I Met Your Mother e 2 Broke Girls. In particolare, partendo dalla teoria della riscrittura proposta da Lefevere (1992,) la ricerca mira ad identificare casi di censura e manipolazione presenti nella traduzione in italiano dei suddetti testi audiovisivi. Con un approccio traduttivo descrittivo, i dialoghi trascritti dall’inglese sono stati confrontati con la loro traduzione in lingua italiana e i risultati dimostrano che censura e manipolazione all’interno della traduzione per il doppiaggio sono due fenomeni esistenti pur non essendo sempre possibile distinguere tra i due dal momento che non solo i vari specialisti coinvolti nel doppiaggio, quali traduttori, direttori del doppiaggio, doppiatori, adattatori, ma anche gli organi afferenti al patronato (Lefevere 1992) possono in qualche modo influire sull’atto traduttivo stesso. Un confronto diacronico tra le sitcom prese in esame dimostra tuttavia come fenomeni censori e manipolatori nella traduzione dell’umorismo tabù siano oggi in diminuzione rispetto al passato, probabile segno di una mutata ideologia nella cultura di arrivo.<br>The purpose of the present thesis is to analyse the translation for dubbing of humour based on taboo topics – such as, for example, references to sex, sexuality, obesity, alcohol and drug addiction – present in four American sitcoms, namely Friends, Will & Grace, How I Met Your Mother and 2 Broke Girls. Moving from the theory of rewriting introduced by Lefevere (1992), the present research aims to identify cases of manipulation and censorship in the Italian translation of the above-mentioned audiovisual texts. Following a descriptive translational approach, the English dialogues have been compared to their Italian translation. Results show that censorship and manipulation exist in the translation for dubbing even though it is not always possible to distinguish between the two. Indeed, not only the several specialists involved in the dubbing process, such as translators, dubbing directors, dubbing actors, adaptors, but also the powers linked to patronage (Lefevere 1992) can influence in several ways the translation process. However, a diachronic comparison of the analysed sitcoms demonstrates that censorial and manipulative phenomena in the translation of taboo humour are decreasing compared to the past, and this is probably due to a change in the receiving culture ideology.
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Rosa, Gisele Marion. "Tradução cultural: a imagem brasileira em Do Outro Mundo de Ana Maria Machado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-05082011-145105/.
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No atual contexto em que vivemos, a globalização, isto é, o fenômeno que promove a aproximação entre países e as representações culturais de seus produtores, justifica-se destacar a mais importante tarefa nesta realidade: a tradução. Destacamos nessa pesquisa a relevância e posteriores conseqüências num contexto intercultural cuja direção tradutória seja de países periféricos para os demais países, como a versão da obra literária infanto-juvenil Do Outro Mundo de Ana Maria Machado para o inglês. O livro traz uma série de referências culturais brasileiras, referências históricas e de conscientização sobre a igualdade social e racial discutidas em uma linguagem para crianças. Ainda, essa tradução não foi realizada por um falante nativo da língua meta, mas por uma tradutora que tem como língua materna a mesma da autora e respectiva obra literária, o português brasileiro. Assim, articulamos a Estética da Recepção e a Imagologia, teorias literárias que dialogam com os Estudos da Tradução, para a formulação da seguinte hipótese, de que a apreensão da cultura brasileira pelo consumo de uma produção cultural, como o livro infanto-juvenil, por um público alvo peculiar que se encontra ainda em processo de formação de seus valores e visão de mundo, dentro do contexto cuja autora deteve enorme controle do resultado final, visto a sua parceria de criação com a tradutora, privilegiará a manutenção de traços culturais da nossa sociedade. Aqui, estes se encontram representados por imagens construídas pela escritora no original e, posteriormente, pela tradutora na tradução, dentro de uma temática de extrema relevância social, além de uma forma engenhosa que exige diferentes níveis de interpretação dos leitores nesse contato entre culturas. Assim, com base nos fundamentos teóricos, buscaremos demonstrar essa hipótese no nível discursivo em três pontos principais: a identificação das imagens no texto original e traduzido que apresentam marcas da identidade cultural brasileira; segundo, o fato de que tradução e original fazem parte do universo infanto-juvenil exigindo um enfoque na recepção estética; e por último, a particularidade dessa tradução, isto é, os desdobramentos de uma parceria entre escritora e tradutora que traz uma diferente perspectiva para o resultado final.<br>In the current moment we live in, the globalization, that is a phenomenon that promotes approximation among countries and cultural representations from their producers, we highlight the most important task present and essential within it: translation. We emphasize in our research the possible consequences within an intercultural context where the translation direction is from periphery to center, as we see in Do Outro Mundo by Ana Maria Machado and its translation into English. This childrens book brings many Brazilian references about History facts, social and racial civil rights. Yet, its translation was not made by a native of English, instead, a Brazilian translator who happens to be the authors daughter who contributed with this research by revealing some of the issues presented in this particular translation. Therefore, we articulate the Reception Theory and the Imagology Studies both literary theories with Translation Studies to formulate the following hypothesis: the comprehension of Brazilian culture by a specific target audience, that is, children who are still developing their moral and social values by a translation of a book which there was a peculiar interference by the partnership between the author and the translator. It will show as a result the maintenance of the cultural representation of our society. Thus, this representation is composed by the images constructed by the author in the original text and later by the translator in the translated text revealing a theme of enormously social relevance and within a form that demands from the reader different levels of interpretation.
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Moreira, Camila Bozzo. "Sobre o conceito de intradutibilidade na teoria da linguagem presente no Ensaio sobre o entendimento humano, de John Locke." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8160/tde-16022018-124748/.
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Esta dissertação reserva-se à analise do conceito de intradutibilidade presente na teoria da linguagem desenvolvida por John Locke, no Livro III, das palavras, de seu Ensaio sobre o entendimento humano, de 1690. Essa teoria visa rejeitar conceitos em voga no séc. XVII, especialmente o inatismo, advogando em favor do argumento de que o entendimento é adquirido por meio da experiência sensorial, sendo esta particular a cada indivíduo. Nesse sentido, a forma como as ideias são apreendidas na mente de cada indivíduo é também particular; a linguagem, portanto, é vista pelo autor como o instrumento responsável por socializar essas ideias particulares e permitir a comunicação. Entretanto, somada à crítica ao inatismo, Locke, no Livro III, questiona i. o emprego abusivo das palavras no contexto científico, ao elencar uma série de ações realizadas por debatedores para impressionar seu ouvinte muito mais do que transmitir um conhecimento e refletir sobre a Verdade e ii. a natureza imperfeita das palavras que compõem a linguagem especialmente devido ao seu comportamento arbitrário, ou seja, sua relação com as ideias que devem representar não é natural, mas imposta pelo homem. Ademais, Locke afirma, também como contraposição às discussões da época, haver duas essências: a nominal, acessível à nossa apreensão e delimitada pelas palavras, e a real, cuja totalidade é inapreensível pela experiência e, por extensão, pelas palavras. Assim, ao defender a intradutibilidade, argumenta em favor de um novo método de investigação filosófica, que leva em consideração a particularidade do falante, a arbitrariedade na relação entre as palavras e as ideias e a impossibilidade de 7 se acessar a realidade em sua totalidade. A afirmação da intradutibilidade não exclui a prática da tradução, reconhecida por John Locke no mesmo livro III, defende apenas o supracitado. Por isso, esta dissertação também apresenta uma tradução desse Livro III para uma demonstração prática da teoria predicada por esse autor e uma reflexão das escolhas realizadas no intuito de adequar-se aos argumentos levantados e analisados ao longo de toda a dissertação.<br>It is intended to analyse the concept of translatability in John Lockes theory of language, which is developed in the Book III, of words, of his Essay concerning human understanding, in 1690. He rejects the 17th century scholars and the inatism theory claiming that the knowledge is apprehended by sense experiences, which are particular to each one. Hence the ideas are also particular, the language, by that means, is the main instrument used by the humans to convey their thoughts and whose chief end is communication. Locke also rejects other two things: i. the abuse of words causing obscure discourses whose only purpose is to impress the hearer, not to present the truth and ii. the imperfection inherent to the nature of words, because its relation to the ideas is arbitrary and not based on any pattern in nature. Thus, Locke arguments that there are two types of essences: a nominal defined by words and a real, which is impossible to describe, because we have only access to reality through our senses. By defending intranslatability Locke is actually defending a new philosophical method which includes the fact that language is particular to each speaker, the arbitrary relation between words and ideas and the impossibility to comprehend thoroughly reality. However it does not excludes translation itself, recognized by Locke in the same Book III; translating it portrays his theory and proposes a debate concerning the choices made to better convey his view.
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Chao, U. Si. "A study of two Chinese translations of Romeo and Juliet in the light of norm theory." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1780839.
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Vestin, Jonas. "What is the English counterpart to the Swedish pronoun man?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-8217.
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The main aim of this essay has been to generate an understanding of the distinct difference of the Swedish indefinite pronoun man and the English counterpart. It is established that man provides an extraordinary feeling of generality in its context. The materials used to do this consist of two parts. Firstly, four different grammar books describing how the translation from Swedish to English should be done. Secondly, how a translator deals with the issue of not having a corresponding component in the English language. This essay also incorporates theory of translation to identify other problems a translator might get confronted with.
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Oliveira, Juliana Mendes de. "Um estudo de marcadores culturais nas traduções do conto The Gold Bug de Edgar Allan Poe." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-11122012-093108/.
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A proposta desta pesquisa consiste em um trabalho de Linguística Aplicada que proporcione uma reflexão empírica sobre o fazer tradutório, em especial no que tange ao tratamento dado aos marcadores culturais linguisticamente expressos no texto original. A análise será desenvolvida a partir do cotejo do conto The Gold Bug do escritor Edgar Allan Poe no original em inglês com três traduções do texto original para o português brasileiro. O cotejo será executado aplicando-se a ferramenta de descrição das modalidades de tradução (Aubert 1998, 2006a, derivados dos procedées techniques de la traduction, de Vinay & Darbelnet (1958), como forma de identificar questões culturais e linguísticas, discutindo as soluções adotadas por cada um dos tradutores para trechos culturalmente marcados e dificuldades léxico-gramaticais. Pretende-se, assim, compreender as relações de equivalência entre as línguas, bem como suas diferenças e convergências culturais. Com tal intuito, serão invocados os Estudos Tradutológicos com auxílio da Linguística, bem como o auxílio pontual da Literatura Comparada e da Antropologia (Estudos Interculturais). Como resultado final, espera-se que o mapeamento das soluções tradutórias faculte generalizações sobre os métodos de tradução adotados.<br>This investigation is proposed as a piece of Applied Linguistics offering an empirical review of the translation process, particularly in what concerns the treatment of cultural markers as linguistically expressed in the source text. Our analysis will be conducted based on a comparison between the short story The Gold Bug by Edgar Allan Poe in its original English version with three different translations of the original text published in Brazilian Portuguese. The comparison shall be carried out using as a descriptive tool the translation modalities (Aubert 1998, 2006a, as derived from Vinay & Darbelnets procedées techniques de la traduction (1958), so as to identify the cultural and linguistic issues involved, discussing the solutions offered by each translator for the culturally marked passages and for the lexicalgrammatical difficulties encountered. In this fashion, we expect to shed light on the equivalence relationships between the languages, as well as on the cultural differences and convergences. With this purpose in mind, we will fundamentally resort to Translations Studies with assistance of Linguistics, and with the accurate assistance of Comparative Literature and Anthropology (or Intercultural Studies). As a final result, we expect that the survey of the translation solutions will enable generalizations on the translation methods employed.
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Лю, С., та S. Liu. "Эволюция переводоведения в Китае : магистерская диссертация". Master's thesis, б. и, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/103645.
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Текущий уровень развития теории перевода на китайский язык не соответствует потребностям академических кругов. В настоящее время теория китайского перевода полностью не определена, и специфика условий ее развития имеет смысл. Цель данной статьи - изучить и проанализировать текущую ситуацию, систематизировать и обобщить накопленные данные по данной теме. Поскольку китайская переводческая индустрия находится на стадии становления, мы выдвинули наши собственные предложения и новые идеи по основному историческому направлению развития китайских теорий перевода на основе обширного анализа и на основе результатов существующих исследований. Теория китайского перевода нацелена на сохранение собственной идентичности и адаптацию успешного опыта Запада к его реальности.<br>The current level of development of the theory of translation into Chinese does not correspond to the needs of the academic community. At present, the theory of Chinese translation is not fully defined, and the specifics of the conditions for its development make sense. The purpose of this article is to study and analyze the current situation, systematize and summarize the accumulated data on this topic. As the Chinese translation industry is in its infancy, we have put forward our own proposals and new ideas for the main historical direction of the development of Chinese translation theories based on extensive analysis and based on the results of existing research. The theory of Chinese translation is aimed at preserving one's own identity and adapting the successful experience of the West to its reality.
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Grundström, Johan, and Filip Åberg. "Översättning av Nöjd Kund Index : Verksamhetsutveckling med kundfokus på JM AB." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-127151.
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Titel: Översättning av Nöjd Kund Index - Verksamhetsutveckling med kundfokus på JM AB Författare: Grundström, Johan; Åberg, Filip Handledare: Blomgren, Maria Kurs: Kandidatuppsats, 15hp, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, VT 2010 Bakgrund: I samhället cirkulerar mängder av managementidéer. För att en organisation ska kunna använda en idé så måste den översätta idén till organisationens förutsättningar. Kundfokus har kommit att spela en allt viktigare roll för företagens lönsamhet vilket har lett till ett ökat kundfokus de senaste decennierna. JM AB, ett företag verksamma inom bostadsutveckling, införde år 2002 Nöjd Kund Index för att kunna mäta deras kunders nöjdhet. Hur har idén om Nöjd Kund Index översatts på företaget? Syfte: Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att genom en studie av JM AB beskriva hur Nöjd Kund Index översätts och hur konceptets funktioner utvecklas. Metod: En kvalitativ metod valdes, där såväl intervjuer genomförts och dokument från JM använts. Resultat: Studien visar att översättningsprocessen är en process vilken tar form och ändrar karaktär beroende på faktorer både inom och utanför företaget. Dessa processer kan pågå samtidigt och ta olika lång tid. Anledningen till att olika delar av processen tar olika långt tid beror på individers mottaglighet och referensramar. I JM:s fall har översättningen av Nöjd Kund Index medfört att konceptet fått nya funktioner vilka ännu inte institutionaliserats i företagets verksamhet.<br>Title: Translation of Customer Satisfaction Index - Business development with customer focus at JM Ltd Authors: Grundström, Johan; Åberg, Filip Tutor: Blomgren, Maria Course: Bachelor thesis, 15hp, Department of Business Studies, VT 2010 Background: In society, many management ideas circulate. For an organization to be able to use an idea, the organization has to translate the idea to its conditions. Customer focus has come to play an increasingly important role in organizations’ profitability which has led to an increased customer focus in recent decades. In 2002, JM Ltd, a company active within housing development, introduced Customer Satisfaction Index in order to be able to measure their customers’ satisfaction. How is Customer Satisfaction Index translated at the company? Objective: The objective of this thesis is to, through a study of JM Ltd, describe how Customer Satisfaction Index is translated and how the concept´s field of application has developed at the company. Method: A qualitative method was chosen, where both interviews conducted and documents used. Results: The study shows that the translation process is a process which takes shape and changes its character depending on factors both within and outside the company. These processes can run simultaneously and take various lengths of time. The reasons for this depend on individuals’ susceptibility and frames of reference. In the case of JM, the translation of Customer Satisfaction Index has led to new functions for the concept which not yet has been institutionalized in the company’s activities.
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Landvik, Solvor Pettersen, and Paulina Jansson. "Employer Branding - Ett managementkoncept : En kvalitativ studie om översättning, tillämpning samt kommunikation av konceptet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-175074.
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Employer Branding är ett managementkoncept vars primära syfte är att attrahera och behålla personal. Nyinstitutionell teori redogör däremot för att organisationers motiv att översätta samt tillämpa ett managementrecept så som Employer Branding är att framstå som socialt legitima och bra arbetsplatser. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur Employer Branding implementerats vid ett kontor inom Swedbank AB och vad det betyder i praktiken. Med nyinstitutionell teori som referensram kommer studien undersöka hur Swedbank AB har översatt, tillämpat och kommunicerat konceptet. För att besvara syftet har kvalitativ metod använts genom tre semi-strukturerade intervjuer utifrån ett selektivt urval. Information erhölls även från Swedbank AB:s hemsida. Analysen grundades utifrån etnografisk kvalitativ metod med deduktiv ansats där teoretiska begrepp har översatts till koder. Av resultatet framkom det att banken arbetar med en strategisk omdömeshantering via införandet av nya värdeord, ledarskapskriterier, en lokal prägel, samhällsengagemang, jämställdhetsarbete och ett relationellt förhållningssätt. Översättningen av receptet kan dock vara problematisk att implementera för Swedbank, då personalsatsningar tenderar att vara ekonomiskt konjunkturberoende. Banken hanterar detta genom en löskoppling mellan storytelling som förmedlar hur banken vill framstå och hur arbetet bedrivs i praktiken. Utifrån att betrakta medarbetarna som potentiella externa ambassadörer skulle banken med en mer inkluderande storytelling åstadkomma större förståelse och acceptans för sitt beslutsfattande. Organisationsrecept såsom Employer Branding verkar utifrån studiens samlade analys fungera bäst under goda ekonomiska förutsättningar.<br>Employer Branding is a management concept which primary purpose is to attract and keep employees. In contrast, neoinstitutional theory explains that organizations motives to translate and apply management recipes such as Employer Branding, is to appear as socially legitimate and good places to work. The study aims to examine how the management concept Employer Branding is implemented at an office of Swedbank AB and what it means in practice. With neoinstitutional theory as a framework, the study will examine how Swedbank AB has translated, implemented and communicated the concept. To answer the question, a qualitative method has been used by three semi-structured interviews based on a selective sample. Information was also provided by Swedbank AB's website. The analysis was based on an ethnographic qualitative deductive approach in which theoretical concepts have been translated into codes. The results show that the bank is working with strategic reputational management through the introduction of new core values, leadership criteria, a local character, corporate social responsibility, equality work and a relational approach. The translation of the concept can be problematic to implement within the bank, because staff actions appear to be economically dependent. The bank handles this by a decoupling between storytelling that conveys how the bank would like to appear and how the work is conducted in practice. Based on considering employees as external ambassadors, the bank could provide greater understanding and acceptance with a more inclusive storytelling concerning its decision-making. Organization recipes such as Employer Branding seems from the study's overall analysis, work best under good economic conditions.
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Haase, Donald. "Self-Referential Features in Sacred Texts." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3726.
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This thesis examines a specific type of instance that bridges the divide between seeing sacred texts as merely vehicles for content and as objects themselves: self-reference. Doing so yielded a heuristic system of categories of self-reference in sacred texts based on the way the text self-describes: Inlibration, Necessity, and Untranslatability.
I provide examples of these self-referential features as found in various sacred texts: the Vedas, Āgamas, Papyrus of Ani, Torah, Quran, Sri Guru Granth Sahib, and the Book of Mormon. I then examine how different theories of sacredness interact with them. What do Durkheim, Otto, Freud, or Levinas say about these? How are their theories changed when confronted with sacred texts as objects as well as containers for content? I conclude by asserting that these self-referential features can be seen as ‘self-sacralizing’ in that they: match understandings of sacredness, speak for themselves, and do not occur in mundane texts.
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Johansson, Lina. "Vem i hela världen säger så? : Normer vid översättning av könskodad dialog i manga." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-118185.
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Denna uppsats undersöker normer för översättning av könskodat språk. Genusvetare menar att könskodat språk inte bara upprätthåller stereotyper om kön utan också förstärker dem. Därför tycker feministiska översättningsvetare att det är viktigt att vara medveten om vilka stereotyper som översättningar överför mellan kulturer. Denna uppsats behandlar stereotyper om kön i japanska serier, så kallade manga. Med hjälp av den översättningsvetenskapliga metoden sammankopplade par jämförs källtexterna och måltexterna med varandra. Resultatet visar att nästan allt det könskodade språket har utelämnats i måltexterna. Trots att detta gör språket mindre stereotypt blir inte alla karaktärer mindre stereotypa. En karaktär är till och med mer stereotyp i måltexten än i källtexten. Detta visar att utelämning förmodligen inte är ett medvetet val av översättaren för att minska stereotyper. Anledningen till utelämningarna verkar istället vara att det är en norm att utelämna en stor del av karaktärers rollspråk.<br>This essay investigates norms in translation of gender stereotype language. Gender Studies has for many years claimed that gender stereotypes in language not only maintain gender stereotypes but also reinforce them. Because of this feminist translation theorists stress the importance of being aware of what stereotypes translation can and do transfer between cultures. In this essay the gender stereotypes that are dealt with are the ones of characters in Japanese comics, so called manga. With a methodology from Translations Studies, coupled pairs, it compares Japanese source texts with Swedish target texts. The results shows that almost all of the gender stereotype language in the source texts has been omitted in the target texts. Even though this makes the language less stereotype, it does not make all of the characters less stereotype. One character is even more stereotype in the target text than in the source text. This probably shows that the omissions are not a choice made by the translator to reduce stereotypes. The reason for the omissions seems instead to be that it is a norm in translation of manga to omit a certain amount of the character specific language.
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Lefebvre-Scodeller, Cindy. "La présence du traducteur : traduction littéraire anglais-français." Thesis, Artois, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ARTO0001.
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Cette thèse étudie certaines formes de la manifestation de la présence du traducteur dans la traduction littéraire angl.fr.. Une approche théorique ouvre l’étude : la manière dont on envisage la présence du traducteur dans un texte est analysée à travers les diverses réflexions et théories formulées sur la traduction depuis l’Antiquité jusqu’à nos jours. S’ensuivent quelques réflexions sur le traducteur littéraire : ses relations à l’écriture, puis à l’auteur, ou au texte à traduire sont analysées à travers des témoignages de traducteurs : amour, haine, désir, plaisir — autant de sentiments forts qui interviennent au cours du processus de traduction. Trois cas particuliers de la relation auteur-traducteur sont évoqués. Une étude des différentes traces (visibles et invisibles) que laisse un traducteur dans son texte précède une vaste étude sur corpus. Le rôle de négociateur entre langues et cultures qu’endosse un traducteur est étudié à travers les œuvres d’H. Fielding et J. Austen : entre visibilité et invisibilité, les choix des traducteurs sont analysés et commentés. Les traductions choisies pour J. Austen permettent d’envisager le devenir de l’unité d’une œuvre traduite par plusieurs traducteurs différents. Une étude diachronique des traductions de Pride and Prejudice montre que la retraduction est le lieu par excellence de la manifestation de la présence du traducteur. Le dernier chapitre étudie le devenir de quelques caractéristiques du style de V. Woolf dans les traductions de The Waves par deux écrivains : M. Yourcenar et C. Wajsbrot. La présence du traducteur est indissociable de la traduction littéraire, elle détermine la réception de la littérature étrangère<br>Our thesis examines various aspects of the translator's presence in literary translations from English into French. Our study starts with an overview of translation approaches and theories from antiquity to the present, with particular focus on the translator's presence. We then concentrate on literary translators’ relationships with the authors (and texts) they translate. Translators' accounts often reveal mixed feelings of love, hate, desire and/or pleasure, so many strong feelings that are inherent in the translation process. We go on to discuss three specific cases of translator/author relationships. A study of the various traces that translators leave in their translations (both visible and invisible) introduces our corpus-based study. In this part, the role of the translator as negotiator between languages and cultures is analysed through the translations of H. Fielding's Bridget Jones and J. Austen's six novels: the translators' choices, ranging from visibility to invisibility, are examined in depth. The analysis of Austen's translations is an opportunity to look into the problem of translations by multiple authors and their impact on the perceived unity of the works. A diachronic study of the translations of Pride and Prejudice shows that retranslation is the place par excellence where the translator's presence is most apparent. Our final chapter is devoted to the treatment of several features of V. Woolf's style in the two translations of The Waves by French writers M. Yourcenar and C. Wajsbrot. The translator's presence constitutes an integral part of literary translation, and determines the way foreign literature is received
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Engström, Elin. "Från Mister Yummy till Herr Mums : Översättning med kommentar: bildspråk i en novell av Stephen King." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-143874.
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Uppsatsen redogör för översättningen av en novell skriven av Stephen King. Förutsättningar för vald översättningsprincip är polysystemteori, deskriptiv översättningsvetenskap, tänkt målgrupp och resultatet av en stilanalys av källtexten där en riklig förekomst av bildspråk tydliggjordes. En analys av bildspråk i måltexten visade på en övervägande adekvansinriktad översättningsstrategi och på Stephen Kings status i målkulturen som hög snarare än låg. Problem under översättningsprocessen var främst översättningen av bildspråk.<br>This study deals with the translation of a short story written by Stephen King. Prerequisites for the selected translation principle were polysystem theory, descriptive translation studies, intended audience, and the result of a style analysis of the source text in which an abundance of imagery was clear. An analysis of the imagery in the target text found that a predominantly adequacy-oriented translation strategy was used and that Stephen King's status in the target culture can be viewed as high rather than low. Problems during the translation process were mainly associated with the translation of imagery.
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Graef, J. Julian. "Practicing peacebuilding differently : a legal empowerment project, a randomised control trial and practical hybridity in Liberia." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6384.
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Hybridity, as it is currently understood in the Peace and Conflict Studies (PCS) and International Relations (IR) literature, is defined by the complex interactions between ‘the liberal peace' and ‘the local'. However, under this theoretical liberal-local rubric, the ways in which power is practiced has already been determined; how resistance is expressed and the forms it assumes have already been established. While it has yielded numerous important insights into how power circulates and resistance manifests in peacebuilding operations, the theoretical approach conceals other significant dynamics which escape detection by ‘the liberal peace' and ‘the local'. However, these undetected dimensions of hybridity comprise the very processes that emerge in ways which destabilise the boundaries between ‘the liberal peace' and ‘the local' and reshape the contours of the emerging post-liberal peace. Instead of accepting the liberal-local distinction which defines this theoretical hybridity, this thesis advances an alternative methodological approach to exploring the tensions at play in peacebuilding projects. Rather than deploying theoretical distinctions in order to explain or understand complex hybrid processes, this thesis develops a methodological strategy for exploring the tensions between how actors design a peacebuilding project and how that project changes as actors work to translate that project into complex, everyday living sites (Callon, 1986; Law, 1997; Akrich, 1992). This tension is expressed as practical hybridity. The process of practical hybridity unfolds as the concrete material changes, modifications, and adaptations that emerge as actors appropriate and contingently translate organised practices in new ways and for different purposes. Through an ongoing process of practical hybridity, the boundaries and distinction which define the distinction between ‘the liberal peace' and ‘the local' become increasingly unstable. Amidst this instability, the practices which characterised ‘the liberal peace' are becoming stretched into a post-liberal peace. Drawing on the work of Richmond (2011a; Richmond & Mitchell, 2012), Latour (1987b; 1988; 2004), and Schatzki (2002), and based on over five months of field research, this this thesis traces the process of practical hybridity at play during the implementation and evaluation of a peacebuilding project in Liberia. I participated as a research assistant on a Randomised Control Trial (RCT), implemented by a small research team under the auspices of the Oxford University's Centre for the Study of African Economies (CSAE). The team was assessing the impact of a legal empowerment programme managed by The Carter Center: the Community Justice Advisor (CJA) programme. As the CSAE's evaluation of the CJA programme unfolded, many dynamics associated with theoretical liberal-local hybridity surfaced; however, it also became apparent that this theoretical formulation obscured important dimensions which were reshaping what peacebuilding practice is in the process of becoming in the emerging post-liberal world.
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Alonso, Michelle. "We Are Standing in the Nick of Time: Translative Relevance in Anne Carson's "Antigonick"." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2509.
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The complicated issues surrounding translation studies have seen growing attention in recent years from scholars and academics that want to make it a discipline and not a minor branch of another field, such as linguistics or comparative literature. Writ large with Antigonick, Carson showcases the recent Western push towards translation studies in the American academy. By offering up a text that is chaotic in its presentation, she bypasses the rigid idea of univocality. By giving the text discordant images, she betrays the failed efficacy of sign and signification, and by choosing a text to be performed and mutually participated in, she exceeds ideas of the individual subject as the site of authorship. Ultimately, Carson enacts a theory of translation that critically deconstructs translation itself.
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Kijewski, Kristian, and Mensur Jasarevic. "Lean i hälso- och sjukvården - En studie på två kliniker i Region Jönköpings län." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-58614.
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Bakgrund: Offentliga organisationer har under de senaste decennierna utsatts för förändring, detta till följd av ett ökat krav på effektivitet. Som svar på detta har styrinstrument (management verktyg) från industriella sammanhang hämtats för att bemöta denna effektivitet, ett av dessa verktyg är Lean, som i hälso- och sjukvården fått namnet Lean Healthcare. Lean kan ses vara ett koncept som färdats från tillverkningsindustrin in till hälso- och sjukvården där den översatts, något som medfört att det teoretiska ramverket översättningsmodellen används för att förstå denna översättning i hälso- och sjukvården. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva och förklara hur olika hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisationer översätter Lean. Detta för att bidra med kunskap om vad Lean står för i hälso- och sjukvården, samt vilka möjligheter och svårigheter som existerar. Metodval: En kvalitativ flerfallstudie har genomförts för att kunna förstår hur Lean översatts i hälso- och sjukvården. Datainsamlingen har genomförts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer på kliniknivå vilket inneburit att vi haft kontakt med läkare, sjuksköterskor, fysiker, specialistsjuksköterskor, barnmorskor samt administrativ ledning. Vi har även tagit del av olika dokument som medfört en bredare förståelse för hur översättningen sett ut. Slutsatser: Vi har sett hur idén, Lean, genomgått olika faser i klinikerna där det översatts till att bli något eget i klinikernas lokala praktiker. Vi kan konstatera att Lean i hälso- och sjukvården blir något som står för effektivitet, processtänk, samarbete och problemlösning, standardisering, visualisering, att ledarna investerar i sina anställda samt mätning och sökande efter överlevnadsgrad. Vidare kan vi konstatera att Lean i hälso- och sjukvården skapar möjligheter då det lett till effektivare behandlingstid, bättre tillgänglighet av personal, förkortade ledtider, förbättrade patientflöden, bättre arbetsmiljö och en bättre struktur. Svårigheter som visat sig uppkomma är att finna balans och anpassning, svårigheter med professioner, svårigheter med koppling till det industriella sammanhanget samt den komplexitet som hälso- och sjukvården består av där oförutsägbara händelser ofta uppstår.<br>Background and discussion: Public organizations have in recent decades been subjected to change, and this is due to an increased demand for efficiency. The control instrument (management tool) from industrial settings has been taken in response to this efficiency and one of them is Lean, in Healthcare named “Lean Healthcare”. Lean can be seen as an idea that has been translated from the manufacturing industry to healthcare, and the theoretical framework translation model has been used to understand this in this paper. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to describe and explain how different healthcare organizations translate Lean. This is to provide knowledge of what Lean stands for in Healthcare, as well as the difficulties and opportunities that exist. Method: A qualitative case study has been conducted to understand how Lean is translated into Healthcare. Data has been collected through semi-structured interviews at the clinic level, which meant that we had contact with doctors, nurses, physicists, specialist nurses, midwifes and administrative management. We have also taken note of the documents that enabled us to have a broad understanding of how the translation looked which has given us an understanding of the opportunities and difficulties that existed. Conclusions: We have seen how the idea, Lean, has undergone various phases in both of the clinics, where it was translated into something local. We can conclude that Lean in Healthcare is something that stands for efficiency, the process of thinking, collaboration and problem solving, standardization, visualization, leaders investing in their employees, and measurement of quest for survival. Furthermore, we note that Lean in Healthcare creates opportunities as it leads to more effective treatment, better availability of personnel, shorter lead times, improved patient flow, better work, better structure and a better working environment. Difficulties arise as proven by finding balance and alignment, difficulties with professions, difficulties related to the industrial context and the complexity of healthcare where unpredictable events are common.
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Björklund, Rosario. "La traducción de los culturemas : Dificultades y soluciones en la traducción del sueco al español del estudio: "La imagen de Suecia en los medios de comunicación después de Stieg Larsson y Millennium"." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46265.
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Translation is all about finding the similar word and expression in the target language ́s culture and to try to obtain the same message as the source text. What a translator does with a translation project from the source language to the target language includes a process where several elements interact: finding the correct terminology in the target culture and be able to transfer the connotation and the message to the reader in the target language. The aim of this investigation is to identify and analyze the difficulties that may appear in the process of translating cultural aspects between Swedish and Spanish. The source text is a Swedish study Mediebilden av Sverige efter Stieg Larsson och Millennium (Sweden beyond the Millennium and Stieg Larsson) by Joakim Lind (2012) that has been translated into Spanish. The purpose of this study is to investigate if the translation techniques neutralization and the cultural equivalent are most suitable to use in the translation of cultural elements. The results of the study showed what was expected from the beginning, that it was mostly these two translation techniques that were used: neutralization and the cultural equivalent, but in several cases it was necessary to use other techniques like literal translation. The process of translation cannot only depend on one or two translation techniques and the translator must be able to recognize when the appropriate technique should be used. In several cases it has to be a combination of two or three translation techniques to be able to reach a good final result of the translated text.
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Eriksson, Ingrid. "Retaining or losing the conceptual metaphor : A study on institutional translation of metaphors in political discourse from English into Swedish and Spanish." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-171437.
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The translation of metaphors has been analyzed and discussed for several decades, but there are not many multilingual studies that examine how metaphors are translated. The present study takes a cognitive approach to metaphor and investigates how translators at the European Commission handle metaphorical expressions and the underlying conceptual metaphors in political discourse. The source text is the English language version of the policy document A European Agenda on Migration, and the Swedish and Spanish language versions of it are included as target texts. The study identifies the conceptual metaphors that conceptualize migration and other topics that are closely related to the European migrant and refugee crisis of 2015 and the translation procedures that are used. A total of six translation procedures were found in the target texts, and the most used procedure in the Spanish target text was to retain both the conceptual metaphor and the metaphorical expression, whereas the most used procedure in the Swedish target text was to replace the metaphorical expression with a completely different one and thereby using a different conceptual metaphor. The parallel analysis of all three language versions also revealed that non-metaphorical expressions in the source text were occasionally replaced with metaphorical expressions in the target texts, which proves that adding a conceptual metaphor is one of many translation procedures. The most frequently used source domains in the source text, i.e. water, enemy and applied force, were transferred to both target texts. Some source domains were eventually lost, but a couple of new ones, such as disease and weight, were added instead.
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Gustafsson, Pontus, and Adrian Palmberg. "Effekterna av employer branding : – En jämförelse mellan forskares och praktikers syn på hur företag påverkas av sitt employer branding-arbete." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23474.
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Employer branding definierades för första gången 1996 av Ambler och Barrow (1996) i deras artikel “The employer brand”. Enligt forskarna är det ett sätt att stärka varumärket, attrahera och behålla duktiga medarbetare och skapa en mer lönsam verksamhet. Vi ser en lucka i dagens forskning gällande praktiknära employer branding-studier. Problemet inom employer branding handlar inte om hur företag ska utforma och genomföra aktiviteter. Vad som behövs är en större insikt hos företagsledningar vilka effekter företagets employer branding-arbete faktiskt har. Syftet med vår uppsats är att genomföra en kompaarativ studie av teori och praktik inom fältet employer branding. Jämförelsen ska göras mellan den påverkan forskning hävdar att employer branding-arbete har på ett företag och praktikers syn på densamma. Det gör vi genom en litteraturgenomgång som presenteras i en modell samt genom att hålla 14 intervjuer med praktiker som arbetar med employer branding. Vårt bidrag till forskningen blir därmed en praktiknära undersökning av employer branding-arbetets effekter.I vårt resultat ser vi att forskning och praktik ligger nära varandra i synen på vilka effekter ett företags employer branding arbete på företagets varumärke och personalstyrka. Däremot finns det en tydligare diskrepans i synen på de ekonomiska effekter företaget får av sitt employer branding-arbete. Vi anser att företag behöver ha bättre, precisare och mer effektiva mätmetoder för att kunna mäta de ekonomiska effekterna av sitt employer branding-arbete.<br>Employer branding was first defined in 1996 by Ambler and Barrow (1996) in their article “The employer brand”. According to the scholars employer branding is a way of strengthening the brand, attract and retain employees and create a more profitable business. We identify a gap in contemporary research regarding study close to the practical field. The problem within employer branding is not how to develop and carry out activities. What is needed is a bigger understanding in corporate management in how the company’s employer branding activities influence the organisation.The purpose of our paper is to make a comparative study of theory and practice within the field of employer branding. The comparison will be made between the influence the research claim employer branding activities have on a business and practitioner’s view on the same matter. We will do this by a literature review which will be presented in a model and 14 interviews with practitioners within the employer branding field. Our contribution to the field of research will be a study of the effects of employer branding close to the practioners.In our results we identify that research and practice are close in their perception of what effects a company’s employer branding activities have on the company’s brand and workforce. However, there is a more distinct discrepancy in the views regarding the economic effects on a company from their employer branding activities. We believe companies need better, more precise and more efficient methods to measure the economic effects of their employer brand.
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Bellomo, Paolo. "La traduction à l’épreuve de l’imitation. Traduction, pastiche, pensées de la ressemblance en France et en Italie aux XIXe et XXe siècles." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA044.
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À partir de l’analyse des discours sur la traduction et le pastiche aux XIXe et XXe siècles, la thèse trace l’archéologie des pensées de la traduction en France et en Italie, souligne la différence radicale de deux territoires pourtant si proches. En articulant les histoires politiques et linguistiques de ces deux pays, ce travail vise à montrer comment l’imaginaire et le sentiment que les cultures française et italienne ont eu de leurs propres langues ont structuré des perceptions foncièrement autres de l’à traduire.La réflexion part d’une lecture de ce que Foucault appelle la « structure parlée du perçu », c’est-à-dire l’ensemble des discours traductifs et imitatifs susceptibles de faire apparaître, par la verbalisation, la perception des ressemblances entre textes premiers et textes seconds. Dans ce travail, la pensée de la traduction est donc moins une pensée produite consciemment par des individus que la pensée appartenant aux discours eux-mêmes et ne pouvant apparaître que dans<br>A study of the discourses on translation and pastiche in the 19th and 20th centuries serves as a basis to examine the archeology of translation thought in France and Italy, highlighting the radical difference between these neighbor territories. Articulating the political and linguistic histories of the two countries, this work aims to show how the linguistic imaginaries and sentiments which developed in French and Italian culture are responsible for shaping radically other perceptions of the à-traduire (‘yet-to-translate’).This work originates in a reading of what Foucault calls the “spoken structure of the perceived”: the discourses on translation and imitation which, through verbalization, render visible the perception of resemblances between original and second texts. In this thesis, the thinking of translation is less a consciously produced thinking than a thinking belonging to the discourses themselves, which can only appear in their circulation. A thinking that is also an epistemology
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Nielsen, Oskar. "Dazai på svenska : En kommenterad översättning av novellerna 走れメロス – Hashire Merosu (”Spring, Moerus!”) och 富嶽百景 – Fugaku Hyakkei (”Hundra vyer över Fuji”) av Osamu Dazai". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Tolk- och översättarinstitutet, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-117809.
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Denna uppsats består av två översättningar av den japanska författaren Osamu Dazais noveller Spring, Moerus! och Hundra vyer över Fuji från japanska till svenska samt en analys som ur ett litteratur-vetenskapligt perspektiv hjälper till att fastställa översättningsstrategin – att göra en adekvansinriktad och främmandegörande översättning. Översättningarna följs av en översättningsteoretisk kommentar som fokuserar på de tre problemområdena grammatik och lexikon, menings- och styckesstruktur samt passivering. Ett litteraturvetenskapligt perspektiv för källtextanalysen visar sig vara mycket tillämpbart för dessa texter på grund av deras genre, jag-romanen, som är typisk för japansk 1900-talslitteratur. Källtexterna och måltexterna finns med som bilagor.<br>This essay consists of two translations of the two Japanese short stories Hashire Merosu and Fugaku Hyakkei (in Swedish Spring Moerus! and Hundra vyer över Fuji) by the author Osamu Dazai from Japanese to Swedish. An analysis through a literary science perspective helps to establish the translation strategy, which is to make an adequate and foreignized translation. The translations are followed by a theoretical translation annotation which focuses on the issues of grammar and lexicon, sentence and paragraph structure along with the usage of the passive form. A literary science perspective on the source text analysis proves to be very applicable for these texts because of their genre, the I-novel, which is typical for 20th century Japanese literature. The source and target texts are available as appendixes at the end of the essay.
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Buonafina, Maria Tereza. "\"As ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis\', de Ugo Foscolo : análise acompanhada de tradução comentada e anotada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8148/tde-13082007-151702/.
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Ugo Foscolo (1778-1827), poeta neoclássico italiano, é considerado uma figura de relevo na Literatura Italiana e universal. Apesar disso, é muito pouco conhecido dos leitores de língua portuguesa. Foi precursor da prosa moderna italiana com um romance epistolar de caráter pré-romântico, Ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis, nunca traduzido para o português. O intuito desta dissertação é apresentar o autor ao público brasileiro, por meio desse romance. O trabalho conta com uma análise da obra, acompanhada de uma seleção de cartas traduzidas, comentadas e anotadas, levando em conta os aspectos históricos, literários, estilísticos e temáticos. No capítulo 1, tratamos da vida e obra do autor; em seguida, das Ultime lettere: seu conteúdo e crítica; no capítulo 2, das características do romance epistolar, do seu aspecto formal, dos temas que aparecem no romance, das obras e autores que o influenciaram, e que nele são mencionados; no capítulo 3, do trabalho e das idéias de Foscolo a respeito de tradução; dos critérios adotados nesta dissertação para a escolha e tradução das cartas que se encontram no final do volume. O critério para a tradução das cartas levou em conta idéias sugeridas pelo próprio Foscolo e discutidas no capítulo 3; recorreu-se também a várias edições da obra em italiano, a traduções para o inglês e espanhol, a dicionários especializados e à leitura de autores brasileiros e portugueses contemporâneos de Foscolo, com o objetivo de se produzir um texto que refletisse a linguagem da época. A tradução vem acompanhada de notas que visam esclarecer ao leitor alusões históricas e literárias e problemas textuais do romance<br>Ugo Foscolo (1778-1827), Italian classical poet, is considered to be an important name in both Italian and universal literature. Nevertheless he is almost unknown to the readers in Portuguese language. He was the precursor of modern Italian prose due to his epistolary novel Ultime lettere di Jacopo Ortis (Last Letters of Jacopo Ortis), a Pre-Romantic work never translated into Portuguese. The aim of this dissertation is to present, through this novel, the author to the Brazilian reader. It includes an analysis of the novel, followed by a selection of commented and annotated translated letters, considering their historical, literary, stylistics and thematic aspects. In the first chapter we discuss first the author´s life and work, and then Last Letters: its contents and the critics about it. In the second chapter we discuss the characteristic of the epistolary novel, its formal aspects, the themes inside the novel, the works and the authors that influenced it - and are mentioned in it. In the third chapter, we discuss Foscolo´s works and ideas on translation, the criterion adopted here to chose and translate the letters in the end of the volume. Our translation criterion is based on Foscolo´s ideas discussed in the third chapter. We also consulted several editions of the work in Italian, its English and Spanish translations and specialized dictionaries. We have read several Brazilian and Portuguese writers who lived in the same time as Foscolo with the aim of producing a text reflecting the language of Foscolo´s time. Following the translation there are notes explaining historical and literary allusions or textual difficulties of the novel