To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Translations into English (Middle English).
Journal articles on the topic 'Translations into English (Middle English)'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Translations into English (Middle English).'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
LIGHT, CAITLIN, and JOEL WALLENBERG. "The expression of impersonals in Middle English." English Language and Linguistics 19, no. 2 (July 2015): 227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674315000076.
Full textAbstract:
This article contributes to continuing work on the information structural function of passivization, and how quantitative changes in the implementation of a syntactic strategy may be tied in with the acquisition or loss of comparable strategies. Seoane (2006) outlines a proposal that suggests that the passive construction is used more extensively in English than in the other Germanic languages in order to compensate for the lack of unmarked object topicalization found in languages with verb-seconding (V2). We reconsider this hypothesis from a quantitative perspective and find that, upon further examination, the claim does not hold.We compare parallel New Testament translations along two dimensions: one set across three stages of historical English, and one set across three Germanic languages. We find that the reported change in the rate of passivization between stages of English, and between English and other Germanic languages, is in fact not directly related to the presence or absence of a V2 grammar, but rather due to the availability (or absence) of different strategies of forming impersonal clauses.The current article focuses in more detail on one of the findings of an ongoing study into phenomena linked to the change in passivization in English. While the New Testament translations provide evidence that the overall rate of passivization remains stable across the history of English in one context, we find, in contrast, a significant difference in the rate of passivization between three translations of the Rule of St Benedict. These translations represent an Old English (OE) translation and two Middle English (ME) translations: one Northern, and one Southern. The data reveal a dialect distinction in ME: the Northern translation passivizes at a significantly lower rate.Unlike the New Testament, which is primarily a narrative, the Rule of St Benedict text is written as a set of instructions, and passivization is primarily a strategy for expressing clauses in which no agent can be specified. We find that where the Southern translation of the Rule of St Benedict uses a passive, the Northern translation frequently expresses the same content via an active clause with impersonal man in the subject position. While clauses with impersonal man can be found in both the Northern ME and OE translations of this text, it is wholly absent from the Southern ME translation.This reveals a dialect difference in the ME period: the Southern dialect appears to entirely lack a historically attested strategy for forming impersonal clauses. This, in turn, becomes one factor leading to a rise in the rate of passivization, as passive clauses are used to compensate for the missing strategy.
2
Twomey, Michael W. "Middle English Translations of Medieval Encyclopedias." Literature Compass 3, no. 3 (May 2006): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-4113.2006.00342.x.
Full text
3
Smith, Ross. "J. R. R. Tolkien and the art of translating English into English." English Today 25, no. 3 (July 30, 2009): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078409990216.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTTranslation techniques favoured by Tolkien in rendering Beowulf and other medieval poetry into modern English. J. R. R. Tolkien was a prolific translator, although most of his translation work was not actually published during his lifetime, as occurred with the greater part of his fiction. He never did any serious translation from modern foreign languages into English, but rather devoted himself to the task of turning Old English and Middle English poetry into something that could be readily understood by speakers of the modern idiom. His largest and best-known published translation is of the anonymous 14th Century poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, which was published posthumously with two other translations from Middle English in the volume Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Pearl and Sir Orfeo (Allen & Unwin 1975). The translation of Middle English texts constitutes the bulk of his output in this field, both in the above volume and in the fragments that appear in his lectures and essays. However, his heart really lay in the older, pre-Norman form of the language, and particularly in the greatest piece of literature to come down to us from the Old English period, the epic poem Beowulf.
4
MacDonald, Anne. "The Quest for an English-Speaking Nāgārjuna." Indo-Iranian Journal 58, no. 4 (2015): 357–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15728536-05800065.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past century Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārikā (MMK) has been translated, in part and in its entirety, into an array of languages. Although a number of English translations have appeared, a philologically reliable yet readable English rendering of the MMK has remained a desideratum. A new translation by Mark Siderits and Shōryū Katsura now supersedes Jay Garfield’s previously popular MMK translation, which, made in reliance on only the Tibetan version of the MMK, is often problematic (The Fundamental Wisdom of the Middle Way, Oxford, 1995). Siderits’ and Katsura’s attempt to improve upon previous translations of the MMK was recently acknowledged by the Khyentse Foundation, which at the 17th Congress of the International Association of Buddhist Studies awarded them its 2014 “Prize for Outstanding Translation.”
5
Byrne, Aisling. "From Hólar to Lisbon: Middle English Literature in Medieval Translation, c.1286–c.1550." Review of English Studies 71, no. 300 (September 9, 2019): 433–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgz085.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper offers the first survey of evidence for the translation of Middle English literature beyond the English-speaking world in the medieval period. It identifies and discusses translations in five vernaculars: Welsh, Irish, Old Norse-Icelandic, Dutch, and Portuguese. The paper examines the contexts in which such translation took place and considers the role played by colonial, dynastic, trading, and ecclesiastical networks in the transmission of these works. It argues that English is in the curious position of being a vernacular with a reasonable international reach in translation, but often with relatively low literary and cultural prestige. It is evident that most texts translated from English in this period are works which themselves are based on sources in other languages, and it seems probable that English-language texts are often convenient intermediaries for courtly or devotional works more usually transmitted in French or Latin.
6
Watt, D. "Translating the Middle Ages." English 47, no. 189 (September 1, 1998): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/english/47.189.235.
Full text
7
Solopova, Elizabeth. "From Bede to Wyclif: The Knowledge of Old English within the Context of Late Middle English Biblical Translation and Beyond." Review of English Studies 71, no. 302 (December 10, 2019): 805–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/hgz134.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The continuity between Old and Middle English periods has been a matter of interest and debate in the field of medieval studies. Though it is widely accepted that Old English texts continued to be copied and used in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the possibility that they were collected, read and studied, and influenced scholars and religious thinkers in late medieval England is often rejected as implausible. The reason most commonly given is the difficulty of understanding the Old English language in the late Middle Ages. The present article aims to reassess this view and re-examine evidence for the reading and use of Old English texts in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries with a primary focus on biblical translation. The article explores the possibility that Middle English glosses that occur in Old English sermon and biblical manuscripts reflect a scholarly interest in these texts, rather than a struggle to understand their language. The article also examines evidence that the translators of the Wycliffite Bible may have had some familiarity with Old English biblical translations, possibly as a result of study of biblical and sermon manuscripts.
8
Gillhammer, Cosima Clara. "Non-Wycliffite Bible Translation in Oxford, Trinity College, 29 and Universal History Writing in Late Medieval England." Anglia 138, no. 4 (November 11, 2020): 649–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ang-2020-0052.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe late-fifteenth-century Middle English manuscript Oxford, Trinity College, 29 contains a universal history of the world, compiled from diverse religious and secular source texts and written by a single compiler-scribe. A great part of the text is focused on Old Testament history and uses the Vulgate as a key source, thus offering an opportunity to examine in detail the compiler’s strategies of translating the text of the Bible into the vernacular. The Bible translations in this manuscript are unconnected to the Wycliffite translations, and are non-reformist in their interpretative framework, implications, and use. This evidence is of particular interest as an example of the range of approaches to biblical translation and scholarship in the vernacular found in late medieval English texts, despite the restrictive legislation concerning Bible translation in fifteenth-century England. The strategies of translating the biblical text found in this manuscript include close word-by-word translation (seemingly unencumbered by anxieties about censorship), as well as other modes of interaction, such as summary, and exegesis. This article situates these modes of engagement with the Bible within a wider European textual tradition of including biblical material in universal history writing.
9
Štrmelj, Lidija. "On Omissions and Substitutions in the Medieval English Translations of the Gospel." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 9, no. 2 (May 10, 2012): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.9.2.65-85.
Full textAbstract:
This paper provides the data on the omissions and substitutions of Latin text fragments made in the Old and Middle English translations of St. John’s Gospel. It aims to explore how frequently and for what reasons one or the other translator, or occasionally both of them, turned to these deviations in the process of rendering, and to find out whether there were some significant differences between the translations concerning these procedures. As the translations were composed over a span of more than 3oo years, some of the evidence certainly reveals changes in the understanding and experiencing of biblical and other terms that occurred over the course of time, as reflected in language. These changes are first and foremost what we wish to discuss in this paper, but other matters will be also considered, such as the authors’ priorities in translation and specific features of their language.
10
Joseph M. Sullivan. "Select Bibliography for Middle High German Arthurian Romance of English-Language Translations and Recent Scholarship in English." Arthuriana 20, no. 3 (2010): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/art.2010.0001.
Full text
11
Štrmelj, Lidija, and Milenko Lončar. "The Present and Past Participles in the Medieval English Translations of St. John’s Gospel from Latin." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 8, no. 2 (October 10, 2011): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.8.2.19-42.
Full textAbstract:
The present participle and past participle, together with the infinitive, have a long history in English; this is quite contrary to finite verb forms, which mostly developed during the Middle English period. Participles were already in use in the earliest stages of the language and performed functions similar to those of the present active participle and perfect passive participle in Latin. Therefore, one may assume that Latin participles are rendered into Old English and Middle English mostly by means of their English equivalents. It appears, however, that this was not the case. The data provided in our research lead us to the conclusion that the implementation of participles in English was rather difficult and slow, at least when it comes to the Gospel translations. This paper shows what was used instead – for example, various types of clauses; it also shows the reasons for this (such as ambiguity hidden sometimes in participles).
12
HAEBERLI, ERIC. "Syntactic effects of contact in translations: evidence from object pronoun placement in Middle English." English Language and Linguistics 22, no. 2 (July 2018): 301–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674318000151.
Full textAbstract:
Whereas object pronouns regularly occurred before the main verb in Old and early Middle English, such word orders were to a large extent lost in Middle English prose by the end of the thirteenth century. Nevertheless, some isolated later texts still show regular preverbal occurrences of object pronouns. Such word orders are most frequent with three texts that are translations of French sources. This article closely examines one of these texts, the Middle English prose Brut, and its source, and argues that contact influence is the most plausible explanation for its distinct behaviour with respect to object pronoun placement. It is also shown that the translator does not slavishly follow his source and that the contact effects are mainly of the statistical type in that word orders occurring very marginally in other texts appear with high frequencies in the Brut while such a contrast is not found for a word order that is unattested elsewhere. These observations are compatible with the equally exceptional but slightly different distribution of object pronouns in another translation from French, the Ayenbite of Inwyt. The findings of this article show that translation-induced contact and, possibly, contact in bilingual language use more generally can have important quantitative effects and that these have to be seriously considered in any syntactic analysis of historical texts based on a foreign source text.
13
Djordjević, Ivana. "Translating Courtesy in a Middle English Romance." Studia Neophilologica 76, no. 2 (December 2004): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/003932270410003945.
Full text
14
Fordoński, Krzysztof. "English 18th-Century Women Poets and Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski: Adaptation, Paraphrase, Translation." Terminus 22, no. 4 (57) (2020): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843844te.20.017.12537.
Full textAbstract:
The paper deals with six poems of three 18th-century English women poets—Lady Mary Chudleigh, Mary Masters, and Anne Steele “Theodosia”—inspired by the works of the greatest Polish Neo-Latin poet Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski. The aim of the study is to present the three authors, their biographies and literary oeuvres, and to attempt an analysis of the poems in question within this context. The biographies, social position—Chudleigh was the wife a baronet, the two others belonged to the middle class—and education of the three authoresses differ and yet they all shared the limitations resulting from the fact that they were women in 18th-century England, and were therefore denied access to academic education. The analysis of the texts and biographies has proven that it is highly improbable that either of the three women poets could translate the poems from Latin originals. All of their translations are based on earlier renditions; in the case of Chudleigh it is possible to identify the source text, that is the translation by John Norris. Inasmuch as it can be ascertained from the available biographical and critical sources and the results, the attitudes of the three poetesses towards their work varied. Only Masters acknowledged the source material in her publications. Although the current concepts of translation are different, her two poems: On a Fountain. Casimir, Lib. Epod. Ode 2 and Casimir, Lib. I. Ode 2—qualify as translations by the standards of her times. They are analysed here in detail. Neither Chudleigh nor Steele mentioned Sarbiewski in their publications. Their decision can be justified by the fact that their poems, even if clearly (though most likely indirectly) inspired by his lyrics, must be classified as free adaptations or even original poetry influenced by Sarbiewski or earlier translations and adaptations of his works.
15
Fordoński, Krzysztof. "English 18th-Century Women Poets and Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski: Adaptation, Paraphrase, Translation." Terminus 22, no. 4 (57) (2020): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843844te.20.017.12537.
Full textAbstract:
The paper deals with six poems of three 18th-century English women poets—Lady Mary Chudleigh, Mary Masters, and Anne Steele “Theodosia”—inspired by the works of the greatest Polish Neo-Latin poet Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski. The aim of the study is to present the three authors, their biographies and literary oeuvres, and to attempt an analysis of the poems in question within this context. The biographies, social position—Chudleigh was the wife a baronet, the two others belonged to the middle class—and education of the three authoresses differ and yet they all shared the limitations resulting from the fact that they were women in 18th-century England, and were therefore denied access to academic education. The analysis of the texts and biographies has proven that it is highly improbable that either of the three women poets could translate the poems from Latin originals. All of their translations are based on earlier renditions; in the case of Chudleigh it is possible to identify the source text, that is the translation by John Norris. Inasmuch as it can be ascertained from the available biographical and critical sources and the results, the attitudes of the three poetesses towards their work varied. Only Masters acknowledged the source material in her publications. Although the current concepts of translation are different, her two poems: On a Fountain. Casimir, Lib. Epod. Ode 2 and Casimir, Lib. I. Ode 2—qualify as translations by the standards of her times. They are analysed here in detail. Neither Chudleigh nor Steele mentioned Sarbiewski in their publications. Their decision can be justified by the fact that their poems, even if clearly (though most likely indirectly) inspired by his lyrics, must be classified as free adaptations or even original poetry influenced by Sarbiewski or earlier translations and adaptations of his works.
16
AILES, M. "COMPREHENSION PROBLEMS AND THEIR RESOLUTION IN THE MIDDLE ENGLISH VERSE TRANSLATIONS OF FIERABRAS1." Forum for Modern Language Studies XXXV, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 396–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fmls/xxxv.4.396.
Full text
17
Sela, Shlomo, Carlos Steel, C. Philipp E. Nothaft, David Juste, and Charles Burnett. "A Newly Discovered Treatise by Abraham Ibn Ezra and Two Treatises Attributed to Al-Kindī in a Latin Translation by Henry Bate." Mediterranea. International Journal on the Transfer of Knowledge 5 (March 21, 2020): 193–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/mijtk.v5i.12257.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of the current study is to offer the first critical edition, accompanied by an English translation and introductory study, of a tripartite Latin text addressing world astrology preserved in a single manuscript: MS Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 1407, fols. 55r–62r (14th/15th century). This study also includes the Middle English translation of discontinuous sections of this tripartite Latin text as transmitted in MS London, Royal College of Physicians, 384, fols. 83v–85r. It is argued that the first part of this tripartite text incorporates a hitherto unknown Latin translation by Henry Bate of the lost third version of Abraham Ibn Ezra’s Sefer ha-ʿOlam. The other two parts include two Latin translations, also carried out by Henry Bate, of treatises ascribed to Ya‘qūb ibn Ishāq al-Kindī, the « philosopher of the Arabs ».
18
Iqbal, Muzaffar. "cAbdullah Yūsuf cAlī & Muhammad Asad: Two Approaches to the English Translation of the Qur'an." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 2, no. 1 (January 2000): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2000.2.1.107.
Full textAbstract:
This article attempts to present a comparative study of the role of two twentieth-century English translations of the Qur'an: cAbdullah Yūsuf cAlī's The Meaning of the Glorious Qur'ān and Muḥammad Asad's The Message of the Qur'ān. No two men could have been more different in their background, social and political milieu and life experiences than Yūsuf cAlī and Asad. Yūsuf 'Alī was born and raised in British India and had a brilliant but traditional middle-class academic career. Asad traversed a vast cultural and geographical terrain: from a highly-disciplined childhood in Europe to the deserts of Arabia. Both men lived ‘intensely’ and with deep spiritual yearning. At some time in each of their lives they decided to embark upon the translation of the Qur'an. Their efforts have provided us with two incredibly rich monumental works, which both reflect their own unique approaches and the effects of the times and circumstances in which they lived. A comparative study of these two translations can provide rich insights into the exegesis and the phenomenon of human understanding of the divine text.
19
Dumas, Geneviève, and Caroline Boucher. "Medical Translations and Practical Compilations: A Necessary Coincidence?" Early Science and Medicine 17, no. 3 (2012): 273–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338212x645094.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractFourteenthand fifteenth-century medicine is characterised by a trickle-down effect which led to an increasing dissemination of knowledge in the vernacular. In this context, translations and compilations appear to be two similar endeavours aiming to provide access to contents pertaining to the particulars of medical practice. Nowhere is this phenomenon seen more clearly than in vernacular manuscripts on surgery. Our study proposes to compare for the first time two corpora of manuscripts of surgical compilations, in Middle French and Middle English respectively, in order to discuss form and matter in this type of book production.
20
Furnish, Shearle. "Thematic Structure and Symbolic Motif in the Middle English Breton Lays." Traditio 62 (2007): 83–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900000544.
Full textAbstract:
The Breton Lays in Middle English is an enigmatic label customarily used to designate eight or nine brief narratives: Sir Orfeo, Sir Degaré, Lay le Freine, “The Franklin's Tale,” Sir Launfal, The Earl of Toulouse, Emaré, and Sir Gowther. The label is awkward because it may seem to suggest that the poems are consistently derived from or inspired by Breton or Old French sources and thus are a sort of stepchildren, little more than translations or, worse, misunderstandings of a multi-media heritage. Most scholars have seen the grouping as traditional and artificial, passed along in uncritical reception, not resting on substantial generic similarities that distinguish the poems from other literary forms. John Finlayson, for instance, concludes, “In fact, considered coldly, shortness and adventure or ordeal would seem to be the only things that can really be isolated as universal characteristics.” Some scholars have accounted for the poems as a set. The distinctions they discuss commonly include the lays' close relation to the conventions of the folk-tale, relationship to provincial audiences, and a growing sophistication of the craft of fiction.
21
Hijjo, Nael F. M., Surinderpal Kaur, and Kais Amir Kadhim. "Reframing the Arabic Narratives on Daesh in the English Media: The Ideological Impact." Open Linguistics 5, no. 1 (April 20, 2019): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2019-0005.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper discusses the dynamic role of translators in possibly promoting certain ideologies and political agendas by presenting stories through the lens of an ideologically laden meta-narrative. It compares the representation of ‘Daesh’ in the narratives of Arabic editorials and their English translations published by the Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI). MEMRI is a pro-Israeli organization, widely cited by leading Western media outlets, especially in the US. The study adopts the narrative theoryinformed analysis of Baker (2006) as its theoretical framework to examine how narrative is used to legitimize, normalize, and justify certain actions to the public. The findings suggest that through translation, MEMRI draws upon the meta-narrative of the War on Terror in furthering its ideologically laden agenda of terrorist Arabs and Muslims by publishing selective and decontextualized excerpts and mistranslation of concepts such as Daesh (داعش), Jihad (جهاد), and Jizya (جزية).
22
O'MARA, VERONICA M. "AN UNKNOWN MIDDLE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF A BRIGITTINE WORK." Notes and Queries 36, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/36-2-162.
Full text
23
Bubb, Alexander. "The Race for Hafiz: Scholarly and Popular Translations at the Fin de Siècle." Comparative Critical Studies 17, no. 2 (June 2020): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2020.0360.
Full textAbstract:
The great Persian lyric poet Hafiz was first translated into English by Sir William Jones in the 1780s. In the course of the nineteenth century many further translations would appear, initially intended for the use of oriental scholars and students of the Persian language, but increasingly also for the general reading public. The paraphrasers or ‘popularizers’ who devised the latter category of translation competed with professional scholars to shape the dissemination and popular perception of Persian poetry. Owing to a variety of factors, the middle of the nineteenth century saw a marked decline in the number of new Hafiz translations, and it is not until 1891 that a complete edition of Hafiz's works finally appeared in English. This led to an unusual situation, particular to Britain, in which scholars (Edward H. Palmer, Henry Wilberforce-Clarke, Gertrude Bell), and popularizers (Richard Burton, Herman Bicknell, Justin McCarthy, Richard Le Gallienne, John Payne) all jostled to fill the vacuum created by the absence of a definitive version. Their competition created, in short order, a diversity of versions presented to consumers, which allowed Hafiz's influence to be felt in twentieth-century poetry untrammelled by the impress (as became the case with Omar Khayyam) of one dominant translator. While the refraction of Hafiz through the biases and predispositions of multiple translators has been regarded as hopelessly distorting by Julie Scott Meisami, I argue instead that it highlights lyric, in the richness and diversity characteristic of Hafiz, as the Persian poetic mode which has been more influential on English writing and yet the most difficult to categorize and integrate. Lastly, by paying heed to the popular transmission of Hafiz in English, we might better understand the reception of Persian poetry in its generic, rather than only its formal character.
24
Classen, Albrecht. "The Lais of Marie de France: Text and Translation, ed. and trans. by Claire M. Waters. Peterborough, Ont., and Tonawanda, NY: Broadview Press, 2018, 424 pp." Mediaevistik 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med012018_409.
Full textAbstract:
Famous medieval writers continuously find modern publishers willing to produce ever new translations into modern vernacular languages, while the vast majority of contemporary medieval authors linger in the margins and often continue to await even the publication of a critical edition of their works. This is the case with Marie de France as well, whose lais have now been translated into English once again by Claire M. Waters who is Professor of English at the University of California, Davis. She has previously published studies such as Angels and Earthly Creatures: Preaching, Performance, and Gender in the Later Middle Ages (2003), Virgins and Scholars: A Fifteenth-Century Compilation of the Lives of John the Baptist, John the Evangelist, Jerome, and Katherine of Alexandria (2008), and Translating Clergie: Status, Education, and Salvation in Thirteenth-Century Vernacular Texts (2016).
25
Haj Omar, Husam. "Ideology in the Translation of Political Speeches during the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Critical Discourse Analysis." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 12, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/tc29460.
Full textAbstract:
Ideology plays a central role in people’s lives and thus in shaping politicians’ decisions and translators’ choices. This role becomes clearer and more active in the context of the Middle East political domain, due to the constant ideological conflict in the region. This paper aims to analyse the translations of political speeches delivered by the Hamas and Hezbollah leaders during two Arab-Israeli conflicts: Lebanon War 2006 and Gaza War 2008/9. These translations often took the form of news reports that included translated excerpts from the speeches. The study suggests that there was a degree of distortion in the translation and editing processes by key English-speaking media outlets. Certain ideological strategies and devices were used by news outlets to manipulate the translation of the messages embedded in the speeches. The study investigates the role of the translator as well as the patron in deciding the outcome of the translation process.
26
Lis, Kinga. "Richard Rolle’s Psalter Rendition: The Work of a Language Purist?" Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 50, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 45–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2015-0016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Richard Rolle’s Psalter rendition, as any of the medieval English Psalter translations, is thickly enveloped in a set of assertions, originating in the nineteenth century, whose validity has been accepted unquestioned. It is the purpose of the present paper to investigate one such claim concerning the vocabulary selection, according to which Rolle’s rendition would employ almost exclusively lexical items of native origin, except for the instances where no proper item with native etymology presents itself in a particular context and Rolle is forced to use a Latin-derived word. The assertion generates at least two problematic issues. Firstly, it identifies Rolle’s translation as most exceptional in relation to the remaining 14th-century English Psalter translations: the Wycliffite Bibles and the Middle English Glossed Prose Psalter of which the former are asserted to be overtly influenced by the Latin text they render and the latter deeply indebted both syntactically and, more importantly, lexically to a ‘French source’. Secondly, it ascribes Richard Rolle the ideas nowadays covered by the term linguistic purism. Therefore, it seems necessary to analyse the lexical layer of the text in search of evidence, or lack thereof, which sets Rolle’s translation lexically apart from other renditions and sheds some light on the issue of Rolle’s supposed linguistic purism. Such a study is conducted on the basis of the nominal layer of the first fifty Psalms of the four relevant texts analysed in relation to their common Latin source text as only the juxtaposition of all of these enables one to (dis)prove the claim cited above. To provide a wider context from which to view them, the findings will be presented in relation to an overview of the contemporary theory of translation and set against a broadly sketched linguistic map of contemporary England.
27
Yizhen, Sun. "Analyzing the Application of Functional Linguistics in Junior Middle School English Teaching." Journal of Educational Theory and Management 4, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jetm.v4i2.3744.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the application of functional linguistics in junior middle school English teaching, this article first illustrates the concepts of systematic grammar and functional grammar. Secondly, according to the application of functional grammar in reading, in translation and in writing, it is concluded that applied linguistics has an important role in promoting junior middle school English teaching, which comprehensively illustrates the importance of functional linguistics in junior middle school English teaching. Functional linguistics is of great significance to instruct junior middle school teaching. This paper explores the definition of functional linguistics and the linguistic patterns of functional linguistics.
28
Kraebel, A. B. "Middle English Gospel Glosses and the Translation of Exegetical Authority." Traditio 69, no. 1 (2014): 87–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/trd.2014.0003.
Full text
29
Kraebel, A. B. "Middle English Gospel Glosses and the Translation of Exegetical Authority." Traditio 69 (2014): 87–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362152900001926.
Full textAbstract:
The non-Wycliffite Middle English commentaries on the Synoptic Gospels in MSS London, British Library Egerton 842 (Matt.), Cambridge, University Library Ii.2.12 (Matt.), and Cambridge, Corpus Christi College Parker 32 (Mark and Luke) are important witnesses to the widespread appeal of scholastic exegesis in later fourteenth-century England. They appear to have been produced by two different commentators (or teams of commentators) who worked without knowledge of one another's undertakings but responded similarly to the demand for vernacular biblical material. The commentary on Matthew represents a more extensive effort at compilation than the Mark and Luke texts, and, in his elaborate prologue, the Matthew commentator translates the priorities of scholastic Latin criticism even as he tailors his writing to meet the perceived needs of his English readers. Especially when considered alongside the WycliffiteGlossed Gospels, these texts illustrate further the variety and richness of vernacular biblical commentary composed in the decades following the important precedent of Richard Rolle'sEnglish Psalter.
30
Gibbs, Tanya. "Seeking economic cyber security: a Middle Eastern example." Journal of Money Laundering Control 23, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 493–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-09-2019-0076.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The transformation of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) into an important global economic player has been accompanied by digitalization that has also left it at a risk to cybercrime. Concurrent with the rise in technology use, the UAE fast became one of the most targeted countries in the world. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the UAE has tried to cope with accelerating levels of cyber threat using legislative and regulatory efforts as well as public- and private-sector initiatives meant to raise cybersecurity awareness. Design/methodology/approach The paper surveys the UAE’s cybersecurity legislative, regulatory and educational initiatives from 2003 to 2019. Findings Because the human factor still remains the number one reason for security breaches, robust cyber laws alone are not enough to protect against cyber threats. Building public awareness and educating internet users about cyber risks and safety have become essential components of the UAE's efforts in building a more secure cyber environment for the country. Research limitations/implications The paper relies on English-language translations of primary sources (laws) originally in Arabic, as well as English-language studies from local media. This should not be considered a problem, as English is established as the language of business and commerce in the UAE. Practical implications The paper provides a detailed overview of the country’s cybersecurity environment to guide and aide practitioners with risk assessment and legal and regulatory compliance. Originality/value The paper presents a comprehensive overview of the UAE’s cybersecurity legislative, regulatory and educational environment. It also surveys government and private sector initiatives directed in protecting the country’s cyberspace.
31
CHENGGANG, ZHOU, and JIANG YAJUN. "Wailaici and English borrowings in Chinese." English Today 20, no. 3 (July 2004): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078404003086.
Full textAbstract:
We read with interest Hongyuan Wang's article ‘Loans to the Middle Kingdom revisited’ (ET77 Jan 04). This is a response to, and continuation of, Elizabeth Malischewski's 1987 article ‘Loan words to the Middle Kingdom’ in ET12, the author expresses the hope that this description ‘might serve as a useful addition to’ it (Wang 2004:47). We are as delighted to see the topic revisited after sixteen years as the editor, who states that Wang's article is ‘a valued addition to our series on English, China, China English, and Chinglish, and to Malischewski's original piece’ (McArthur 2004:2). However, we found that quite a number of words listed in the article are not loanwords, because of misunderstandings regarding loan word and loan translation in English and wailaici and wailaiyu, equivalents of loanword in a broader sense in Chinese, as a result of which his classification of the borrowings is confusing. The article has also tended to over-simplify the complex situation of such borrowings in Chinese and as such is misleading. We would like in this paper to clarify some of the misunderstandings and offer a brief introduction to the study of English borrowings in Chinese, a field which began c.1913 with the publication of Evan Morgan's Chinese New Terms & Expressions in Shanghai.
32
Beal, Jane. "Ethan Campbell, The Gawain-Poet and Fourteenth-Century English Anti-Clerical Tradition. Research in Medieval and Early Modern Culture. Kalamazoo, MI: Medieval Institute Publications / Western Michigan University, 2018, pp. 238." Mediaevistik 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 427–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med012018_427.
Full textAbstract:
In the past four years, there has been a flurry of valuable new work on the poems of the Gawain-poet (also known as the Pearl-poet), which includes new editions, translations, monographs, pedagogical studies, and online resources. Among the editions and translations are Malcolm Andrew and Ronald Waldron’s excellent facsimile edition and translation of Cotton Nero A.x (Folio Society, 2016), Simon Armitage’s verse translations of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Pearl (W.W. Norton, 2008 and 2016 respectively) and, I allow myself to mention, my own dual-language edition-translation of Pearl with supplementary materials for collegiate teaching (Broadview, forthcoming). Academic monographs include Piotyr Spyra’s Epistemological Perspective of the Pearl-Poet (Ashgate, 2014), Cecelia Hatt’s God and the Gawain-Poet: Theology and Genre (Boydell & Brewer, 2015), my Signifying Power of Pearl: Medieval Literary and Cultural Contexts for the Transformation of Genre (Routledge, 2017), and Lisa Horton’s Scientific Rhetoric of the Pearl-Poet (Arc Humanities Press, forthcoming). Editors Mark Bradshaw Busbee and I have published Approaches to Teaching the Middle English Pearl (MLA, 2017), which contains insightful pedagogical essays from several professors. The journal Glossator provides a complete commentary on each section of Pearl, available online (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://glossator.org/2015/03/30/glossator-9-2015-pearl">https://glossator.org/2015/03/30/glossator-9-2015-pearl</ext-link>/), and additional resources are available at “Medieval Pearl” (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://medievalpearl.wordpress.com">https://medievalpearl.wordpress.com</ext-link>). Now Ethan Campbell’s The Gawain-Poet and the Fourteenth-Century English Anticlerical Tradition joins the ranks, making a meaningful contribution to our understanding of the poet in his cultural milieu.
33
Jin, Yingying. "A Commentary on English Translation of “Wen Fu”." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1008.13.
Full textAbstract:
Since the middle of the 20th century, “Wen Fu” has been translated into the Western world by many Chinese and foreign translators, which vastly promoted the spread and acceptance of ancient Chinese literary theory in the West and was of great significance to facilitate the exchange and cooperation between Chinese and foreign academic circles on the study of “Wen Fu”. By the comparison of Sam Hamill’s and Stephen Owen’s English versions of “Wen Fu”, this paper is designed to explore the translators’ translation purpose, analyze the differences in translation strategies, and expound the discrepancies in word selection so as to extend the existing studies of “Wen Fu”.
34
MOLINEAUX, BENJAMIN J. "Prosodically conditioned morphological change: preservation vs loss in Early English prefixes." English Language and Linguistics 16, no. 3 (October 22, 2012): 427–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674312000184.
Full textAbstract:
This article explores the motivations behind the loss of a number of Germanic prefixes in the history of English. Using Old and Middle English translations of Boethius’ de Consolatione Philosophiae as a corpus, it is shown that prefix loss is not specific to a single word category, nor to the presence of morphosyntactic characteristics such as prefix separability. This state of affairs cannot be explained by current theories of prefix loss, which are generally restricted to inseparable verbal prefixes. The fact that some prefixes are lost and some are preserved, also argues against an across-the-board grammaticalisation account, based mostly on semantic factors. It is held here that a closer look at the prosodic structure of native prefixes can provide a principled explanation for the entirety of our data. To this effect, the optimisation of a resolved moraic trochee (Dresher & Lahiri, 1991) amid significant restructuring of the language's lexicon had crucial impact on the fate of prefixed words. In particular, Early Middle English would have come to prefer maximal, branching feet, and avoid words with prefixes constituting heavy, non-branching feet. Ultimately, the preservation of prosodic structure led to the loss of heavy monosyllabic prefixes due to stress clash between prefix and root. Light monosyllabic and bisyllabic prefixes, in contrast, were preserved, since no clash occurred. This argument explains the changes in prefixation from a purely prosodic standpoint, hence accounting for the data for both verbal and nominal prefixes, which were heretofore dealt with separately.
35
Rikhardsdottir, Sif. "The Imperial Implications of Medieval Translations: Old Norse and Middle English Versions of Marie de France's Lais." Studies in Philology 105, no. 2 (2008): 144–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sip.2008.0005.
Full text
36
Mann, Nicholas. "A Middle English Translation from Petrarch's Secretum, edited by Edward Wilson." Translation and Literature 28, no. 1 (March 2019): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2019.0372.
Full text
37
Taillefer de Haya, Lidia, and Rosa Munoz-Luna. "Middle English translation: Discursive fields according to social class and gender." Women's Studies International Forum 42 (January 2014): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2013.06.006.
Full text
38
Gretsch, Mechthild. "The Taunton Fragment: a new text from Anglo-Saxon England." Anglo-Saxon England 33 (December 2004): 145–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675104000067.
Full textAbstract:
The Taunton Fragment (now Taunton, Somerset, Somerset County Record Office, DD/SAS C/1193/77) consists of four leaves containing portions of brief expositions or homilies on the pericopes for four successive Sundays after Pentecost. In the Fragment, brief passages in Latin regularly alternate with the Old English translations of these passages. The manuscript to which the four leaves once belonged was written probably at some point around or after the middle of the eleventh century in an unknown (presumably minor) centre in Anglo-Saxon England. Until recently, the existence of the Taunton leaves had escaped the notice of Anglo-Saxonists; the texts which they contain are printed here for the first time. It will be obvious that eight pages, half of which are in Old English prose, add in no negligible way to the corpus of Old English. Through analysis of the texts in the second part of this article, I hope to show that their contribution to our knowledge of various kinds of literary activity in Anglo-Saxon England is significant indeed, and that the linguistic evidence they present has no parallel elsewhere in the corpus of Old English.
39
Burke, Linda. "Alfred Thomas, Reading Women in Late Medieval Europe: Anne of Bohemia and Chaucer’s Female Audience. The New Middle Ages. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, 251 pp." Mediaevistik 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 484–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med012018_484.
Full textAbstract:
Scholarly neglect of the English Queen Anne of Bohemia (1366–1394) has persisted as an island of unchallenged sexism and Anglophone provincialism almost up to the present day. Fortunately, this lacune has been addressed in recent years, especially by Thomas’s own Anne’s Bohemia: Czech Literature and Society, 1310–1420 (1998). His Reading Women is a rich and compelling addition to the author’s earlier work on the pan-European culture of Bohemia, especially as popularized in England by Richard II’s Queen Anne. It aims to provide an essential context for the works of Chaucer by elucidating Anne as educated reader and literary patron, in short, “the ideal embodiment of the European cosmopolitanism he wished to emulate” (10). Supporting this aim, as a tremendous value-added to the chapters of textual analysis, Thomas intercalates English translations of medieval works in Czech—such as the Life of St. Catherine and the satirical Wycliffite Woman—that may be otherwise difficult to access. These are presented as analogues, not necessarily sources, for their English counterparts.
40
Cannon, Christopher. "From Literacy to Literature: Elementary Learning and the Middle English Poet." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 129, no. 3 (May 2014): 349–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2014.129.3.349.
Full textAbstract:
Literary practice may be more deeply shaped by basic literacy training than we have noticed. This is particularly true for English writers of the late fourteenth century, when the constant movement out of Latin into English in schoolrooms both ensured that translation exercises became a method for making vernacular poetry and demonstrated that English had a grammar of its own. As the most basic grammatical concepts and the simplest exercises of literacy training evolved into resources for literary technique, the style of writers such as Chaucer, Langland, and Gower became “grammaticalized.” For this reason, a more detailed understanding of the forms of pedagogy employed in grammar schools can be equivalent to a genealogy of the important elements of a style.
41
Hawthorn, Ainsley. "Middle Eastern Dance and What We Call It." Dance Research 37, no. 1 (May 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/drs.2019.0250.
Full textAbstract:
This article traces the historical background of the term ‘belly dance’, the English-language name for a complex of solo, improvised dance styles of Middle Eastern and North African origin whose movements are based on articulations of the torso. The expression danse du ventre – literally, ‘dance of the belly’ – was initially popularised in France as an alternate title for Orientalist artist Jean-Léon Gérôme's 1863 painting of an Egyptian dancer and ultimately became the standard designation for solo, and especially women's, dances from the Middle East and North Africa. The translation ‘belly dance’ was introduced into English in 1889 in international media coverage of the Rue du Caire exhibit at the Parisian Exposition Universelle. A close examination of the historical sources demonstrates that the evolution of this terminology was influenced by contemporary art, commercial considerations, and popular stereotypes about Eastern societies. The paper concludes with an examination of dancers' attitudes to the various English-language names for the dance in the present day.
42
Bazzi, Samia. "Ideology and Arabic translations of news texts." Translation and Translanguaging in Multilingual Contexts 1, no. 2 (August 20, 2015): 135–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttmc.1.2.01baz.
Full textAbstract:
Drawing on Critical Discourse Analysis, the present paper seeks to identify the ideological factors that may characterize politically motivated news texts and the text strategies that articulate them in an English-Arabic translation context. Two hundred source texts and target texts representing political turmoil and conflict in the Middle East (2011–2014) were examined for contrastive analysis. Data were collected through archival research of Assafir, the leading national newspaper in Lebanon, in addition to international media outlets, such as Reuters, AFP, and the BBC. The descriptive analysis of both source and target texts reveals that the functional organization of clauses and sentences, lexical categorization, and modal expressions in the news language can be seen as representing sectarian discourses, and the exercise of power found in the media in times of political struggle. The ideological factors identified in this study are related to the notions of hegemony, the rhetoric of worthy versus unworthy victims, interpellation of subjects, and group schema.
43
Ivanova, S. A., and Yu V. Abdrashitova. "COMPOUND ADJECTIVES IN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE AND GERMAN-LANGUAGE WRITTEN MASS MEDIA TEXTS: LINGUISTIC AND TRANSLATION ASPECT." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 30, no. 2 (May 7, 2020): 270–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-2-270-281.
Full textAbstract:
Compounds have been investigated in linguistics for quite a long time now (approximately since the middle of the XX century), and there are numerous papers researching different aspects of this linguistic phenomenon today. This fact alone testifies to the complex and ambiguous nature of compounds. This article dwells upon one particular problem in this spectrum: it investigates compound adjectives in English- and German-language media texts and their translation into Russian. The first part raises basic theoretical problems related to compounds: the choice of terminology, the essence of the concept itself and the criteria used for compounds. The analysis is based on the works by prominent Russian and foreign researches, such as N. V. Arzhantseva, I. V. Arnold, O. Jespersen, E. A. Nida, A. I. Smirnitsky, R. Quirk. The second part systematises functions and stylistic features of compounds based on the previous theoretical research, with nomination, pursuing economy principle and expressing emotions and evaluation among them. It also deals with frequency of realization of the above-mentioned functions in contemporary written media texts. We analysed English- and German-language articles from different online magazines that were translated into Russian by http://inosmi.ru/, described the translations of compound adjectives used, with their stylistic properties. It is noteworthy that no research works on translating compounds with regard to these features has been conducted yet. In this section, we analysed the choice of equivalents, concentrating on the preservation of stylistic and functional properties of the original units, which brought us to conclusions about the problems translators face when working with compounds. It also enabled us to speculate on possible ways of handling these problems.
44
Lu, Wei-lun. "Narrative viewpoint and subjective construal across languages." Cognitive Linguistic Aspects of Information Structure and Flow 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 334–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00060.lu.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The present study explores the viewpointing function of word order inversion and associated stylistic strategies across languages, comparing English-Chinese multiple parallel texts as illustration. In particular, I investigate whether the cognitive strategy of inverting the word order to create a subjective construal is similar in both languages, to what extent, and if the languages differ, what systematic contingency plans there are. To answer the question, I examined selected excerpts with inversion written in English and their multiple translations in Mandarin Chinese, to see how the subjective construals in the English originals are rendered. I find that in addition to inversion, the English samples exhibit a zoom-in effect through use of punctuation, the participial clause, and an ad hoc schema of [some] – [X] with the middle three instantiations sharing an identical phonological schema. The identical phonological schema and the shared narrative viewpoint makes the three instantiations iconic. In comparison, the Chinese renditions employ the presentative construction and a focus particle to approximate the character-based viewpoint, but the zoom-in effect is not present in any of the Chinese versions. Another important difference is the generally longer iconic part in the Chinese versions, due to the productivity of four-character templates at the phonological pole in Mandarin Chinese.
45
Feng, Wang, and Huang Hongxia. "An Application of the "Harmony-Guided Criteria" to the English translation of Song ci: A Case Study of "Immortals at the Magpie Bridge" by Qin Guan." International Linguistics Research 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): p22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ilr.v3n3p22.
Full textAbstract:
Ezra Pound's Cathay set the stage for a translation of free verse and influenced many translators such as Arthur Waley and Kenneth Rexroth. However, before Pound, rhymed Chinese poems were mainly translated into rhymed English poems by Herbert Giles, W. J. B. Fletcher, etc. Is it necessary to challenge the dominant translation poetics of free verse and insist that rhymed Chinese poems are best translated into rhymed English poems? Six English versions of a Song ci poem "Immortals at the Magpie Bridge" on the Chinese Valentine's Day were analyzed in details based on the newly proposed "Harmony-Guided Criteria" for poetry translation, which takes "Harmony" as the translation standard at the macro level, "resemblance in style, sense and poetic realm" at the middle level, and the "eight beauties of poetry translation" at the micro level. It shows that the criteria can be applied to the translation of rhymed Chinese ci poems into rhymed English poems, though with limitations.
46
Coleman, Janet. "The Owl and the Nightingale and Papal Theories of Marriage." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 38, no. 4 (October 1987): 517–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900023630.
Full textAbstract:
In English and American Studies in German, summaries of theses and monographs, a supplement to Anglia, 1983, there is a notice of Hans Sauer's edition of the Middle English poem the Owl and the Nightingale with a German translation. Sauer stresses ‘that no completely satisfactory interpretation of this fascinating poem has been suggested so far. At best, only some of the aspects of O & N are covered by the various allegorical explanations or by reading it as a burlesque-satirical poem - these interpretations by no means explain its significance as a whole.’ The present paper suggests that a knowledge of the papacy's changing attitude t o marriage in the twelfth century, as expressed in the development of canon law, as well as in the deliberations of English provincial synods, goes far to illuminating the scope and purpose of this Middle English satire/burlesque.
47
Poppe, Erich. "Love, sadness and other mental states in the Middle Welsh Owain (and related texts)." Journal of the International Arthurian Society 8, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 38–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jias-2020-0003.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article explores the devices employed by the medieval Welsh narrator of Owain, or Chwedyl Iarlles y Ffynnawn (‘The Story of the Lady of the Well’), to convey emotions and the mental states of his characters to his audiences. Although he generally remains inaudible, he uses, at some crucial points, words and phrases denoting emotions in a narrow sense, such as love, sadness and shame, in order to direct and steer the audiences’ perception and their understanding of the narrative. A comparison with thematically related texts, Chrétien de Troyes’ Yvain, and its Old Norse, Old Swedish and Middle English translations, helps to assess the narrative role of literary emotions in the Welsh text.
48
Kahl, Oliver. "On the Transmission of Indian Medical Texts to the Arabs in the Early Middle Ages." Arabica 66, no. 1-2 (March 11, 2019): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700585-12341508.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The transmission of Indian scientific and, notably, medical texts to the Arabs during the heyday of the Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad (ca 158/775-205/820) is still largely shrouded in myth; its investigation continues to be hampered not only by serious methodological problems but also by a lack of philological groundwork and a shortage of trained researchers. This article, which in essence is meant to serve as a rough guide into one prospective field of “Indo-Arabic” studies, focuses on a badly neglected though highly promising cluster of texts, namely those that relate to the translation and adaptation of certain Ayurvedic key works from Sanskrit into Arabic. A general assessment of the current state of research, of the factors that condition our knowledge and of the obstacles and limitations posed by the very nature of the subject, is followed by a bio-bibliographical survey of Ayurvedic texts which were subject to transmission; the article is rounded off by six Sanskrit-into-Arabic text samples, with English translations for both.
49
Adra, Najwa. "Decolonizing Tribal “Genealogies” in the Middle East and North Africa." International Journal of Middle East Studies 53, no. 3 (August 2021): 492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743821000805.
Full textAbstract:
The continued use of the term “tribe” to describe groups with segmentary organization in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has long been recognized as problematic, albeit without viable alternative English translations of the local terms: qabīla, ‘ashīra, sha‘b, ‘ilt, and others. Yet the equally problematic but enduring uncritical acceptance of genealogical classification of MENA's tribes leads to fundamental misunderstandings of the basic principles of tribal organization as well as the multiple roles of kinship in the region. This propensity is not only misleading but is loaded with social evolutionary assumptions about presumed “stages of development” that hinder scholarship on tribes and have a negative impact on international policy toward countries like Yemen with significant self-identified tribal populations. Key to this essay is the wide diversity and flexibility in the terminology applied to tribal segments and in the sizes of segments.
50
Classen, Albrecht. "The Nibelungenlied with the Klage, ed. and trans. with an intro. by William Whobrey. Indianapolis, IN, and Cambridge: Hackett, 2018, xxv, 282 pp." Mediaevistik 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med012018_417.
Full textAbstract:
One of the indicators for the global importance of the anonymous Nibelungenlied certainly proves to be the great interest to develop new translations into modern languages, here English. William Whobrey, who used to teach at Yale University, endeavors to render this major epic poem, along with the sequel, the Klage, once again into an updated English version. He is fully aware of the many previous efforts and acknowledges them, but he insists that his translation deserves particular attention especially for three reasons. First, he worked hard to offer a maximum level of clarity particularly for the modern student reader, without moving too far away from the original Middle High German. Overall, Whobrey has achieved that goal, as numerous spot checks have confirmed. One can always quibble somewhat, so when he renders, for instance, “der Nibelungen nôt” in the very last line as “the downfall of the Nibelungen” (199). Moreover, there are many small issues that make me wonder, so when in stanza 208 it clearly says that “the warrior Hagen spoke,” which here is rendered as “commanded Hagen” (168). Hagen emphasizes that he and his companions (pl.) will keep watch, which Whobrey makes into the singular “My companion and I.” This could make sense, but it should have been annotated.