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1
Zissi, Leonard. "Polish Literature in Albanian." Perspektywy Kultury 25, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35765/pk.2019.2502.11.
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Albania is a small country in Europe, which was under Turkish occupation for nearly five centuries. It did not regain its independence until 28 November 1912. During the occupation there was almost no foreign literature translated into Albanian, as more than 85% of the population were illiterate and in general there were no scientific institutions or schools. The first primary school was opened in 1887. Only in the 1920s, with the emergence of intelligentsia, world literature started to be translated into Albanian, which included Polish literature. However, the translations were not done from the Polish language but from Italian translations of it. The first Polish literary work translated into Albanian from Italian was the Nobel prize winner Henryk Sienkiewicz’s novel, Quo Vadis? (in 1933). The book was translated for the second time in 1999. The translation of Polish literature into Albanian gained momentum after World War II, and especially after 2000. So far, nearly 55 books by 34 Polish authors have been translated into Albanian, including Adam Mickiewicz (among them his great work, Pan Tadeusz), Henryk Sienkiewicz, Boleslaw Prus, Czesław Miłosz, Wisława Szymborska, Olga Tokarczuk, Ryszard Kapuściński, Tadeusz Różewicz, Witold Gombrowicz, Fr. Marcin Czermiński, and others. At the same time, 8 Albanian authors wrote books on Polish topics in Albanian. Apart from the Albanian translators from Albania, Polish literature has also been translated into Albanian by Albanians from Kosovo. In comparison with other European countries, Albania is a leader as far as the number of Polish books translated is concerned. Polish literature in Albanian is generally popular among Albanian readers. Some of the books are published for the second, or even after the third time.
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Makhmudova, S. M., and A. A. Muradyan. "New Translations of Written Monuments of Caucasian Albania: Historical and Philological Analysis." Язык и текст 11, no. 2 (June 26, 2024): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2024110202.
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<p>For many centuries, the history of the oldest state in the Eastern Caucasus was forgotten, there were no studies of Caucasian Albania, no mention of the fact that Albanians had their own written language, that the king of Albania was almost the first in the world to adopt Christianity as an official religion, although Greco-Roman sources (Strabo, Plutarch, Pliny the Elder, Arrian and others) wrote about this country. History knows Albania's wars with Pompey, Trajan and Alexander the Great. However, the history of Caucasian Albania cannot fade into oblivion, as monumental monuments of architecture still stand in modern Azerbaijan, Karabakh, Eretia and Dagestan. Our work will be devoted to the analysis of some written sources and artefacts containing inscriptions in Albanian.</p>
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Kadi, Fabiola, and Helona Pani. "THE ALBANIAN EVANGELICAL CHURCH – A POWERFUL SYMBOL OF RESISTANCE IN THE TRANSMISSION OF KNOWLEDGE." Knowledge International Journal 34, no. 6 (October 4, 2019): 1749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34061749k.
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It is a fact that Christianity is deeply rooted in the history of the Albanian nation, but, unfortunately, such a fact has opened the gate to endless discussions. This paper aims to highlight an important event in the history of Albania, which will influence the future history of this nation. During the nineteenth century, Protestants contributed significantly to the Albanian national issue through performing translations of several books of the Bible, at a time when books in Albanian language were very rare. Different foreign missionaries came to Albania to spread their religious views. They strongly influenced the opening of Albanian schools while Albanians, under Turkish rule, were forbidden to use their language, to learn to write, or read it. Gradually, the foreign missionaries were attended by Albanian intellectuals, who insist on the opening of the Albanian school and the education of Albanians in Albanian language. Interestingly, Protestantism was the only religious belief that supported Albanian writing and reading, while other religious beliefs exercised in Albania were the fiery opponents of every Albanian component. The Albanian language on one hand was opposed by the Greek Orthodox Church, on the other hand, by the Latin Catholic Church and above all, Ottoman rule opposed the teaching of the Albanian language in order to keep the Albanian people as subordinate as possible. It seems that Protestantism has emerged in all the countries where it has spread, supporting various national identities, but especially in Albania, it has played an important role in supporting the national identity of Albanians and the education of generations, especially of girls. The opening of the first Albanian girls' school in the city of Korça keeps the seal of the Protestant church and it has had a great impact in the future for the emancipation of Albanian society, of women and girls who are oppressed and printed in many directions. Sevasti Qiriazi, as a representative of the Protestant church in Korça, and the first teacher in Albania, will protect the school and try to support the spread of the Albanian language at all costs. Through the spread of faith in Albanian, the first Protestants in Albania conveyed not only knowledge, but also great human, moral, and educational values to people who were suffering, but eager for knowledge and development. The Protestant Albanian movement was actually an 'Albanian spiritual movement' with religious, educational, national and cultural values and purposes. For several decades, during the communist regime in Albania, a good part of the influence of protestants in the country was denied and all efforts were made to overshadow the influence of Protestantism towards education and emancipation of Albanians in this period. Today, after many years of shadow, Protestantism is again one of the religions that are practiced in Albania and numerous efforts are being made to discover many of the unknown elements of the positive influence that this belief had in educating Albanians over the years.
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Bushi, Jonida, and Endri Papajorgji. "Translation in Terms of Law and Communication: Difficulties Regarding the Translation of Legal Texts from Albanian into German and Vice Versa." Journal of Educational and Social Research 11, no. 4 (July 8, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2021-0076.
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This article deals with the peculiarities of translating legal terminology from German into Albanian and vice versa. Legal texts constitute an important part of translation into both languages. Translations of legal texts in Albania have increased since the latter's attempts to join the EU. European Union translation materials are in large volumes and require a lot of work. Therefore, the request for translation of legal documents, such as provisions or court decisions into other languages of the Union, including German, has increased. Despite institutional efforts to draft a glossary of legislation with the cooperation of professionals led by the OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation), as well as some efforts made in compiling Albanian-German legal dictionaries, there are no genuine publications in the Albanian language that handle the problems of translation in this field. Since technical legal language is a practical or institutional language, it is characterized by a high percentage of technical terms as well as a standardized sentence structure. Legal language is characterized by accuracy and clarity. Received: 5 May 2021 / Accepted: 23 June 2021 / Published: 8 July 2021
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Kryeziu, Naim, and Lirak Karjagdiu. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THREE VERSIONS OF TRANSLATIONS INTO ALBANIAN OF HEINRICH HEINE’S POEM “GERMANY. A WINTER TALE”." Ezikov Svyat volume 21 issue 2, ezs.swu.v21i2 (May 26, 2023): 124–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v21i2.16.
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Although the translation of Heinrich Heine’s literary works began almost a century ago and there is lack of serious analysis and evaluations of his translated works into Albanian, they have been welcomed warmly, accepted with curiosity and spread out spontaneously. Therefore, using comparative and analytical methods this paper attempts to address the existing gaps about Heine’s translated poems in Albanian by analysing three versions of translations into Albanian of 10 stanzas of Heinrich Heine’s masterpiece “Germany. A Winter Tale”, which best illustrate the similarities and differences between these three versions of translations and the quality of translations, done by three well-known Albanian literary translators: Lasgush Poradeci, Robert Shvarci and Ardian Klosi. The paper concludes that all the above-mentioned literary translators have used certain methods, ways and parameters to translate Heine’s poem “Germany. A Winter Tale” such as: oblique translation, direct translation, servitude, borrowing, claque, linear translation (or word for word translation), transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation. All three versions of translation were very well-received in Albanian literature and culture, however in the process of translation they have gained and lost and made mistakes, which range from grammatical, syntactic, semantic, stylistic, etc. Lasgush Poradeci’s translations proved to be the most comprehensible, fluent, poetic, and successful, most likely because he was an extremely experienced, talented, and distinguished poet himself.
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Ph.D., Flavia Kaba. "Literary Translation Between Albania and SpainA Cultural Bridge Between Two Countries." European Journal of Language and Literature 8, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejls.v8i1.p27-31.
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The present paper aims to evidence the literary translation as a cultural bridge between the two countries, Albania and Spain. It is a topic which has interests in terms of literary translation because the literary translation Albanian-Spanish and vice versa is a non-treated topic in our country. Literature is a bridge between the two countries and language possesses all the characteristics of culture, because when it is translated it is produced an exchange of linguistic systems. In this paper, we will present chronological data on the number of literary translations in both countries, respectively in Albania and Spain, and we will explain the importance of literary translation as a process that connects cultures, inasmuch as the literary translation aims to transfer literary or artistic experiences of a culture to another culture. Moreover, this paper will provide an overview of the impact of literary translation in both cultures, Albanian and Spanish.
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Blakaj Gashi, Albulena, Sadije Rexhepi, and Agnesa Haklaj. "Poetic Expression Across Languages: A Comparative Analysis of Translations of Goethe's Poem in Albanian." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 13, no. 4 (July 5, 2024): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2024-0133.
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The field of translation studies distinguishes two main directions: firstly, the relationship between the translated and the original text, emphasising the preservation of meaning, linguistic equivalence and the strategies used in translation, and secondly the style of the translator, that has recently received attention in this field. This paper attempts to combine both of these approaches while analysing the translation of Johann W. Goethe's poetry into Albanian applied on three different translations of Goethe's ballad Erlkönig. A linguistic and textual analysis of these translations, has been also carried out. The main focus is on the analysis of the reciprocal relationship between the translator's style and the translated text. Furthermore, while comparing the translations, this paper explores the practice of poets translating poets and addresses the question of whether the fact that the translator being a poet influences the style of the translated text? Does the translator's poetic style influence the making of a good translation, and does the style of the translated poet (Goethe) have an influence on the poetic style of the translating poet? Received: 23 April 2024 / Accepted: 29 June 2024 / Published: 5 July 2024
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Slavcheva, Yoana. "The Reception of the Translated Works of Ismail Kadare in Bulgaria and Romania." Proglas 31, no. 2 (December 21, 2022): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54664/cyml1422.
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The present paper examines a specific issue from the field of translation reception of the Balkan literatures, which is an essential part of the comparative Balkan Literary Studies. The study is based on the important role of the translations for the exchange of ideas and messages between different cultures. The processes of translation reception of the works (novels, novelettes, essays and memoirs) of the world-renown Albanian writer Ismail Kadare in two Balkan cultures – the Bulgarian and the Romanian – are being studied. Parallels and differences are being looked for, regarding the chronology of the appearance of the translations, the key role of the translator, working with Albanian (Marina Marinova in Bulgaria and Marius Dobrescu in Romania), the socio-political factors, influencing the reception, etc.
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Strori, Esmeralda, and Elona Limaj. "Inevitable ageing of translations: Challenges of retranslation of literary works in Albania." International Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches 7, no. 7 (August 9, 2023): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/ijanser.1330.
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Retranslation is not a new phenomenon, but rather widespread in various translation traditions.As languages evolve, translations become dated, which explains why literary masterpieces are «retranslated». Translations need to be contemporaneous in order to keep pace with the language level of therecipients of any generation. Albanian language has changed. It has become more open to wordsdescribing new phenomena that were missing while trying to transmit feelings, situations or eventscoming across in the works of greatest authors. But, should we translate the translated? This is thequestion. There are many pros and cons to retranslation.Great classical writers or poets, even though translated into Albanian do not have the spirit andexpressions of nowadays level of Albanian literature language, because the translation product is certainlyaffected by the language development of the respective translation period. Works of Shakespeare, Poe,Cervantes, Dreiser and Markez have been translated with the potential linguistic tools of Albanianlanguage of ’20 – ’30- ies in the XX-th century.This work is an effort to provide another opinion in this respect. The analysis is focused on the ageing ofpreviously translated texts, ideological considerations in connection with changing cultural norms andnever ending search for the perfect translation. It will also list the reasons why retranslation is a necessaryprocess.
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Hamiti, Vjosa, and Blertë Ismajli. "Zur Übersetzbarkeit der Abtönungspartikel doch ins Albanische." Lebende Sprachen 67, no. 2 (November 1, 2022): 342–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/les-2022-1010.
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Abstract The translation of German modal particles into other languages, especially those poorer in particles, such as the Albanian language, is a challenging enterprise. Their meaning depends heavily on the context. Different meanings have been recorded in the literature: marking what is said as true or known to the listener (Thurmair 1989, Schoonjans 2013, 2018), further nuances such as justification/explanation, reproach, admission, surprise, etc. (see Feyrer 1998, Schoonjans 2013, Müller 2014). The dependency on context and the wide range of meanings make particles an interesting object of investigation in contrastive linguistics and in translation studies, where one investigates the question of the equivalent linguistic means or the translation strategies to be employed. This article examines the translatability of the modal particle doch from German into Albanian. On the basis of the corpus examination, it should be determined to what extent the modal particle doch or the modal nuances expressed through it have been transferred into Albanian. Since modal particles feature mainly in spoken language – but there is no such translated corpus from German into Albanian – a corpus of 692 occurrences of spoken language rendered in literature (short and long fiction, drama) has been compiled for this study, collected from various literary works. They are divided into four groups according to the translation strategies used: omission, transposition, paraphrasing, word-for-word translations. This research study confirms the results of other studies, which show that in almost 50 % of the cases modal particles are not translated, which impacts the quality of translation. If particles are translated, then in the majority of cases the translation strategy of transposition is used, followed by paraphrasing and, only in a small fraction of translations, a word-for-word translation strategy is used.
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Likaj, Marsela, and Ema Kristo. "Übersetzungsmöglichkeiten der Eigennamen in der Kinderliteratur." Acta Facultatis Philosophicae Universitatis Ostraviensis Studia Germanistica, no. 33 (March 2024): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15452/studiagermanistica.2023.33.0003.
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The importance of children‘s literature and its translation occupies a special position all over the world, as the target groups of readers are children. Using three different children‘s books translated from German into Albanian, the various possibilities of translating personal names in children‘s literature are examined. Due to these different children‘s books, it is examined which principles can or must be used to translate the names, and whether the fact that it is children‘s literature has a particular effect on the translation process and the results. In this article, the central terms include children‘s literature, proper names, alienated and naturalizing translations.
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Shala, Arben. "The Role and Importance of Translation for the Albanian Culture." Hermēneus. Revista de traducción e interpretación, no. 22 (February 1, 2021): 383–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.24197/her.22.2020.383-413.
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This paper outlines the importance of translation activity for the Albanian culture beginning from the earliest period, as a driving force and forerunner of the Albanian National Awakening and identity, to the latest developments related to the quantity of translations, as well as their quality, peacebuilding in Kosovo and the use of translation for subversive propaganda. Translation, along with religion and masterpieces of world literature, brought different alphabetic scripts, many foreign words and, despite the adversarial approach by the Church and ruling authorities, contributed to the codification efforts, language purification and the coining of new words. Common expressions and folklore were collected and found their way into translated texts, now serving as grounds to call for retranslation.
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Arapi, Ina. "Albania by the end of the 17th century and relations with neighbouring nations according to archbishop Pjetër Bogdani´s work "The band of the prophets" (1685)." Slavia Meridionalis 15 (September 25, 2015): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sm.2015.020.
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Albania by the end of the 17th century and relations with neighbouring nations according to archbishop Pjetër Bogdani´s work "The band of the prophets" (1685)The old Albanian literature (mid-16th – mid-17th century), which includes the philosophical–theological treaty Cuneus prophetarum by Pjetër Bogdani (Padua, 1685), was born and developed as a literature mainly of religious content for the needs of the Catholic religion. Regardless of the topic, this literature was created in a certain historical, cultural and social environment, namely that of northern Albania and the Albanian population that lived there. Hence, the data provided in this book constitutes an invaluable source through which we have the possibility of learning more about the way of life and the functioning of this part of Albanian society of that time. Interesting data on the situation of the Albanian language of that time is to be found in the preface of this work. The author urges Albanians not to let their language and science degenerate, but just as other nations do, they should make efforts concerning its evolution and development. But the alarm for destructing the mother tongue is linked with author and his contemporaries’ high conscious more than with the reality. In fact, Bogdani´s work itself proves that Albanian at that time had expressive possibilities equal to those of the Italian language. Not only the expressive and lexical richness, but the syntactic structure of phrases shows a high degree of development and elaboration in the Albanian language of that time.Examining the foreword of the book, we can learn that efforts were being made to unify the language and to develop one literary variant based on the dialect of the town of Shkodra. Bogdani also tried to adjust the language of his work according to this town’s dialect.Relations with Italian and Croatian intellectuals are clearly demonstrated in dithyrambic poetry and in the dedications at the beginning of the book. In this work, we also find data on Albanian mythology. Cuneus prophetarum occupies a special place in Albanian literature, because it is the first original work of prose, unlike previous writings, which were mainly translations. Albania u zmierzchu XVII wieku i jej stosunki z państwami sąsiedzkimi według "Oddziału proroków" arcybiskupa Pjetra Bogdaniego (1685)Utwór Pietra Bogdaniego Cuneus prophetarum (Padwa 1685) jest jednym z najważniejszych tekstów starej literatury albańskiej (XVI-XVII wieku), która rozwijała się na potrzeby Kościoła katolickiego i zawierała głównie treści religijne. Znaczna część tego utworu to traktat filozoficzno-teologiczny. Tekst, mimo że ma zasadniczo charakter religijny, odsyła także do kontekstu historycznego, kulturowego i społecznego północnej Albanii, stanowiąc tym samym bezcenne źródło informacji o sposobie życia i funkcjonowania części społeczeństwa albańskiego w tym czasie.Już we wstępie znajdują się ciekawe informacje na temat sytuacji języka albańskiego. Między innymi autor wzywa Albańczyków, by nie dopuścili do degeneracji języka i nauki, wzywa także inne narody, by dbały o rozwój języka. Ta troska o język ojczysty i obawa przed jego zepsuciem wiąże się z pozycją autora, który był świadom sytuacji bardziej niż ktokolwiek inny. W istocie sama praca Bogdaniego udowadnia, że w tym czasie język albański dysponował nie mniejszymi środkami ekspresji niż język włoski. Nie tylko bogactwo form i leksyki, lecz także struktury składniowe wskazują na ówczesny wysoki stopień jego rozwoju i na wysoki stopień świadomości językowej.Jednakże, jak można dostrzec we wstępie, nie podejmowano wysiłków w celu ujednolicenia języka. Rozwijał się głównie wariant literacki, oparty na dialekcie miasta Shkodra. Bogdani próbował również dostosować swój język do tego dialektu.Świadectwem związków autora z włoskimi i chorwackimi intelektualistami są poetyckie dytyramby zamieszczone w dedykacji. W utworze znajdujemy również informacje na temat mitologii albańskiej.Cuneus prophetarum zajmuje szczególne miejsce w literaturze albańskiej, ponieważ jest pierwszym oryginalnym, albańskim utworem prozatorskim.
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Vula, Elsa. "Empirical Research of Translating Albanian Literary Text into English by Albanian EFL Students." Journal of Educational and Social Research 12, no. 2 (March 5, 2022): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2022-0057.
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Literary translation is a type of translation, which requires a great commitment in realizing it. The differences that may be shared by the SL and TL make translation as a process a complicated and challenging one, especially when it comes to literary text translation. The messages, emotions and culture that the literature of a language shares sometimes seem almost difficult to be passed from one language to another one. This is a consequence of differences that the two different languages share in their construction and in their culture. This paper has been focused on the problems of equivalence while dealing with Albanian literary text translation to English, carried out by Albanian university students who study English Language and Literature. Empirical and qualitative are the research methods that have been used in this scientific paper. All these methods have verified the three hypotheses of this research as well as have found the answers to the questions on this research. In addition, the results reached from the three aforementioned research methods have helped in achieving the objectives and aims of this paper.The corpora that has been used in this research is the Albanian literary texts: “Ajkuna qan Omerin” from Kangë Kreshnikësh (Kreshink’s Songs). The text has been translated by Albanian students that study English Language and Literature at the University of Gjakova “Fehmi Agani”, Faculty of Philology, department of English language and Literature and at University of Prizren “Ukshin Hoti”, Faculty of Philology, department of English language and Literature. The translated versions were used as primary source materials for analysis. Another instrument used in this research is the questionnaire, consisting of two open-ended questions. One question aimed at identifying difficulties or challenges that students might have or face during their translation, whereas the second question asked them about the solutions that they might find when dealing with difficulties or challenges during Albanian literary text translation. Thus, the problems of equivalence during Albanian literary texts translation have been identified based on the analysis of students’ translation, and on their responses regarding difficulties or challenges that they faced or had during text translations. The work presents the most common strategies used by Albanian students during the process of literary text translation from Albanian into English.
Received: 18 October 2021 / Accepted: 2 February 2022 / Published: 5 March 2022
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Prendushi, Gjilda Alimhilli. "Languages in Contact - Some Results of Research at Albanian University Students in Italy." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 4, no. 3 (January 21, 2017): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v4i3.p49-54.
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This work is the result of personal observations of university Albanian students` studying Albanian language, with different times of residence in Italy, and contact between the Albanian and Italian language, too. My contacts with the students are grouped in two situations: those at work as lectures, seminars, receptions and examinations, and casual. It can be seen big differences in the use of two languages in these different situations. In the first group, at work, the use of the Albanian language is certainly much more correct and various forms of "mixing" almost non-existent. In the second group, especially among people very close or in the presence of Italian friends, it can be seen immediately code changes between Albanian and Italian. The communication code changing is under the influence of various factors. It is clear that reference students use Italian for formal use, for example, in their communications with teachers, while the Albanian in informal situations as at home and more. Thus, the choice of language is influenced by situational factors, like the stylistic choices that people make in a single language. Moreover, they with the language choice can move and change the tone of a situation, from formal to informal, too. These situations encountered made the basis for beginning the study. The examples cited in this paper are collected and classified, in accordance with the standard methodology, into various groups according to the probable cause for the change of the code of communication: Code changes used mainly in Italy but also in Albania; Code changes related to technology; Code changes related to the pronunciation; Code changes related to the characteristics of the country where they stay; Translations. Certainly, this first phase of research has shown the clear presence of code changes in the Albanian language. These phenomena are of various types and of varying importance: in a group of individuals it is a strong influence of the territory, Italy, for this reason we can presume that, back in Albania, the students will lose it; in another group of individuals it seems that it could turn, maybe, into loans. The last category includes some words that reflect deficiencies in the lexicon of the Albanian language, but also others that may gain ground thanks to their peculiarities. The results presented in this work should not be generalized, they only aspire to expand our understanding to the linguistic and social phenomena of contact between two languages such as Albanian and Italian, and in general, on the subject of bilingualism and the effects of the stay for a long time in Italy of Albanian people.
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Son, Young-eun. "Translation and Reception of Ismail Kadare’s Works via French: Paratextual Analysis." Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Literature Studies 87 (August 30, 2022): 61–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22344/fls.2022.87.61.
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This study aims to investigate the process of how the Albanian writer Ismail Kadare's novel has been received in Korea through the medium of the French language. Indirect translation is a method of translation that has been criticized by many scholars since it is often perceived as being distant from the original. Notwithstanding, it contributes to the reception of foreign literature written in minority languages, serving to enhance cultural diversity in the international literary world. To this end, this study attempts to identify the translators' positions and strategies, their perceptions about the original and translation based on the analysis of various paratexts collected on Kadare’s translated texts. Peritexts of fifteen translations published in Korea and epitexts of English translations were analyzed. The analysis shows that various efforts were made on the part of translators to overcome the limitations of indirect translation and to be faithful to the original, with their trust on the universal value of Kadare's works.
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Golemi, Marinela. "Othello in the Balkans: Performing Race Rhetoric on the Albanian Stage." Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance 22, no. 37 (December 30, 2020): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-8530.22.08.
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This essay examines the racialized rhetoric in Fan Noli’s 1916 Othello translation and the racialized performance techniques employed in A.J. Ricko’s 1953 National Theatre of Albania production. Hoping to combat racial discrimination in Albania, Noli’s translation of Othello renders the Moor an exceptional Turk whose alienation in Venice was designed to mirror the Albanophobic experiences of Albanian immigrants. Moreover, the Albanian Othello can serve as a platform for addressing ethno-racial tensions between Albanians and Turks, northern and southern Albanians, and Albanians of color and white Albanians. Both Noli and Ricko believed there was an anti-racist power inherent within Shakespeare’s play. In the end, however, the race-based rhetoric in the Albanian language, the use of blackface make-up in performance, and the logic and rhetoric of Shakespeare’s play itself challenged these lofty goals for race-healing.
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BLAKAJ, Albulena. "GOETHES "KING OF THULE" AND IT'S TRANSLATIONS INTO ALBANIAN." Motif Akademi Halk Bilimi Dergisi 11, no. 2018-2 (January 1, 2018): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12981/motif.465.
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Goldwyn, Adam J. "Translations and Adaptations of C. P. Cavafy in Albanian." Journal of Modern Greek Studies 30, no. 2 (2012): 247–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mgs.2012.0018.
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Demiri, Blerta. "THE ACQUISITION OF THE ENGLISH PRESENT PERFECT BY ALBANIAN EFL LEARNERS AND ITS TRANSLATION EQUIVALENTS IN ALBANIAN." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 7 (December 10, 2018): 2229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28072229b.
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Finding translation equivalents through the analyzed corpus in order to understand which Albanian verb tenses and constructions correspond to the English Present Perfect is the target of this paper, which we believe will be of great help to Albanian speakers who learn English as a foreign language.Contrastive analysis in this paper is not performed only by the similarities and differences that exist between these two languages, which are reviewed and analyzed through examples of the works of famous writers and their translations, and which show that verb tenses in one and the other language do not overlap, but also through research that was conducted with some secondary school students who are L1-Albanian –speaking learners of English, in order to examine linguistic factors that may lead to difficulty for Albanian EFL high school students in learning the Present Perfect and using it properly in spoken and written language.In order to help EFL learners be familiar with their writing skills and ease their anxiety, making a clear concept is necessary. The concept of ‘unspecified time’ can be very confusing to English learners, so students cannot use the tenses comfortably or accurately. Thus, in order to point the differences in the structure of English and Albanian, as well as to prepare learners, who want to acquire some competence in the foreign language, teachers should suggest some general and specific strategies and ideas for the classroom. They ought to use eclectic teaching approach and give an overview of the problems students have with the Present Perfect and possible reasons for these.Data were collected from 27 EFL secondary school students who participated in the study. Answers from multiple-choice questions and translation of some sentences from English into Albanian and vice versa were collected from each participant. Data were analyzed in terms of the number of errors produced in each pattern of the Present Perfect. The findings have revealed that evidence of cross-linguistic influence was found in both areas. The reasons for these errors mostly derive from mother tongue influence and lack of adequate linguistic background.
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Demiri, Blerta. "THE ACQUISITION OF THE ENGLISH PRESENT PERFECT BY ALBANIAN EFL LEARNERS AND ITS TRANSLATION EQUIVALENTS IN ALBANIAN." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 7 (December 10, 2018): 2229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij29082229b.
Full textAbstract:
Finding translation equivalents through the analyzed corpus in order to understand which Albanian verb tenses and constructions correspond to the English Present Perfect is the target of this paper, which we believe will be of great help to Albanian speakers who learn English as a foreign language.Contrastive analysis in this paper is not performed only by the similarities and differences that exist between these two languages, which are reviewed and analyzed through examples of the works of famous writers and their translations, and which show that verb tenses in one and the other language do not overlap, but also through research that was conducted with some secondary school students who are L1-Albanian –speaking learners of English, in order to examine linguistic factors that may lead to difficulty for Albanian EFL high school students in learning the Present Perfect and using it properly in spoken and written language.In order to help EFL learners be familiar with their writing skills and ease their anxiety, making a clear concept is necessary. The concept of ‘unspecified time’ can be very confusing to English learners, so students cannot use the tenses comfortably or accurately. Thus, in order to point the differences in the structure of English and Albanian, as well as to prepare learners, who want to acquire some competence in the foreign language, teachers should suggest some general and specific strategies and ideas for the classroom. They ought to use eclectic teaching approach and give an overview of the problems students have with the Present Perfect and possible reasons for these.Data were collected from 27 EFL secondary school students who participated in the study. Answers from multiple-choice questions and translation of some sentences from English into Albanian and vice versa were collected from each participant. Data were analyzed in terms of the number of errors produced in each pattern of the Present Perfect. The findings have revealed that evidence of cross-linguistic influence was found in both areas. The reasons for these errors mostly derive from mother tongue influence and lack of adequate linguistic background.
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Akopyan, Alexander V. "Revisiting the Question of the Time and Place of Writing of the Caucasian Albanian Palimpsest According to Numismatic Data (Part I)." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 5 (2021): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080016817-5.
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This article concerns the dating of the Caucasian Albanian palimpsest (Gospel of John) on the basis of a refined interpretation of the monetary term **zaizowzńa. In the first part of paper is offered and justified the etymology of the word **zaizowzńa, that derived from the Sasanian monetary term zūzā ‘dirham’. The Albanian umbrella term **zaizowzńa indicated a general concept of a ‘zuza-like (coin)’, which unified wide range of various imitations of Hormizd IV’s silver coins (or ZWZWN, as they named in Pahlavi on coins), struck in the end of the 6th century after defeating of Varhrān Čōbīn in 592 as payment to the Byzantine army, as well as typologically close to them pre-reform Islamic coins of the Sasanian type struck in the 7th – beginning of 8th centuries (so-called Arab-Sasanian coins). In the Caucasian Albanian Gospel of John the word **zaizowzńa was used to translate the Greek δηναρίων, but in the corresponding places of Armenian or Georgian translations were used another words — dahekan/drahkani, denar or satiri/statiri (etymology of these words also discussed and shown that they are not related to Sasanian zūzā). Thus, the use of a special term for Greek δηναρίων is not associated with the established translation tradition and unequivocally indicates its local, Caucasian Albanian origin. The period of time when **zaizowzńa coins were used in the Transcaucasia is outlined, and it is shown that the Sinai edition of the Albanian Gospel of John was completed between the beginning of the 6th century and the beginning of the 10th century.
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Vyshka, Gentian, and Tedi Mana. "Professor Bajram Preza (1923–2007), a leading academic figure in the Albanian medicine." Science Progress 105, no. 3 (July 2022): 003685042211287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504221128775.
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Professor Bajram Preza was a career neurologist with a strong background in research both in neurology and psychiatry. After a period of study in Sarajevo in the immediate post-WWII period, he completed his studies in medicine and a fellowship in neuropsychiatry in Nizhny Novgorod (formerly Gorky). A highly prolific author, he holds the laurels of the first medical dissertation sustained in the University of Tirana (1958) as well as for publishing the first student’s textbook on medicine (Semiotics of nervous diseases, 1964) in Albania. He led the Clinic of Neurology in Tirana for more than three decades, while relentlessly lecturing, publishing and editing a diversity of medical papers, translations and original works that have shaped the professional education of entire generations of future Albanian physicians.
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Chivarzina, Alexandra I. "A Comparative Study of Colour Terms in Ttranslations of the New Testament into Macedonian and Albanian." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 15, no. 3-4 (2020): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2020.15.3-4.08.
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The article considers the colour terms present in the New Testament in the Macedonian and Albanian languages. The characteristic features of the translation are determined by both the cultural unity and the lexical systems of the Balkan languages under consideration. Among the few contexts using colour terms, most are translated equally. This can be explained by both objective reasons (natural colour of objects) and general connotations attributed to the main colours of the spectrum. The attention of this study is focused primarily on the places in the text where different translation decisions have been made. However, it is impossible not to mention the most characteristic general features of colour term use in the New Testament in the Macedonian and Albanian languages. The study indicates the thoroughness of the work done by translators, who, considering the peculiarities of the colour term vocabulary of their language, sought to maximize the use of the lexical system in order to extremely accurately and easily convey the meaning of the original text. The connotations of the colour terms found in the text are mostly the same in the cultures and target languages under discussion. However, there are cases of using different lexemes in the same context in different places in the book. The similarities and differences in translations into Macedonian and Albanian help to understand how similar Balkan cultures see the New Testament and what they highlight as the most significant.
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Bochaver, Svetlana Yu, and Ekaterina V. Tereshko. "What is a ‘rare’ language in translation? The experience of distance reading." Slovo.ru: Baltic accent 14, no. 3 (2023): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2023-3-8.
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This article examines the perception of ‘rare’ and ‘common’ languages through literary translations. The study is based on the materials from De Bezige Bij Publishing House in the Netherlands, comparing the periods of 2010—2013 and 2020—2023. A significant increase in the role of translators is reflected in the rise of translation share in the publishing house. There is an observed growth in the number of source languages for translation, with a decrease in the proportion of English. Translations from French, Italian, German, Scandinavian languages, Portuguese, and Japanese have emerged. A comparison with the Polyandria Russian Publishing House during the period of 2020—2023 reveals common and distinct source languages. Both publishers translate literature into Danish, Finnish, and French to a similar extent. The Russian publishing house represents Norwegian and Japanese to a greater extent, while the Dutch publishing house releases more translations from German, Swedish, Turkish, and Italian. The Russian publisher also includes Icelandic, Albanian, Korean, and Croatian, while the Dutch publisher includes Hebrew, Romanian, and Portuguese. Both publishers encompass a total of 20 source languages, which is a small number compared to the global linguistic diversity. Comparing the volumes of source languages also indicates differences in preferences. Central European languages are chosen in the Netherlands, while Norwegian and Icelandic are favored in Russia. These differences may be influenced by the cost of rights to works, editorial preferences, and translator availability. The analysis results indicate that neither typological similarity between the source language and the target language, nor association with a specific language group, influences the preference for translating books from a particular language. This highlights the importance of sociocultural factors.
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Nehring, Gerd-Dieter. "„Und sollte jemand nach mir fragen, sag’, dass ich ihn herzlich grüsse!”." Slavia Meridionalis 15 (September 25, 2015): 288–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sm.2015.024.
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“And if anyone would ask for me, say I greet him cordially“The paper overviews as obituary the professional career and work of the known scientist in Albanian and Balkan studies Oda Buchholz (21.01.1940-02.01.2014). It focuses particularly on her publications in the Albanian-German lexicography and grammar drafting as well as on her activities as professor and her cooperation in Germany and abroad. The obit also draws attention to important translations by this scientist and friend of South Eastern Europe. „Jeśli ktokolwiek spyta o mnie, pozdrówcie go serdecznie”Tekst nekrologu przedstawia drogę naukową i dorobek wybitnej albanolożki i bałkanolożki Ody Buchholz (21.01.1940-2.01.2014).
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Brestovci, Meliha, and Arsim Sinani. "Comparative Analysis of English Prepositions In and On Translated Into Albanian." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 13, no. 3 (May 2, 2022): 462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1303.02.
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The most common use of prepositions is to express the meaning of words placed before a noun or a pronoun, and as such they are used very frequently. The English language as well as the Albanian language, uses prepositions frequently, thus enriching the given language and allowing for a clearer expression of the functions of a sentence. This research is centered around certain prepositions in English which have a high frequency of use, and yet are quite simple. While comparing them, we will deepen the knowledge of these most frequent prepositions in English, their use and how they are translated into Albanian. These language comparison studies are becoming increasingly appealing. The structure and norms under which words interrelate are part of the study of language as a method of communication. Scholars are faced with the requirement to perform research on challenging subjects and make global and local comparisons. Therefore, this research looks into analytical and comparative analysis with the aim of enlightening and empowering the current use of prepositions in and on and giving a clearer picture of their translations in Albanian. The research is based on the analysis of two English novels that have been translated into Albanian.
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Irvine, Ann, and Chris Callison-Burch. "A Comprehensive Analysis of Bilingual Lexicon Induction." Computational Linguistics 43, no. 2 (June 2017): 273–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/coli_a_00284.
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Bilingual lexicon induction is the task of inducing word translations from monolingual corpora in two languages. In this article we present the most comprehensive analysis of bilingual lexicon induction to date. We present experiments on a wide range of languages and data sizes. We examine translation into English from 25 foreign languages: Albanian, Azeri, Bengali, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Cebuano, Gujarati, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Latvian, Nepali, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Somali, Spanish, Swedish, Tamil, Telugu, Turkish, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Vietnamese, and Welsh. We analyze the behavior of bilingual lexicon induction on low-frequency words, rather than testing solely on high-frequency words, as previous research has done. Low-frequency words are more relevant to statistical machine translation, where systems typically lack translations of rare words that fall outside of their training data. We systematically explore a wide range of features and phenomena that affect the quality of the translations discovered by bilingual lexicon induction. We provide illustrative examples of the highest ranking translations for orthogonal signals of translation equivalence like contextual similarity and temporal similarity. We analyze the effects of frequency and burstiness, and the sizes of the seed bilingual dictionaries and the monolingual training corpora. Additionally, we introduce a novel discriminative approach to bilingual lexicon induction. Our discriminative model is capable of combining a wide variety of features that individually provide only weak indications of translation equivalence. When feature weights are discriminatively set, these signals produce dramatically higher translation quality than previous approaches that combined signals in an unsupervised fashion (e.g., using minimum reciprocal rank). We also directly compare our model's performance against a sophisticated generative approach, the matching canonical correlation analysis (MCCA) algorithm used by Haghighi et al. ( 2008 ). Our algorithm achieves an accuracy of 42% versus MCCA's 15%.
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Gippert, Jost, and Wolfgang Schulze. "Some Remarks on the Caucasian Albanian Palimpsests." Iran and the Caucasus 11, no. 2 (2007): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338407x265441.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe so-called Caucasian Albanian Palimpsest kept in St. Catherine's Monastery on Mt. Sinai for the first time allows to draw a comprehensive picture of one of the languages (probably the state language) of the third medieval Christian kingdom in Transcaucasia, namely (Caucasian) Albania. The relevant parts of the two palimpsest manuscripts (Sin. N 13 and N 55) covering roughly 120 pages (that is two thirds of the two manuscripts) have been deciphered, interpreted, and translated in the course of an international project running since 2003. The Caucasian Albanian texts comprise a) fragments of a Lectionary, and b) parts of the Gospel of John, written by a different hand in a different style. A number of both text-internal and text-external arguments suggest that the original manuscripts were produced in the 7th century A.D. The analysis of the texts clearly argues in favour of the assumption that the translators relied upon corresponding Old Armenian sources. Nevertheless, it can be shown that the texts in parts deviate from those Old Armenian Bible texts that have survived to our days, so that Georgian, Greek, and Syriac sources must also be taken into account. The readable passages of the two texts furnish us with roughly 8,000 word tokens (some 1,000 lemmatised lexical entries). Hence, the Caucasian Albanian palimpsest gives a considerable insight into the lexicon, grammar, and phonology of its language, which can now safely be identified as an early variant of Udi (East Caucasian, Lezgian). Caucasian Albanian (or Old Udi) differs from present-day Udi in a number of features, including an additional set of palatalised consonants, a more conservative system of local case markers, gender distinction within the set of anaphoric pronouns, and a stronger tendency to construe larger clitic chains. The lexicon is marked for three aspects: a) the preservation of Lezgian terms lost in present-day Udi; b) a set of loans from Armenian and (less prominent) from Georgian; c) loan translations especially from Armenian. The syntax of the texts comes close to that of its sources; however, the texts also exhibit a number of syntactic features alien to both Armenian and Georgian. This suggests that the translators tried to find a balance between the preservation of the original wording of the sources and the necessity to meet the needs of the Caucasian Albanian speaking audience.
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Lama, Alma, Mirsad Suhodolli, and Eglantina Bilalli. "Analyzing the Albanian Translations of Ernest Hemingway’s "The Old Man and the Sea" Ismail Kadare and Vedat Kokona: A Comparative Study." Journal of Educational and Social Research 13, no. 6 (November 5, 2023): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2023-0159.
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Translation, or more precisely translation studies, constitutes a very important topic nowadays and on which different theories continue to be thrown depending on the way of treatment and the importance given to the special aspects related to the translation process. Despite ongoing discussions, importance is attached to the fact that the translation should create an effect on the readers of the translated text as close as possible to that of the readers of the source text. This study aims to provide a detailed analysis based on the two versions translated into Albanian of the work The Old Man and the Sea by Hemingway, namely by Ismail Kadare in 1963 and by Vedat Kokona in 1997. The methodology of this study analyzes the features and characteristics of the aspects especially the two translated versions of the original work, emphasizing the similarities as well as the changes that the translation methodology has undergone over the years. By comparing the two different periods, this study brings to light the possible transformations that take place in the translation process, as well as in this way determine the course that the translation took until a few years ago. This study allows us to observe if those features continue to be part of the translation process even today. This research consists of two linguistic corpora, one in English and one in Albanian, which makes possible the realization of this work. Due to the nature of this work, the corpus in English is the work in the original language "The Old Man and the Sea" by Ernest Hemingway, as well as the Albanian language corpus, which constitutes the two versions of the translation of the work in the original language as well as scientific literature rich and contemporary in the service of elaborating this paper.
Received: 11 September 2023 / Accepted: 20 October 2023 / Published: 5 November 2023
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Makartsev, Maxim M. "Towards Common Balkan Lexical Evidential Markers." Slovene 1, no. 1 (2012): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2012.1.1.2.
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A simple listing of lexical evidential markers in Bulgarian, Macedonian and Albanian uncovers unusual problems, because a significant part of the markers are common, both due to genetic relations between the languages (e.g. Bulg. and Maced. spored) and to areal factors (e.g. Turk. word güya / gûya was loaned into Bulg. dialectal gyoa, Maced. ǵoa and Alb. gjoja; this marker also exists in Serb.). But these common markers with the same etymology do not necessarily have similar meanings, which is both a theoretical problem for the description of the language data and a practical issue for translation between the languages. As Bulgarian, Macedonian and Albanian have grammatical evidential systems as well, there is a question how the lexical evidential markers interact with evidential forms. Here the distinction between analytic and holistic reading can be quite helpful, as it clarifies the role of each of the components in constructions. In the article it is analysed on the basis of translations between the Balkan languages. The definition of evidentiality I employ in this article is the one stated by A. Aikhenvald: “evidentiality is a linguistic category whose primary meaning is [the] source of information. […] [T]his covers the way in which the information was acquired, without necessarily relating to the degree of [the] speaker’s certainty concerning the statement or whether it is true or not”. It is well known that there is a certain variety of domains for expressing evidentiality; first and foremost there is a distinction between lexical and grammatical markers. In the following article I will concentrate on the common lexical evidential markers in Albanian, Bulgarian, and Macedonian, with a short introduction to grammatical evidentiality in these languages.
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Skenderi, Lindita, and Suzana Ejupi. "A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IDIOMS WITH THE WORD “HAND” IN ENGLISH, SPANISH AND ALBANIAN." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 7 (December 5, 2018): 2217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28072217l.
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Idioms as phraseological expressions in English have always been a topic of interest for linguists, because they represent a rich world of words, which are always attractive to be analyzed. Every language has idioms and native speakers use them very normally. However, non-native speakers find them hard to understand and even harder to use them in their communication. The paper is focused on the idioms in English which have the word “hand” in them. Furthermore, those English idioms are compared to Spanish and Albanian idioms. The aim of the study is to see where those three languages have the same idioms, based on cultural translations, and where are they different. Most of the often-used idioms which include the word “hand” were found to be the same in Spanish and Albanian. Only few of them are completely different and don’t include the word “hand”, but they still convey the same message. The examples taken are compared based on full equivalence, partial equivalence and non equivalence meaning.
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Sturgeon, Sinéad. "East-Central Europe in the Writing of James Clarence Mangan." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 12, no. 1 (October 1, 2020): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ausp-2020-0002.
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Abstract This study explores the significance of East-Central Europe in a range of James Clarence Mangan’s poetry and prose from 1838–1847, focusing particularly on his depiction of Biedermeier Vienna (in the short story “The Man in the Cloak”), revolutionary uprisings in Poland and Albania (in the poems “Siberia” and “Song of the Albanian”), and his translations from the work of Bohemian-born Viennese poet Joseph Christian Freiherr von Zedlitz (1790–1862). I argue that Mangan’s interest in this region is twofold. On the one hand, it stems from the amenability of East-Central European culture and writing to the themes and tropes of the gothic, a genre central to Mangan’s imagination; on the other, from an underlying affinity in the historical position of the Irish and East-European poet in negotiating complex and contested politics of identity. While Mangan is a poet keenly conscious of “the importance of elsewhere,” and closely engaged in contemporary continental politics, I suggest that these European elsewheres also function as Foucauldian heterotopias, mythopoetic mirrors that enable the poet both to participate in Irish cultural nationalism and to register his dissent and distance from it.
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Osmanaj (Shyti), Enejda. "Copyright Protection in Albania – A Brief Historical Overview." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v3i1.p8-17.
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Human creativity flourishes in a suitable environment, which is provided by the existence of an efficient legal system of copyright protection. In general, copyright is protected on national basis therefore the scope of protection and the requirements that must be met to ensure the protection of works and creations, differ from one country to another. Albania has its own legislation for copyright protection, as most of European countries. This paper is a historical overview of copyright legislation development in Albania. History has undeniable impact in a country's legislation. So, Albanian copyright legislation has been changed and improved from stages to stages. Copyright has found protection in Albania’s legislation, initially during the time of King Zog’s Ist (1925-1939) Reign. The Civil Code (1929) marks the first strands of copyright protection in Albania. This Code is referred to the best European legislations of the time. During the communist regime private intellectual creations and works could not be privately owned. The copyright belonged to the state. The government and the totalitarian Albanian state of that time decided to reproduce the work, or allow translation into foreign languages as well as the creation of derivative works. The Civil Code of the Republic of Albania (1981) came into force with new provisions that provided recognition and protection of copyright. After the collapse of the communism the recognition of private property was re-appeared. The authors and creators became owners of their works/performances. Firstly, Albanian Parliament adopted the law no. 7564, dated 19.05.1992 “On copyright”. Thirteen years later, the parliament enacted the Law no. 9380, dated 28.04.2005 “On copyright and other rights related to” that incorporated the provisions of the European Union Directives on Copyright Protection. Currently, the protection of copyright is provided even through some provisions of other legal acts, such as: Constitution of the Republic of Albania (1998), law no.7961/1995 “On the Labor Code of the Republic of Albania” (amended), Law no. 7895 /1995 “Criminal Code of the Republic of Albania” (amended), Law no. 7859 /1994 “On the Civil Code of the Republic of Albania” (amended) etc. In addition to the national legislation, Albania has ratified a number of international acts, which intend to protect copyright etc.
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Tahiri, Lindita. "Lost in Translation: Narrative Perspective Silenced by the Voice of the Translator." Respectus Philologicus, no. 38(43) (October 19, 2020): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2020.38.43.68.
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This study compares passages from four novels by the renowned Albanian author Ismail Kadare with their English translations: Prilli i thyer (Broken April, 1990 [1980]), Kronika në gur (Chronicle in Stone, 2007 [1971]), Vajza e Agamemnonit (The Daughter of Agamemnon, 2006 [2003]) and Pallati i ëndrrave (The Palace of Dreams, 2011 [1999]). It uses the linguistic analysis of style in the source and the target languages aiming to identify the modification of narrative perspectives during the translation process. The stylistic comparison of the original with translated versions demonstrates the shift from the internal perspective to the narratorial perspective of narration, which may be the result of the translator’s inclination to explain. In Kadare’s novels which have been translated from French, the tendency to make a clear borderline between narrative voices is evident. The translator’s lack of ability to pick out stylistic features indicating the internal perspective of the character impacts the mental representation produced by the reader of the translated text. The shift from the character’s to the narrator’s perspective influences not only the reader’s attitude towards the culture narrated in the text but also the way how the identity of the narrator is construted. Consequently, the imposed narratorial voice in the translated Kadare’s novels gives a different impression from the non-intrusive narration that the author managed to create in the communist regime.
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Iris Klosi and Ergys Bezhani. "THE NEED FOR COMPARABLE CORPORA IN TRANSLATION TEACHING AND LEARNING." ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies 13, no. 1 (February 29, 2024): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.58885/ijllis.v13i1.35ik.
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The primary objective of this research is to catalyze the scholarly progress of translation teaching and learning within higher education institutions in Albania, specifically in the preparation of students in the field of translation theory and practice. The study aims to contribute significantly to the theory and practice of translation by emphasizing the imperative to develop comparable corpora of English-Albanian texts across diverse text types. Additionally, the research will delve into establishing a typology of translation strategies in Albania. Building upon the pioneering efforts of the researchers in previous work, which involved the translation of English and Albanian texts using linguistic, stylistic, and semantic techniques, this study also pays meticulous attention to the intricate relationship between the translation process and its resulting product. By focusing on the development of comparable corpora, this research presents a valuable opportunity to enhance both the theory and practice of utilizing bilingual corpora in the context of translation teaching, learning, and research. The outcomes of this research endeavor will provide the foundational framework for the future formulation of a streamlined pedagogical typology specifically addressing the use of comparable corpora in teaching and learning translation strategies in the English-Albanian context. This typology, once developed, will further serve as the basis for generating a series of project concepts with the overarching goal of establishing cooperative agreements. These agreements are envisioned to foster collaboration in the future with colleagues from regional and Western universities, as well as with researchers and experts in the field of translation.
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Alexander, David, Jonida Carungu, and Stefania Vignini. "IFRS meets the realities of a post-communist Balkan State." Journal of Accounting and Management Information Systems 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 141–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/jamis.2022.02001.
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Research Question: How will the Substance-over-Form (SoF) ‘organism’ survive, mutate and develop in a new and unfamiliar ‘environment’? Motivation: Our study is motivated and inspired from a previous study published by Alexander et al. (2018) on “philosophy of language and accounting”. Alexander et al. (2018) used the “Substance-over-Form” principle as a case study investigation of the practicability, or non-practicability, of harmonising changes in accounting regulation across seven countries (and six languages). The objective of this paper is to investigate on a very different context: Albania (an EU candidate country, an ex-communist “Balkan state”, a different socially-constructed reality). Idea: This analysis shows the evolution of the SoF concept, by emphasizing the importance of the translation of official documents from English to Albanian and vice versa, comparing the content, the quality, and the level of translation in accounting. Data: We first analysed the main Albanian legislations on accounting from 1990 (opening year of the country to the free market economy) until 2021. Then, in order to assess the quality of translation from English to Albanian, we also critically examined the content and the level of translation of the 2018 IASB Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. Tools: The paper follows a deductive approach, as the results come from contextual data or clauses. A manual content analysis is implemented. Subsequently, a critical semantic analysis and an in-depth investigation on the level of translation of the accounting concepts, with an explicit focus on SoF treatment, is performed. Findings: The exposition, analysis and results are fully consistent with our theoretical framework, “social Darwinism”. We add the Albanian case to previous studies, providing a contrasting scenario in that Albania has a significantly different history over recent decades. We illustrate a different socially-constructed reality from the seven countries of Alexander et al. (2018), and extend the overall understanding and the overall picture. The Albanian “organism” (accounting GAAP system) is consistent with its socially-constructed reality/environment. SoF seems to be distorted in its passage from Directive/IFRS originating sources, and this may well be fully consistent with local needs, realities, and cultures. Contribution: This research contributes to academic debate in three ways. First, it adds evidence to the literature on harmonisation processes, analysing the evolution of financial reporting regulation for a specific country and the application of a fundamental concept, such as SoF, comparing it to other national regulations. Second, this work contributes to further research, being a pioneer for the application of the “social Darwinism” to the analysis of a GAAP system. Finally, the paper contributes to the development of research on translation issues in accounting, by technically analysing the level of translation of the IASB Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting and back-translating from national Laws.
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Gaba, Arben. "A Contrastive Analysis of English and Albanian Somatic Idioms - A Cognitive Perspective." European Journal of Language and Literature 6, no. 1 (May 15, 2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/498diq14u.
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In this paper we try to make a cognitive comparison between phraseological expressions originating from body-part terms in English and Albanian (taking English as our starting point). Although these languages are distant in space they do have similarities. This similarity / difference is seen better than nowhere else in the way how they conceive of the world (and the way this is expressed linguistically). They are at different stages of their linguistic cultivation where English is in a dominant position (remember here that every technological innovation has knock-on linguistic effects that affect every language including Albanian) and Albanian is in a defensive position since it has to cope with a host of concepts and realities that in one way or another have to be made tangible to Albanian speakers as well. Phraseological expressions are conceived as the tip of the iceberg of a process grounded upon transformational mechanisms (the best known of which are metaphors and metonymy) with emotional coloring adding to the mix. By way of illustration we give the following example: get blood from/out of a stone - nxjerr dhjamё nga pleshti, nxjerr ujё nga guri (extract fat out of a flea, extract water from the stone) Albanian literal translation in italics and brackets. From what we see, Albanians associate the equivalent of the English phraseological unit with water (since they are a Mediterranean country with dry summers), or with fat and flea (Albanians are known for their animal husbandry and meat-related terms).
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Shahinya, Arsen K. "The Colonization of the Early Medieval Vilayet of Armīniya by Arab Muslims." Archiv orientální 85, no. 1 (May 18, 2017): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.85.1.1-17.
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The aim of this article is to establish the time frames and main directions of the colonization process in relation to the Greater-Armenian, Caucasian Albanian and Iberian lands captured by the Semitic-speaking Arab-Muslim tribes in the early Middle Ages. A parallel task is to identify the occupied areas in these countries of the Armenian Plateau and the Southern Caucasus and provide a list of the tribes that ruled over each of these areas. These lands were united by various tribal groups from the Arabian Peninsula, Syria and Upper Mesopotamia during the 8th and 9th centuries, and this was achieved within the framework of the Arab vilayet of Armīniya. Under the early ‘Abbasids (al-‘Abbāsīyūn, 750–1258) the colonizers gradually transformed these areas of Armīniya into their own domains, and then into their hereditary emirates. In order to fulfil the above aims, the author makes use of contemporary accounts and chronicles, as well as an examination of the coins in use in the area under scrutiny and its surroundings. At the end of the article, moreover, the author provides, in alphabetical order, a complete list of the Arab-Muslim tribes that settled in the different regions of Armīniya and, during the course of the 9th century, created their hereditary emirates. This identification is made by the author, who uses square brackets as a means of providing the reader with additions to the quoted translations emanating from the texts penned by classical authors.
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Nushi, Admira. "The translation into Albanian of culturemes in Márquez’s Stories." SKOPOS. Revista Internacional de Traducción e Interpretación 14 (October 26, 2023): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/skopos.v14i.16221.
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The objective of our study is the analysis of the translation of the cultural elements of Márquez’s book, Strange Pilgrims, into the Albanian language. Cultural translation requires a complete understanding of the cultures that are involved in the exchange, so not only linguistic but also communicative, including gestures, rituals, etc. This approach exposes the translator to cultural differences and involves him in a transfer process, as illustrated in this article. Márquez proves that the cultural contrast between the Europeans and the South Americans is very significant, which makes the translator's task more difficult. The results of our analysis show us the difficulties of translating the culturemes, the challenges, and the achievements so that the Albanian reader can get hold of a literary creation close to the original. We think that the translator Mira Meksi has made a successful translation, towards the arrival pole, oriented towards the reader. The translation from the lexical-semantic perspective approaches the contemporary reader. Through this translation, the Albanian language showed a rich vocabulary and successfully conveys the linguistic registers that the author used. The translator Meksi brought the Albanian reader the characteristics of the culture of Latin American identity in twelve stories. Key words: Translation; cultureme; magical realism; Márquez, Mira Meksi;
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Kanani, Ilda. "To the Left or the Port? (Technical Translation/ Interpretation Challenges)." Romanian Journal of English Studies 15, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjes-2018-0017.
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AbstractThe present paper treats some of the challenges faced when interpreting very technical presentations, speeches and discussion panels on a very specific training on small boat operations organized by U.S Coast Guard and U.S Embassy in Vlora, Albania. It tries to investigate the interpretation problems which may arise during this kind of translation and the specific skills required by the interpreters to successfully accomplish this really demanding task. The case study method is based on the author’s experience as a consecutive interpreter (English into Albanian and vice-versa) in this training and it will provide specific interpretation challenges along with skills and strategies employed in each case.
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Mario, Gjoni. "Quality of Service in Mobile Telecommunications in Albania – Application of Marketing Strategies." International Journal of Management Excellence 13, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 2005–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17722/ijme.v13i3.1119.
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The sector of telecommunication services in Albania has undergone enormous changes over the past two decades. The decline in fixed services in number in prices but more importantly the decline in the use and perception of customers and the amazing growth of mobile services were mostly observed in any city in Albania. This paper takes into consideration mobile services and their marketing strategies, as they reach this market and how to fulfill their objectives. The focus of this study in marketing strategies and marketing mix will be specifically the quality of service that is offered by cellular companies in Albania. Also, the strategy applied will be tested if it delivers or better to say the translation in the quality perceived by the customer and their assessment of their respective companies. The study was conducted in the Albanian market in the years 2016-2017. The study will include a representative sample for the Albanian market and measure and compare the quality of services through instruments such as Servqual. In the data analysis it shows that there are statistically significant differences in the quality offered by mobile companies in Albania and the quality perceived by the client, even though the services offered, packages and products are of a more homogeneous nature. The primary data obtained in this study indicate that companies in addition to suitable marketing strategies and benchmarking with other market players should bear in mind the integrated marketing communication and placing customer and values at the center of services offered.
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Sopjani, Valentina, and Vjosa Hamiti. "Challenges in the translation of legal texts: the case in Kosovo." Comparative Legilinguistics 52 (January 9, 2023): 351–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/cl.52.2022.15.
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Our paper conducts a contrastive analysis between Albanian and English lexical units in the language of laws using corpora analysis. It fills a literature gap related to Corpus linguistics in order to better comprehend patterns of legal lexicon. We use KWIC Concordance to extract the top frequently words and concordance lines in order to analyse differences and similarities among lexical units in Albanian (Source Language) and English (Target Language) laws, compared to those identified in respective corpora. Additionally, we identify types of errors in translation, difficulties in translating legal texts, and factors that influence translators’ errors in translating certain laws of the Republic of Kosovo from Albanian into English. According to our analysis, both languages have in common the use of the same grammatical patterns such as: conjunctions, prepositions, and the use of the common noun forms. The rest have significant differences in their usage, especially with regards to particles and determiners. Our contrastive approach demonstrates that some of these laws were not originally written in Albanian and then translated into English language, as many articles within these laws lack the appropriate word structure and word order and in some cases are semantically ill-formed in the Source Language.
Key words: analysis, corpus, language, legal, translation, KWIC Concordance.
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Shahiqi, Donika Ilijazi, Jeta Kelmendi, and Sandra Anic-Milosevic. "Translation and Validation of the Albanian Version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire in Kosovo." European Journal of General Dentistry 13, no. 01 (January 2024): 037–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1777842.
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Abstract Objective Modern orthodontics is shifting from being doctor centric to patient centric, and understanding the impact of malocclusion from patient's perspective is very important. To accomplish this, questionnaires that assess the psychosocial effects of malocclusion must be validated in the original language of the respondents. The purpose of this study is translation, validation, and cross-cultural adaptation of the psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics questionnaire (PIDAQ) into the Albanian language. Materials and Methods The PIDAQ questionnaire was translated into Albanian, back translated, pretested, cross-culturally adapted, and finally delivered to 130 subjects (38% males) aged between 18 and 30 years (mean age 24.3 ± 3.7). A dentist, previously calibrated, evaluated the orthodontic treatment needs of each subject by using the dental health and aesthetics component of the Orthodontic Treatment Need Index (IOTN). In this study, the internal consistency, test–retest reliability, discriminant validity, and responsiveness were assessed. Results Albanian version of PIDAQ shows satisfactory internal consistency (α ranging from 0.90 to 0.96) with high test–retest reliability (r > 0.98). The discriminant validity revealed that subjects with minor and severe malocclusion according to IOTN categorization had different PIDAQ scores (p < 0.001). Among the domains of PIDAQ, the subscale of dental self-confidence detected differences in psychosocial impact related to orthodontic treatment during the testing of responsiveness (p < 0.001). Conclusion The PIDAQ in Albania showed strong psychometric characteristics. It is suitable for use in the Albanian cultural context.
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Motti-Stefanidi, Frosso, and Jens B. Asendorpf. "Perceived Discrimination of Immigrant Adolescents in Greece." European Psychologist 17, no. 2 (January 2012): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000116.
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The purpose of this study was to examine whether and how individual differences contribute to the translation of perceived group discrimination into perceived personal discrimination. One hundred forty-five Pontic Greek and 269 Albanian students (mean age 12.9 years) enrolled in Greek urban public schools were assessed in Grade 1 of high school. Albanians reported higher discrimination against their ethnic group, but not higher discrimination against themselves, personally, than Pontic Greeks. Personal discrimination could be predicted by perceived group discrimination as well as from individual characteristics of immigrant students, independently of their ethnicity. Furthermore, when students reported high, but not low, group discrimination, many of their individual characteristics were shown to buffer against translating perceived group discrimination into experiences of personal discrimination. These results highlight the importance of individual differences, in addition to perceptions of group discrimination, for feelings of being discriminated against as an individual and suggest that high group discrimination of immigrants, independently of ethnic background, does not necessarily result in high personal discrimination, if individual protective factors are present.
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Rexhepi, Sadije, Albulena Blakaj-Gashi, and Agnesa Haklaj. "Unraveling the Mistakes: An Analysis of Student Errors in Translating Literary Texts." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 14, no. 4 (April 29, 2024): 941–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1404.02.
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The aim of this paper is to analyse the translation performance of German students at the University of Prishtina when translating literary texts from German into Albanian. The paper focuses on the question of whether errors occur during the translation process in the areas of grammar, orthography, semantics, and sentence structure, including possible interference errors between the two languages. These errors may arise due to uncertainties, carelessness, or the influence of other languages. The interference of German manifests itself primarily in the lexical level and sentence structure. If the languages have differences in sentence structure, this interference leads to grammatically incorrect sentences. An interference of Albanian is also noticeable, primarily on a pragmatic level, which is mainly determined by the cultural context. Errors are a characteristic feature of foreign language learners. They are a phenomenon that affects not only foreign language learners but also native speakers. This paper analyses and classifies the errors that German students at the University of Prishtina make when translating by applying the theoretical, analytical, and contrastive methods in the translation of literary texts.
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Vula, Elsa, and Nazli Tyfekçi. "Navigating Non-Literal Language: The Complexities of Translating Idioms Across Cultural Boundaries." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 13, no. 2 (March 5, 2024): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2024-0049.
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This research delves into the intricacies of translating idioms, focusing on the transition from English to Albanian. Idioms, deeply rooted in cultural and historical contexts, present significant challenges for translators because of their non-literal meanings and cultural specificity. The study reviews existing literature on idiom translation, highlighting the difficulties translators face and the strategies they use to maintain the authenticity of the source material. The paper identifies essential translation strategies such as paraphrasing, omission, and finding linguistic equivalents crucial in preserving the original text's intended meaning and essence. It emphasizes the importance of cultural understanding and cross-cultural awareness in the translation process, especially when dealing with fixed expressions and idioms that are culturally bound. Through an analysis of the translation of idioms from English to Albanian, the study reveals the need for coherence and careful consideration of linguistic nuances to convey meaningful messages effectively. It discusses conceptual metaphors, the cultural significance of specific motifs (like animals) in English idioms, and their translation into Albanian. Furthermore, the study explores the implications of idiom translation in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education. It suggests that teaching idioms by connecting them to their cultural origins and incorporating real-life examples can enhance EFL students' language proficiency and cultural understanding. The paper concludes by emphasizing the role of skilled translators in bridging linguistic and cultural gaps and provides references for further exploration of the topic.
Received: 1 November 2023 / Accepted: 13 February 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024
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Karasaliu, Alma. "SHAPING SWIFT’S EXPRESSIVENESS THROUGH THE TRANSLATION OF HIS METAPHORS IN ALBANIAN LANGUAGE." CBU International Conference Proceedings 4 (September 22, 2016): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v4.775.
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Metaphors have become the focus of a wide variety of discussions in the field of translation theory and practice. They are important rhetorical devices with cognitive function that have been thoroughly studied and considered important by various scholars. Taking into consideration the difficulties implied with identifying and translating such devices, this article aims to identify the procedures employed in translating some of the metaphors present in “A Tale of a Tub” and “Gulliver’s Travels”, two of the most prominent satires of Jonathan Swift. In this context, based on the translation procedures suggested by Raymond van den Broeck, special attention is given to the formal characteristics and efficiency of the relevant devices in the target language and the degree to which the originality of the message intended by the author in the source language is conserved and conveyed in the target language, with focus on the culture compatibility between both target and source languages. Finally, the high level of naturalness and presence of various translation procedures employed in the conveyance of metaphors in both works is stated, emphasizing the use of an additional approach, not mentioned in either the procedures suggested by van den Broeck or those suggested by Newmark.
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Nuhiu, Majlinda. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SENTENCE PLACEMENT OF ADJECTIVES FROM THE ALBANIAN TO THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE." CBU International Conference Proceedings 6 (September 27, 2018): 685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v6.1233.
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Our main aim in this research paper is to analyze the place of adjectives in translated paradigms from the Albanian to the English language. The corpus is taken from translated books of the well known Albanian writer, Ismail Kadare, translated into the English language, exclusively by native English translators. Firstly, we’ll try to present the general place of adjectives in each language separately. Secondly, by comparing and contrasting the corpus of the both languages we will try to find out numerous and diverse similarities and differences in both of the languages, and with the help of the corpus we will check the results. With the help of Levenstone’s (1965) translational’ paradigms we’ll try to find out if adjectives in the Albanian language change their sentence position after they are translated into English. The technique being used is an objective technique, working with the corpus, one-way translation and a group test of Gjorgevic (1982).
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Vula, Elsa. "The Usage of Cohesive Devices During Text Translation from Albanian to English and Vice Versa." European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/963rqd45z.
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Translation as a complicated process requires a great commitment and hard work in order to realize the text transformation in the best coherent and meaningful way. It is generally known, that no two languages in world have more similarities than differences in their construction. Because of high number of differences that they may share, problems or challenges in the process of translation increase. This research paper focuses on the usage of cohesive devices during text translation from Albanian to English and vice versa. Firstly, this paper introduces the theoretical background on translation, text linguistics and the internal part of a text. Secondly, it elaborates the importance of cohesion and coherence, as criteria of text linguistics as well as their role in the process of translation. In this research has been used the empirical method, in analyzing the texts translation from Albanian to English, by elaborating the addition of cohesive devices which enabled a coherent translation. In addition, there is presented a text translation from English to Albanian, which shows the non-coherent translation and coherent because of the differences among Albanian and English due to linguistic relativism, demonstrative pronouns and noun’s cases.