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1
Groom, Quentin, Henry Engledow, Ann Bogaerts, Nuno Veríssimo Pereira, and Sofie De Smedt. "Citizen science at the borders of Romance (www.doedat.be)." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 21, 2018): e24991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.24991.
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Many, if not most, countries have several official or widely used languages. And most, if not all, of these countries have herbaria. Furthermore, specimens have been exchanged between herbaria from many countries, so herbaria are often polylingual collections. It is therefore useful to have label transcription systems that can attract users proficient in a wide variety of languages. Belgium is a typical polylingual country at the boundary between the Romance and Franconian languages (French, Dutch & German). Yet, currently there are few non-English transcription platforms for citizen science. This is why in Belgium we built DoeDat, from the Digivol system of the Atlas of Living Australia. We will be demonstrating DoeDat and its multilingual features. We will explain how we enter translations, both for the user interface and for the dynamic parts of the website. We will share our experiences of running a multilingual site and the challenges it brings. Translating and running such a website requires skilled personnel and patience. However, our experience has been positive and the number and quality of our volunteer transcriptions has been rewarding. We look forward to the further use of DoeDat to transcribe data in many other languages. There are no reasons anymore to exclude willing volunteers in any language.
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Schabert, Ina. "Translation Trouble: Gender Indeterminacy in English Novels and their French Versions." Translation and Literature 19, no. 1 (2010): 72–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0968136109000776.
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In English literature, characters of indeterminate sex created by novelists range from the ambi-gendered narrators in Victorian novels to the protagonists of Virginia Woolf's Orlando, Brigid Brophy's In Transit, Angela Carter's The Passion of New Eve, and Jeanette Winterson's Written on the Body. A unique experiment in French is Anne Garréta's Sphinx. Translating such texts from one language into the other is a challenge; different strategies of ‘degendering’ have to be used in Germanic and Romance languages respectively. This essay discusses examples of translations which successfully preserve gender indeterminacy, but also translations which ignore authorial intentions and reintroduce gender markings. Typical strategies are observed as well as imaginative solutions for special situations.
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Bergh, Gunnar, and Sölve Ohlander. "Loan translations versus direct loans: The impact of English on European football lexis." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 40, no. 1 (2017): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586517000014.
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Football language may be regarded as the world's most widespread special language, where English has played a key role. The focus of the present study is the influence of English football vocabulary in the form of loan translations, contrasted with direct loans, as manifested in 16 European languages from different language families (Germanic, Romance, Slavic, etc.). Drawing on a set of 25 English football words (match, corner, dribble, offside, etc.), the investigation shows that there is a great deal of variation between the languages studied. For example, Icelandic shows the largest number of loan translations, while direct loans are most numerous in Norwegian; overall, combining direct loans and loan translations, Finnish displays the lowest number of English loans. The tendencies noted are discussed, offering some tentative explanations of the results, where both linguistic and sociolinguistic factors, such as language similarity and attitudes to borrowing, are considered.
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Bogle, Desrine. "Traduire la créolisation." Translating Creolization 2, no. 2 (2016): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttmc.2.2.01bog.
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This article proposes the translatological approach called intracultural translation, that is, translation within the same language-culture, coined by Desrine Bogle (2014), with specific reference and application to the Creole language using H. P. Grice’s conversational implicature, Venuti’s application to translation, and Roman Jakobson’s intralinguistic translation as theoretical frameworks. Mirroring the approach of the translator working within Romance languages who employs the Latin roots of these languages to judiciously resolve difficult translation issues, the concept of intracultural translation reinforces the notion of a Creole world view, product of a shared history, as evidenced through a shared linguistic and cultural heritage or “storehouse” from which translators of Creole texts can freely select elements to undertake their activity of intercultural transfer. In seeking to affirm and maintain the cohesiveness of Creole identity against the homogenizing effect of globalization, intracultural translation, currently underexplored and underexploited, is presented as a viable translatological approach to texts in Creole. Intracultural translation is exemplified through a case study of the English translations of three French Creole proverbs in the French Caribbean novel Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle by Simone Schwarz-Bart.
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Cosma, Iulia. "Passion, Duty, and Fame: Women Translators of Cuore into Romanian (1893-1936)." Belas Infiéis 9, no. 3 (2020): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/belasinfieis.v9.n3.2020.30834.
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The second half of the nineteenth century saw a proliferation of translations from romance languages into Romanian as a consequence of the economic and cultural development of the Romanian society. In this context, 1893 saw the publication of the first Romanian translation of De Amicis’s Cuore (Heart): An Italian Schoolboy’s Journal, by Clelia Bruzzesi (1836-1903). The twentieth century brought five other versions, two of them signed by women translators: Sofia Nădejde (1856-1946) in 1916 and Mia Frollo (1885-1962) in 1936. Until recently, Cuore was part of the primary school curriculum in Romania, so the text left a mark on the cultural history of the country. This paper aims to raise awareness of the often neglected translation activity of women and to reveal Bruzzesi, Nădejde and Frollo’s place in society as well their motivations and the public reception of their translations.
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Garstad, Benjamin. "Alexander’s Gate and the Unclean Nations: Translation, Textual Appropriation, and the Construction of Barriers." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 8, no. 1 (2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t9704z.
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The Alexander Romance and the Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius deserve a place in any discussion of the impact of the translator’s work on the construction of memory in multicultural societies. Both works are remarkable as the products and the objects of translation throughout the middle ages. Successive recensions of the Alexander Romance were translated, either from the original Greek or from Latin translations, into numerous vernacular languages until there were popular versions of the Romance in circulation from Iceland to Indonesia. The Apocalypse was first written in Syriac at the isolated monastery of Singara, but under the impulse of the initial Arab conquests it was translated into Greek and then Latin for a readership that stretched from one end of the Mediterranean to the other; translations into various vernaculars were made throughout the middle ages in places as far apart as England and Russia. The remarkable extent to which translation made both the Romance and the Apocalypse available to ever wider audiences has long been recognized. What has not necessarily been appreciated to the same extent is the cultural impact of these translations, especially in regard to the contact and conflict of cultures. I would like to redress this neglect by drawing attention to the implications of a single episode, one borrowed from the Apocalypse into a later recension of the Romance and perhaps the most famous incident in either work: Alexander walling up the Unclean Nations, the agents of the End Times, beyond the Mountains of the North. Up to the appearance of this incident Alexander had been seen, as he perhaps still is, as a conqueror who extended not only his own realm, but the cultural sphere of the Greeks as well, drawing barbarian peoples into the civilized world of the oikoumene. Under the impact of the Arab conquests, I will argue, Alexander was given the very different, but just as formidable, task of excluding foreign and exotic peoples from a world which was ideally homogeneous, represented by his confining of the Unclean Nations. This act symbolizes the reaction which characterized the next several centuries of Byzantine strategy, of retrenchment, defense of the frontiers, and assimilation of all deviant groups (pagans, heretics, and Jews) within the borders. The memory of Alexander inspired by repeated translations of the Romance and Apocalypse spawned this xenophobic response not only in Byzantium, but throughout Europe, until the Turks were at the gates of Vienna in 1683. Perhaps its legacy can still be discerned today in the inclination toward eschatological hysteria provoked by the perceived aggression of the Muslim world.
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Girju, Roxana. "The Syntax and Semantics of Prepositions in the Task of Automatic Interpretation of Nominal Phrases and Compounds: A Cross-Linguistic Study." Computational Linguistics 35, no. 2 (2009): 185–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli.06-77-prep13.
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In this article we explore the syntactic and semantic properties of prepositions in the context of the semantic interpretation of nominal phrases and compounds. We investigate the problem based on cross-linguistic evidence from a set of six languages: English, Spanish, Italian, French, Portuguese, and Romanian. The focus on English and Romance languages is well motivated. Most of the time, English nominal phrases and compounds translate into constructions of the form N P N in Romance languages, where the P (preposition) may vary in ways that correlate with the semantics. Thus, we present empirical observations on the distribution of nominal phrases and compounds and the distribution of their meanings on two different corpora, based on two state-of-the-art classification tag sets: Lauer's set of eight prepositions and our list of 22 semantic relations. A mapping between the two tag sets is also provided. Furthermore, given a training set of English nominal phrases and compounds along with their translations in the five Romance languages, our algorithm automatically learns classification rules and applies them to unseen test instances for semantic interpretation. Experimental results are compared against two state-of-the-art models reported in the literature.
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Mohammadpour, Fahime, Mohammadtaghi Shahnazari-Dorcheh, and Mahmoud Afrouz. "Looking through the lens of Bourdieu: A corpus-based Study of English Romance Fiction Translation." Hikma 19, no. 2 (2020): 327–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/hikma.v19i2.12871.
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Habitus is one of the key concepts of the Bourdieusian sociology which Translation Studies has benefited. Based on the Bourdieusian sociological model, this study investigated the translatorial habitus of the Iranian translators of English romance novels as far as the translation strategies of culture-specific items (CSIs) are concerned before and after the Cultural Revolution of 1980 in Iran. The research data include 4282 sentences containing CSIs extracted from Rebecca, Sense and Sensibility, and The Great Gatsby, and their two Persian translations. The extracted data were analyzed, adopting a consolidated typology of translation procedures for CSIs. The strategies employed for translating CSIs are presented with frequencies and percentages using descriptive statistics. Moreover, the results were corroborated with a qualitative analysis of some archived interviews printed in Motarjem [the translator] journal. The investigation revealed three essential findings: a marked source-oriented tendency among Iranian translators of the English romance novels when translating CSIs in the Pre-Cultural Revolution era, maintaining the same tendency in the Post-Cultural Revolution era, and finally a growing tendency in moving from Pre- to Post-Cultural Revolution era. The results of the Chi-square test highlighted a significant difference between various strategies used in two eras.
9
Kalinina, A. S. "Peculiarities of the embodiment of H. Heine’s poetry translations in the vocal cycle of D. Klebanov." Aspects of Historical Musicology 13, no. 13 (2018): 74–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-13.06.
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Statement of the problem. There are a lot of works in the national musicology focusing on the study of vocal chamber music for voice and piano by Ukrainian composers of the 20th century. Researchers cover quite a wide range of issues regarding vocal pieces and touch upon the problems of cyclocreation, dramaturgy, features of musical and linguistic means, etc. However, they rarely pay attention to translation, though there are many vocal opuses, in which composers use foreign poetry. In this case, the specifi c choice of the translated sample helps to determine the principles of the composer’s approach to the embodiment of the poetic text, especially in comparison with other works based on the same sources. Hence separate songs from D. Klebanov’s vocal cycle on the poems of H. Heine did not become an exception, thereby confi rming the relevance of the proposed topic. The purpose of the article is to determine specifi c features of the embodiment of H. Heine’s poetry translations in the vocal cycle of D. Klebanov on the basis of two romances – “In a grove, on a wild path”, “My love, lay your hand on my heart”, as compared to the works of other composers of the twentieth century . To achieve the research objectives the following methods were used: historical, structural-functional, genre-style and comparative. Results. Under consideration are peculiarities of the embodiment of H. Heine’s poetry translations in the vocal cycle of D. Klebanov, one of the founders of Kharkiv composition school. For this work the author took eight verses from the fi rst two cycles of the “Book of Songs” by the German poet. They were based on the motives of love poems with vivid images of nature; sometimes the poems are full of sadness, a sense of loneliness. When D. Klebanov was choosing certain samples from different poetic cycles, he tried to stick to the plot of the “Book of Songs”, since he ordered the poems in the same way they were written in the collection. Another indicator of the composer’s relation to Heiner’s texts is the choice of poetic works which are given in the cycle in Ukrainian and Russian languages. The composer’s individual vision of Heine’s lyric poetry is clearly seen when compared to the vocal works of other composers of the twentieth century, M. Medtner and E. Denisov, written on the same poetic texts. In cross-romances, similar musical-linguistic means are used, including the metrical principle of vocalization of the poetic text, homophonic-harmonic structure, harmony of classical-romantic type. However, each of the composers renders the fi gurative and semantic implications of the poems in their own way. M. Medtner builds his romance “My love, lay your hand on my heart” according to the crescendo principle. Beginning with a quieter dynamics, the composer gradually increases the volume of the sound, which at the end leads to a general climax that moves from the point of the golden section. D. Klebanov chose a different way – to reinforce the dramatism of the poem. This was possible thanks to various musical and linguistic means: a strict, intense melody in the bass doubled in the sixth with a chromatic motion and semiquavers at the end of each bar in the last line of the fi rst stanza, designation Meno mosso, chromaticized vocal melody. The composers’ choice of poetic translations depends on the place and role of the romance in the general structure of the cycle. The eight-part composition of D. Klebanov is based on the wave principle of the plot development. The original four romances pave the way to the fi rst climax – unrequited love in the fi rst romance (“Every morning I awake and ask”), painful memories in the second one (“In a grove, on a wild path”), a tragic image in the third one (“My love, lay your hand on my heart “), and an attempt to overcome the pain in the fourth romance (“First I was afraid of darkness”). Further on, the development is based on contrast: the image of death in the fi fth romance (“Your lovely face, so fair and dear”), a subtle feeling of love in the sixth one (“Oh, let me plunge my heart”), worries because of the marriage of a loved one to another guy in the seventh romance (“I hear the fl ute and the fi ddle”) and disappointment in her spiritual values in the last one (“The violets blue”). Such a location of the third romance justifi es the choice of translation, where the colours are thickening and the content becomes even darker. Such kind of a fi gurative and semantic plot resembles the tradition of a romantic vocal cycle, in which the emotional state of the lyrical character, his emotional collisions сome to the fore. In this perspective, “ 3 Poems of H. Heine” by D. Medtner demonstrate another relationship between the romances of the cycle. All of them have feelings of sorrow, despair circle, a no-go. At the same time, distancing from the immediate events is felt, as if it is a look at someone else’s life, which is evidenced by the storytelling from the third person in the second and third romances. Therefore, the fi rst romance, based on the poem “My love, lay your hand on my heart”, is a kind of “preface” to the cycle, which involves some personal detachment. This leads to the selection of softened content in the translated version of the poem. The second romance, “In a grove, on a wild path”, has a similar function in the vocal cycle of D. Klebanov as it became the preparation for the climax of the third one. The semantic line of his poem is based on two storylines: the external one is the “theme of the journey” that is refl ected in the image of nature, and the internal one is the “theme of sadness”, which focuses on the feelings of the lyrical hero. The composer here, like Анна in the third romance, deepens the line of inner experiences. This became possible thanks to the Tranquillo tempo, fl at minor tonality, massive discordant accompaniment chords, variable measure, melody of the recitative-oratorial type. H. Heine’s poem, presented in the work of D. Klebanov, became the basis of the fi fth romance of E. Denisov’s vocal opus. Like the Ukrainian master, E. Denisov builds his cycle in the spirit of the romantic tradition, but in revealing the fi gurative structure of the poem he goes a different way. He makes a clear distinction between two fi gurativesemantic lines. This is refl ected in the form of a romance that has the features of binarity and variability, the embodiment of the metro-rhythmic structure of the verse based on two opposing principles - metric and cantilena, as well as other means of musical expression. Thus, choosing the same poem by H. Heine, D. Klebanov and E. Denisov represent their own vision of its content. Conclusions The comparative analysis of the embodiment of Heine’s texts by D. Klebanov and other composers of the twentieth century helps to highlight the individual approach of the Ukrainian artist. Despite the fact that the composer chooses similar means of musical expression, he fi nds his own way of refl ecting the semantics of the poetic source. In the above mentioned romances – “In a grove, on a wild path” and “My love, lay your hand on my heart” – the author focuses on the inner confl icts of the lyrical hero, his experiences. Attention paid to the sensory side of the poems also determined the selected translations, since the rejection of translators from the original results in a certain deformation of its meaning and fi gurative structure, which infl uences the musical embodiment of the poetic source.
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Casanellas, Pere. "Bible Translation by Jews and Christians in Medieval Catalan-Speaking Territories." Medieval Encounters 26, no. 4-5 (2020): 386–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340080.
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Abstract Despite bans on the reading or possession of Bibles in the vernacular, numerous medieval Catalan translations of the Bible survive, in particular a complete Bible from the fourteenth century, some ten psalters, and a fifteenth-century version of the four Gospels. Moreover, Catalan was the second Romance language in which a full Bible was printed (1478), following the Tuscan Bible of 1471. Most of these translations were commissioned by Christians for the use of Christians. In some cases, however, it is clear that the translators were converted Jews. In some others, the translations appear to have been written by Jews for Jewish readers. We also find one case in which Catalan was the source rather than the target language: the first extant translation of the four Gospels into Hebrew (late fifteenth century) was undertaken, probably by a Jew, using the aforementioned fourteenth-century Catalan Bible.
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Gorlée, Dinda L. "Intersemioticity and intertextuality: Picaresque and romance in opera." Sign Systems Studies 44, no. 4 (2016): 587–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2016.44.4.06.
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Jakobson introduced the concept of intersemioticity as transmutation of verbal signs by nonverbal sign systems (1959). Intersemioticity generates the linguistic-and- cultural elements of intersemiosis (from without), crystallizing mythology and archetypal symbolism, and intertextuality (from within), analyzing the human emotions in the cultural situation of language-and-music aspects. The operatic example of Ibsen’s Peer Gynt (1867) intertextualized the cultural trends of Scandinavia. This literary script was set to music by Grieg to make an operatic expression. After the “picaresque” adventures, Peer Gynt ends in a “romantic” revelation. Grieg’s music reworded and rephrased the script in musical verse and rhythm, following the intertextuality of Nordic folk music and Wagner’s fashionable operas. Ibsen’s Peer Gynt text has since been translated in Jakobson’s “translation proper” to other languages. After 150 years, the vocal translation of the operatic text needs the “intersemiotic translation or transmutation” to modernize the translated text and attract present-day audiences.
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Szpiech, Ryan. "Translating between the Lines: Medieval Polemic, Romance Bibles, and the Castilian Works of Abner of Burgos/Alfonso of Valladolid." Medieval Encounters 22, no. 1-3 (2016): 113–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342218.
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The Hebrew works of convert Abner de Burgos/Alfonso de Valladolid (d. ca. 1347) were translated into Castilian in the fourteenth century, at least partly and probably entirely by Abner/Alfonso himself. Because the author avoids Christian texts and cites abundantly from Hebrew sources, his writing includes many passages taken from the Hebrew Bible and the Talmud. The Castilian versions of his works translate these citations directly from Hebrew and do not seem to make any direct use of existing Romance-language Bibles (although his work might have relied indirectly on Jewish Bible translations circulating orally in the fourteenth century). Given the abundance of citations, especially in Abner/Alfonso’s earliest surviving work, the Moreh ṣedeq (Mostrador de justicia), his writing can serve as a significant source in the history of Hebrew-to-Romance Bible translation in the fourteenth century. The goal of this article is to consider the impact of polemical writing on Bible translation in the Middle Ages by analyzing these citations in Abner/Alfonso’s Castilian works.
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Rios, Miguel, and Serge Sharoff. "Language Adaptation for Extending Post-Editing Estimates for Closely Related Languages." Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 106, no. 1 (2016): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pralin-2016-0017.
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Abstract This paper presents an open-source toolkit for predicting human post-editing efforts for closely related languages. At the moment, training resources for the Quality Estimation task are available for very few language directions and domains. Available resources can be expanded on the assumption that MT errors and the amount of post-editing required to correct them are comparable across related languages, even if the feature frequencies differ. In this paper we report a toolkit for achieving language adaptation, which is based on learning new feature representation using transfer learning methods. In particular, we report performance of a method based on Self-Taught Learning which adapts the English-Spanish pair to produce Quality Estimation models for translation from English into Portuguese, Italian and other Romance languages using the publicly available Autodesk dataset.
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Ivanov, N. V. "School of Roman Languages." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(38) (October 28, 2014): 234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-234-236.
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Department of Romance languages (Italian, Portuguese and Latin) named after professor T.Z. Cherdantseva was created November 26, 2002. The main task of the department is a professionally-oriented teaching of Italian and Portuguese (both as first and a second language) for all faculties of MGIMO-University in all majors and minors on both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Special attention is paid to teaching courses on socio-political, economic and legal translation. Teaching begins with a zero level, and by the end of training a student reaches a level of high proficiency. In accordance with the agreements with ICA (Portugal) a lecturer from the Institute Camöes (Portugal) João Mendonça conducts classes on spoken language, listening and abstracting. He also lectures on the history and culture of Portugal and co-authored (with G. Petrova) a textbook "Portuguese for Beginners".
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Carlier, Anne, and Béatrice Lamiroy. "The emergence of the grammatical paradigm of nominal determiners in French and in Romance: Comparative and diachronic perspectives." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 63, no. 2 (2018): 141–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2017.43.
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AbstractThis article is devoted to the emergence of a new paradigm in French and Romance: that of nominal determiners. Latin had no articles, and although possessives, demonstratives and indefinites could determine the noun, they could also be used as pronouns or adjectives, so that the morpho-syntactic category of nominal determiners did not exist as such. We first examine the diachronic evolution of French, where a far-reaching grammaticalization process took place. Syntagmatically, all determiners end up in the NP-initial position as the only available syntactic slot, contributing to the highly configurational NP pattern characteristic of Modern French. From a paradigmatic viewpoint, determiners no longer correspond to a syntactic function, but to a separate morpho-syntactic category. We also evaluate to what extent this evolution took place in two other Romance languages, Italian and Spanish. Through the analysis of this particular evolution, based on parallel corpora consisting of a Latin text and its translations in Old, Middle, and Modern French on the one hand, and in Spanish and Italian on the other, our study also provides evidence for more general mechanisms, analogy in particular, at work in the creation of new paradigms.
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Ewa Półtorak. "PODEJŚCIE DO BŁĘDU W NAUCE JĘZYKÓW OBCYCH – PERSPEKTYWA UCZNIA." Neofilolog, no. 53/2 (December 30, 2019): 263–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2019.53.2.8.
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The aim of the paper is to reflect on the problem of errors in the foreign language teaching-learning process from the learner’s perspective. The author proposes to investigate learners’ beliefs and opinions related to the role of errors in foreign language learning process. The problem will be discussed in the context of the teaching-learning process of French as a second language to adult beginners. The study was conducted among the students of the Institute of Romance Languages and Translation Studies at the University of Silesia. The data collected was analysed and divided into subject categories in order to provide an overall view of students’ beliefs and attitudes towards errors.
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Burnett, Heather. "Sentential Negation in North-eastern Gallo-Romance dialects: insights from the Atlas Linguistique de la France." Journal of French Language Studies 29, no. 2 (2019): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269519000218.
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AbstractThis article argues that data from the Atlas Linguistique de la France (ALF, Edmont and Gilliéron, 1902–1910) can shed light on the fine-grained syntax of sentential negation in the Oïl dialects spoken in North Eastern France, Belgium and Switzerland. The Gallo-Romance dialects spoken in this area possess a larger variety of negative structures than those found in (Standard) French: in addition to ne…pas, ne can be followed by negations mie, pont or even appear alone. Although the dialects under study are highly endangered, I show how we can use syntactic data ‘hidden’ in the ALF to study their syntactic patterns. I present a quantitative study of variation in sentential negation in authentic transcriptions and French translations of the 22 negative data points in the ALF at 150 points in France, Belgium and Switzerland (N = 2989). I show that the pont form is significantly more frequent in negative constructions with ‘weak NPs’ (de phrases) and that there is a significant correlation between dropping of secondary negation and the ability of the secondary negation mie to be realized as an enclitic -m. This study supports Dagnac (2018)’s conclusion that the ALF is an invaluable tool for the study of syntactic microvariation in France.
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Guillot, Marie-Noëlle. "Subtitling’s cross-cultural expressivity put to the test: A cross-sectional study of linguistic and cultural representation across Romance and Germanic languages." Multilingua 38, no. 5 (2019): 505–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2018-0116.
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Abstract This article focuses on linguistic and cultural representation in AVT as a medium of intercultural literacy. It has two objectives: it puts to the test increasingly accepted assumptions about AVT modalities’ distinctive meaning potential and expressive capacity, with a case study of communicative practices in their representation, via AVT, in subtitles across Romance and Germanic languages. The second objective is to make a start on a neglected question to date, by considering, concurrently, the respective potential for representation of different types of languages, Indo-European in the first instance, in different pair configurations. The study applies to (Romance) French, Italian, Spanish and (Germanic) English and German and uses a cross-cultural pragmatics framework to explore representation, per se and comparatively across the languages represented in the main data, Lonnergan’s 2016 feature film Manchester by the Sea. Data is approached qualitatively from a target text end in the first instance and primarily, in a subset of scenes from across the film. Quantitative analysis is used complementarily for diagnostic purposes or as a complementary source of evidence, with initial focus on types of features identified in earlier studies as a locus of stylised representation in subtitling with evidence of distinctive pragmatic indexing (e.g. pronominal address, greetings, thanking). The study is a pilot study and is exploratory at this stage, but part of a broader endeavour to inform debates about, and build up the picture of, AVT as cross-cultural mediation and, ultimately, promote our understanding of films in translation’s societal impact.
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Krzywy, Roman. "Polska epika bohaterska przed i po „Gofredzie”." Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis | Studia Historicolitteraria 20 (December 20, 2020): 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20811853.20.6.
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The article is a review of the most important trends in the development of the Polish epic in the 16th and 17th centuries. In the absence of significant traditions of knightly works, the creation of Polish heroic poetry should be associated primarily with the humanistic movement, whose representatives set a heroic epic at the top of the hierarchy of genres and recognized 'Eneid' as its primary model. The postulate proposed first by the Renaissance and later by the Baroque authors did not lead to the creation of a ‘real’ epic in Poland. The translations of: the Virgil’s epic poem (1590) by Andrzej Kochanowski and Book 3 of 'The Iliad' by Jan Kochanowski can be regarded as the genre substitutes. These translations seem to test whether the young Polish poetic language is able to bear the burden of an epic matter. Then again, the works of Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski on the Latin 'Lechias' (the 1st half of the 17th century), which was to present the beginnings of the Polish state, were not completed. Polish Renaissance authors preferred themes from modern or even recent history, choosing 'Bellum civile' by Lucan as their general model but they did not refrain from typically heroic means in the presentation of the subject. This is evidenced by such poems as 'The Prussian War' (1516) by Joannis Vislicensis or 'Radivilias' (1592) by Jan Radwan. The Latin epic works were followed by the vernacular epic in the 17th century, when the historical epic poems by Samuel Twardowski and Wacław Potocki were created, as well as in the 18th century (the example of 'The Khotyn War' by Ignacy Krasicki). The publication of Torquato Tasso’s 'Jerusalem delivered' translation by Piotr Kochanowski in 1618 introduced to the Polish literature a third variant of an epic poem, which is a combination of a heroic poem and romance motives. The translation gained enormous recognition among literary audiences and was quickly included in the canon of imitated works, but not as a model of an epic, but mainly as a source of ideas and poetic phrases (it was used not only by epic poets). The exception here is the anonymous epos entitled 'The siege of Jasna Góra of Częstochowa', whose author spiced the historical action of the recent event with romance themes, an evident reference to the Tasso’s poem. The Polish translation of Tasso’s masterpiece also contributed to the popularity of the ottava rima, as an epic verse from the second half of the 17th century (previously the Polish alexandrine dominated as the equivalent of the ancient hexameter). This verse was used both in the historical and biblical epic poems, striving to face the rhythmic challenge.
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Rajšp, Vincenc. "Adam Bohorič, Slovenci in Slovani v predgovoru Arcticae horulae v evropskem kontekstu." Stati inu obstati, revija za vprašanja protestantizma 16, no. 32 (2020): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26493/2590-9754.16(32)269-286.
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Adam Bohorič, Slovenes and Slavs in the Preface to Arcticae horulae in the European Context The paper is dedicated to Adam Bohorič and his view of the Slavic world in the introduction to the grammar Arcticae horulae—Free Winter Hours, based on the translation and edition by Jože Toporišič from 1987. Adam Bohorič was connected with the Reformation movement in German lands, especially with Wittenberg, where he studied and where his grammar, as well as Dalmatin’s translation of the Bible, was printed. Bohorič could observe German developments in the sphere of religious reformation, as well as their efforts concerning language, where the Germans were catching up with the Romance languages. Important German grammars were published in the 1570s, just a few years before Bohorič’s grammar, which shows that he caught up with his contemporaries and it could no longer be said that Slovenes were behind the times. Although many of Bohorič’s views on the Slavic world are no longer shared today, one should bear in mind that they were based on the knowledge of the time in the context of a Renaissance humanistic view of the past. Keywords: Bohorič, grammar, Slovenes, Protestantism
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Mooney, Damien, and James Hawkey. "The variable palatal lateral in Occitan and Catalan: linguistic transfer or regular sound change?" Journal of French Language Studies 29, no. 2 (2019): 281–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269519000127.
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ABSTRACTOccitan and Catalan are in an increasing state of language obsolescence in France. Their phonologies both contain a voiced palatal lateral approximant /ʎ/, not present in modern French, that is being replaced in all positions by the palatal approximant [j]. It is not clear whether this is an effect of language contact with French because [j] commonly emerges as a variant of /ʎ/ in non-contact varieties of Romance. This article examines the distribution of /ʎ/ in Occitan and Catalan, using auditory and acoustic data from a wordlist-translation task conducted with 40 native speakers. The analysis aims to determine the nature of this sound change either as the result of transfer from French or as a regular sound change that is motivated by the phonetic similarity of [ʎ] and [j]. The mechanisms governing transfer from French are modelled statistically to account for the distribution of historically appropriate and contact-induced variants of /ʎ/, and acoustic analyses test the hypothesis that the change is internally motivated and occurring gradually. Results show that the factors conditioning the change may be different in each of these related languages in that it is contact-induced in Occitan, but potentially due to internal and external factors in Catalan.
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Konior, Daria V. "Patterns and Mechanisms of Lexical Changes in the Languages of Symbiotic Communities: Kinship Terminology in Karashevo (Banat, Romania)." Slovene 9, no. 1 (2020): 381–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2020.9.1.14.
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This article deals with the ethnolinguistic situation in one of the most archaic areas of language and cultural contact between South Slavic and Eastern Romance populations — the Karashevo microregion in Banat, Romania. For the first time, the lexical-semantic group of kinship terms in the Krashovani dialects from the Slavic-speaking village of Carașova and the Romanian-speaking village of Iabalcea is being analysed in a comparative perspective as two separate linguistic codes which “serve” the same local culture. The main goal of the research was to investigate patterns of borrowing mechanisms which could link lexical (sub)systems of spiritual cultureunder the conditions of intimate language contact in symbiotic communities. It will be shown that, in such situations, the equivalent translation becomes relevant as a specific strategy of linguistic code interrelationships. Even though kinship terminology in closely contacting dialectshas the potential to help linguists trace back the socio-historical conditions and outcomes of language contact (such as marriage patterns), linguistic methods have their limitations in the case of poorly documented vernaculars. These limitations could be overcome by compiling more data on “isocontacting” communities and, possibly, by analysing this data using quantitative tools.
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Jeep, John M. "Stabreimende Wortpaare in den früheren Werken Hartmanns von Aue: Erec, Klage, Minnesang." Yearbook of Phraseology 7, no. 1 (2016): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2016-0004.
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Abstract Building upon recent phraseological studies on Old High and Middle High German texts, the alliterating word pairs in the early works of Hartmann von Aue are catalogued and analyzed philologically, thus contributing to an emerging complete listing of the paired rhetorical expressions through the Early Middle High German period. The first extant courtly Arthurian romance, Hartmann's Erec, a shorter piece of his known as Diu Klage, and a handful of poems he composed are by all indications from the last decade of the twelfth century, despite later manuscript transmission. Each pair is listed, described in the context in which it appears, and compared with any extant pairs from earlier German works. What emerge are insights into the evolution of these expressions, in some cases through centuries. On the one hand, Hartmann employs alliterating expressions that date to the Old High German period, while on the other hand apparently creating new ones. As in findings in earlier texts, pairs recorded on multiple occasions are likely to have been used by other authors. Typical for medieval German texts – when compared to similar modern expressions – is the insight that there is a fair amount of variation concerning the sequence of the alliterating elements and/or the inclusion of morpho-syntactic modifiers such as pronouns, possessives, adjectives, or adverbs. Modern translations of Hartmann's works into German and English show just how varied these phrases can appear in translation. When known, later examples of the alliterating word-pairs are cited, albeit for obvious reasons only in an incomplete fashion. The long-term project is designed to continue to chart the emergence of the early German alliterating word-pairs chronologically.
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Capilupi, S. M., M. N. Kulikova, and A. A. Shumkov. "A Comparative Study of the Past Tense Aspects in Russian and Italian." Discourse 5, no. 5 (2019): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2019-5-5-123-135.
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Introduction. The problem of aspect categorisation in Italian, as well as in other Romance languages, is studied not so profoundly compared to what has been done in Russian linguistics. The Indo-European Presence – Aorist – Perfect in their aspectual meaning, which are the most independent forms, have turned to build the tense system both in Italian and Russian. The brightest aspectual meanings are expressed in the forms of the Past. The different perception of ‘completeness’ and ‘incompleteness’ aspects in these forms by the speakers of Italian and Russian is probably connected with the peculiarities of the tense formation on the deep level of the language system. So, additional grammar comments are needed. Methodology and sources. The main language unit is believed to be the semifinitive. Thereby we can facilitate the application of formal logical modelling to the description and explanation of syntactic phenomena. The material of the investigation is the surface structure of a predicate, which is formed, on the deep level, by a verbal semifinitive and a time specifier.Results and discussion. A scheme has been elaborated, demonstrating, how a verbal semifinitive becomes polarised by a time specifier. The whole range of aspectual variants, which may occur in a predicate due to the interaction of its constituents through their charges, has been shown. It is reasoned about a charge on participle II. The notion of polarisation is added to the notions of Indefinite or Perfect aspects to represent traditional grammar tenses more exact. This investigation allows to establish a correspondence of Italian and Russian tenses to different charge states of a semifinitive, touched by a specifier. It is rather admittable that the difference between incomplete and complete aspects in Russian is expressed by participles II, which are in complex semifinitives, and in Italian – by simple semifinitives.Conclusion. A comparative analysis of the verbal aspect category in Indo-European tenses, including the past ones, can be carried out, to our mind, both by stemming from the polarisation peculiarities of verbal semifinitives, and through investigation of literature translations, where correspondence is established on the level of language examples. In this case the genetic identity of Indo-European constructions has a chance to be represented as evidently as possible.
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Bawardi, Basiliyus. "First Steps in Writing Arabic Narrative Fiction: The Case of Hadīqat al-Akhbār." Die Welt des Islams 48, no. 2 (2008): 170–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006008x335921.
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AbstractThis study tracks the significant literary activity of the Beirut newspaper Hadīqat al-Akhbār (1858-1911) in its first ten years. A textual examination of the newspaper reveals that Khalīl al-Khūrī (1836-1907), a central figure of the nahda and the owner of Hadīqat al-Akhbār, believed that an adoption of a new Western literary genre into the traditional Arabic literary tradition would provide the Arab culture with tools for reviving the Arabic language and create new styles of expression. The textual analysis of numerous narrative fictions that were published in the newspaper demonstrates two significant matters: first, Hadīqat al-Akhbār was the first Arabic newspaper to publish translations from Western narrative fiction, especially from the French Romance stories. Secondly, it will be shown how Khalīl al-Khūrī constructed a fetal model of Arabic narrative fiction by publishing a fictional narrative of his own, Wayy, idhan lastu bi-ifranjī (Alas, I'm not a foreigner), in 1859-1861. The literary activity in Hadīqat al-Akhbār, as the following study illustrates, played a substantial role in changing the aesthetic literary taste, and paved the way for the birth of an authentic Arabic narrative fiction.
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Álvarez Huerta, Olga. "La primera traducción del llatín al asturianu: el Fueru de Lleón / The first Latin translation into Asturian: the Fueru de Lleón (the Code of Law of León)." Lletres Asturianes, no. 122 (March 20, 2020): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/llaa.122.2020.41-62.
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L’oxetivu principal d’esti trabayu ye analizar tolos aspeutos relativos al procesu de traducción a llingua romance d’un fueru llatinu del que la primer copia caltenida remonta al primer cuartu del sieglu XII y atópase na Catedral d’Uviéu. Del testu romance llegaron a nós tres versiones llixeramente distintes, toes elles del sieglu XIII. La comparanza d’eses tres versiones col testu llatinu dexa concluyir que son resultáu d’un únicu procesu de traducción en que’l traductor caltúvose escrupulosamente fiel al testu orixinal, pero esforzóse tamién n’afaer la sintaxis llatina al romance. Como hai ciertes diferencies ente los tres testos romances foi necesaria la revisión rigurosa de los mesmos, pa pescudar cuál de les versiones ye o representa más fielmente’l testu orixinal. De resultes d’ello concluyóse que nenguna d’elles ye la traducción orixinal, sinón que les tres copies unvien a un orixinal perdíu y propónse tamién que, de les tres versiones romances llegaes hasta nós, la del monesteriu de Benevívere ye la más cercana al que sedría’l testu de la traducción orixinal. El testu de Benevívere déxanos añadir dellos datos de tipu llingüísticu non consideraos en trabayos anteriores que taben basaos nos otros dos manuscritos (el d’El Escorial y el de la Real Academia de la Hestoria). Estos datos, fundamentalmente de tipu léxicu, abonden na caracterización como asturianu de la llingua de la traducción orixinal.Pallabres clave: asturianu, llatín, traducción, documentación medieval, Fueru de Lleón.The main goal of this paper is to analyse the translation process of a Latin code of law, the so-called Fueru de Lleón, into a Romance language. The first known copy of this code, or ‘fuero’, dates back to the first quarter of the 12th century and can be found in the Cathedral of Uviéu. Three slightly different versions from the 13th century Romance language text have been preserved and their comparison with the Latin source text reveals that they result from the same translation process in which the translator was completely faithful to the Latin text, while at the same time he made efforts to adjust the Latin syntax to the Romance language form. As there are several differences between the three Romance texts, a rigorous revision was necessary to explore which one represented the source Latin text more faithfully. The analysis concluded that none of them was the original target text, and that the three of them point at a lost original text. It is also suggested that, from the three versions preserved to present times, the text from the Monastery of Benevívere is the closest one to the original translation. The Benevívere text introduces new linguistic data which were not considered in previous work and which are based on two other manuscripts (the text from the Monastery of the Escorial and the one from the Royal Academy of History). These data, mainly lexical, reinforce the idea that Asturian was the target language of the original translation.Key words: Asturian, Latin, translation, medieval documentation, Fueru de Lleón.
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Wang, Duangui. "Re-semantization of A. Pushkin’s poetry in the creative work of V. Kosenko (on the example of “The Five Romances”, op. 20)." Problems of Interaction Between Arts, Pedagogy and the Theory and Practice of Education 50, no. 50 (2018): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum1-50.07.
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Formulation of the problem. In the chamber-vocal genre, the composer exists in two images: he is both the interpreter of the poetic composition and the author of a new synthetic music and poetic composition. The experience of the style analysis of one of the best examples of Ukrainian vocal lyrics of the first third of the 20th century shows that the cycle op. 20 characterizes the mature style of the composer, which was formed, on the one hand, under the influence of European Romanticism. On the other hand, the essence of the Ukrainian “branch” of the Western European song-romance (“solo-singing”) is revealed by the prominent national song-romance intonation, filled with not only a romantic worldview, but also with some personal sincerity, chastity, intimate involvement with the great in depth and simplicity poetry line, read from the individual position of the musician. The paradox is as follows. Although Pushkin’s poetry is embodied in a “holistic adequacy” (A. Khutorskaya), and the composer found the fullest semantic analogue of the poetic source, however, in terms of translating the text into the Ukrainian language, the musical semantics changes its intonation immanence, which naturally leads to inconsistency of the listeners’ position and ideas about the style of Russian romance. We are dealing with inter-specific literary translation: Pushkin’s discourse creates the Ukrainian romance style and system of figurative thinking. The purpose of the article is to reveal the principle of re-semantization of the intonation-figurative concept of the vocal composition by V. Kosenko (in the context of translating Pushkin’s poetry into the Ukrainian language) in light of the theory of interspecific art translation. Analysis of recent publications on the topic. Among the most recent studies of Ukrainian musicology, one should point out the dissertation by G. Khafizova (Kyiv, 2017), in which the theory of modelling of the stylistic system of the vocal composition as an expression of Pushkin’s discourse is described. The basis for the further stylistic analysis of V. Kosenko’s compositions is the points from A. Hutorska’s candidate’s thesis; she develops the theory of interspecific art translation. The types of translation of poetry into music are classified according to two parameters. The exact translation creates integral adequacy, which involves the composer’s finding a maximally full semantic analogue of the poetic source. The free translation is characterized by compensatory, fragmentary, generalized-genre adequacy. Presenting the main material. The Zhitomir period for Viktor Kosenko was the time of the formation of his creative style. Alongside the lyrical imagery line, the composer acquired one more – dramatic, after his mother’s death. It is possible that the romances on the poems of A. Pushkin are more late reflection of this tragic experience (op. 20 was created in 1930). “I Loved You” opens the vocal cycle and has been dedicated by A. V. Kosenko. The short piano introduction contains the intonation emblem of the love-feeling wave. The form of the composition is a two part reprising (А А1) with the piano Introduction and Postlude. The semantic culmination is emphasized by the change of metro-rhythmic organization 5/4 (instead of 4) and the plastic phrase “as I wish, that the other will love you” sounding in the text. Due to these melodies (with national segments in melo-types, rhythm formulas and harmony) V. Kosenko should be considered as “Ukrainian Glinka”, the composer who introduced new forms and “figures” of the love language into the romantic “intonation dictionary”. In general, V. Kosenko’s solo-singing represents the Ukrainian analogue of Pushkin’s discourse – the theme of love. The melos of vocal piece “I Lived through My Desires” is remembered by the broad breath, bright expression of the syntactic deployment of emotion. On the background of bass ostinato, the song intonation acquires a noble courage. This solo-singing most intermediately appeal to the typical examples of the urban romance of Russian culture of the 19th century. “The Raven to the Raven” – a Scottish folk ballad in the translation by A. Pushkin. V. Kosenko as a profound psychologist, delicately transmits the techniques of versification, following each movement of a poetic phrase, builds stages of the musical drama by purely intonation means. The semantics of a death is embodied through the sound imaging of a black bird: a marching-like tempo and rhythm of the accompaniment, with a characteristic dotted pattern in a descending motion (like a raven is beating its wings). The middle section is dominated by a slow-motion perception of time space (Andante), meditative “freeze” (size 6/4). The melody contrasts with the previous section, its profile is built on the principle of descending move: from “h1” to “h” of the small octave (with a stop on S-harmony), which creates a psychologically immersed state, filled by premonition of an unexpected tragedy. In general, the Ukrainian melodic intonation intensified the tragic content of the ballad by Pushkin. The musical semantics of V. Kosenko’s romances is marked by the dependence on the romantic “musical vocabulary”, however, it is possible to indicate and national characteristics (ascending little-sixth and fifth intervals, which is filled with a gradual anti-movement; syllabic tonic versification, and other). Conclusion. The romances (“solo-singings”) by V. Kosenko belongs to the type of a free art translation with generalized-genre adequacy. There is a re-semantization of poetic images due to the national-mental intonation. Melos, rhythm, textural presentation (repetitions), stylization of different genre formulas testify to the rare beauty of Kosenko’s vocal style, spiritual strength and maturity of the master of Ukrainian vocal culture. Entering the “Slavic song area”, the style of Ukrainian romance, however, is differenced from the Russian and common European style system of figurative and intonation thinking (the picture of the world).
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Stabile, Giuseppe. "Rumanian Slavia as the Frontier of Orthodoxy. The Case of the Slavo-Rumanian Tetraevangelion of Sibiu." Studia Ceranea 9 (December 30, 2019): 59–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.09.04.
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At least from the 14th to the 17th c. – beyond their Middle Ages until their Early Modern Ages – the Rumanians belonged to the so-called Slavia Orthodoxa. Besides the Orthodox faith, they had in common with the Orthodox Slavs the Cyrillic alphabet until the 19th c. and the Church Slavonic, which was the language of the Church, of the Chancery and of the written culture, until the 17th c., although with an increasing competition of the Rumanian volgare. The crisis and decline of the Rumanian Slavonism, the rise of the local vernacular, have been related with Heterodox influences penetrated in Banat and Transylvania. Actually, the first Rumanian translations of the Holy Scriptures, in the 16th c., were promoted, if not confessionally inspired, by the Lutheran Reformation recently transplanted in Banat and Transylvania (some scholars incline to a [widely] Hussite origin of these early translations). Not only Banat and Transylvania, but also Moldavia and Wallachia (the Principalities) were crossed by the border between the Latin and the Byzantino-Slavonic world, the Slavia and the Romania. Influences from the whole Slavia – the Orthodox and the Latin Slavia, the Southern, the Eastern and the Western one – met in the Carpatho-Danubian Space describing what will be derogatively called Slavia Valachica (i.e. Rumanian): a kaleidoscope of Slavic influences in Romance milieu. The appearance of Slavo-Rumanian texts, either with alternate or parallel Church Slavonic and Rumanian, revealed that in the middle of the 16th c. the decline of Slavonism had already started. Mostly but not only in the western regions, beyond the Carpathians, which were under Latin rule, the Orthodox (“Schismatic”) clergy was less and less confident with the Slavonic. This last still remained the sacred language though largely unintelligible, whilst the vernacular still lacked sacred dignity, besides being suspect to spread Heterodoxy. The Slavo-Rumanian Tetraevangelion of Sibiu (1551–1553) is the oldest version of a biblical text in Slavonic and Rumanian and contains the oldest surviving printed text in Rumanian. Apart from evoking icastically – by its twocolumns a fronte layout – the Slavic-Rumanian linguistic border, this fragment of a Four-Gospels Book (Mt 3, 17 – 27, 55) can be considered in many senses a border text: geographically (the border between East and West), chronologically (the decline of Slavonism and the rise of the Rumanian Vernacular), culturally and confessionally (the border between the Latin [i.e. Catholic then Protestant too] West and the Byzantino-Slavonic East). This paper aims to reconstruct, as far as possible, the complex milieu in which the Tetraevangelion was translated, (maybe) redacted and printed, focusing on the Slavonisms in its Rumanian text. A special attention will be paid to any possible interaction between that mainly Latin (Lutheran-Saxon) milieu and the Rumanian Slavonism.
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Arnold, Rafael D. "Judeo-Romance varieties." Lexicographica 33, no. 2017 (2018): 321–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2017-0016.
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AbstractJudeo-Romance languages (and varieties), as other Jewish languages, too, are fusion languages. Traditionally written in the Hebrew alphabet, Jewish languages are characterized by a high impact of linguistic features of Hebrew (and Aramaic). Among the Judeo-Romance languages, which are based on Romance languages, Judeo-Spanish (hereinafter referred to as JS), the language of the expelled Jews from Iberia (known as the Sephardim), is outstanding because of its intimate contact with the dominant languages in the areas of their settlement, especially in the Ottoman territories. However, only a few dictionaries of JS list loanwords, and they seldom pay attention to their origin or to the semantic shift that occurred during the process of borrowing. A comprehensive dictionary of JS (offering etymological, historical, semantical and diasystematical information) is missing up to now.
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Arnold, Rafael D. "Judeo-Romance varieties." Lexicographica 33, no. 1 (2018): 321–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lexi-2017-0016.
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AbstractJudeo-Romance languages (and varieties), as other Jewish languages, too, are fusion languages. Traditionally written in the Hebrew alphabet, Jewish languages are characterized by a high impact of linguistic features of Hebrew (and Aramaic). Among the Judeo-Romance languages, which are based on Romance languages, Judeo-Spanish (hereinafter referred to as JS), the language of the expelled Jews from Iberia (known as the Sephardim), is outstanding because of its intimate contact with the dominant languages in the areas of their settlement, especially in the Ottoman territories. However, only a few dictionaries of JS list loanwords, and they seldom pay attention to their origin or to the semantic shift that occurred during the process of borrowing. A comprehensive dictionary of JS (offering etymological, historical, semantical and diasystematical information) is missing up to now.
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Fagan, David S. "Nasal Elision and Universals: Evidence from Romance." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 35, no. 3 (1990): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100013700.
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The postulation of diachronic universals derives from certain conclusions reached in the investigation of synchronic universals, i.e., that there are natural (universal) phonological subsystems in languages or dialects, and that there are natural (universal) structural relationships between the elements in these subsystems. In essence, a hypothesis about a particular diachronic universal is a claim that a shared natural state in various languages or dialects is the product of the same diachronic process (a sound change, series of linked sound changes, etc.). A counterproposal to this hypothesis would specify that there are multiple diachronic routes which can link two parallel states in the history of two or more innovating languages or dialects. If the latter view is correct, and I believe that it is, then the theory of diachronic universals will require refinement if it is to retain theoretical value.
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Foucart, Alice, Holly P. Branigan, and Ellen G. Bard. "Determiner selection in romance languages: Evidence from French." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 36, no. 6 (2010): 1414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020432.
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Riecke, Jon G. "Fully abstract translations between functional languages." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 3, no. 4 (1993): 387–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129500000293.
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We examine the problem of finding fully abstract translations between programming languages, i.e., translations that preserve code equivalence and nonequivalence. We present three examples of fully abstract translations: one from call-by-value to lazy PCF, one from call-by-name to call-by-value PCF, and one from lazy to call-by-value PCF. The translations yield lower bounds on decision procedures for proving equivalences of code. We define a notion of ‘functional translation’ that captures the essence of the proofs of full abstraction, and show that some languages cannot be translated into others.
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Tyers, Francis M., Hèctor Alòs i Font, Gianfranco Fronteddu, and Adrià Martín-Mor. "Rule-Based Machine Translation for the Italian–Sardinian Language Pair." Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 108, no. 1 (2017): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pralin-2017-0022.
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AbstractThis paper describes the process of creation of the first machine translation system from Italian to Sardinian, a Romance language spoken on the island of Sardinia in the Mediterranean. The project was carried out by a team of translators and computational linguists. The article focuses on the technology used (Rule-Based Machine Translation) and on some of the rules created, as well as on the orthographic model used for Sardinian.
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Drukker, Tamar. "A Thirteenth-Century Arthurian Tale in Hebrew: A Unique Literary Exchange." Medieval Encounters 15, no. 1 (2009): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138078508x286888.
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AbstractA single fragment of a thirteenth-century Hebrew translation of an Arthurian romance is testimony to the familiarity of Jews in Italy with the popular tales of King Arthur. The translator is a learned jew, well-versed in Hebrew, scripture and exegesis, and yet his translation is a classic example of a chivalric romance set in a culture far removed from that of its translator and its possible readers.
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Cosme, Christelle. "Clause combining across languages." Languages in Contrast 6, no. 1 (2006): 71–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.6.1.04cos.
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This study explores clause combining in English and French, with special emphasis on the relationship between and/et-coordination and subordination. More precisely, the claim that English shows a strong preference for coordination while French makes more intensive use of subordination is tested against bilingual corpus data, viz. a comparable corpus of original texts and a bidirectional translation corpus. The study shows that the number of shifts from coordination to subordination is higher in translations from English into French than in translations from French into English. This finding lends strong support to the initial hypothesis.
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Wolfe, Sam. "Redefining the typology of V2 languages." Linguistic Variation 19, no. 1 (2019): 16–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.15026.wol.
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Abstract This article proposes a new typology of the V2 property, integrating new data from a corpus of Medieval Romance texts with data from Rhaeto-Romance, Early Germanic and Modern Germanic. The proposed analysis is that all V2 systems have a V-movement and phrasal movement trigger on the lowest left-peripheral head, Fin, and that in a subclass of V2 languages Force also has these properties. It is argued that the restrictions on and variation in licensing verb-initial and verb-third clauses within Romance and Germanic V2 systems fall out from the Fin/Force distinction.
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Grohmann, Kleanthes K. "Configurations of Sentential Complementation: Perspectives from Romance Languages (review)." Language 78, no. 4 (2002): 815–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2003.0032.
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Nuessel, Frank. "Papers from the XIIth linguistic symposium on Romance languages." Lingua 65, no. 1-2 (1985): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(85)90028-2.
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Nevaci, Manuela. "Concordances romanes et convergences balcano-romanes dans les dialects roumains sud-danubiens. Aspects phonétiques, morphologiques et syntaxiques." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 65, no. 4 (2020): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2020.4.19.
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"Romance Concordances and Balcano-Romance Convergences in the South-Danubian Romanian Dialects. Phonetic, Morphological, and Syntactic Aspects. This paper proposes to emphasise the linguistic similarities of South-Danubian Romanian dialects (Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, Istro-Romanian) spoken in Albania, Croatia, R. of North Macedonia, Greece and Romania from the perspective of Romance and Balkan elements. We will take into consideration lexical aspects, from the point of view of linguistic contact with Balkan languages, as well as Romance elements that define these historical dialects of common Romanian. Our exposition is based on the broader theme of the relationship between genealogic (Romance features inherited from Latin, speaking of concordances in the Romance languages) and areal (convergences between the Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian dialects of the Romanian language and the languages spoken in the Balkan area). Through the presence of the Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian dialects of Romanian in the Balkans, creating a bridge between Romània and Balkan, a convergence was attained on the one hand with the Romance languages, and, on the other, with Greek, Albanian North Macedonian as Balkan languages. Keywords: South Danubian Romanian dialects, Aromanian dialect, Megleno-Romanian dialect, Istro-Romanian dialect, morphological and syntax dialectal system."
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Ionescu, Emil. "Negative imperatives in Eastern Romance languages: Latin heritage and Romance innovation." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, no. 3 (2019): 845–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0045.
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Abstract This paper is a contribution to the study of negative imperatives in Romance. The paper starts from Raffaella Zanuttini, who, like other researchers, notices that most of Romance languages display, under certain conditions, an asymmetry between certain positive and negative imperatives. She holds that, historically, the asymmetry reflects a tendency in Romance of maintaining the early illocutionary Latin distinction between negations nōn and nē (Zanuttini 1997, 128 s.). The present study proposes, too, a historical explanation of this asymmetry. To this purpose, the analysis takes into account negative imperatives in three varieties of Latin, pre-Classical, Classical and Vulgar Latin. The approach leads to a reformulation of Zanuttini’s hypothesis. It is argued that the asymmetry in Romance amply documented in her study is due to the inheritance of the Vulgar Latin imperative system, which turns out to be “incomplete” in the sense that it does not incorporate either the illocutionary distinction nōn/nē or the early behaviour of nē (both visible in pre-Classical and Classical Latin). It is further argued that, if considered from the viewpoint of the Vulgar Latin system of imperative, some Romance innovations managed to independently reconstruct the pre-Classical Latin distinction, on another level of the historic evolution and under a different form. Data from Eastern Romance languages are adduced in support of this view.
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Rădulescu, Anda-Irina. "Analyse Contrastive des Formes Être Prép X en Français et en Roumain." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 19, no. 2 (1995): 289–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.19.2.05rad.
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Taking as a starting point one of Maurice Gross' items on the constructions be Prep X, we have tried to maintain the same classes he established for French in Romanian and see what differences appear between these two Romance languages. The translation we offer was made word for word whenever that was possible; if not, we use the equivalent to preserve the sense. Opened to different applications, our work aims at finding various ways of converting and transmitting information in a foreign language, as well as serving as a basis for ulterior comparative studies enabling the future automatic translations by computers.
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Szpiech, Ryan, Katarzyna Starczewska, and Mercedes García-Arenal Rodríguez. "“Deleytaste del dulce sono y no pensaste en las palabras”. Rendering Arabic in the Antialcoranes." Journal of Transcultural Medieval Studies 5, no. 1 (2018): 99–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jtms-2018-0005.
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AbstractThis essay studies the translations of the Qur’ān into Romance languages in anti-Islamic treatises written by Christians in the Iberian Peninsula in the sixteenth century. It compares three such works (here calledAntialcoranesor ‘anti-Qur’āns’) that contain citations of the Qur’ān in Arabic, either in Arabic script or in transliteration, or both. These include theConfusión o confutación de la secta Mahomética y del Alcorán(1515) of Juan Andrés, theLumbre de fe contra la secta mahometana y el alcorán(1521) by Martín de Figuerola and theConfutación del alcorán y secta mahometana(1555) by Lope de Obregón. It also considers glosses found in the Latin Qur’ān made at the behest of the Italian cardinal Egidio (Giles) da Viterbo (1518). We argue that these works merit detailed study, along with more studied Latin translations, as part of a history of the translation of the Qur’ān in the early modern period.
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Gachelin, Jean-Marc. "Is English a Romance language?" English Today 6, no. 3 (1990): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400004855.
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Valentin, Lukas. "Language, Power and Success: Bestselling Translations in the Dutch CPNB Top 100 archief." Publishing Research Quarterly 37, no. 3 (2021): 439–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12109-021-09823-8.
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AbstractThis paper investigates origins, original languages and authors of bestselling translations on the annual Dutch Top 100 bestseller list. Considering the first fifty entries on the lists from the period between 1997 and 2019, the study aims to determine the Dutch position within the World Language System. The results show that about half of all the books surveyed are translations. These come from fifteen different source languages, although a clear majority are translations from English (73.2%). The analysis confirms the notion of a World Language System with central, semi-peripheral and peripheral languages and places Dutch among the peripheral languages. Furthermore, the study reveals strong globalisation and commercialisation tendencies in the Dutch book market.
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Waltereit, Richard. "Discourse and Pragmatic Markers from Latin to the Romance Languages." Journal of Pragmatics 81 (May 2015): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2015.04.004.
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Pan, Lu, and Dan Yi. "From “yanyi” to “romance”: early English translations ofSanguozhi Yanyiand translators’ identity crisis." Asia Pacific Translation and Intercultural Studies 4, no. 1 (2017): 82–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23306343.2016.1278142.
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Polilova, V. S. "Two Moorish Romances Translated by R. T. Gonorsky." Russkaya literatura 1 (2020): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2020-1-75-79.
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The article argues that R. T. Gonorsky made his translations of two Spanish Moorish romances (1816) from the Spanish originals reproduced in the fi fth volume of I. I. Eschenburg’s anthology Beispielsammlung zur Theorie und Literatur der schönen Wissenschaften (1788-94). This fact confirms K. S. Korkonosenko’s hypothesis that Gonorsky’s translations were the earliest translations of Spanish poetry into Russian made directly from the originals. It is important that, in his anthology, Eschenburg used the texts found in the book of ballads and popular songs The Reliques of Ancient English (1765) edited by Bishop Thomas Percy. Following Percy’s edition, the Spanish romance «Río verde, río verde...» was published (e. g. in Eschenburg’s anthology, 1790) and translated (e. g. in J. G. Herder’s Volkslieder, 1778) without the six lines that Percy considered superfluous. Gonorsky also used this abbreviated version of the romance.
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Kossarik, M. A. "The treatise on the history of spanish by B. de Aldrete (1606) as the first textbook of romance philology." Philology at MGIMO 6, no. 4 (2020): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2020-4-24-135-145.
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The paper analyses the role of B. de Aldrete’s treatise “Del Origen y principio de la lengua castellana o romance que oi se usa en España” (1606) in the development of Romance philology. The XVII-century author writes about the most important aspects of internal and external history of Spanish, such as: pre-Romance Spain and substratum languages; Roman conquest and romanization; Hispanic Latin; German conquests of Spain; Arabic conquest and the Reconquista; formation of kingdoms in the north and state-building processes; sociolinguistic situation in Spain; the role of Spanish in the New World; changes from Latin to Spanish in phonetics and morphology; sources of Spanish lexis; early written texts; territorial, social, functional variation of Spanish. Apart from the aspects of Spanish philology, B. de Aldrete pays attention to the formation and functioning of Pyrenean languages: Catalan, Galician, and Portuguese. However, B. de Aldrete does not limit himself to examining Ibero-Romance languages. Many aspects of the history of Spanish are shown against a wider, Romance background, bearing in mind the earlier tradition (the Antiquity, in the first place). He also confronts Spanish with other Romance languages and Latin. The analysis of the first treatise on the history of Spanish makes one reconsider B. de Aldrete’s contribution to the development of language description models and the bases of Romance philology. The treatise sets up a model of Romance philology as a full-fledged philological discipline.
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Posner, Rebecca, and Karen Zagona. "Grammatical Theory and Romance Languages: Selected Papers from the 25th Linguistic Symposium on Romance Languages (LSRL XXV) Seattle, 2-4 March 1995." Modern Language Review 92, no. 3 (1997): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3733394.
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