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Journal articles on the topic 'Translations from Korean'
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1
Cho, Sang-Eun. "Translator’s Creativity found in the Process of Japanese-Korean Translation*." Meta 51, no. 2 (2006): 378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013263ar.
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Abstract It has been commonly understood (in Korea) that Japanese and Korean’s linguistic similarities make Japanese-Korean translation easier than translations from other languages into Korean. However, this does not concur with the fact that Japanese-Korean translations are not better compared to other language combinations from the readers’ point of view. This might be due to the problem of translationese caused by language interference, but the present research zooms in on translator’s ‘creativity’ and observes the effects of translator’s creativity on translation quality. The method of research involves analyzing transcriptions gathered through Think Aloud Protocol (TAP) from thirteen professional translators for the purpose of evaluating the strategies used by the translators and examining the occurrence of shift. The research confirms that Japanese-Korean translator creativity is restricted, and such result demonstrates the need for scholars and educators in translation education to recognize and appreciate the concept of creativity and to devise new educational approaches for nurturing creativity.
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Poupaud, Sandra, Anthony Pym, and Ester Torres Simón. "Finding Translations. On the Use of Bibliographical Databases in Translation History." Meta 54, no. 2 (2009): 264–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037680ar.
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Abstract In any study of translations one must first decide what is to be counted as a “translation” and how such things are to be found, usually through recourse to bibliographical databases. We propose that, starting from the maximalist view that translations are potentially everywhere, various distribution processes impose a series of selective filters thanks to which some translations are more easily identified and accessible than others. The study of translation must be aware of these prior filters, and must know how to account for them, and sometimes how to overcome them. Research processes then necessarily impose their own selective filters, which may reduce or extend the number and kinds of translations given by prior filters. We present three research projects where the play of prior and research filters is very different. For one-off large-scale relational hypotheses, the Index Translationum is found to be relatively cost-efficient. For more detailed objects such as translation flows from Spanish into French in a specific period, a book-industry database offers significant advantages. And for a study marked by a paucity of texts, as is the case of translation from Korean into English following the Korean War, a combination of databases is necessary, the most useful turning out to be Amazon.
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Chang, Junghee. "The State of Translation and Language Studies in Korea." Korean Linguistics 12 (January 1, 2004): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.12.08jc.
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Abstract. Translation and language studies in Korea have been very much influenced by the political and social changes in the country, which in turn affected by its geopolitical positioning. Although each stage of the developments in the language and translation shares the very influence of the social, political and economical changes in the country, language studies and Translation in Korea seem to have developed independently of each other. From Ancient Korea to the present day, language has been through many different developmental stages, from the borrowing from Old Chinese to the invention of hankul. As for translation activities, neighboring countries such as China and Japan have played a key role in the development of translation. They are the source of translation needs, as well as the indirect source of translation from other languages. This paper will give an overview of the history of Korean language and translations of Korean � translation both to and from Korean � by sketching the nation's history. It, however, does not aim to evaluate the relationship between the development of the language study and the translation activities. Rather, it aims to present a historical account of the two.
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Wook-Dong, Kim. "Lost in translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 63, no. 5 (2017): 729–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00006.woo.
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Abstract This paper explores how translation of foreign film titles has been carried out in South Korea since foreign films first arrived in Korea following its emancipation from Japanese colonial rule. With reference to audiovisual translation in general and film or screen translation in particular, this paper discusses the extent of the mistakes made by Korean translators due to a lack of thorough contextual knowledge of the source language and culture. Most Korean translations of foreign films result in strange, surreal, and at best funny adaptations. Discussion regarding “bad,” total, or almost total mistranslations focuses on (1) words with multiple meanings (homonyms and heteronyms); (2) slang and colloquial expressions; (3) words with culturally specific features; and (4) proper nouns and common nouns. This paper concludes that in an era of globalization, film title translation in Korea increasingly shows a trend towards transliteration rather than translation – either literal or liberal.
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Seo-Reich, Heejung. "Four Approaches to Daodejing Translations and Their Characteristics in Korean after Liberation from Japan." Religions 13, no. 10 (2022): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13100998.
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This article gathered and analyzed the Daodejing (DDJ) translations in Korean that appeared after the liberation from Japan and classified them into four perspectives: the perspective continuing Gyeonghak 經學 (Traditional Confucian exegetics), the literary and linguistic perspective, the religious perspective, and the philosophical perspective according to the academic perspective and methodology of translation. Simultaneously, this paper clarified the translation characteristics by comprehensively examining the formation process of each perspective in their historical contexts. Although Daoism had been excluded from the academic curriculum during the pre-liberation era along with Buddhism as heresy, it was later hastily embraced within the category of Oriental Studies to build a cultural consensus when the modern and contemporary educational system was established. In the post-liberation era, the formation of each DDJ translation perspective is directly related to the academic status of Daoism during the modernization of the Korean educational system—a process in which the years 1990 and 2015 stand out as essential turning points. The characteristics of DDJ translations in Korean can be analyzed from five perspectives depending on the Ur-text, ideological perspective, linguistic methodology, national characteristics, and relation to Christianity.
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YU, Jaejin. "The Popularity of Japanese Mystery Novels in South Korea ：The Traslation Status from1945 to the 2010s." Border Crossings: The Journal of Japanese-Language Literature Studies 13, no. 1 (2021): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22628/bcjjl.2021.13.1.39.
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This paper gives an overview of the reception of translated Japanese detective novels in South Korea from 1945 to 2021. The resulting analysis of the impact and characteristics of these translations, in the context of changes in Korean publishing and in popular culture, explains the popularity of Japanese detective novels in South Korea, and the significance of the still-current Japanese detective novel boom. Previously I have analyzed the reception of translated Japanese detective novels in South Korea from 1945 to 2009, so in this article, I will continue this analysis for the period up to 2021.The translation and publication of Japanese detective novels in South Korea began in 1961, and the number of such texts increased little by little every year until the end of the 20th century. Then, in the 2000s, the number of translations increased sharply, and since the beginning of the 2010s, detective novels have been translated and published at nearly three times the rate as was previously the case. The popularity of Japanese detective novels in South Korea has been influenced by the prevailing circumstances in the publishing world and by political and social conditions in South Korea. In addition, detective novels with a social dimension were popular from the 1960s to the 1980s, but since 1990 when they began to make an impact on mass consumer culture, more diverse detective novels and those with lighter themes have come to the fore. Finally, the unprecedented Japanese detective novel boom Korea is experiencing is due to the appearance of star writers such as Keigo Higashino and Miyuki Miyabe. This boom seems to have cultivated a more refined sense in Korean readers of the aesthetics of detective novels, and it has also been naturally influenced by the mystery narrative form in Korean popular culture.
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Hwang, Yongkeun, Yanghoon Kim, and Kyomin Jung. "Context-Aware Neural Machine Translation for Korean Honorific Expressions." Electronics 10, no. 13 (2021): 1589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131589.
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Neural machine translation (NMT) is one of the text generation tasks which has achieved significant improvement with the rise of deep neural networks. However, language-specific problems such as handling the translation of honorifics received little attention. In this paper, we propose a context-aware NMT to promote translation improvements of Korean honorifics. By exploiting the information such as the relationship between speakers from the surrounding sentences, our proposed model effectively manages the use of honorific expressions. Specifically, we utilize a novel encoder architecture that can represent the contextual information of the given input sentences. Furthermore, a context-aware post-editing (CAPE) technique is adopted to refine a set of inconsistent sentence-level honorific translations. To demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method, honorific-labeled test data is required. Thus, we also design a heuristic that labels Korean sentences to distinguish between honorific and non-honorific styles. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms sentence-level NMT baselines both in overall translation quality and honorific translations.
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Tamošiūnienė, Lora. "Translating Korean Nature. Translation Strategies in Lithuanian and English Literary Translation." Research in Language 18, no. 2 (2020): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.18.2.05.
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World literatures today often impose a separation of narratives from their geographic and linguistic origins. Translated versions of literary texts that were created and received within local cultural contexts, when translated, enter new, foreign contexts. When translations into many other languages appear, a writer may expect many diverse valuations of one`s work. Literary texts in translation, in fact, are an inseparable from literary experiences for many readers and the study of translated texts has a long-standing tradition. The future of such texts may also lie in the emerging future reading - “distant reading” to quote Walkowitz` use of Moretti`s term. Among the strongest arguments in support of such reading is the possibility, through translated texts, to establish a more aesthetic distance towards the object of a fictional text in translation. Translation gives us as readers a new and different approach towards objects we fail to notice because of their familiarity. Nature scenes and objects may be included among such features of the narrative that could be more aesthetically appreciated in the translated versions. The paper compares translations of nature scenes and objects of Shin Kyung-Sook`s novel into English Please Look After Mom (2011) and into Lithuanian Prašau, pasirūpink mama (2019). The paper reveals the scope of translation strategies of domestication and foreignization through comparison of translation of nature scenes and items into Lithuanian and English.
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Cho, Eun Young, Hayoung Wong, and Zong Woo Geem. "The Liturgical Usage of Translated Gregorian Chant in the Korean Catholic Church." Religions 12, no. 12 (2021): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12121033.
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For centuries, Gregorian chant has served as a monophonic song written for the religious services of the Roman Catholic Church, but Korean Catholics first encountered this chant in the early nineteenth century. Korean Catholics ultimately became more attracted to the Korean translations of these chants, as opposed to the original Latin versions. This article introduces some issues related to the language translation of Gregorian chant, especially for chants performed in Holy Week. The issues include discrepancies in the number of syllables, shifts in melismatic emphasis, difficult diction in vocalization, briefer singing parts because of space limitations, challenging melodic lines, and translation losses from neumes to modern notes.
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Khan, Abdul Bari, Abeera Hassan, and Snober Zahra. "Inter Semiotic Translation Analysis of South Korean Movie Tunnel." Global Language Review VII, no. IV (2022): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2022(vii-iv).13.
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Inter semiotic Translation is one of the most unexplored types of translation. It beholds the idea of translating verbal images into non-verbal ones. The author of this study has conducted this translation analysis and the main objective of this study is to see how, within the medium of a film, linguistic and verbal elements are translated into the audio-visual imagery. The theoretical framework opted for this research belongs to the famous philosophical intellect of modern times. Jakobson’s (1959) theory of inter semiotic translations is considered as a model to analyse a particular movie. The data has been collected from the Korean movie Tunnel which was released in 2016. The movie is about the catastrophic incident of Tunnel collapsing. The methodology for this study is qualitative and within interpretive paradigm, the data of the film has been analyzed. The result of the study shows that the audio visual patterns of the movie stayed true to the linguistic aspect of the picture. There is no deviation between verbal and non-verbal elements and they seem to complement each other.
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Choi, Jung A., and Han Sung Kim. "The Roots of Culture." Journal of World Literature 7, no. 2 (2022): 234–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00702007.
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Abstract Kim Suyŏng (1921–1968) is a Korean modernist poet whose works have been widely studied from the perspective of comparative and world literature. Yet, there is hardly any research on how his work is related to Russian literature. Given that he had little to no command of the Russian language, he used English translations to translate into Korean or comment on the Russian works selected for publication. His translations of Russian literature exhibit a consciousness of the characteristics of Russian literature, blended with Cold War English literature and post-colonial Korean literature. Referring to Pasternak’s poem “The Caucasus,” Kim noted that Pasternak’s journey in search of Russian roots was comparable to his pursuit of the “gigantic root” in post-colonial Korea. These two poets shared common ground in that both delved deep into tradition during the Cold War, when tradition was rejected as being reactionary.
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Lim, Jung Hyun, and Kiel Christianson. "Integrating meaning and structure in L1–L2 and L2–L1 translations." Second Language Research 29, no. 3 (2013): 233–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658312462019.
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This article examined the integration of semantic and morphosyntactic information by Korean learners of English as a second language (L2). In Experiment 1, L2 learners listened to English active or passive sentences that were either plausible or implausible and translated them into Korean. A significant number of Korean translations maintained the original passive/active structure, but switched the thematic roles of the actors in the sentences. In Experiment 2, the direction of translation was reversed and participants made very few translation errors, showing that the errors in Experiment 1 were not due to participants’ lack of control over the English passive morphosyntax. The results are strikingly similar to previous results in the first language (L1) psycholinguistics literature, and support a view of L2 processing (like L1 processing) that is ‘good enough’ in nature: misinterpretations arise from only a ‘good enough’ integration of semantic and morphosyntactic information in the input.
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Lockard, Joe, Shih Penglu, and Myungsung Kim. "Booker T. Washington, Frederick Douglass, and US Slave Narratives in Translation in East Asia." Translation and Literature 31, no. 3 (2022): 317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2022.0518.
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The paper presents a conceptual map of Chinese, Korean, and Japanese translations of Booker T. Washington, Frederick Douglass, and Solomon Northup from 1920 to the present. It considers the problems and advantages of a regional East Asian translation history, including issues of internationalism, sharing mass traumas and resistances, ideological misappropriation, reader reception, and de-centering analytic binarisms. The paper then turns to paratexts to discuss the numerous translations of Washington’s Up from Slavery, particularly the social development messages these translations sought to promote throughout East Asia. Given declining reader interest in Booker T. Washington in the twenty-first century, it then examines the more recent popularity of Frederick Douglass in translation editions as a symbolic leader of resistance against slavery. A conclusion addresses the East Asian translation history of Solomon Northup’s Twelve Years a Slave and the contemporary status of translated slave narratives as a global commodity.
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Kim, Jeong-yeon. "Mondialisation de la littérature et littérature mondiale – Traduction d’une culture « mineure » vers une culture « centrale »." Lebende Sprachen 64, no. 1 (2019): 122–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/les-2019-0006.
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Abstract The present article attempts to analyze the particularities of the practice of literary translation from a language of peripheral culture to a language of central culture, based on the case of Korean literature. Because of the inequality that governs the relations between the two cultures involved, the transfer from one to the other raises extratextual problems. After briefly tracing the history of the translation of Korean literary works into widely spoken languages, especially in the French-speaking communities, this paper deals with the specific characteristics and modalities of this activity, as well as with their influence on the translations itself, focusing on the choice of works to be translated, the distinctive features of their translators, the translation processes they implement and the socio-cultural context in which the translation is done.
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Lee, Young Ouk, and Eddie Ronowicz. "The development of an error typology to assess translation from English into Korean in class." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 60, no. 1 (2014): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.60.1.03lee.
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One of the urgent issues in translation studies is how to identify a good translation, which is inevitably related to its assessment. Various approaches have been introduced to deal with these issues, and while all of them should be considered as important variables, it would be impossible to use all of them in developing an assessment method, which can be applied to all types of translation.<p>Under these circumstances, this paper is designed to show the procedure of the development of an error typology to assess translations from English into Korean for students in translation programs. To do this, studies done in translation assessment and error typologies until now have been presented, and an error typology consisting of four categories: (a) causes of errors, (b) types of errors; (c) results of errors; (d) significance of errors has been developed. Since it is an on-going project, the next step will be to apply it to data to verify its effectiveness.<p>
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Choi, Gyung Hee. "Translating Genre of News Stories and the Correlated Grammar in Analysing Student Translation Errors." Meta 58, no. 2 (2014): 373–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1024179ar.
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In translation studies, genre and grammar have each flourished in their own right as a subject of study by a number of scholars. But research solely dedicated to the complementary relations between genre and grammar has been rare, particularly from the translation education perspective. Neither genre nor grammar can function properly without the other in a text because context (genre) and ‘wording’ (grammar) are inseparable. The aim of this paper is to examine the correlation between genre structure and grammar in the analysis of errors in student translations of news story texts. Drawing on Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), translations of two subtypes of news-reporting texts from English to Korean are analyzed. The main data include two source texts and their translations by nine Masters’students. The findings of this paper show that a large majority of translation mistakes arise from a lack of knowledge of genre structure and its interconnection with logical meaning (how clauses, sentences and paragraphs are combined). The research reported in this paper indicates that genre structure and grammar together constitute useful resources for teaching the translation of news-reporting texts, with more studies of genre structure in other subject fields desired.
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LIM, JUNG HYUN, and KIEL CHRISTIANSON. "Second language sensitivity to agreement errors: Evidence from eye movements during comprehension and translation." Applied Psycholinguistics 36, no. 6 (2014): 1283–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716414000290.
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ABSTRACTThe present study addresses the questions of (a) whether Korean learners of English show sensitivity to subject–verb agreement violations in an eye-tracking paradigm, and (b) how reading goals (reading for comprehension vs. translation) and second language (L2) proficiency modulate depth of morphological agreement processing. Thirty-six Korean speakers of L2 English and 32 native English speakers read 40 stimulus sentences, half of which contained subject–verb agreement violations in English. The factors were whether a head and a local intervening noun matched in number and whether a sentence was grammatical or not. In linear mixed models analyses, both agreement violations and noun phrase match/mismatch were found to be disruptive in processing for native speakers at the critical regions (verb and following word), and locally distracting number-marked nouns yielded an asymmetric pattern depending on grammaticality. When L2 speakers were asked to produce offline oral translations of the English sentences into Korean, they became more sensitive to agreement violations. In addition, higher L2 proficiency predicted greater sensitivity to morphological violations. The results indicate that L2 speakers are not necessarily insensitive to morphological violations and that L2 proficiency and task modulate the depth of L2 morphological processing.
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Kwon, Jenny, and So Young Shin. "TRANSLATION AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF THE PREFERENCES FOR EVERYDAY LIVING INVENTORY INTO KOREAN." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 781–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2825.
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Abstract Valid and reliable measures are necessary to provide person-centered care tailored to the individual. However, there are no such measures in Korean nursing home settings. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory (PELI); test face validity; and finalize a Korean version of PELI (PELI-K). The translation and cultural adaptation were done according to guidelines of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes. After translating, cognitively capable Korean older adults (n=10) reviewed the PELI items and completed a questionnaire. Face validity was assessed by three questions regarding grammar and wording, understandability, and cultural relevance using a 4-point Likert scale: 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). Higher scores indicate better validity. The mean (±SD) age of participants was 67 (±2.50) years. The mean score of appropriateness for grammar and wording was 2.70 (±.82); understandability was 3.70 (±.48); and cultural relevance was 3.70 (±.67). Participants found the Korean version of PELI easy to understand and interpret, and culturally relevant. However, some translations have room for improvement in rephrasing sentences and using alternative wording. Based on cognitive debriefing results and several suggestions from participants, necessary changes were made before creating a final version of PELI-K. These findings suggest that PELI was successfully translated and culturally adapted to Korean. Implementing PELI-K in Korean nursing home settings will help with eliciting individual preferences and incorporating them into care delivery. Next steps can evaluate care quality improvement and increased residents’ satisfaction.
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Находкина, А. А. "Якутское эпическое наследие и его международный перевод (1970-е гг. – начало 21 в.)". Эпосоведение, № 4(16) (24 грудня 2019): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25587/svfu.2019.16.44318.
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The article is a review of translations of the Yakut heroic epic olonkho into Russian and foreign languages. The review captures a large period, from Soviet times to the present. For the first time, such a study included unknown and little-known translations, as well as reviews on translations. The need to preserve and popularize the Yakut cultural heritage, represented by outstanding works of the Yakut classics, is confirmed by the history of Russia and of all mankind. The relevance of translation projects is due to the fact that in 2005 UNESCO recognized the Yakut heroic epic olonkho as a masterpiece of the oral intangible heritage of mankind, which, in turn, caused attention to olonkho in different countries. This fact inspired an interest to Yakut epic worldwide and stimulated translations of it into various languages and the research of these translations that supposed to be a tool for Northern cultural heritage preservation. The subject of the research is the EnglishThe significance of translations of the olonkho epic is determined by the features of the development of traditional communities at the present stage, their cultural heritage, which is in danger of extinction, is of particular concern. Olonkho - the ancient heroic epic of the Yakuts - is one of the brightest examples of the archaic folk epic. The olonkho formed the ideas of the Yakut people about the universe, a system of moral values, traditional beliefs and customs, the originality of language and culture. Particularly relevant is the question of the features of the translation of the Yakut heroic epic olonkho into the world languages. The uniqueness of the artistic world and the language of the epic olonkho determines the extreme complexity of its translation and significantly distinguishes it from all other kinds of literature. At the end of the twentieth century the Yakut heroic epic olonkho spoke not only in Russian, but also in other languages of the world. This paper considers translations of the Yakut epic olonkho into Russian, English, French, Korean, in particular, the full-text English translation of the olonkho Nurgun Botur the Swift by P.A. Oyunsky translations of olonkho Eles Bootur by P.V. Ogotoev and other epic texts. Translators of German, Turkish and Japanese also paid attention to various olonkho texts.
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Song, Duk Ho. "A Study on the publication of translations of Western classics : An example of translation of Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther." Korean Publishing Science Society 48, no. 3 (2022): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21732/skps.2022.106.55.
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The need to read classics is growing day by day. It is necessary to check once in a while how faithfully translated and disseminated the 'World Literary Collection', which has spread like a fad in the publishing world. In this thesis, readers' translation criticism was attempted on Goethe's The Sorrows of Young Werther, which is a classic literary work common to all world literature collections in Korea. Checking the translation from the point of view of a reader who does not know the foreign language of the starting text is a criticism about the publisher's publication of the translated book. Therefore, unlike the existing translation criticism method, the translation status was reviewed targeting the same works of five publishers publishing world literature collections based on ‘readability’ and ‘consistency’, ‘omission error’ and ‘notation error’. As a result, all translations of the five publishers are incomplete, so it seems urgent to prepare a countermeasure for the translation of Western classics. The solution is a world-class translation project led by the state. Another way is to expand and reorganize the Korean Classics Translation Institute into the World Classics Translation Institute. As history proves, the promotion of the humanities is achieved through translation projects.
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CHO, Eunnarae. "EXPRESSION OF INDUCEMENT IN KOREAN AND BULGARIAN." Ezikov Svyat volume 19 issue 3, ezs.swu.v19i3 (October 1, 2021): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v19i3.4.
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This article attempts to present some means of expressing inducement in Korean and Bulgarian and to suggest some features discovered in the translation corpus, composed of five original Korean novels and their translations in Bulgarian. Unlike imperative mood, which is a grammatically concretized notion of deontic modality, inducement is a complex unity formed by various elements such as morphological, syntactic and lexical elements. Therefore, it can be realized both directly and indirectly through the means, which express / do not express inducement in its own form. As for the direct way, Bulgarian has a synthetic and an analytic form. Korean has only a synthetic form, but it has six imperative endings, differing in terms of formality and politeness. Regarding the indirect way, some means like interrogative sentences with the verb in indicative mood and declarative sentences with modal verb are actively used in both languages, while others are used only in Bulgarian. For example, the use of a declarative sentence with a future tense verb in the indicative mood for the purpose of expressing inducement is clearly confirmed in Bulgarian, but in Korean this kind of sentence does not perform the same function at all. From the studied translation materials five main asymmetric features have been found – in the person of the addressee, the voice of the sentence, the way of expressing the inducement, the sentence structure and the way of strengthening the persistence.
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Rho, Jung Ja, and Walter R. Schumm. "The Factorial Validity of Brief Satisfaction Scales in a Survey of 58 Korean-American Interracial Couples." Psychological Reports 65, no. 3_suppl2 (1989): 1347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.65.3f.1347.
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Responses to modified versions of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale and the Kansas Parental Satisfaction Scale were obtained from a nonrandom sample of 58 Korean-American interracial couples living near Fort Riley and Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. The items were factored using principal axis factoring with varimax rotation. Each scale's items loaded on the factors as expected, with some minor exceptions, for both the English and Korean translations.
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Kim, Haeyoung. "The Influence of Background Information in Translation: Quantity vs. Quality or Both?" Meta 51, no. 2 (2006): 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/013260ar.
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Abstract The purpose of this article is to explore ways to provide effective as well as practical teaching tools that can be utilized in translation courses for undergraduate students. The present study specifically focuses on the effect of having access to background information of the translation. Two groups are compared for this aim. One group was asked to conduct background research on the translation topic prior to engaging in the translation while the other group only had access to dictionaries to carry out the identical task. Students were asked to complete translations from Korean into English. Outputs of the two groups were compared to assess the impact of background information. The quantity and quality of background information were also analyzed to examine their influence on the quality of translation.
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Kim, Sina, Hye Seon Sagong, Jae Cheol Kong, et al. "Randomised Clinical Trials on Acupuncture in the Korean Literature: Bibliometric Analysis and Methodological Quality." Acupuncture in Medicine 32, no. 2 (2014): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2013-010470.
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Objective Acupuncture systematic reviewers have increasingly searched Chinese databases and journals to identify eligible randomised clinical trials (RCTs). However, reviewers have infrequently searched for eligible RCTs in Korean databases and journals. This study aimed to identify difficult to locate acupuncture RCTs in Korean databases and journals and to assess the characteristics and quality of the identified RCTs. Methods Eleven electronic databases and seven journals were searched up to December 2012. All RCTs using needle acupuncture were considered for inclusion. Key study characteristics were extracted and risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Results One hundred and forty-three publications met our inclusion criteria. Acupuncture RCTs in the Korean literature emerged in the mid-1990s and increased in the mid-2000s. Diverse methods of acupuncture were used, including some methods unique to Korea (eg, Saam acupuncture). The largest proportion of trials evaluated acupuncture for musculoskeletal conditions (27.3%). The mean sample size was 44.3±25.3 per trial. Random sequence generation methods were reported in 44.8% of the RCTs, whereas only 11.9% reported methods of allocation concealment. A low proportion of trials reported participant blinding (32.9%) and outcome assessment blinding (18.9%). Conclusions Korean acupuncture trials, many of which evaluate acupuncture styles unique to Korea, are typically omitted from systematic reviews of acupuncture, resulting in the potential for language bias. The development of this database of difficult to locate Korean trials, which includes English language translations of abstracts, will enable these trials of varying quality to be assessed for inclusion in future acupuncture systematic reviews.
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Berthelier, Benoît. "Encountering the Alien: Alterity and Innovation in North Korean Science Fiction since 1945." Journal of Korean Studies 23, no. 2 (2018): 369–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21581665-6973369.
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Abstract From the translations of Soviet sci-fi and biographies of foreign scientists published in popular science magazines after liberation, to the exotic settings and strange technologies of contemporary novels, the history of science fiction in North Korea is marked by an engagement with the strange, the foreign, and the novel. Retracing the history of the genre from 1945 to the present time, this essay attempts to understand how North Korean science fiction has managed its constitutive alterity. In so doing, it explores tales of space travel fused with socialist realist production novels, how Hollywood blockbuster tropes met North Korea’s nationalist rhetoric, and how juche literary theory assessed the legacy of writers such as H. G. Wells, George Orwell, and A. E. van Vogt. The production of works of science fiction in North Korea has evolved in relationship with the country’s cultural, social, and ideological trends. As such, this essay highlights how the political stakes of scientific progress have influenced the themes and narrative structures of the genre. Nonetheless, North Korean literature’s politicization has not excluded tensions and ambiguities, innovation and change, external influences and curiosity toward the other. The international or interplanetary settings of science fiction have thus allowed for the introduction of hitherto unseen affects, characters, and plot devices in North Korean novels and short stories.
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Na, Ji Young, Krista Wilkinson, and Jiali Liang. "Early Development of Emotional Competence (EDEC) Assessment Tool for Children With Complex Communication Needs: Development and Evidence." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 27, no. 1 (2018): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_ajslp-16-0058.
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Purpose This article introduces and provides initial data supporting “The Early Development of Emotional Competence (EDEC): A tool for children with complex communication needs (CCNs).” The EDEC was developed to raise awareness about the relation of language and emotional competence and to maximize the likelihood that intervention includes language to discuss emotions in ways that are consistent with the values and goals of the family. Method First, the theoretical and clinical foundations of the EDEC development were discussed. Then, a description of preferred translation practices was provided, with examples of Korean and Mandarin Chinese translations. Finally, initial data from a pilot study with two sociocultural communities (i.e., 10 American and 10 Korean mothers of children developing typically) were presented to demonstrate the potential of the tool. Results The pilot test offered preliminary support for the sensitivity of the EDEC. The tool solicited responses reflecting cultural differences between American and Korean mothers' perception of a child's emotional skills and mother-child conversation about emotions as predicted based on many cross-cultural studies in emotion. Conclusions The information elicited from the EDEC shows promise for enabling culturally natural conversation about emotions with appropriate vocabulary and phrases in their augmentative and alternative communication systems. Supplemental Materials https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5643076
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Ryzhkov, Andrii. "The laboratory of translation of Korean poetry into Ukrainian: Kim Min-Jeong’s verse “For the first time... she started to feel”." Synopsis: Text Context Media 27, no. 3 (2021): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-259x.2021.3.11.
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This paper offers two versions of a poem by the contemporary South Korean poetess Kim Min-Jeong translated into Ukrainian. Both translations are accompanied by corresponding comments, making it possible for the reader to have a glimpse at the process of transformations that occur with the original work: its tempo, metrics, stylistic and expressive means, etc. To this end, the process of decision-making in terms of selecting linguistic devices and other resources stemmed from the translation of the verse “For the first time… she started to feel” is the object of this paper. The goal of the research is to demonstrate the logic underlying the corresponding decisions. At the same time, it should be noted that this paper is not aimed at providing a comprehensive analysis of all the aspects that may arise from translation of the original, but rather focuses on several examples. Given the steadfast development of Korean studies in Ukraine and due to the growing interest in Korean language, literature and culture, this study will hopefully be useful for translation classes of Korean literature into Ukrainian as a material for comparative analysis with the original in order to have a better look at possible forms and variants of shifts and transformations. Thus, the relevance of this analysis can be explained in terms of practical needs of Korean studies in Ukraine, whereas its novelty is apparent due to the lack of translated works, accompanied by comments. The poetic style of Kim Min-Jeong catches attention due to its frankness, criticism and straightforwardness, and since the poetess addresses completely non-lyrical and complicated topics. As a result, the study demonstrates the mechanisms employed by the translator by applying two different approaches. In particular, it demonstrates what happens to the pace, expressive and stylistic means, etc. On the other hand, the article assumes that there is no single correct method or form of translation. Therefore, the analysis invites to reflect upon the appropriateness and necessity of taking certain translation decisions and thus emphasizes the importance of the process of self-reflection when working with the original.
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LIM, JUNG HYUN, and KIEL CHRISTIANSON. "Second language sentence processing in reading for comprehension and translation." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 16, no. 3 (2012): 518–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728912000351.
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A self-paced reading and translation task was used with learners of English as a second language (L2) to explore what sorts of information L2 learners use during online comprehension compared to native speakers, and how task (reading for comprehension vs. translation) and proficiency affect L2 comprehension. Thirty-six Korean native speakers of English and 32 native English speakers read plausible and implausible subject relative clauses and object relative clauses. Reading times, comprehension accuracy, and translations were analyzed. Results showed that L2 learners were able to use syntactic information similarly to native speakers during comprehension, and that online L2 processing and offline comprehension were modulated by reading goals and proficiency. Results are interpreted as showing that L2 processing is quantitatively rather than qualitatively different from first language processing, i.e. strategically “good enough”.
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Lee, Jieun. "What Skills Do Student Interpreters Need to Learn in Sight Translation Training?" Meta 57, no. 3 (2013): 694–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017087ar.
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Although sight translation is widely taught in interpreter education and practicsed in the field, there has been a dearth of studies on sight translation. This paper presents the preliminary findings of a pilot study comparing six student interpreters and three professional interpreters’ sight translation of an English speech text into Korean, which is their A language. This paper examines their sight translation performances in terms of accuracy, target language expressions and delivery qualities. The results indicate that student interpreters need to further develop their reading skills to accurately understand the source text and distinguish key ideas from ancillary ideas. The data analysis also reveals that student interpreters need to make conscious efforts to distance themselves from the source language form and develop translation skills to avoid literal translations. These findings have pedagogical implications for sight translation training. This paper discusses condensation strategy as an effective method to enhance delivery and target language qualities. Finally, this paper calls for further research on this under-researched component in the interpreting curriculum.
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Lewis, James B. "THE WANLI EMPEROR AND MING CHINA'S DEFENCE OF KOREA AGAINST JAPAN." International Journal of Asian Studies 8, no. 1 (2011): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591410000276.
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As recently as 2001, there were few lengthy discussions in English on the Imjin Waeran (Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea) aside from William George Aston's contribution to theTransactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan(‘Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea’) from the 1870s and 1880s and a clutch of articles. The last nine years, though, have seen an extraordinary production of published works and the appearance of translations of primary sources, some full, some partial, some finished, and some on the way. Stephen Turnbull'sSamurai Invasionappeared in 2002. Just three years later, in 2005, Samuel Hawley publishedThe Imjin War, and now we have Kenneth M. Swope'sA Dragon's Head and a Serpent's Tail.The three books are each written from the perspective of the three main belligerents: Turnbull working from Japanese sources, Hawley from a Korean perspective, and Swope from Ming sources. These three offer detailed narratives on the war and allow English-language scholarship to set aside general narrative in favour of specific research agendas.
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Aiken, Milam, Jianfeng Wang, Linwu Gu, and Joseph Paolillo. "An Exploratory Study of How Technology Supports Communication in Multilingual Groups." International Journal of e-Collaboration 7, no. 1 (2011): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jec.2011010102.
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In this paper, the authors study how new technology can support multilingual groups. Their results show that no significant difference was found between group members’ comprehension of contributed comments and their stated minimum acceptable understanding. However, comprehension of relevant comments was higher than that for off-topic text, indicating that the sharing of important information was achieved. Further, reading comprehension tests of translations from Chinese, German, Hindi, Korean, Malay, and Spanish to English show that, except for Hindi, the automatic translations achieve accuracies that are acceptable for graduate studies at a university in the United States.
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Clemente, Beatriz G., Romeo C. Clemente, Marie Claudette M. Calanoga, Gladys M. Lavarias, Irene P. Aquino, and Promil A. Bistayan. "Multisectoral awareness and acceptability of the VMGO and meaning making of the vision and mission." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S2 (2021): 956–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns2.1615.
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An institution's programs, activities, initiatives, and other institutionally-related undertakings would be transformed into the most renowned globally-acknowledged worldwide standards in light of the vision-mission. The survey on the awareness and acceptability of the University's Revised Vision-Mission, as well as the College of Teacher Education and Graduate School Program Goals and Program Objectives and Outcomes, demonstrates the awareness and acceptability of the University's Vision, Mission, Goals, and Objectives, as well as the University Core Values. It also includes translations of the new vision and mission from English to Vietnamese, Korean, Filipino, Ilocano, and Ibanag by the statekholders of the new vision and purpose. Significantly, by translating the VGMO, the university is expanding worldwide, emphasizing the importance of academic and community effort as it materializes the programs that will propel the institution forward.
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손영도. "A Study on the Actual State of Korean Translations of the British Novels from 1719 to 1950." Journal of Korean Studies ll, no. 54 (2015): 145–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17790/kors.2015..54.145.
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손영도. "A Study on the Actual State of Korean Translations of the British Novels Published from 1951 to 2005." Journal of Korean Studies ll, no. 57 (2016): 93–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.17790/kors.2016..57.93.
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Chon, Young-Ae. "Poetic Dialogue from the Periphery of World Literature: Goethe’s Faust and the Korean Novel Kumo-shinwha." Interlitteraria 23, no. 2 (2019): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2018.23.2.8.
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A short but cardinal passage of Goethe’s Faust is the rhymed dialogue between Faust and Helen at their first encounter: the depiction of the very idealistic encounter consists of the process by which the ancient Greek mythical figure Helen learns about the difference and charm of the German poetic language, as well as its formal practices explained and guided by Faust. This passage is not only a description of the meeting of Helen and Faust but also, at the same time, verses on poetry and poetics.
 This remarkable passage leads us to look into other cases in world literature. With this inquiry I have found out many similar cases in the literature of my own country and of other East Asian countries, Japan and China. As an example, here is presented a highly sublime poetic dialogue, drawn from an outstanding work of premodern Korean literature, the very first Korean “novel” Kumo-shinhwa, from the mid-fifteenth century: an exchange of ekphrasis, verses of picture description. With its perfect, more than perfect, rhyme, the poetic dialogue presents the symbolized union of two persons as a matter of course. By means of this poetic dialogue it will be pointed out how a standard canon does not remain itself but finds its incessant dialogues on behalf of other rather hidden works. Or in short: how the margin shifts itself through exchanges and translations.
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Hashimoto, Satoru. "Regional Literary Tradition in Modern World Literature: The Allegorization of Democracy in Yano Ryūkei’s Beautiful Story of Statesmanship and Its Chinese and Korean Translations." Comparative Literature Studies 59, no. 4 (2022): 768–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/complitstudies.59.4.0768.
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ABSTRACT Yano Ryūkei’s popular political novel Keikoku bidan (The Beautiful Story of Statesmanship, 1883-84) is a fictionalization of the dramatic victory of the democrats over the oligarchs in ancient Thebes, and is among the first modern Japanese literary works to be translated into Chinese and Korean. As such, this work may be construed as a typical case of the translation of modern ideas from the European center into an East Asian periphery. But in playing that function, it notably makes an anachronistic use of a style of classical Japanese fiction that, along with its Korean counterpart, had developed in tight relationship to late-imperial Chinese vernacular fiction. The adoption of the classical narrative form of regional provenance allowed Ryūkei to create a political allegorization of democracy whose legitimacy is not just ideologically imposed but indigenously grounded on history, and facilitated its translation into Chinese and Korean. By examining these texts, this article considers an interperipheral structure of literary exchanges that helped enable a transposition of democracy into the region. It thus illuminates a palimpsestic construct of textual circulation in turn-of-the-century East Asia where the modern center-periphery relationship is intersected with the interperipheral dynamics activated by the afterlives of a classical transnational cultural tradition.
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Park-Johnson, Sunny. "Receptive Knowledge of Transitivity Alternation by Korean Heritage Speakers." Heritage Language Journal 17, no. 3 (2020): 355–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.17.3.3.
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Heritage speakers (HS) have historically been attributed with what they cannot do or what they have lost; however while heritage grammars are inevitably different from the monolingual variety, investigating HS knowledge and abilities can reveal much about their capacity for retention. This article investigates Korean HS living in the U.S. and their receptive knowledge of Korean transitivity alternation, specifically, whether they are able to retain a phonologically reduced transitivity marker that is not reinforced in the dominant language, a previous unstudied area of heritage grammar and a feature that does not exist in the speakers’ dominant language, English. Participants (N = 20) rated their acceptability judgment of four sentence conditions on a self-paced online assessment. In a second task, other participants (N = 14) translated the four sentence conditions into English. Results revealed a significant effect of sentence condition for the HS on their acceptability ratings, Wald χ2(3) = 61.133, p < .001, indicating that participants’ judgments of test sentences were significantly influenced by which category of sentence they were given. The HS also demonstrated keen distinctions between sentences with and without the transitivity marker in their translations. Overall, the study shows that Korean HS are able to retain this the transitivity marker.
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Jarvis, Jonathan A. "Lost in Translation: Obstacles to Converting Global Cultural Capital to Local Occupational Success." Sociological Perspectives 63, no. 2 (2019): 228–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731121419852366.
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International students studying at foreign universities believe this experience will translate to occupational opportunities in their home countries. Although the motives for global education have been considered, we know less about the conversion process upon return. Using 66 in-depth interviews (20 evaluators, 20 locally-educated Koreans, 26 foreign-educated Koreans), I examine how global cultural capital can be both deeply meaningful and an obstacle to organizational fit and reintegration. When Koreans leave Korea before attending a local university, the acquisition of global institutional, embodied, and objectified cultural capital may come at the expense of how they activate or portray embodied local cultural capital. Koreans with more balanced global and local cultural capital—those leaving after graduating from a Korean university—were able to navigate the work context with greater ease, choosing when and how to signal both their global knowledge and understanding of the rules of the Korean work world.
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Lee Kwangyim and 김순영. "An Analysis of Translations of Cosmetics Advertisements from English into Korean: A Functionalist Approach with a Focus on Function Markers." Journal of English Cultural Studies 10, no. 3 (2017): 163–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15732/jecs.10.3.201712.163.
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Lee, Jieun. "A case study on the thematic choices of English translations of Korean statutes from the theoretical perspectives of Systemic Functional Linguistics." Interpretation and Translation 22, no. 2 (2020): 129–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20305/it202002129156.
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오윤선. "The Aspects and Significance of ‘Tokgabi’ in English Translations of Korean Folk Tales from the late 1800s to the mid-1900s." Journal of Korean Studies ll, no. 63 (2017): 231–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17790/kors.2017..63.231.
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Li, San Yun. "The realities of Korean culture and The literary translation (using Park Kyongni’s novel "Daughters of pharmacist Kim" as an example)." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 16, no. 3 (2018): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2018-16-3-127-137.
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Famous South Korean writer Park Kyongni’s novel «Daughters of Pharmacist Kim» covers the period from the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century which was tragic for Korean people and their social norms because of the Japanese occupation. It depicts particularly the religious beliefs of Korean people, the relationships in the society and the family, the role of the woman, and the daily life of people of different social groups (aristocrats, the wealthy, servants). The objective of this article is to critically analyze the translation of the novel that touches upon many phenomena exotic for most Russian readers, such as the national identity of Korean culture or the material and spiritual life of Korean society. The comparison of the Korean and the Russian texts shows that the translation of some ethnographic realia does not quite match the original. For example, some words related to the following phenomena are translated incorrectly: Korean traditional underfloor heating (ondol), superstitions, Koreans’ religious beliefs and their perception of ancestors’ spirits, supernatural forces, mourning ceremonies, and attire worn to a funeral. In addition to believing in ancestors’ spirits, Koreans also believed in prophecies. For example, children of someone who died of arsenic poisoning were believed to be destined to leave no male offspring. This prophecy comes true in the novel: Pharmacist Kim’s first son dies in childhood and six daughters are born afterwards. Koreans paid special attention to shamans and believed in their supernatural essence. To this day, Koreans’ religious beliefs dating back to ancient times and various folk beliefs peacefully coexist with other world religions. In modern South Korea, people still observe customs and traditions related to funeral rites and wakes, they fear and revere the spirits of the dead, and perform «feeding ancestors’ spirits» ceremonies twice a year on certain days chosen according to the lunar calendar. In addition to the shortcomings of the Russian translation described above, some dialectal items of the Southern province Kyungsan-do are translated incorrectly, and so are occasionally rendered the rules of the traditional verbal etiquette. It may be considered as a gross error because the latter are anchored in the very essence of Korean language and make up an important part of Korean mentality. Conclusion. So, this analysis of conveying background information through Korean realia in the novel «Daughters of Pharmacist Kim» confirms the theorists’ conclusion that the translator must know background cultural information of the source text. Errors and flaws found in the translation of some ethnographic realia show that those errors and flaws are not likely to affect significantly the novel’s content or its artistic value. At the same time, the fictional quality of the novel is affected by the lack of translator’s knowledge of its dialectal peculiarities and some facts of non-material culture related to customs, elements of cult and public relations among Koreans. All of the above leads to the incorrect perception of some cultural realia of Korea described in the novel of Korean classic writer Park Kyongni.
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KHOSHNEVISAN, BABAK. "Spilling the Beans on Understanding English Idioms Using Multimodality: An Idiom Acquisition Technique for Iranian Language Learners." International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication 8 (April 15, 2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ijltic.20281.
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Idioms are ubiquitous in English language. Despite their ubiquity, learning idioms is a thorny issue for second language learners. Multiple researchers have scrutinized different aspects of idiom learning by second language learners: important factors in processing idioms in L2 (Cieślicka, 2015); the incorporation of technology in idiom learning (Khoshnevisan, 2018b); idiom assessment (Khoshnevisan, 2018a). A number of studies have been conducted concerning the application of the Idiom Diffusion Model—an L2 idiom processing model—to develop the idiomatic competence of learners, however, the pertinent literature is sparse: Greek, German, and French (Liontas, 1997); Greek (Katsarou, 2013); Korean (Türker, 2016). It turns out that the application of the model to Persian language learners is missing. To address the gap, the author conducted a qualitative study to explore the perceptions of Iranian language learners about using a website to learn idioms. The researcher employed an online questionnaire to delve into the learners’ perceptions. The findings imply that the majority of the participants used video and picture modules to arrive at the figurative meaning of the idiomatic phrases. However, in terms of semi and post-lexical idioms, most learners benefited from translations to decode the meanings. The findings corroborate the theory that translation facilitates learning idioms.
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Kang, Young Ahn. "“First Korean Philosophers” on Philosophy." Diogenes 62, no. 2 (2015): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0392192117703051.
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Philosophy as an academic discipline was introduced to Korea at the end of the 19th century. Philosophical education and professional research did not begin, however, until the 1920s. The first institution in which Koreans could study philosophy as a major at college level was Keijō Imperial University, which was founded by the Japanese in 1924 in Seoul, Korea. The first graduates from this school produced their research in Korean and contributed to the settlement of philosophy on the Korean peninsula. They were joined by Koreans who had returned from study in Austria, Germany, France, and the United States. I call these the “first Korean philosophers.” In order for an individual to belong to this group, three conditions had to be met: first, he or she should have studied philosophy as a major at college level; second, he or she should have read Western philosophical texts in original or in translation; third: he or she should have written a treatise in the contemporary Korean language. Against this background, I am going to deal with three questions. The first question concerns their attitude towards philosophy. The second question concerns their conception of philosophy. The third question concerns the method of doing philosophy. Through this study, I have shown that the first Korean philosophers foreshadowed the struggle between the Marxist and liberal understandings of the world and of humanity, even though they lived in the time of Japanese occupation.
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Cha, Wung Seok. "Managing the Health of Chosŏn Kings: Illness and Treatment in the Daily Records of the Royal Secretariat." Asian Medicine 11, no. 1-2 (2016): 171–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15734218-12341364.
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TheSŭngjŏngwŏn ilgi (Daily Records of the Royal Secretariat)is one of the major chronicles of the events of the Chosŏn Dynasty (1392–1910). Although the records prior to the year 1622 are no longer extant, the remaining records from the years 1623 to 1910 meticulously recount the daily activities of the reigning Chosŏn kings, including copious information on their physical and mental status. Because the king’s health was considered as important as other official affairs in many respects, detailed records were kept of royal ailments and how court doctors treated them. This article surveys the state of Korean-language scholarship on the medical content of theDaily Recordsand presents selected translations to demonstrate how this valuable historical source can shed light on both the social history of Chosŏn medicine and the political importance of kingly health at the Chosŏn court.
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Min, Kyoung Chul, Mi Young Hong, Ickpyo Hong, and Hee Soon Woo. "Development of the Korean Version of the Drooling Infants and Preschoolers Scale." Occupational Therapy International 2023 (January 31, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7082782.
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Objective. This study is aimed at translating and cross-culturally adapting the Drooling Infants and Preschoolers Scale (DRIPS) into Korean cultural context and examine the content validity and reliability of the Korean version, which is referred as K-DRIPS. Methods. An iterative forward-backward translation sequence of the DRIPS was performed by 20 Korean health professional experts (i.e., occupational therapists (OTs) and professors) with more than 10 years of experience. The study subjects were 77 children with cerebral palsy (CP) exhibiting drooling symptoms aged 2-7 years. They were recruited from two children’s rehabilitation hospitals in Korea and completed the K-DRIPS. The content validity and internal consistency of the K-DRIPS items were examined. Results. An assessment with 20 K-DRIPS items was adequately and cross-culturally adapted into Korea. All the items exhibited good content validity (content validity ratio range 4.00-4.95) and good internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.98 ). Conclusion. The study findings indicated that the K-DRIPS was successfully adapted to the Korean cultural context and demonstrated good psychometric properties. This instrument could be used for drooling assessment tool in Korean children with disabilities.
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Park, Hyunjoo, and M. Mandy Sha. "Evaluating the Efficiency of Methods to Recruit Asian Research Participants." Journal of Official Statistics 30, no. 2 (2014): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jos-2014-0020.
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Abstract Few empirical studies have evaluated the efficiency of recruitment methods to recruit non- English-speaking research participants. We attempt to fill this research gap by conducting a systematic evaluation using recruitment data from a large cognitive testing study that pretested the translations of the American Community Survey. In our study we contacted 1,084 Chinese and Korean speakers to identify those who spoke little or no English. We measured the efficiency of the recruitment methods (newspaper advertisements, flyers, online communication, and word of mouth) using four criteria: time spent, outreach capacity, screener completion, and eligibility rate. We also examined differences in recruitment efficiencies by recruiters and sublanguage groups. Among the recruitment methods examined, newspaper advertisements were most efficient in reaching a larger number of Asians while using the least amount of recruiters’ time. For recruiting non-English speakers, word of mouth by recruiters with strong ties to the ethnic community worked best.
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Cho, Heekyoung. "Transnationality and Coloniality in the Concept of Modern Korean Literature." Journal of Korean Studies 22, no. 1 (2017): 69–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/21581665-4153340.
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Abstract This article discusses the discourse that appears in early theorizations of Korean literature through an examination of Yi Kwang-su’s theory of literature and related Russian and Japanese theories in colonial Korea. During the process of this formation, Korean intellectuals used the term “munhak” as a translation for “literature,” before there were any substantial works of “modern” literature in Korean. Yi’s theory of modern literature was translational and transnational from its inception, symptomatically revealing its coloniality, which became more complicated during the later colonial period. Yi frequently stressed Tolstoy’s influence on him while downplaying the impact of Japanese theorists whose ideas he used at least as much. Yi’s emphasis on Russian texts and on the materiality of Korean vernacular script, I argue, may be an indication of a colonial incongruity and predicament in which he struggled to conceal the coloniality of his own literary theory and, by extension, the coloniality of modern Korean literature. I hope that this paper will provide a better understanding of how modern theories of literature were entrenched in the complications of colonization from their foundation.
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Islam, Sehrish. "Semantic Loss in Two English Translations of Surah Ya-Sin by Two Translators (Abdullah Yusuf Ali and Arthur John Arberry)." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 1, no. 4 (2018): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.v1i4.322.
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The aim of the present study is to examine the semantic Loss and its causes in two English translations of Surah Ya-Sin by two translators: Abdullah Yusuf Ali and Arthur John Arberry. Semantic loss focuses on over-translation, under-translation or mistranslation of a source text and can result in partial or complete loss of meaning in the target text. Semantic loss is inevitable while translating from a source language due to the lack of equivalence of some cultural words in the target language. Baker’s typology of equivalence (1992) was adopted to identify causes of losses in the two English translations: Equivalence at word level, above word level, Textual, Grammatical and Pragmatic Equivalence. This research is qualitative in nature and is based on Hermeneutics, an interpretative framework of translation studies. The English translations of Surah Ya-Sin were selected from Abdullah Yusuf Ali’s work “The Holy Qur’an: Text and Translation” (1938) and Arthur John Arberry’s “The Koran Interpreted” (1968). Two language experts were consulted for the present study to understand the meanings of the source text. Moreover Tafsir by Ibn Khathir (2000) was used as a reference book. The analysis of the data revealed frequent partial loss of meaning in Abdullah Yusuf Ali’s translation and complete loss of meaning in Arthur John Arberry’s translation. Linguistic deviation from the source text was identified as one of the major causes of such losses.
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Aljunied, Khairudin. "The Koran in English: A Biography." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 35, no. 3 (2018): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v35i3.484.
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Anyone familiar with Bruce Lawrence’s oeuvre knows that the book under review is the culmination of his long and serious engagement with Islam’s foundational texts. His earlier publication, The Qur’an: A Biography (2006), traces the central place of divine revelation in Muslim life and thought for many centuries. The Qur’an inspired its most faithful believers to become predominant in much of the medieval world and, in the process, it was a book that captured the interest and imagination of non-Muslims. Law- rence’s own translation of the Qur’an into English is now in the works. Be- fore completing this admirable feat at the prime of his scholarly life, he offers us an inventory of a number of influential and no less creative—some polemical—attempts at untying the Gordian knot of rendering classical Ar- abic into lucid English. But can God’s eternal word, revealed to Prophet Muhammad in the seventh century, be translated into English at all given the deep-seated differences between the two linguistic worlds in space and time? The answer to this question is not a simple yes or no, as Lawrence explains in this slim but indispensable volume. Unlike scriptures of other world religions, the Qur’an stakes a claim on its linguistic authoritativeness from the onset. Its self-image, as specialists such as Daniel Madigan, Toshi- hiko Izutsu, and Fazlur Rahman have it, was rooted in its unique language. The Qur’anic language is thus not merely one language among others of its time (or anytime) but is the distinctive language of God to be read, stud- ied, memorized and disseminated in the original form. From this angle of vision, no translation of the Qur’an is regarded by the majority of Muslims as the Qur’an itself. Lawrence acknowledges this longstanding credo, or the dominant “filter of orthodoxy,” as he puts it (xxi). The translated Qur’an is, to him, best referred to as a “Koran”. Not that the Arabic and translated texts are radically different in terms of their central messages and moral injunctions, but that the Koran was a historical and not an eternal artefact. The Koran was a product of a human endeavor to make the language of God accessible in the world of man. The filter of orthodoxy was however confronted with an ever-growing and cosmopolitan ummah which, for the most part, consisted of non-Ar- abs who knew little but a rudimentary form of Arabic. Translations became inevitable, as Lawrence informs us. The Arabic Qur’an in its pure form gen- erated Korans in other Muslim languages (Persian, Turkish, Malay, etc.) as Islam grew to become a juggernaut after the death of Muhammad (Chapter 1). And yet, as Islam emerged triumphant as a world-conquering faith, its adversaries saw the urgent need to fully discern the scriptures that made Muslims so powerful. Translations into Latin and then English from the twelfth through the eighteenth centuries were largely born out of hate en- meshed with fear and the passionate desire among translators to convince fellow Christians of “falsehood of the Qur’an” (33). Such adverse motives however turned into an emphatic understanding of what the Qur’an actu- ally stood for, as seen in George Sale and Edward Henry Palmer’s transla- tions. The Orientalists were not all cut from the same cloth. What Lawrence does not show quite clearly was how these early English translations provided the raison d’etre for Muslims to produce their own Korans as a corrective project against the biases of Western Orientalism. In South Asian translations by Muhammad Ali, Abdul Majid Daryabadi, Mar- maduke Pickhall, and Abdullah Yusuf Ali, allusions were made, be it direct- ly or obliquely, to the problems of earlier (non-Muslim) translations, just as they sought (for example) to undo use of the terms “Mohammedan” or “Mohametan” to describe Muslims. Granted that these translators belonged to different Muslim sects, their overriding concern was that the Qur’an suf- fered from imprecise translations into English. South Asian Muslims, in my view, were not only translating the Qur’an. They were arresting the march of a prejudiced form of Orientalism by producing English Korans of their own. In hindsight, their efforts were successful, at least for a while, until the advent of the digital age. The coming of the internet and the expansion of English as a lingua franca of most of the world, as Lawrence handsomely points out, has led to the proliferation of Korans, both online and offline, by Muslims and non-Muslims, conservatives and liberals, orientalists and their detractors, Sunnis and Shi’ites, feminists and artists. To Lawrence, most translations produced in an era of abundance fail to capture the Qur’an’s rhythmic prose, with the exception of a handful. Contemporary Korans are so often contorted by the politics of ideological hegemony and nationalist parochi- alism that hinder scholarly endeavor (Chapters 4-5). Lawrence singles out Saudi translations that purvey a puritanical strand of Islam. Interestingly, there are, within Saudi Arabia itself, less literalist Korans. One wonders whether the current political transition in Saudi Arabia will give rise to newer, state-sponsored translations of the Qur’an. I certainly believe it will. For now, Lawrence shows that Salafism in Saudi Arabia (as elsewhere in the Muslim world, as many analysts have pointed out) is not by any means monochrome and homogenous. It is therefore unsurprising that different Korans have been produced in a highly controlled and conservative state. Meantime, the market is flooded with highly popular alternatives in the likes of those by Thomas Cleary, Muhammad Abdul Haleem, and Tarif Khalidi. Spoilt for choice, Muslims and non-Muslims have now the liberty to choose which translation squares with their respective lingustic tastes, spiritual quests, and worldviews. Lawrence ends the book with the latest and most innovative venture at translating the Qur’an, by artist Sandow Birk. It is a translation that comes in the form of inventive expressions, a graphic Koran, so to speak, intended for an American audience whom Birk believes can discern how the Qur’an addresses their everyday trials and tribulations. The linguistic beauty of the Qur’an, in Birk’s formulation, is best expressed in colorful images. An American himself, Lawrence is most impressed by Birk’s project, couching it as “visual and visionary, it is a hybrid genre designed to reach a new audience not previously engaged either by the Koran or by Islam” (137). Had George Sale and Henry Palmet lived to this day, they would perhaps shudder over such an Americanization of the Qur’an. In displaying art with a Qur’anic glaze, Birk does more than translating the Qur’an to English. He demonstrates how the Qur’an can be embedded and normalized into Anglo-American lives and sensibilities. Provocatively-written, deftly-researched, and a pleasure to read, The Koran in English opens up many promising pathways and novel directions for future research. The specter of the Palestinian-American scholar, Is- mail al-Faruqi, came to mind as I was reading the book. Al-Faruqi once envisioned English becoming an Islamic language, or a language that can express what Islam is more accurately. Al-Faruqi held that this could be achieved by incorporating Arabic terms into the English corpus. Reading The Koran in English tells us that Al-Faruqi’s vision is currently realized in ways he barely imagined, or perhaps, in ways that are more subtle and sublime. In translating the Koran to English—an enterprise that is now undertaken by scholars, popular writers, and artists, and that will undoubt- edly grow exponentially in the years to come—English has been (or is) Ko- ranized. Or, to borrow and inflect Lawrence’s syllogism in the opening of the book: If you don’t know Arabic, you can still understand the Qur’an. By understanding the Qur’an, you can choose to become a Muslim. And if you do not become a Muslim, you may still appreciate and derive much benefit from the Qur’an. Therefore, the Qur’an, or the Koran, is not only for Muslims but for those who care to think and reflect about life and about the divine. Indeed, “He gives wisdom to whom He wills, and whoever has been given wisdom has certainly been granted much good. And none will grasp the message except the people of intellect” (al-Baqara: 269).
 Khairudin AljuniedMalaysia Chair of Islam in Southeast AsiaGeorgetown University