Dissertations / Theses: 'Translation theory'

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Smith, Kevin Gary. "Bible translation and relevance theory : the translation of Titus." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51636.

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Thesis (D.Litt.)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Relevance theory has seriously challenged the theoretical soundness of formal and functional equivalence as Bible translation methods. In Translation and relevance: Cognition and context, Gutt (1991) argued that relevance theory provides translators with the best available framework for understanding and practicing translation. In his effort to provide a comprehensive account of translation, he proposed two new approaches to translation: direct translation and indirect translation. He did not, however, develop direct and indirect translation into well-defined approaches to translation. This study explores the viability of direct and indirect translation as approaches to Bible translation. First, by applying insights drawn from relevance theory, it spells out the theoretical and practical implications of these approaches in an attempt to develop them into well-defined translation methods. The explication of the two new approaches shows how and why relevance theoretic approaches to translation differ from formal and functional equivalence. In addition to describing the general approach of direct and indirect translation, it also demonstrates how each approach handles specific translation issues such as figurative language, implicit information, ambiguity, and gender-biased language. Then, by using them to translate the epistle to Titus, the study tests the practical effectiveness of each new approach. This lengthy application yields many examples of how relevance theory provides translators with valuable guidance for making difficult translation decisions. It emphasises the need for translators to take measures to bridge the contextual gap between the source context and the receptor context, illustrating how this can be done by providing footnotes in a direct translation or by explicating implicit information in an indirect translation. The study closes with a brief assessment of the two new approaches and some suggestions for further research. The conclusions show both the value and the limitations of the results of this study.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Relevansieteorie bevraagteken ernstig die teoretiese basis van formele en funksionele ekwivalensie as metodes van Bybelvertaling. Gutt (1991) het in Translation and relevance: Cognition and context geargumenteer dat relevansieteorie vertalers voorsien van die beste beskikbare raamwerk vir die verstaan en beoefening van vertaling. In sy poging om 'n omvattende beskrywing van vertaling daar te stel, het hy twee nuwe benaderings voorgestel: direkte vertaling en indirekte vertaling. Hy het egter nie direkte en indirekte vertaling ontwikkel tot goed gedefinieerde benaderings tot vertaling nie. Hierdie studie ondersoek die lewensvatbaarheid van direkte en indirekte vertaling as benaderings tot Bybelvertaling. Eerstens word aan die hand van insigte ontleen aan relevansieteorie die teoretiese en praktiese implikasies van hierdie benaderings verken met die doel om dit te ontwikkel tot goed gedefineerde metodes van vertaling. Die uiteensetting van hierdie twee nuwe benaderings toon hoe en waarom relevansieteoretiese benaderings tot vertaling verskil van formele en funksionele ekwivalensie. Benewens 'n beskrywing van die algemene benadering van direkte en indirekte vertaling, demonstreer die uiteensetting hoe elke benadering spesifieke aangeleenthede soos beeldspraak, implisiete inligting, dubbelsinnigheid en gender-bevooroordeelde taal, in vertaalpraktyk hanteer. Vervolgens stel die ondersoek die praktiese effektiwiteit van elke nuwe benadering op die proef deur dit te gebruik om die brief aan Titus te vertaal. Hierdie omvangryke toepassing lewer verskeie voorbeelde waar relevansieteorie vertalers van waardevolle riglyne voorsien om moeilike besluite oor vertaling te maak. Dit benadruk die noodsaaklikheid vir vertalers om spesiale maatreels te tref om die kontekstuele gaping te oorbrug tussen die bronkonteks en die reseptorkonteks, en word geillustreer deur in 'n direkte vertaling voetnotas te gebruik en deur in 'n indirekte vertaling implisiete inligting eksplisiet te maak. Die ondersoek word afgesluit met 'n kort evaluering van die twee benaderings en met enkele voorstelle vir verdere navorsing. Die gevolgtrekking toon beide die waarde en die beperkings van die resultate van hierdie ondersoek.

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German, Helen. "Discourse in Eugene Nida's translation theory." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6926.

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The fields of discourse and translation are by no means new areas of study. However, it is only in recent years that discourse analysis has been applied directly to translation. The primary objective of this thesis is to show that discourse is now a key concept in Eugene A. Nida's translation theory by outlining the evolution of Nida's translation theory in general. Our secondary objectives include showing the influences of discourse-based linguistics on his writings, and highlighting the similarities and differences between Nida's writing on discourse and a number of other scholars' discourse-based translation theories. This thesis is divided into five main sections. The first section, discourse typology, presents the various text types as identified by Nida. The second section, rhetorical structure, analyzes discourse on the macrolevel, while the third section, rhetorical features, analyzes the study of discourse on the microlevel. The fourth section deals with rhetorical functions, that is, the effectiveness of the discourse or how it creates impact and appeal. And the fifth and final section is an application chapter where we analyze and translate a text according to Nida's discourse theory. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Harkusha, Dariia Ruslanivna. "Important issues of literary translation theory." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13189.

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Settle, Lori Louise. "From Bible to Babel Fish: The Evolution of Translation and Translation Theory." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42587.

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Translation, the transfer of the written word from one language to another, has a long history, and many important scholars have helped shape its perceptions, accepted processes, and theories. Machine translation, translation by computer software requiring little or no human input, is the latest movement in the translation field, a possible way for the profession to keep abreast of the enormous demand for scientific, business, and technical translations. This study examines MT by placing it in a historical context â first exploring the history of translation and translation theory, then following that explanation with one of machine translation, its problems, and its potential.
Master of Arts

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Conocimiento, Dirección de Gestión del. "Perspectives: Studies in Translation Theory and Practice." Taylor & Francis Group, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655374.

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Al, Ghannam Abdulaziz G. "IDEOLOGY IN MEDIA TRANSLATION: A CASE STUDY OF MEMRI's TRANSLATIONS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1573219601907084.

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Riedel, Marion, and Tino Schwarze. "Machine Translation (MT) - History, Theory, Problems and Usage." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-200100437.

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Pein, Annette. "Schiller and Zhukovsky : aesthetic theory in poetic translation /." Mainz : Liber Verl, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389501904.

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Cabrera, Molina J. de J. "English into Braille translation using augmented transition networks." Thesis, City University London, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373325.

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Cheung, Andrew. "Functional and foreignisation : applying skopos theory to bible translation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3547/.

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This thesis considers the practice of Bible translation from the perspective of contemporary translation studies and provides a fresh translation and accompanying commentary of aspects of Paul's Letter to the Romans. The emergence of functionalism, particularly skopos theory, in the latter part of the 20th century is seen as a key moment in the development of translation theory. The thesis argues that it has significant advantages over source text orientated approaches which have traditionally dominated Bible translation practice. An essential history documents this evolution of theoretical developments in translation study. The advantages of skopos theory over equivalence-based approaches are discussed with particular reference to Bible translation theory and the work of E. A. Nida. The functionalist approach increases the range of possible translations, with this thesis adopting a foreignising purpose in a new translation of Romans 1:1-15, 15:14-16:27. The foreignising approach owes its origins to F. Schleiermacher (popularised more recently by L. Venuti among others) and involves rendering a text so as to preserve or heighten the sense of otherness of the source text, thereby retaining something of the foreignness of the original. An accompanying commentary is provided to explain the translator's choices.

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Peres, Edna M. "The translation of ecological resilience theory into urban systems." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/56100.

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As an interdependent global society enters an era of unprecedented change, resulting from unforeseen natural and social disasters and vulnerabilities, the resilience of global cities to survive is a pressing concern. This dissertation aims to elucidate the application of resilience thinking by showing how ecological resilience concepts can translate into urban systems, using the capital of South Africa, Tshwane, as the exploration ground. Resilience simultaneously embodies the capacity of urban systems to bounce back, adapt or transform. Translating these concepts into a holistic urban resilience approach answers three questions: a) What is resilience theory? b) What are the core concepts of ecological resilience theory? and c) How might these concepts translate to cities? The dissertation is structured in three parts; to establish the basis of resilience thinking, explore ecological resilience concepts in an urban system and lastly, assimilate findings into an urban resilience approach. Qualitative along with historical-comparative research methods, guided literature studies, and interdisciplinary research designs generated the finding that ecological resilience concepts translate well into the urban system, but that urban resilience is not a panacea for the ills of the urban environment. An urban resilience approach could comprise a) evolutionary or adaptive urban resilience involving an ongoing study and observation of the city system; and b) transformative urban resilience, that actively changes systems that reflect stronger or weaker resilience, so as to purposefully regenerate or collapse? them. This requires responsible and holistic conduct. Urban resilience thinking implies an appreciation for the complexity that underlies life, and modesty about ambitions for managing it.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
tm2016
Architecture
PhD
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Wilmot, Natalie V., and Susanne Tietze. "Englishization and the Politics of Translation." Emerald, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18182.

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Yes
Purpose This article investigates the treatment of translation within the international business and management (IBM) literature in order to highlight colonialist assumptions inscribed in this treatment as a result of the hegemonic status of English. Design/methodology/approach This investigation takes the form of a systemic literature review to examine the treatment of translation in the IBM literature through a postcolonial lens Findings The findings demonstrate that despite growing interest in language in international business, matters of translation have received comparatively little attention. However, those articles which do address translation matters tend to do so in five key ways, including epistemological/methodological considerations, exploring translator agency, the investigations of the discursive void/conceptual fuzziness between languages, and approaches which discuss translation as social practice. Research limitations/implications Despite our critique of English language hegemony, our literature review is restricted to English-language journals, which we acknowledge as problematic and discuss within the article. Practical implications In exposing the limited treatment of translation within the literature, we provide a call to action for IBM scholars to be more explicit in their treatment of translation in order to ensure representation of cultural and linguistic Others, rather than providing domesticated accounts of multilingual research. Originality/value Although there have been other articles which have examined translation in the past, this article is the first to do so through a postcolonial lens, demonstrating from a linguistic perspective the colonialist assumptions which are still prevalent in IBM knowledge production as evidenced by the treatment of translation in the field.

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Kelly, James Christopher. "Toward a Deleuzean theory of translation : a translation of, and commentary on, 'A fuego eterno condenados'." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30980.

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This translation and commentary thesis presents a theory of literary translation based on the ideas of Gilles Deleuze, informed by and applied to a translation of parts 0, 1 and 2 of the novel A fuego eterno condenados (1994) by Chilean author Roberto Rivera Vicencio. Using an approach based on the iterative development of a theoretical framework and translation, it examines how specific translation problems from the text can contribute to and benefit from a translation theory based on the ideas of Deleuze. Analysing the work of Lawrence Venuti as indicative of a shift by Translation Studies from thinking of translation in terms of equivalence to thinking of it in terms of difference, the thesis builds on Venuti’s research, offering a systematic treatment of Deleuze’s earlier work to theorise translation as the production of simulacra in which the translator creates solutions in the domain of the Actual to a translation problem that exists in the Virtual. It then goes on to examine Deleuze’s later work, written in collaboration with F ́elix Guattari, to develop a conceptual framework based on the concept of the texture of prose derived from the principles of a minor, or nomad, science. This framework is used to address specific problems arising in the translation, deriving a series of practical techniques and considerations that can be used to create this kind of texture in the application of a Deleuzean theory of translation to literary texts.

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Melick, Christina M. "The Impact of Translation Theory on the Development of Contextual Theology." University of Toledo Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=uthonors1243909871.

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Lei, Sin I. Cindy. "Applying the equivalent theory to a translation project :Lore of Running into Chinese." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3954270.

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Benshalom, Yotam. "Performing translation : theatrical theory and its relevance to textual transfer." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/54366/.

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The fundamental similarity between translation and acting can be summarized by the words of translator Ralph Manheim: ‘translators are like actors: we speak lines by someone else’ (cited in Stavans 1998: 176). This common metaphor is a useful tool for translation practitioners and researchers. Although it cannot be fully exhausted, it can be further clarified, analysed and developed by looking into modern and pre-modern theories of theatrical performance, examining their compatibility and incompatibility with the world of translation practice and theory. The first chapter of this thesis deals with mimetic representation in translation and in performance. The issue of disguising oneself as someone else while performing or translating raises practical problems. They are discussed here in relation to the opposite approaches to acting suggested by Denis Diderot and Constantin Stanislavski. The following chapter deals with radical goals of theatrical and textual representations, and discusses ethical and political strategies in relation to Bertolt Brecht and Lawrence Venuti. The next chapter deals with spiritual and metaphysical goals of theatrical and textual representations, and discusses them in relation to Jerzi Grotowski and Walter Benjamin. The final chapter explores the common ground between theatrical space and norms of translation, and shows that in many ways, the use of theatrical space, confining performers yet channelling their communication with their spectators, functions in similar fashion to translation norms.

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Zhang, Xuan. "Hardware-based text-to-braille translation." Thesis, Curtin University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1351.

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Braille, as a special written method of communication for the blind, has been globally accepted for years. It gives blind people another chance to learn and communicate more efficiently with the rest of the world. It also makes possible the translation of printed languages into a written language which is recognisable for blind people. Recently, Braille is experiencing a decreasing popularity due to the use of alternative technologies, like speech synthesis. However, as a form of literacy, Braille is still playing a significant role in the education of people with visual impairments. With the development of electronic technology, Braille turned out to be well suited to computer-aided production because of its coded forms. Software based text-to-Braille translation has been proved to be a successful solution in Assistive Technology (AT). However, the feasibility and advantages of the algorithm reconfiguration based on hardware implementation have rarely been substantially discussed. A hardware-based translation system with algorithm reconfiguration is able to supply greater throughput than a software-based system. Further, it is also expected as a single component integrated in a multi-functional Braille system on a chip.Therefore, this thesis presents the development of a system for text-to-Braille translation implemented in hardware. Differing from most commercial methods, this translator is able to carry out the translation in hardware instead of using software. To find a particular translation algorithm which is suitable for a hardware-based solution, the history of, and previous contributions to Braille translation are introduced and discussed. It is concluded that Markov systems, a formal language theory, were highly suitable for application to hardware based Braille translation. Furthermore, the text-to-Braille algorithm is reconfigured to achieve parallel processing to accelerate the translation speed. Characteristics and advantages of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and application of Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) are introduced to explain how the translating algorithm can be transformed to hardware. Using a Xilinx hardware development platform, the algorithm for text-to-Braille translation is implemented and the structure of the translator is described hierarchically.

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Mazzotti, Elisa. "The translation of humour in the sitcom The Big Bang Theory." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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This paper sets out to analyse one of the greatest difficulties encountered when dubbing audiovisual products, namely the rendition of humour, with specific reference to the popular television show The Big Bang Theory and its Italian translation. Starting from a more general look into the field of audiovisual translation, as well as a short historical outline, particular attention will be paid to the process of dubbing, with an overview on the various stages of the process and the main difficulties involved. The second chapter will focus on the translation of culture and cultural references as well as the rendition of different types of humour, with particular mention to the issues related to cultural humour and wordplay. The third and last chapter will consist of a case study on The Big Bang Theory, focusing on some of the key aspects related to humour and how it was dubbed into Italian. Attention will be paid to the highly debated translations of instances of universal humour in the first season, followed by a closer look at how humour is translated when based on cultural identities, and lastly by examples of successful and unsuccessful translation of wordplay throughout the show.

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Büchse, Matthias. "Algebraic decoder specification: coupling formal-language theory and statistical machine translation." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-159266.

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The specification of a decoder, i.e., a program that translates sentences from one natural language into another, is an intricate process, driven by the application and lacking a canonical methodology. The practical nature of decoder development inhibits the transfer of knowledge between theory and application, which is unfortunate because many contemporary decoders are in fact related to formal-language theory. This thesis proposes an algebraic framework where a decoder is specified by an expression built from a fixed set of operations. As yet, this framework accommodates contemporary syntax-based decoders, it spans two levels of abstraction, and, primarily, it encourages mutual stimulation between the theory of weighted tree automata and the application.

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ALVES, REGYSANE BOTELHO CUTRIM. "TRANSLATION CRITICISM IN THEORY AND PRACTICE: THE CASE OF VERSÃO BRASILEIRA." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=13974@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O objetivo desta dissertação é melhor entender a crítica de traduções na teoria e na prática. Para isso, ela apresenta os modelos de avaliação de tradução propostos por Katharina Reiss, Juliane House e Antoine Berman e, a seguir, analisa as críticas de tradução literária publicadas na coluna Versão Brasileira da revista Língua Portuguesa. A fim de enriquecer o estudo proposto, são rapidamente descritas algumas críticas de tradução literária publicadas no Brasil anteriormente à revista. Os comentários de Gabriel Perissé, autor de Versão Brasileira, discutem questões tradutórias e indicam que esse tipo de crítica pode ser realizado com qualidade no contexto jornalístico, apesar das limitações de espaço e tempo. As críticas da coluna atendem em vários aspectos as orientações teóricas que funcionam como parâmetro para a análise; além disso, são inovadoras na medida em que convidam o leitor a participar das críticas desenvolvidas em cada coluna.
This thesis aims at better understanding translation criticism in theory and practice. In order to achieve this goal, it presents the translation evaluation models developed by Katharina Reiss, Juliane House and Antoine Berman and, afterwards, it analyses the literary translation critiques that are published in the column Versão Brasileira by Língua Portuguesa magazine. To enrich the proposed study some literary critiques that were published in Brazil before the magazine are briefly described. Commentaries written by Gabriel Perissé, author of Versão Brasileira, discuss translation issues and indicate that this kind of criticism can be done with quality in the journalistic environment, in spite of time and space limitations. The critiques in the column answer several aspects from the theoretical guidelines that have worked as the analysis parameters; besides this, they are innovative in so far as they invite the reader to participate in the criticism developed in each column.

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Nazarenko, O., Y. Zakharchenko, and M. Cvelich. "Problems of theory of translation in the light of intercultural cooperation." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/40019.

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Nowadays there are a lot of theoretical and aesthetic problems of theory of translation in the light of contemporary processes of globalization of social and communicative links. The problems of Ukrainian cultural space, narrowing of lexical layers and the interrelation of theory and practice of literary translation are of considerable importance.

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Artigiani, Mauro. "Some aspects of diophantine approximation and ergodic theory of translation surfaces." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702866.

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This thesis deals with two different topics. In the first part we study Lagrange spectra of Veech translation surfaces, which are a generalisation of the classical Lagrange spectrum. We show that any such Lagrange spectrum contains a Hall ray. We start from the concrete example given by the surface obtained glueing a regular octagon. We use the coding developed by Smillie and Ulcigrai for the surfaces obtained glueing the regular 2ɳ-gons to code geodesics in the Teichmiiller disk of the octagon and prove a formula which allows to express large values in the Lagrange spectrum as sums of Cantor sets. In particular this yields an estimate on the beginning point of the Hall ray. Generalising the approach of the octagon, in a joint work with Luca Marchese and Corinna Ulcigrai, we prove the existence of a Hall ray for the Lagrange spectrum of any Veech translation surface. In this case, we use the boundary expansion developed by Bowen and Series. In the second part, we construct exceptional examples of ergodic vertical flows in periodic configurations of Eaton lenses of fixed radius. We achieve this by studying a family of infinite translation surfaces that are Z²-covers of slit tori. We show that the Hausdorff dimension of lattices for which the vertical flow is ergodic is bigger than 3/2. Moreover, the lattices are explicitly constructed. iii

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Wang, Yi Ming. "Graph-based data selection for statistical machine translation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2017. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3691542.

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Sabaté, Carrové Mariona. "Towards a theory of translation pedagogy based on computer-assisted translation tools for Catalan and English non literary texts." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8115.

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This dissertation aims to propose an approach to translation pedagogy along two main guidelines: a) evaluating the traditional approaches to translation pedagogy with a view to designing a more ecclectic approach b) implementing computer-assisted tools to translation pedagogy based on classroom and other experimental activities.

The ecclectic approach proposed in this dissertation highlights the importance of including computers in teaching translation and other computer-assisted tools (machine translation, translation memories such as Trados') to improve the students' performance and preparation for professional translation.

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Sebnem, Susam-Sarajeva. "Translation and travelling theory : the role of translation in the migration of literary theories across culture and power differentials." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508273.

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Bullock, Mercedes. "Translating “Lunokhod”: Textual Order, Chaos and Relevance Theory." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40981.

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This thesis examines the concepts of textual order and chaos, and how Relevance Theory can be used to translate texts that do not adhere to conventional textual practices. Relevance Theory operates on the basis of presumed order in communication. Applying it to disordered communicative acts provides an opportunity and vocabulary to describe how communication can break down, and the consequences this can have for translation. This breakdown of order, which I am terming a ‘chaos principle’, will be examined through the lens of a Russian-language short story called “Lunokhod”, a story in which textual order, as described by Relevance Theory, breaks down. In this thesis, I first lay out several translation challenges presented by my corpus, discuss each with reference to Relevance Theory, and examine the implications for translation through sample translation segments. This deconstruction section argues that conventional translation methods fail to properly address the challenges of my corpus. Next comes a reconstruction section, in which I develop a theoretical framework for my translation that has roots in Relevance Theory but that frees the translation from the constraints imposed by an ordered view of communication. Finally, I present the translation itself.

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Saers, Markus. "Translation as Linear Transduction : Models and Algorithms for Efficient Learning in Statistical Machine Translation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-135704.

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Automatic translation has seen tremendous progress in recent years, mainly thanks to statistical methods applied to large parallel corpora. Transductions represent a principled approach to modeling translation, but existing transduction classes are either not expressive enough to capture structural regularities between natural languages or too complex to support efficient statistical induction on a large scale. A common approach is to severely prune search over a relatively unrestricted space of transduction grammars. These restrictions are often applied at different stages in a pipeline, with the obvious drawback of committing to irrevocable decisions that should not have been made. In this thesis we will instead restrict the space of transduction grammars to a space that is less expressive, but can be efficiently searched. First, the class of linear transductions is defined and characterized. They are generated by linear transduction grammars, which represent the natural bilingual case of linear grammars, as well as the natural linear case of inversion transduction grammars (and higher order syntax-directed transduction grammars). They are recognized by zipper finite-state transducers, which are equivalent to finite-state automata with four tapes. By allowing this extra dimensionality, linear transductions can represent alignments that finite-state transductions cannot, and by keeping the mechanism free of auxiliary storage, they become much more efficient than inversion transductions. Secondly, we present an algorithm for parsing with linear transduction grammars that allows pruning. The pruning scheme imposes no restrictions a priori, but guides the search to potentially interesting parts of the search space in an informed and dynamic way. Being able to parse efficiently allows learning of stochastic linear transduction grammars through expectation maximization. All the above work would be for naught if linear transductions were too poor a reflection of the actual transduction between natural languages. We test this empirically by building systems based on the alignments imposed by the learned grammars. The conclusion is that stochastic linear inversion transduction grammars learned from observed data stand up well to the state of the art.

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Boykin, Charles Martin. "The Study of Translation Equivalence on Integer Lattices." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4345/.

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This paper is a contribution to the study of countable Borel equivalence relations on standard Borel spaces. We concentrate here on the study of the nature of translation equivalence. We study these known hyperfinite spaces in order to gain insight into the approach necessary to classify certain variables as either being hyperfinite or not. In Chapter 1, we will give the basic definitions and examples of spaces used in this work. The general construction of marker sets is developed in this work. These marker sets are used to develop several invariant tilings of the equivalence classes of specific variables . Some properties that are equivalent to hyperfiniteness in the certain space are also developed. Lastly, we will give the new result that there is a continuous injective embedding from certain defined variables.

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Virkkala, Nina, and Susanna Myllyvainio. "Corporate Social Responsibility: : a concept under translation in China." Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Business, Economics, Statistics and Informatics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1045.

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The starting point of this thesis is the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China. CSR can certainly not solve all of the social and environmental problems, but we believe that it can play a part, which is why we find it interesting to study the status quo of the concept in China. The research question of the thesis is “How is CSR depicted in China?”. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe Chinese views of CSR and analyze the differences between these views and CSR, as it is commonly understood in the West, in order to contribute to a better understanding of the CSR concept in China. We spent ten weeks in China conducting a qualitative case study. We interviewed companies, academics and governmental and non-governmental organisations, within the CSR area in China. Our material was then categorised into five views of CSR, where CSR is depicted as:

- CSR as labour law compliance

- CSR as law enforcement

- CSR as codes of conduct compliance

- CSR as a PR exercise

- CSR with Chinese characteristics

In addition to describe these views, we set out to analyze the differences between these views, and CSR as understood in the West. When analyzing the views we have mainly departed from CSR theory and translation theory. The main differences can be seen when it comes to the, from a Western point of view, limited scope of corporate responsibility, the lack of stakeholder dialogue, the lack of consideration for environmental issues, and in the concept of a harmonious society, which is not a part of CSR in the West. CSR with Chinese characteristics still seems to be an aspiration they are striving for, while the other four views rather are different aspects of the problems related to CSR in China at present. Our views are examples of how CSR has been translated in China, but none of them seems to be a suitable option for the further development of the concept. Put together, these views give a quite negative image of CSR in China, and it comes forth as rather ineffective. If the concept is going to have any impact on the social and environmental problems in China there is a need for further research. The development of the concept needs to be in accordance with the realities of the Chinese society, addressing the problems in the society as well as the problems with the concept.

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Giardina, Eleonora. "Gaelic Literature in Translation: the Effect of English Within and Beyond the Contact Zone The Case of Italian Translations." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17620/.

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In un contesto di lingue minoritarie, come nel caso del gaelico scozzese, la traduzione letteraria verso lingue maggioritarie può avere una natura ambivalente: se da un lato garantisce la diffusione di una letteratura altrimenti isolata, dall’altro potrebbe perpetuare degli squilibri di potere che spesso caratterizzano i rapporti tra la cultura dominante e la cultura minoritaria. Se questo è specialmente vero nella traduzione dal gaelico all’inglese, lingua la cui espansione è avvenuta a scapito della cultura gaelica, è possibile che anche nelle traduzioni italiane, prodotte generalmente tramite la versione inglese, tali squilibri vengano riconfermati. Nella presente tesi verranno analizzate le circostanze che hanno portato alla minoritizzazione del gaelico, individuando certe dinamiche riconducibili al postcolonialismo. Si commenterà il dibattito prettamente scozzese sulle più comuni pratiche di traduzione e pubblicazione utilizzate nell’editoria gaelica, adottando una prospettiva che mutua dai Minority Translation Studies, secondo cui la traduzione, se usata correttamente, può essere uno strumento capace di invertire il declino di una lingua minoritaria. Infine, si analizzeranno le risposte dei poeti gaelici e dei traduttori che ne hanno reso le opere fruibili in Italia. La ricerca svelerà che le attuali pratiche editoriali riguardanti la poesia gaelica, spesso a favore di un pubblico anglofono, non rispecchiano la diversità di posizioni degli autori intervistati, e dunque si raccomanderà l’adozione di pratiche per un panorama editoriale più rappresentativo. Lo studio mostrerà anche come, nonostante i traduttori italiani abbiano generalmente adottato strategie per compensare la scarsa conoscenza del gaelico, maggiore consapevolezza e ulteriori strategie siano necessarie affinché le pratiche traduttive e editoriali in Italia possano essere il più possibile vantaggiose alla promozione e alla rivitalizzazione della lingua, della letteratura e della cultura gaeliche.

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Zhang, Xuan. "Hardware-based text-to-braille translation." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Computer Engineering, 2007. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17220.

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Braille, as a special written method of communication for the blind, has been globally accepted for years. It gives blind people another chance to learn and communicate more efficiently with the rest of the world. It also makes possible the translation of printed languages into a written language which is recognisable for blind people. Recently, Braille is experiencing a decreasing popularity due to the use of alternative technologies, like speech synthesis. However, as a form of literacy, Braille is still playing a significant role in the education of people with visual impairments. With the development of electronic technology, Braille turned out to be well suited to computer-aided production because of its coded forms. Software based text-to-Braille translation has been proved to be a successful solution in Assistive Technology (AT). However, the feasibility and advantages of the algorithm reconfiguration based on hardware implementation have rarely been substantially discussed. A hardware-based translation system with algorithm reconfiguration is able to supply greater throughput than a software-based system. Further, it is also expected as a single component integrated in a multi-functional Braille system on a chip.
Therefore, this thesis presents the development of a system for text-to-Braille translation implemented in hardware. Differing from most commercial methods, this translator is able to carry out the translation in hardware instead of using software. To find a particular translation algorithm which is suitable for a hardware-based solution, the history of, and previous contributions to Braille translation are introduced and discussed. It is concluded that Markov systems, a formal language theory, were highly suitable for application to hardware based Braille translation. Furthermore, the text-to-Braille algorithm is reconfigured to achieve parallel processing to accelerate the translation speed. Characteristics and advantages of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), and application of Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) are introduced to explain how the translating algorithm can be transformed to hardware. Using a Xilinx hardware development platform, the algorithm for text-to-Braille translation is implemented and the structure of the translator is described hierarchically.

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Laurer, Janin. "The translation of song lyrics in popular music : German lyrics and their translation into English." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-79882.

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This study investigates the translation of song lyrics and presents an analysis of translation outcomes. While the majority of previous studies regarding song translation focuses on the translation of lyrics from musicals and operas, this study focuses on the translation of popular song lyrics. The lyrics of eight German songs and their English versions were analysed using the approximation approach (Franzon 2009) which divides smaller textual units into the categories paraphrase, metaphrase and addition. The target texts (henceforth TT) were also categorised according to Peter Low’s (2013) song translation categories, translation, adaptation and replacement text. The aim of this study is to determine to what degree the meaning of the source texts (henceforth ST) is transferred into the TTs and to determine how Franzon’s approximation approach can be used to determine if the TTs are translations, adaptations, or replacement texts. This study found that all TTs were mostly made up of paraphrases and metaphrases, which means that all TT derived to most parts directly from the STs i.e. the TT was written using mostly direct and oblique translations. Due to the low frequency of additions and all significant details of the STs being transferred into the TTs, all song translations analysed in this study were categorised as translations.

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Quernheim, Daniel. "Bimorphism Machine Translation." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-223667.

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The field of statistical machine translation has made tremendous progress due to the rise of statistical methods, making it possible to obtain a translation system automatically from a bilingual collection of text. Some approaches do not even need any kind of linguistic annotation, and can infer translation rules from raw, unannotated data. However, most state-of-the art systems do linguistic structure little justice, and moreover many approaches that have been put forward use ad-hoc formalisms and algorithms. This inevitably leads to duplication of effort, and a separation between theoretical researchers and practitioners. In order to remedy the lack of motivation and rigor, the contributions of this dissertation are threefold: 1. After laying out the historical background and context, as well as the mathematical and linguistic foundations, a rigorous algebraic model of machine translation is put forward. We use regular tree grammars and bimorphisms as the backbone, introducing a modular architecture that allows different input and output formalisms. 2. The challenges of implementing this bimorphism-based model in a machine translation toolkit are then described, explaining in detail the algorithms used for the core components. 3. Finally, experiments where the toolkit is applied on real-world data and used for diagnostic purposes are described. We discuss how we use exact decoding to reason about search errors and model errors in a popular machine translation toolkit, and we compare output formalisms of different generative capacity.

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Keim, Robert. "Words That Weave a Reality Reborn: Performative Language and the Theory of Poetic Translation." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1607547589681778.

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Ishov, Zakhar [Verfasser]. ""Post-horse of civilisation" - Joseph Brodsky translating Joseph Brodsky : towards a new theory of Russian-English poetry translation / Zakhar Ishov." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1023579340/34.

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Harden, Samantha M. "Group Dynamics in Physical Activity Promotion: Research, Theory & Practice." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/38690.

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The use of group dynamics principles such as group goal-setting, distinctiveness and cohesion has been the basis of a burgeoning area of physical activity (PA) promotion. Recent reviews of literature suggest that these interventions are robust and increase PA in a wide variety of populations. Still, a number of questions remain unanswered in the areas of theory development, intervention implementation, and translation of research into practice. This dissertation includes a series of manuscripts that focus on research, theory, and practice of group dynamics interventions intended to promote PA. Within research, a systematic review of literature explores group dynamics-based PA interventions in terms of generalizability (through RE-AIM evaluation) and the degree to which the interventions use research techniques that are more pragmatic (reflect typical practice) or more explanatory (testing under optimal conditions). This exploration is based on an initial review of 17 interventions that employ group dynamics strategies to increase PA, fitness, and/or adherence. The results suggest that this body of literature includes a range of pragmatic and explanatory trials, but still has gaps in reporting related to external validity. Embedded within the context of a PA promotion program for minority women, the second manuscript addresses a theory-based questionâ to what degree do group-interaction variables (cooperation, communication, and competition) differentially predict group cohesion over time. The results suggest that friendly competition is the strongest and most consistent predictor of different dimensions of group cohesion while task and socially related communication are consistent predictors of task and socially related cohesion, respectively. Two manuscripts are included in addressing the use of group dynamics principles within practice settings. The first practice manuscript details a small pilot study in which obese, limited income women successfully (p<0.05) limited gestational weight gain to the Institute of Medicine (2009) recommendation of 11-20 pounds. This study attempted to integrate a group dynamics approach into a group visit model for pregnant women. The quantitative findings were promising, but qualitative findings indicated a number of difficulties in implementation. The purpose of the final manuscript was to determine the attributes of the program agents consider when deciding to adopt a PA and fruit and vegetable promotion program and their understanding of key strategies related to group dynamics theory. Delivery agents were able to identify key underlying principles and propose adaptations that align with those principles.
Ph. D.

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Moros, Edgar Andrés. "Challenging traditional notions of theory and practice in translator training and in the history of translation studies two exemplary cases /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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Torstensson, Elisabeth. "Translating culture- specific phenomena and names from English to Swedish : A case study of a walking guide text." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20422.

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The present study discusses some of the culture-specific and name issues encountered during a translation from English into Swedish of the walking guide Leisure walks for all ages - The Lake District. Peter Newmark’s model of translation procedures forms the basis for the analysis and a variety of his translation procedures are examined in relation to the two specific aspects – culture-specific phenomena and names. The results show in reference to culture-specific phenomena that whenever a cultural word in the source text did not seem to have an established translation in the target language, either the cultural equivalent-, functional equivalent-, descriptive equivalent- or the additions translation procedure were used. With reference to names, Newmark’s transference translation procedure was used. If the name merely served as a label or was likely to be understood by the target reader transference alone was used. However, when the purpose of the name was to explain the way or a place, or if it was likely that the geographical feature might be unknown to the target reader, transference was used with a classifier. : culture,

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Boberg, Per. "Translating Political Text : Cultural and Stylistic Aspects of Translating the American Republican Party's 2004 Political Platform." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2375.

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The present paper discusses the cultural and stylistic issues in the translation of a part of the 2004 Republican Party Platform. Political text in American English and Swedish is in focus, and translation examples are accounted for and categorised according to Vinay & Darbelnet’s (1995) system theory of translation procedures. The conclusion is that cultural issues caused fewer problems than stylistic ones when the Republican Party Platform 2004 was translated.

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Masson, Renée. "Negotiating a Punctuated Landscape: A Study of Asyndetic Translation Based on Relevance Theory." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37108.

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Little thought has been given to asyndeton in modern texts, including the translated text. In fact, if manuals on French-to-English translation even mention this troublesome case of punctuation, they almost certainly warn the student translator against replicating it in English, even in literary translation. Writing norms would forbid it, they warn. It would be taken as merely a sloppy case of comma use. Although asyndeton is typically considered a faux pas in English, replicating it may not always be a mistake. Inspired by Québécoise author Catherine Harton’s Traité des peaux (an especially asyndetic collection of short stories published in 2015), this thesis aims to study how asyndeton may be successfully translated from French into English in literary texts. To do so, it adopts Sperber and Wilson’s relevance theory, noting how this theory not only accounts for poetic effects but also provides a principle that can guide translators as they seek to replicate these effects. This thesis then uses relevance theory to analyze cases of asyndeton drawn from three stories in Harton’s collection. The study concludes that there are at least six cases where asyndeton may be effectively translated as asyndeton in literary texts.

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Wolf, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Weakest Relative Precondition Semantics : Balancing Approved Theory and Realistic Translation Verification / Andreas Wolf." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2001. http://d-nb.info/1080332499/34.

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Gledhill, John Richard Morton. "Strategies in translation a comparison of the Helen Lowe-Porter and David Luke translations of Thomas Mann's Tonio Kröger, Tristan and Der Tod in Venedig within the context of contemporary translation theory /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971814414.

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Tedebo, Niklas. "Att överföra och översätta lean : En fallstudie av Södertälje kommuns leaninförande." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30380.

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Lean has during the past two decades grown to become a worldwide management concept. The purpose of lean is mainly to create value for customers and reduce the downtime for organizations. It origins from the automotive industry and was firstly introduced by Toyota. The concept eventually caught on and spread to other industries, service businesses and most recently to the public sector. A few years ago municipalities in Sweden introduced lean in their organizations and used it as a solution to many of their operational challenges. However, research suggests that the knowledge within the field of lean in the context of municipalities is limited. The study was designed as a single case study of the municipality Södertälje which was one of the first municipalities to adopt the concept of lean. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with key individuals in Södertälje municipality who had been a part of the introduction of lean or in some way influenced the process. In addition, interviews were held with middle managers who were currently working with lean. Furthermore, text documents such as decisions, objectives and budget documents provided by Södertälje municipality were also analyzed. To get a better understanding of how lean can be used in the context of municipalities the aim of this study was to examine how Södertälje municipality introduced lean, how it was applied and which forms the concept has taken. More specific the study has used institutional and translational theory to investigate how lean has been transferred and translated from the private- to the public context. The empirical data was analyzed through two phases. The first phase was decontextualization which was used to understand how lean was differentiated from the private context by the municipality. The second phase was contextualization which has been used to see how Södertälje municipality introduced lean in their organization and how they interpreted the concept. The findings suggest that the municipality had a problem-oriented approach where lean was considered a possible solution. To transfer lean, Södertälje municipality first recruited Robert Kusén, an executive from Scania, to “carry out” his knowledge and experience from working with lean. Second, the management of the municipality visited Scania and the social district in Copenhagen to “bring in” knowledge about the lean concept. Therefore, the municipality partly used organizational arenas in the same sector and partly organizational arenas in a different and more distant sector than the municipality. The study conclude that the contexts included in the transfer of a concept affects the translation. To translate the concept of lean, Södertälje municipality applied “the translation hierarchical chain” with few exceptions. Further, the municipality developed their lean philosophy and what they thought about lean by what they call “Växthuset”. By doing this and by interlocking lean with their existing vision and values, enrollment rules were used to establish lean in the local context. Using pilot projects also helped creating local references to the idea. Furthermore the municipality used specific rules for translating and reshaping lean. The mainly emphasized instrument was imitation, but there have also been indicators of addition and subtraction. This was expressed through the political context which narrowed the use of long-sightedness and instead resulted in a focus on democratic aspects. The municipality’s use of lean was from the beginning intended to include the entire organization but had instead mainly been practiced by the social welfare department. The poor adaption was largely caused by a lack of interest from the personnel and because key stakeholder had left the organization or had been replaced.

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Tung, Anne An-Yi Lin. "A Study Of Lu-Pitch Name Signification: A Translation with Commentary." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500549/.

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The purpose of this thesis is to provide translation of documents on lu from two primary sources for a study of the theory of ,lu, with the main focus on the interpretation and the signification attached to each of the twelve lu-pitch names. To establish the background information of the lu-10 system, an explanation of its acoustical properties is first presented. Based on the most important and widely used tonal system in ancient China -- the san-fen-sun-i system, the illustration is provided for the process of tone generation. Methods proposed by the main theorists who engaged in the discussion of the system of lu are presented. The introduction of the concept of yin and yang in reference to the twelve lu and the signification of the lu-lu system in relation to the human and natural world will also be discussed. The main body of this study is devoted to the translation of written references on the meaning of the twelve lu. The first part is the translation of the selected passages from The Anthology of the Historical Document of Ancient Chinese Music. edited by Tsai-Ping Liang; the second part is the translation of a modern exegesis from an article written by Deh-I Liu. This translation offers a perspective to understand the concept of l-pitch names from the ancient points of view in relation to philosophy, education, religion, and science.

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Filali, Karim. "Multi-dynamic Bayesian networks for machine translation and NLP /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6857.

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McIntosh, Heather. "Organizational Crisis Communication Translated in the Networked Society." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37703.

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Between approximately September 1, 2012 and February 1, 2014, the popular Canadian fashion retailer Lululemon Athletica Inc. faced an organizational crisis due to quality management problems. Beginning with manufacturing complications, the quality issues expressed themselves through various crisis symptoms (e.g., financial issues, legal issues, and senior leadership turmoil). The organization enacted crisis communication strategies to mitigate reputational risk and to inform the public and its stakeholders about the crisis. The news media also reported on the crisis extensively, which contributed to the public and stakeholders’ perceptions of the company and crisis. This dissertation draws on theories of narrative, translation, communication and media, and crisis communication to develop a theoretical foundation to guide the goals of this study. It is based on theories that conceptualize textual journalism as a process of both intralingual and interdiscursive translation that results in new narratives for the purpose of news media content creation. A qualitative content analysis informed by principles of critical discourse analysis is conducted to examine the narration of the crisis as depicted in the company’s textual communication about the crisis (e.g., press releases, annual reports), and the depiction of the crisis as narrated in textual media reports about the organization’s crisis. The two information streams are first analyzed individually to extract the main themes and sub-themes presented. Based on these analyses, a comparison of the two different information streams and their respective crisis narratives is conducted. The project investigates the ways in which the media translated information about the crisis to create their own narratives of the crisis. The findings of this dissertation show the process through which translation occurs, namely the linguistic and discursive variance between these two information streams. An analysis of the patterns in the linguistic and discursive variance between these two information streams indicates how the different social contexts in which each information stream is embedded may have impacted how the translation/journalism process occurs.

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Noriega-Rivero, Gerardo. "La carrera de Letras Inglesas en el cuidado editorial." Thesis, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64907.

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Halliday, Iain. "Pinocchio and Huckleberry Finn in translation : between theory and praxis, between hubris and humility." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429719.

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Kaelbling, Michael John. "Braced languages and a model of translation for context-free strings : theory and practice /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487584612166164.

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Stecconi, Ubaldo. "The foundation of a theory of translation built on the semiotics of C.S. Peirce." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446123/.

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Translation studies is a young discipline in search of a sound theoretical basis. In the past half century, translation scholars have turned to linguistics (general linguistics, discourse analysis, corpus linguistics), game theory, comparative literature, cultural studies, cognitive sciences, and memetics just to cite the main approaches. As a result, translation studies is clearly emerging as an interdiscipline, yet there seems to be no consensus on the core question: "what do we talk about when we talk about translation" The present study puts forward Peirce's semiotics as a theory around which such consensus may be found. My starting hypothesis is that all translation is semiosis but not all semiosis is translation ie, translating is a special case of sign-action which occurs under conditions of its own. I will test this hypothesis using insights from Peirce's semiotic writings. My main conclusion is a two-layered model: the outer layer brings together what I call the Foundation of translation, translation events, and translation norms. Following Peirce's metaphysics, these elements correspond to the firstness, secondness and thirdness of translation semiosis. The inner layer zooms in on the Foundation. There, another triad can be found: similarity, difference, and mediation. These characters are the logico-semiotic conditions that would allow one to trace an edge for translating among other forms of sign-action. The latter part of this work explores the phenomenology of translation. Key notions from Relevance theory are used to sketch a general theory of translators' intentions. Upon interpreting translated signs, one may attribute three classes of intentions to a translator: a desire to play interpres, motives for the translation project, and a translation strategy. This leads to a discussion of translation agency. The proposal to replace 'wave' to 'transfer' as the core trope for translation rounds up the present work.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Translation theory'

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