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Feruzi, Sadiki Moshi, and Japhari Salum. "An overview of Historical Development of Swahili Translation in Tanzania." Premise: Journal of English Education 11, no. 1 (March 3, 2022): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/pj.v11i1.4498.
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This paper aims at giving an overview of the historical development of Swahili translation in Tanzania. Currently, the available books and other publications have a little information on the history of Swahili translation. The data of this study was drawn through documentary review where books related to translation in Tanzania, dissertations and journal articles mostly published by reputable journals and indexed with world top data bases were thoroughly analysed. The findings demonstrate that before and during colonial period translation works were practiced informally and focused on serving one-time communication purpose. During post-colonial period translations by many writers occupied a large portion in the Tanzanian literary polysystem and in the 21st century translations have focused on economic, political and social cultural development of the country. The current trend in publications show that Swahili translation has increased and many scholars are attracted in the field. The study recommends further studies to be carried out in thematic focus of Swahili translations in pre-colonialism, during colonialism and post-colonialism as well.
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Standing, Sue. "Translations from Colonial Swahili." Iowa Review 24, no. 1 (January 1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.4670.
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Alio Mohamed, Mohamed Sheikh. "Theological Trends Among Modern Swahili Quranic Translations." AL-HIKMAH: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC STUDIES AND HUMAN SCIENCES 2, no. 4 (October 10, 2019): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46722/hikmah.v2i4.32.
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ظهرت أول ترجمة سواحلية مطبوعة للقرآن الكريم في شرق إفريقيا سنة 3291م على يدقُ ّس إنجليزي يدعى غودفري ديل ( )Godfrey Daleكان تابعاً لإرسالية الجامعات إلى)، ثم تبعتها ترجمةUniversities’ Mission to Central Africa( وسط إفريقياقاديانية على يد مبارك أحمدي عام 3291م. وفي عام 3292م ظهرت ترجمة أول ترجمةُسنِّّيَّة كاملة على يد قاضي زنجبار ثم مفتي جمهورية كينيا ( )Chief Kadhiلاحقاً(3213-3291م) الشيخ عبد الله صالح الفارسي التي جاءت كر ٍّدّ َعقَدي على الترجمةالقاديانية. ثم تتابعت الترجمات السواحلية للقرآن الكريم بعد ذلك حيث ظهرت ترجماتُسنِّّيَّة، وشيعية، وإباضية أخرى. ومع وجود عدة دراسات حول هذه التراجم المذكورة غير الكلمات المفتاحية: شرق إفريقيا، القرآن، السَّواحلية، الترجمة، الاتجاهات العقدية. The first printed translation of The Holy Quran into Kiswahili in East Africa was authored by English Anglican Rev. Godfrey Dale, who was belong to Universities’ Mission to Central Africa (UMCA), England, and published in 1923. This was followed by a Qadiani translation by Mubarak Ahmadi in 1953. In 1969, the first Sunni complete translation was issued by the Kadhi of Zanzibar; the then Chief Kadhi of Kenya (1968-1981), Abdullah Saleh Al-Farsi, which came as response to the Qadiani translation. Afterward, several Sunni, Shia and Ibadi translations appeared. Despite these translations were studied in several studies, but none has classified them according to their theological affiliations. This research surveys the theological trends among modern Quranic Swahili translations in five folds that include Sunni, Shia, Ibadi, Qadiani and Christian missionary trends. The findings of the study attest that various theological approaches were applied in Swahili modern Quranic translations to convey different theological views. Key Words: East Africa, Quran, Kiswahili, Translation, Thelogical Trends.
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Talento, Serena. "On Pluralism and Relevance in World Literary Transfers: Some Reflections on the Mapping of Contemporary Swahili Literary Extranslations into Italian, English, and German." Comparative Literature Studies 59, no. 4 (November 2022): 727–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/complitstudies.59.4.0727.
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ABSTRACT While there is increasing interest in translation into Swahili, literary translation from this language into other ones has not yet received sufficient scholarly attention. This article outlines a current research project that aims at mapping contemporary literary translations (from the 1970s onward) from Swahili into Italian, German, and English, exploring the role of the network of agents of translation in the exportation of Swahili literature—a literary exchange subject to the logic of (not solely) cultural power—and the influence of market constraints on different kinds of translation practices. What can we learn about the logic of cultural exportation in the global literary space by studying these Swahili extranslation fluxes? Answering this demonstrates how international discussions on transnational literary exchanges also require us to evaluate their asymmetric conceptualizations and terminology.
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van de Bruinhorst, Gerard C. "Changing Criticism of Swahili Qur'an Translations: The Three ‘Rods of Moses’." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 15, no. 3 (October 2013): 206–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2013.0118.
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This article examines three Swahili books with the same title Fimbo ya Musa (‘The Rod of Moses’), published between 1970 and 2010, each of which critically investigates Qur'an translations and vernacular religious texts in Swahili. The first Fimbo was written by the Kenyan Ahmad Ahmad Badawy and criticises one of the earliest Swahili Qur'an translations, by Abdullah Saleh al-Farsy. In the second, Nurudin Hussein Shadhuly, head of the Shadhuly/Yashrutiyya Ṣūfī branch in Tanzania examines and condemns the translation efforts by Saidi Musa, a student of al-Farsy. The final Fimbo is a treatise by the Ibāḍī scholar Juma al-Mazrui from Oman and digitally distributed in 2010 which deals with the doctrine of God's visibility in the hereafter and is an answer to the Salafiyya Tanzanian Kassim Mafuta's 2008 work on this topic. The example of these three polemics over the last four decades shows the shifting concerns in the reaction to the translated Qur'an in Swahili. The act of translation from Arabic to the vernacular is no longer attacked, but rather the theological implications of a deficient translation are at the heart of the more recent discussions. While authoritative knowledge is still associated with a high command of Arabic, affiliation to a particular school of law or intellectual genealogy is not. Religious learning is no longer primarily transmitted through well-established links of personal authorities, but can increasingly be derived from private study and reading. As a direct result of this opening up of a wide field of knowledge for a non-Arabic reading audience, the potential numbers of discussants increases: each new Swahili Qur'an translation reveals more of the enigmatic character of the Qur'an and fuels new debates.
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Carpenter, Shana K., and Jason Geller. "Is a picture really worth a thousand words? Evaluating contributions of fluency and analytic processing in metacognitive judgements for pictures in foreign language vocabulary learning." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 73, no. 2 (October 10, 2019): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021819879416.
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Previous research shows that participants are overconfident in their ability to learn foreign language vocabulary from pictures compared with English translations. The current study explored whether this tendency is due to processing fluency or beliefs about learning. Using self-paced study of Swahili words paired with either picture cues or English translation cues, picture cues garnered higher confidence judgements but not faster study times, and this was true whether judgements of learning were made after a delay (Experiment 1) or immediately (Experiment 2). In Experiment 3, when participants learned Swahili words with only one type of cue (pictures or English translations) and then estimated which one would be more effective for learning, the majority of participants believed pictures would be more effective regardless of whether they had experienced those cues during learning. Experiment 4 showed the same results when participants had experienced neither type of cue during a learning phase. These results suggest that metacognitive judgements in foreign language vocabulary learning are driven more by students’ beliefs about learning than by processing fluency as reflected in self-paced study times.
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Rettová, Alena. "The Genres of Swahili Philosophy." Philosophy & Rhetoric 56, no. 1 (April 2023): 8–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/philrhet.56.1.0008.
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ABSTRACT This article maintains that African philosophy should consider those discourses that function as channels of important ideas in African cultures, without prejudice against their language and, especially, their genre. What are such philosophical discourses? This article starts from a case study, Swahili culture, and interrogates the communicative resources available to it to serve as vehicles of philosophical thought. The survey includes language itself, proverbs, musical performance (sung lyrics), metric and free-verse poetry, novelistic prose, theoretical writings, and translations. Based on this spectrum of genres, the article ventures some general observations about the relationship of African philosophy to language and genre.
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Chande, Abdin. "Shaykh Ali Hemed al-Buhriy’s Mrima Swahili Translation of the Qur’ān and its Place in Islamic Scholarship in East Africa." Australian Journal of Islamic Studies 6, no. 4 (December 7, 2021): 111–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v6i4.417.
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Dutch scholar Ridder Samsom has noted that few of the writings of religious scholars among the Swahili speaking peoples of coastal East Africa have survived destruction caused by natural and human factors. Other factors that have complicated matters include the political developments and uncertainties of the colonial period (late 19th century to roughly 1960) that led to the abandonment of the use of the Arabic script, not to mention ongoing weak conservation practices. Nevertheless, the recent identification of a Swahili manuscript of the Qur’ān in Arabic script by Shaykh Ali Hemed al-Buhriy (1889-1957), undoubtedly the foremost Islamic religious scholar of mainland Tanzania during the colonial period, represents an important contribution to the still-growing Islamic scholarship in East Africa. The manuscript (in Mrima, the Swahili dialect spoken on the northern coast of mainland Tanzania) ranks alongside Swahili translations of the Qur’ān by other leading Islamic scholars of East Africa such as Shaykh al-Amin Mazrui of Mombasa, a colleague and personal friend of the Shaykh. It was handwritten by Shaykh al-Buhriy in the 1950s during the terminal phase of the colonial era. The Shaykh had served as the qadhi (Muslim judge) of Tanga (1921-1935), although his position approximated that of the chief qadhi of Tanganyika, a post that, unlike the case of Kenya, had never been created.
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van de Bruinhorst, Gerard C. "‘I Didn't Want to Write This’: The Social Embeddedness of Translating Moonsighting Verses of the Qur'an into Swahili." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 17, no. 3 (October 2015): 38–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2015.0211.
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As a result of increasing globalisation the public sphere has expanded over the recent decades. Consequently Qur'an translations increasingly exhibit a highly pluralised concept of religious authority, demonstrating an eclectic use of sources as authors respond simultaneously to local and global discourses. This paper shows how the commentary in a popularising Swahili tafsīr by the preacher Said Moosa al-Kindy on two particular Qur'an verses, Q. 2:185 and Q. 2:189, cannot be understood as the outcome of theological and linguistic considerations only, but rather as a multi-epistemic, socially embedded product. Q. 2:185 and Q. 2:189 are often used to endorse particular viewpoints in East African moon sighting debates. This discourse revolves about the question of whether to accept a crescent sighting report from anywhere in the world to determine the beginning of the lunar month or to wait for a visible moon from a more restricted locality. This paper situates al-Kindy's translation within the wider field of Swahili Qur'an commentaries and compares his treatment of these verses to that in two scholarly products from outside the established genre of tafsīr. One is the polemical discourse on this subject by an Ibadi intellectual writing in Swahili and the second is the lunar calendar and website produced by a Tanzanian book trader. In all three of these works Qur'anic authority is paramount, but if we want to understand the diverse mediations of the Qur'anic message in a specific milieu we should not only look at the influence of exegetical traditions but also focus on social actors and their very personal, localised experiences.
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Mehdizadkhani, Milad, and Luyu Chen. "Chinese audiovisual translation." FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 21, no. 1 (July 6, 2023): 96–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.00028.meh.
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Abstract The increasing use of multilingualism in audiovisual products, especially feature films, has attracted attention from audiovisual translation (AVT) scholars; however, such research is missing in the Chinese AVT context. This paper strived to fill this niche by exploring the common methods of the rendition of a third language (L3) in Chinese dubbing, subtitling, and fansubbing. The corpus of the study comprised six English-speaking feature films alongside their fan and professional-created Chinese subtitles and dubs available online, and its contents was mainly selected based on two criteria: (i) the L3s used, for example, French, Indian, Swahili, Xhosa, and Russian, and (ii) the availability of fan and pro-produced Chinese subtitles and dubs. For dubbing, the analysis of the corpus revealed that the Chinese professional dubbing team marked the L3s in a few cases but applied translational patterns inconsistently. the comparison of the pro- and fansubs demonstrated that both did not mark the L3s in their translations and that professional subtitlers performed better than the fansubbers in the rendition of multilingualism in terms of graphic codes and the original films’ storytelling.
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Ruhumbika, Gabriel. "The Role of Translations in the Development of Swahili Language and Literature." Matatu 46, no. 1 (2015): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004298071_015.
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Kwobah, Edith Kamaru, Suzanne Goodrich, Jayne Lewis Kulzer, Michael Kanyesigye, Sarah Obatsa, Julius Cheruiyot, Lorna Kiprono, et al. "Adaptation of the Client Diagnostic Questionnaire for East Africa." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 3 (March 19, 2024): e0001756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001756.
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Research increasingly involves cross-cultural work with non-English-speaking populations, necessitating translation and cultural validation of research tools. This paper describes the process of translating and criterion validation of the Client Diagnostic Questionnaire (CDQ) for use in a multisite study in Kenya and Uganda. The English CDQ was translated into Swahili, Dholuo (Kenya) and Runyankole/Rukiga (Uganda) by expert translators. The translated documents underwent face validation by a bilingual committee, who resolved unclear statements, agreed on final translations and reviewed back translations to English. A diagnostic interview by a mental health specialist was used for criterion validation, and Kappa statistics assessed the strength of agreement between non-specialist scores and mental health professionals’ diagnoses. Achieving semantic equivalence between translations was a challenge. Validation analysis was done with 30 participants at each site (median age 32.3 years (IQR = (26.5, 36.3)); 58 (64.4%) female). The sensitivity was 86.7%, specificity 64.4%, positive predictive value 70.9% and negative predictive value 82.9%. Diagnostic accuracy by the non-specialist was 75.6%. Agreement was substantial for major depressive episode and positive alcohol (past 6 months) and alcohol abuse (past 30 days). Agreement was moderate for other depressive disorders, panic disorder and psychosis screen; fair for generalized anxiety, drug abuse (past 6 months) and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD); and poor for drug abuse (past 30 days). Variability of agreement between sites was seen for drug use (past 6 months) and PTSD. Our study successfully adapted the CDQ for use among people living with HIV in East Africa. We established that trained non-specialists can use the CDQ to screen for common mental health and substance use disorders with reasonable accuracy. Its use has the potential to increase case identification, improve linkage to mental healthcare, and improve outcomes. We recommend further studies to establish the psychometric properties of the translated tool.
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Tsvetkov, Yulia, and Chris Dyer. "Cross-Lingual Bridges with Models of Lexical Borrowing." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 55 (January 13, 2016): 63–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.4786.
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Linguistic borrowing is the phenomenon of transferring linguistic constructions (lexical, phonological, morphological, and syntactic) from a donor language to a recipient language as a result of contacts between communities speaking different languages. Borrowed words are found in all languages, andin contrast to cognate relationshipsborrowing relationships may exist across unrelated languages (for example, about 40% of Swahilis vocabulary is borrowed from the unrelated language Arabic). In this work, we develop a model of morpho-phonological transformations across languages. Its features are based on universal constraints from Optimality Theory (OT), and we show that compared to several standardbut linguistically more naïvebaselines, our OT-inspired model obtains good performance at predicting donor forms from borrowed forms with only a few dozen training examples, making this a cost-effective strategy for sharing lexical information across languages. We demonstrate applications of the lexical borrowing model in machine translation, using resource-rich donor language to obtain translations of out-of-vocabulary loanwords in a lower resource language. Our framework obtains substantial improvements (up to 1.6 BLEU) over standard baselines.
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Shen, John. "New Thoughts on the Use of Chinese Documents in the Reconstruction of Early Swahili History." History in Africa 22 (January 1995): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171921.
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For a long time, scholars have known that the ancient Sino-East Africantrade relationship produced valuable accounts of East Africa in the Chinese imperial archives. Particularly, the historical documents compiled during the T'ang, Sung, and Ming dynasties contain several insightful snapshots of East Africa over the span of 800 years. Unfortunately, due to the difficulty of translating ancient Chinese texts, scholars have not been able to utilize these documents fully. In other cases, scholars have misused the translations to derive conclusions that may not be supported by the original text. In this essay I propose to re-examine the original Chinese sources and the way these sources have been used by subsequent scholars. Furthermore, I shall explore the real or potential contribution of these texts to our understanding of East African coastal history.The primary source of Chinese knowledge about East Africa during the T'ang dynasty (618-907) comes from Ching–hsing Chi (“Record of Travels”) and Yu–yang Tsa–tsu (“Assorted Dishes from Yu–yang”). During the Sung dynasty (960-1279), most of the information is recorded in Chu-fan-chih (“Gazetteer of Foreigners”) and Ling–wai Tai–ta (“Information from Beyond the Mountains”). Finally, the record of the Ming (1368-1644) naval expedition into the western Indian Ocean is preserved in Wu–pei–chih (“Notes on Military Preparedness”), Hsing–ch'a Sheng–lan (“Triumphant Vision of the Starry Raft”), and Ming Shih (“History of the Ming Dynasty”).
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Afolabi, Muhammed Olanrewaju, Stuart Rennie, Denise Dion Hallfors, Tracy Kline, Susannah Zeitz, Frederick S. Odongo, Nyaguara O. Amek, and Winnie K. Luseno. "An adapted instrument to assess informed consent comprehension among youth and parents in rural western Kenya: a validation study." BMJ Open 8, no. 7 (July 2018): e021613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021613.
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ObjectiveTo adapt and validate a questionnaire originally developed in a research setting for assessment of comprehension of consent information in a different cultural and linguistic research setting.DesignThe adaptation process involved development and customisation of a questionnaire for each of the three study groups, modelled closely on the previously validated questionnaire. The three adapted draft questionnaires were further reviewed by two bioethicists and the developer of the original questionnaire for face and content validity. The revised questionnaire was subsequently programmed into an audio computerised format, with translations and back translations in three widely spoken languages by the study participants: Luo, Swahili and English.SettingThe questionnaire was validated among adolescents, their parents and young adults living in Siaya County, a rural region of western Kenya.ParticipantsTwenty-five-item adapted questionnaires consisting of close-ended, multiple-choice and open-ended questions were administered to 235 participants consisting of 107 adolescents, 92 parents and 36 young adults. Test-retest was conducted 2–4 weeks after first questionnaire administration among 74 adolescents, young adults and parents.Outcome measurePrimary outcome measures included ceiling/floor analysis to identify questions with extremes in responses and item-level correlation to determine the test-retest relationships. Given the data format, tetrachoric correlations were conducted for dichotomous items and polychoric correlations for ordinal items. The qualitative validation assessment included face and content validity evaluation of the adapted instrument by technical experts.ResultsCeiling/floor analysis showed eight question items for which >80% of one or more groups responded correctly, while for nine questions, including all seven open-ended questions,<20% responded correctly. Majority of the question items had moderate to strong test-retest correlation estimates indicating temporal stability.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that cross-cultural adaptation and validation of an informed consent comprehension questionnaire is feasible. However, further research is needed to develop a tool which can estimate a quantifiable threshold of comprehension thereby serving as an objective indicator of the need for interventions to improve comprehension.
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Wright, Jonathan, Juergen Messner, Sarah McMahon, Louise Johnson, Patrick Foster, James Fernandes, Harpreet Chhina, Anne Klassen, and Anthony Cooper. "INTERNATIONAL FIELD TEST OF LIMB-Q KIDS: AN INTERNATIONALLY APPLICABLE PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME MEASURE FOR LOWER LIMB DIFFERENCES." Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_10 (June 1, 2023): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.10.016.
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IntroductionLIMB-Q Kids is a new patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) for children with Lower limb differences (LLDs). The objective is to conduct an international field test study.Materials & MethodsA mixed method multiphase approach was used to develop LIMB-Q Kids. In phase one, a systematic review was conducted to identify concepts from existing PROMs used in research with children with LLDs. A preliminary conceptual framework derived from the systematic review informed an international qualitative study. The data from qualitative interviews were used to form the LIMB-Q Kids, which was further refined through multiple rounds of cognitive debriefing interviews with children. Input was obtained from parents and healthcare professionals from Australia, Canada, Ethiopia, India, UK, and the USA. LIMB-Q Kids was translated and culturally adapted into multiple languages.ResultsThe final field-test version consists of 11 scales (159 items) that measure appearance, physical function, symptoms (hip, knee, ankle, foot, and leg), leg-related distress, and school, social and psychological function. This version was rigorously translated into Danish and German. Translations that are in progress include Arabic, Finnish, Hindi, Swahili, Portuguese, Spanish, and Luganda. An international field-test study is underway in nine countries (15 sites with a target recruitment of 150 participants per country). At the time of abstract submission, 190 patients from seven sites have completed LIMB-Q Kids. The UK collaborative has worked on language adaption for the UK and is currently validating the score across five paediatric limb reconstruction units.ConclusionsNo internationally applicable PROM exists for children with LLDs. We present the current progress in developing and validating such a score. Data from the international field-test study will be used to reduce items and perform psychometric testing of LIMB-Q Kids. The rigorous translation and cultural adaption process will provide versions of LIMB-Q Kids in different languages. Once completed, the LIMB-Q Kids will provide a common metric for outcome assessment for children with lower limb differences internationally.
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Ondara Orang’i, Douglas. "Substitution and Ellipsis in the Translation of English-Swahili Healthcare Texts." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 12, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.12n.3.p.39.
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Even though substitution and ellipsis contribute to text cohesiveness just like any other cohesive device, the two grammatical cohesive devices are largely understudied. Focusing on the interplay between translation and cohesion, this study delves into the translation of substitution and ellipsis in Swahili healthcare texts. This study, theoretically anchored on Descriptive Translation Studies, set out to unravel the use of substitution and ellipsis and establish if there is any variation in the use of the two grammatical cohesive devices in the translated Swahili healthcare texts. The data used in the study is extracted from Orang’i (2020) doctoral study. Substitution and ellipsis are the basis for the manual comparison of the coupled pairs from the sample texts. The study has established that ellipsis and substitution are used sparingly in the texts. Though the use of substitution is limited, it emerged that clausal and nominal substitutions were prevalent. Equally, the use of ellipsis is almost non-existent in the Swahili healthcare texts though present in the source texts. The foregoing points to an endeavour by translators to make explicit that which is implicit in the source text and this led to the conclusion that explicitation is a norm in the translation of Swahili healthcare texts. The two cohesive devices are largely about one’s choice and can, to some extent, be avoided or minimally used. Overall, it was implied that substitution and ellipsis are not preferred cohesive devices in Swahili healthcare texts.
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Devji, Faisal Fatehali. "Subject to translation: Shakespeare, Swahili, Socialism." Postcolonial Studies 3, no. 2 (July 2000): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13688790050115303.
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Orang’i, Douglas Ondara. "Referential Cohesion in the Translation of English-swahili Healthcare Texts." International Journal of Comparative Literature and Translation Studies 10, no. 3 (August 20, 2022): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijclts.v.10n.3p.24.
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Referential cohesion in African languages is a largely neglected area of study. Given the foregoing, this study, theoretically anchored on Descriptive Translation Studies and Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) seminal model, explores referential cohesion in the translation of English-Swahili healthcare texts with an endeavour to describe its use and establish if there is variation when texts are translated. Cohesion in translation is fundamental since it is the basis of a network of relations that allows readers to interpret a text. The results show that personals and demonstratives are the most widely used references in both the source and target texts. Further, anaphoric reference is the most prevalent. In addition, it emerged that the translated Swahili text uses more reference items than their English counterparts. This is partly due to explicitation and the nature of the Swahili verb. This study brings to the fore the role of translators in making texts cohesive notwithstanding the reference items used in the source texts.
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Schroeder, Kristin, Kashinje Mayolwa, Suhana Posani, Norbert Mtenga, Hong Pham, Zakia Meck, Hillary Sued, Francis Karia, and Erica Sanga. "Abstract 75: Swahili Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Cancer Stigma Scale (CASS) for Use in the Non-Patient Population in Tanzania." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 32, no. 6_Supplement (June 1, 2023): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.asgcr23-abstract-75.
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Abstract Purpose: The Cataldo Cancer Stigma Scale (CASS) was developed to measure patient experienced stigma, and further modified for use in non-patient communities. The aim of this study was to adapt a Swahili language version of the CASS for use in the Tanzanian non-patient community, to identify the current level of stigma towards children with cancerand create a measure to monitor changes in perceptions following future community based interventions. Methods: An expert group of medical providers, community advisors and social scientists reviewed the 26 original statements in the CASS survey to determine relevancy in the Tanzanian context or Swahili language. A team of six native Swahili speakers was used to translate, back translate, reconcile, and adjudicate differences during the translation process. The final forward translation had in independent review by three bilingual translation experts to select the most appropriate translation for each item. The translated items were further refined using concurrent cognitive interviewing. Each round of interviews included five non-patient community members in the Mwanza region of Tanzania, and continued until >80% concordance reached. Results: Three rounds of revisions were completed with 15 respondents in total. A total of 62% of questions (22/36) were fully comprehended after the initial evaluation. Additional reviews included grammar and specific Swahili word selection changes to clarify the item’s meaning. After three rounds of interviews, all questions obtained at least 80% comprehension with no further revisions required. The final survey included 23 core questions and 10 alternate questions to target community beliefs identified during qualitative interviews. These included personal responsibility items evaluating the perception that cancer is caused by witchcraft and that cancer in children is a form of ancestral punishment. Conclusions: A Swahili adapted CASS for use in the non-patient community had good comprehension among rural and urban members of the Mwanza community. The survey will require additional quantitative validation to determine both the structural validity and reliability of the constructs. This adapted tool will allow for a meaningful intervention response evaluation that can be used in cancer stigma research throughout East Africa. Citation Format: Kristin Schroeder, Kashinje Mayolwa, Suhana Posani, Norbert Mtenga, Hong Pham, Zakia Meck, Hillary Sued, Francis Karia, Erica Sanga. Swahili Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Cancer Stigma Scale (CASS) for Use in the Non-Patient Population in Tanzania [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 75.
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Imamu, Juma D. "Analysis on the Semantics, Syntax, Equivalence, Fluency and Authenticity of Seif Salum�s Poem Entitled �Ewe Bibi Mwenye Enzi� Translated into English as �This Love�." Indonesian Journal of English Language Studies (IJELS) 3, no. 2 (April 17, 2018): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/ijels.v3i2.1068.
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This paper analyses the semantics, syntax, equivalence, fluency and authenticity of the translation of a Swahili poem entitled Ewe Bibi Mwenye Enzi by Seif Salum which was translated into English by the poetry translation workshop from the site http://www.poetrytranslation.org/poems/in/swahili/P12 as This Love. The introductory part discusses and pays recognition to the concept of untranslatability of the poetry where writers, such as Adam Czerniawski, Hatim Basil and Munday Jeremy, second the idea that poetry is untranslatable since poetry is a reflection of a particular society. Poetry also uses language but language is the reflection of peoples definition of their immediate environment, hence in that sense poetry is untranslatable since different societies have different views of their environments and the world. However, due to the increased curiosity which is partly a result of globalization of the world, people want to have diverse knowledge of everything. This makes it necessary to translate poetry anyway. In this case, poems, such as this one, have also been translated. Therefore, this paper tries to make analysis on how the change of language from Swahili to English have affected the semantics, syntax, equivalence, fluency and authenticity of the style and message of the poem.Keywords: translatability, poetry, style, message, authenticity
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Shatokhina, Viсtoriya Sergeevna. "On the history of studying proverbs in the Swahili language." Litera, no. 5 (May 2021): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.5.32946.
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The subject of this research is the African paremiology. The object is the history of studying proverbs in the Swahili language. The author examines the chronology of studying this field of linguistics by Western European and African scholars, cites their major works, and describes the peculiarities of their scientific views. Special attention is given to the works of the founders of African paremiology, as well as the perspective of modern scholars of Tanzania and Kenya upon the scientific heritage of proverbs and sayings of the Swahili language. The article employs the theoretical research methods, namely the comparison of theoretical works in the Swahili and English languages. The analysis of a wide range of works in the Swahili language alongside the works of certain European authors, allows reconstructing the chronology of the process of studying Swahili paroemias, as well as highlighting most prominent African and European scholars in this field of linguistics. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that this topic is viewed in the domestic African Studies for the first time; foreign linguists also did not pay deliberate attention to this question. The author’s special contribution consists in translation of the previously inaccessible materials of the African and Western European into the Russian language, which helps the linguists-Africanists in their further research.
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Kresse, Kai. "KENYA: TWENDAPI?: RE-READING ABDILATIF ABDALLA'S PAMPHLET FIFTY YEARS AFTER INDEPENDENCE." Africa 86, no. 1 (January 15, 2016): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972015000996.
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ABSTRACTThe pamphletKenya: Twendapi?(Kenya: Where are we heading?) is a text often referred to but rarely read or analysed. Abdilatif Abdalla wrote it as a twenty-two-year-old political activist of the KPU opposition as a critique of the dictatorial tendencies of Jomo Kenyatta and his KANU government in 1968, and consequently suffered three years of isolation in prison. Many (at least on the East African political and literary scene) know aboutKenya: Twendapi?but few seem to have read it – indeed, it seems almost unavailable to read. This contribution toAfrica's Local Intellectuals series provides a summary reconstruction of its main points and arguments, and a contextual discussion of the text. This is combined with the first published English translation (overseen by Abdalla himself) and a reprint of the original Swahili text, an important but almost inaccessible document. The article proceeds with a perspective first on the political context in Kenya at the time – an early turning point in postcolonial politics – and second on the work and life of its author, Abdilatif Abdalla who had been trained as a Swahili poet by elder family members who were poets. As most students of Swahili literature know, Abdalla's collection of poetrySauti ya Dhiki(1973) originated in the prison cell but they know little about the pamphletKenya: Twendapi?, nor the circumstances of its authorship. Part of my wider point for discussion is that Abdalla, as an engaged poet and political activist, can be usefully understood as a local intellectual who transcended the local from early on – topically and through global references and comparisons, but also through his experience in prison and exile. Concerns about Kenyan politics and Swahili literature have remained central to his life. This reflects Abdalla's continued and overarching connectedness to the Swahili-speaking region. Abdalla wrote in Swahili and was deeply familar with local Swahili genres and discursive conventions, language and verbal specifications (of critique, of emotions, of reflections) that use the whole range and depth of Kimvita, the Mombasan dialect of Kiswahili, as a reservoir of expression.
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Namukwaya, Harriett. "Beyond Translating French into English: Experiences of a Non-Native Translator." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 5, no. 1-2 (March 23, 2014): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t9r906.
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This paper documents a non-native translator’s experience in an academic setting, focusing on the challenges of translating different kinds of texts from French into English at the Institute of Languages, Makerere University. Makerere Institute of Languages (MIL) is composed of four clusters: Foreign Languages, African Languages, Communication Skills and Secretarial Studies, Service Courses and Soft Skills (Wagaba 97). The services offered include teaching language skills and culture to university students and the general public; communication skills to people who want to improve in English, French, German, Arabic, Swahili and local languages; and translation and interpretation in the languages mentioned above. These services are offered at this institute because there is no other well-recognised institution in Uganda that engages in translation or interpretation, yet there is always a big demand for them. The emphasis in this study is on teachers of French who also render translation services to a wide range of clients at the Institute of Languages. The main focus is on the experiences and opinions of non-native translators. The aim is to highlight the challenges a non-native translator encounters in the process of translating different categories of documents from French into English for purposes of validation of francophone students’ academic documents and their placement in Uganda universities, verification of academic qualification of teachers from francophone countries who come to Uganda in search of teaching jobs, and mutual understanding at international conferences held in Uganda whose delegates come from francophone countries. Selected texts will be critically examined to illustrate the specific challenges a non-native speaker encounters while translating from and into a language or languages which are not his/her first language or mother tongue. The paper deals with the following questions: What does the process of translating involve? What are the challenges encountered? Does every fluent French language teacher qualify to be a competent translator? What factors determine ‘competence’ in translation? What are the limitations faced in an academic setting? The discussion is based on the premise that competence in translation requires linguistic and intercultural competence, among other competencies. The outcome contributes to the understanding that translation in any setting is ultimately a human activity, which enables human beings to exchange information and enhance knowledge transfer regardless of cultural and linguistic differences.
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Renju, Peter. "Mwalimu Nyerere Engages His People: Scripture Translation in Swahili Verse." Journal of Translation 3, no. 1 (2007): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54395/jot-28r5t.
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Julius Nyerere, the former president of Tanzania, was renowned for his political leadership. He was also an accomplished and dedicated poet, teacher, and translator. Having translated Shakespeare into his beloved Swahili language before becoming president, he took up Bible translation in his retirement. His goal was not simply to communicate his message faithfully and clearly, as any Bible translator should do, but also to engage his audience in a direct and personal way. Instead of the usual prose of the Gospels and Acts, he adopted the ancient but still popular poetic form of the tenzi as the most effective means of conveying his message. He used vocabulary that was familiar to his audience from the Arabic Islamic culture in which they live and political terminology that they associated with him while he was their national leader. Through the creative use of poetry, the poet-teacher-translator sought to engage his readers and listeners and impress upon them the relevance of the Message of Good News for their lives today.
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Cadwell, Patrick, Sharon O’Brien, and Eric DeLuca. "More than tweets." Translation Spaces 8, no. 2 (November 5, 2019): 300–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.19018.cad.
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Abstract The application of machine translation (MT) in crisis settings is of increasing interest to humanitarian practitioners. We collaborated with industry and non-profit partners: (1) to develop and test the utility of an MT system trained specifically on crisis-related content in an under-resourced language combination (French-to-Swahili); and (2) to evaluate the extent to which speakers of both French and Swahili without post-editing experience could be mobilized to post-edit the output of this system effectively. Our small study carried out in Kenya found that our system performed well, provided useful output, and was positively evaluated by inexperienced post-editors. We use the study to discuss the feasibility of MT use in crisis settings for low-resource language combinations and make recommendations on data selection and domain consideration for future crisis-related MT development.
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Orang’i, Douglas Ondara, and Manqoba Victor Ndlovu. "Lexical cohesion in the translation of English-Swahili health care texts." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 39, no. 3 (July 3, 2021): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2021.1942096.
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Arenberg, Meg. "Converting Achebe’s Africa for the New Tanzanian:Things Fall Apartin Swahili Translation." Eastern African Literary and Cultural Studies 2, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2016): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23277408.2016.1274357.
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Staton, Catherine A., Deepti Agnihotri, Ashley J. Phillips, Kennedy Ngowi, Lily Huo, Judith Boshe, Francis Sakita, et al. "Development of culturally-appropriate text message booster content to follow a brief intervention focused on reducing alcohol related harms for injury patients in Moshi, Tanzania." PLOS Global Public Health 4, no. 7 (July 25, 2024): e0002717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002717.
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Alcohol use is a risk factor for death and disability and is attributed to almost one-third of injury deaths globally. This highlights the need for interventions aimed at alcohol reduction, especially in areas with high rates of injury with concurrent alcohol use, such as Tanzania. The aim of this study is to create a culturally appropriate text messages as a booster to a brief negotiational intervention (BNI), to in the Emergency Department of the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania. Creation of text message boosters for an ED-based intervention expands the window of opportunity for alcohol use reduction in this high-risk population. The study followed a two-step approach to create the text message content in English and then translate and culturally adapt to Tanzanian Swahili. The culturalization process followed the World Health Organization’s process of translation and adaptation of instruments. Translation, back translation, and qualitative focus groups were used for quality control to ensure text message content accuracy and cultural appropriateness. In total, nearly 50 text messages were initially developed in English, yet only 29 text messages were successfully translated and adapted; they were focused on the themes of Self-awareness, Goal setting and Motivation. We developed culturally appropriate text message boosters in Swahili for injury patients in Tanzania coupled with a BNI for alcohol use reduction. We found it important to evaluate content validation for interventions and measurement tools because the intended text message can often be lost in translation. The process of culturalization is critical in order to create interventions that are applicable and beneficial to the target population. Trial registration: Clinical Trials Registration Number: NCT02828267, NCT04535011
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Wanjawa, Barack, Lilian Wanzare, Florence Indede, Owen McOnyango, Edward Ombui, and Lawrence Muchemi. "Kencorpus: A Kenyan Language Corpus of Swahili, Dholuo and Luhya for Natural Language Processing Tasks." Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics 36, no. 2 (June 21, 2023): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/jlcl.36.2023.243.
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Indigenous African languages are categorized as under-served in Natural Language Processing. They therefore experience poor digital inclusivity and information access. The processing challenge with such languages has been how to use machine learning and deep learning models without the requisite data. The Kencorpus project intends to bridge this gap by collecting and storing text and speech data that is good enough for data-driven solutions in applications such as machine translation, question answering and transcription in multilingual communities. The Kencorpus dataset is a text and speech corpus for three languages predominantly spoken in Kenya: Swahili, Dholuo and Luhya (three dialects of Lumarachi, Lulogooli and Lubukusu). Data collection was done by researchers who were deployed to the various data collection sources such as communities, schools, media, and publishers. The Kencorpus' dataset has a collection of 5,594 items, being 4,442 texts of 5.6 million words and 1,152 speech files worth 177 hours. Based on this data, other datasets were also developed such as Part of Speech tagging sets for Dholuo and the Luhya dialects of 50,000 and 93,000 words tagged respectively. We developed 7,537 Question-Answer pairs from 1,445 Swahili texts and also created a text translation set of 13,400 sentences from Dholuo and Luhya into Swahili. The datasets are useful for downstream machine learning tasks such as model training and translation. Additionally, we developed two proof of concept systems: for Kiswahili speech-to-text and a machine learning system for Question Answering task. These proofs provided results of a performance of 18.87% word error rate for the former, and 80% Exact Match (EM) for the latter system. These initial results give great promise to the usability of Kencorpus to the machine learning community. Kencorpus is one of few public domain corpora for these three low resource languages and forms a basis of learning and sharing experiences for similar works especially for low resource languages. Challenges in developing the corpus included deficiencies in the data sources, data cleaning challenges, relatively short project timelines and the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic that restricted movement and hence the ability to get the data in a timely manner.
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Mlunde, Linda B., Lisa R. Hirschhorn, Laura Nyblade, Nan E. Rothrock, Erasto V. Mbugi, Judith T. Moskowitz, Sylvia Kaaya, Claudia Hawkins, Germana Leyna, and Jessie K. Mbwambo. "Translation and cultural adaptation of drug use stigma and HIV stigma measures among people who use drugs in Tanzania." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (October 19, 2023): e0292642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292642.
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Introduction People who use drugs (PWUD) experience stigma from multiple sources due to their drug use. HIV seroprevalence for PWUD in Tanzania is estimated to range from 18 to 25%. So, many PWUD will also experience HIV stigma. Both HIV and drug use stigma have negative health and social outcomes, it is therefore important to measure their magnitude and impact. However, no contextually and linguistically adapted measures are available to assess either HIV or drug use stigma among PWUD in Tanzania. In response, we translated and culturally adapted HIV and drug use stigma measures among Tanzanian PWUD and described that process in this study. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. We translated and adapted existing validated stigma measures by following a modified version of Wild’s ten steps for translation and adaptation. We also added new items on stigmatizing actions that were not included in the original measures. Following translation and back translation, we conducted 40 cognitive debriefs among 19 PWUD living with and 21 PWUD not living with HIV in Dar es Salaam to assess comprehension of the original and new items. For challenging items, we made adaptations and repeated cognitive debriefs among ten new PWUD participants where half of them were living with HIV. Results Most of the original items (42/54, 78%), response options and all items with new 12 stigmatizing actions were understood by participants. Challenges included response options for a few items; translation to Swahili; and differences in participants’ interpretation of Swahili words. We made changes to these items and the final versions were understood by PWUD participants. Conclusion Drug use and HIV stigma measures can successfully be translated and culturally adapted among Tanzanian PWUD living with and without HIV. We are currently conducting research to determine the stigma measures’ psychometric properties and we will report the results separately.
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Meier, Prita. "Beyond Multiple Modernities." Nka Journal of Contemporary African Art 2020, no. 46 (May 1, 2020): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10757163-8308234.
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This article explores how an oceanic perspective challenges still pervasive ideas about the constitutive link between place and culture in the study of the arts of Africa. Taking the rich and diverse photographs of nineteenth-century coastal eastern Africa as a springboard, the author considers how portrait photography was not an expression of a local modernity, in the way the concept is narrated in established studies of the cultural dimensions of globalization, but was an expression of the in-between. This can be described as a form of cosmopolitanism or creolization, depending on one’s interpretive predilections, but, most important, it emphasizes that historical actors on the Swahili coast of eastern Africa did not worry about what was authentically local or indigenous in the making of modernity. In coastal eastern African port cities, the photograph became instantly popular in the 1860s, because it was linked to the traveling cultures of the port, giving new form to a very old desire to create aesthetic experiences of oceanic connectedness. Additionally, the portrait photograph allowed residents of the port to merge Swahili ideals of the cultured body, colonial codes of the body, and newly forming ideas about individual subjectivity. Ultimately, the author suggests that in such nonterritorial spaces as the Swahili port city, engaging the artifacts of faraway places is a carefully crafted tactic of translation, where technologies of modernity, such as photography, enable people simultaneously to sustain a sense of distance and closeness to others.
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Fattakhova, Aida R., Maria D. Melnikova, and Nelli V. Gromova. "Rites of Treatment in Eastern Africa and Rite Vocabulary According to Literary Sources." Journal of History Culture and Art Research 6, no. 5 (November 28, 2017): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.7596/taksad.v6i5.1275.
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<p>Rites as the reflection of religious ideas and everyday traditions are of great importance to understand the national picture of the world among the representatives of different peoples. The article examines the rites of the East African society aimed at healing; the ritual vocabulary, saturated with national and cultural information is analyzed and the translation decisions in the transfer of cultural-labeled units reflecting the realities of the Swahili culture carriers are demonstrated. Taking into account the nature of the presented material, the methods widely used in historical and ethnographic and philological research were used during the present study: descriptive, systemic, and semantic one. Nowadays, traditional medicine and conventional medicine go hand in hand in Eastern Africa countries, particularly in Tanzania, complementing each other in the treatment and the prevention of diseases, the preservation and the strengthening of human health. In the case when modern medicine is powerless, doctors recommend that patients turn to herbalists. At the same time, it is impossible to confuse healers who use grasses and other natural resources in their work, passing their experience from generation to generation, with sorcerers and the sorcerers not engaged in treatment. The conclusions formulated in the process of research are of practical importance and can be used by the experts of ethnography, ethnology, translation studies, linguistics, cultural studies and historical science, as well as during the lectures on the study of lexicology in Swahili. </p>
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Gaudioso, Roberto. "A Literary Approach to Avoiding Objectification of the Text: Reading Kezilahabi and Beyond." Annali Sezione Orientale 77, no. 1-2 (June 21, 2017): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24685631-12340024.
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It is well known that, in contemporary studies, the cultural and post-colonial critique mainly focuses on the context of art and literature. My paper highlights the importance of a newWerkimmanente Interpretation, which focuses on the textquaaesthetic process. Thus, in other words, the text will be considered as a living event, meaning an experience of senses and knowledge. The text should be the centre of different hermeneutic approaches which involve translation and comparison, reader’s reception, theories of knowledge, immanent interpretation of the text and literary language. Translation is not only a product, but a process of comprehension (incorporation) and restitution (incarnation) of a text through the constitution of an analogue. This paper intends to propose a multi-systematic mode of poetry analysis, related especially to the poetics of the Swahili writer Euphrase Kezilahabi.
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Khamis, Said A. M. "Nguvu versus Power: Resilience of Swahili Language as Shown in Literature and Translation." Matatu 46, no. 1 (2015): 49–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004298071_005.
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Nelson, Thomas O., and John Dunlosky. "Norms of Paired-Associate Recall During Multitrial Learning of Swahili-English Translation Equivalents." Memory 2, no. 3 (September 1994): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658219408258951.
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Nelson, Thomas O., John Dunlosky, Aurora Graf, and Louis Narens. "Utilization of Metacognitive Judgments in the Allocation of Study During Multitrial Learning." Psychological Science 5, no. 4 (July 1994): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00502.x.
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We contrasted several ways that an individual's judgments of learning (JOLs) can be utilized when allocating additional study (“restudy”) during the learning of Swahili-English translation equivalents The findings demonstrate how metacognitive monitoring can be utilized to benefit multitrial learning Computer-controlled allocation of restudy based on people's JOLs was equivalent to most people's own allocation of restudy (indicating that the computer algorithm can provide a sufficient account of people's allocation of restudy) and was more effective than a computer-controlled allocation based on normative performance (indicating that people's metacognitive monitoring of idiosyncratic knowledge has functional utility in causal chains for learning)
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Shayo, A. L., and E. M. Mkoba. "The reliability and validity of the Swahili translation of the neck disability index scale." Physiotherapy 101 (May 2015): e1018-e1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1887.
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Robinson, Morgan J. "When a Wonder Is Not a Wonder: Swahili, Translation, and the Communication of Knowledge." Isis 114, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/724869.
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Waweru, Peter Kuria, Elijah Yulu, Sarah Shali Matuja, and Samwel Maina Gatimu. "UPESI: Swahili translation of the FAST acronym for stroke awareness campaigns in East Africa." African Journal of Emergency Medicine 14, no. 3 (September 2024): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.afjem.2024.05.003.
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Orang’i, Douglas Ondara. "Translating taboo words in health care texts from English into Swahili in Kenya." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 40, no. 2 (April 3, 2022): 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2022.2043758.
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Rettová, Alena. "Translation as destruction: Kezilahabi's adaptation of Heidegger's “Being”." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 81, no. 3 (October 2018): 439–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x18001003.
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AbstractTanzanian novelist and philosopher Euphrase Kezilahabi strives to “dismantle the resemblance of language to the world” (1985: 216) through challenging the fundamental philosophical dichotomy of subject and object. The result of this dismantling will be a new “language whose foundation is Being” (Kezilahabi 1991: 69; lugha ambayo msingi wake ni kuwako). This is an expression of a new relationship between humanity and Being built on a holistic epistemology of experience and embodiment. Through “kuwako”, Kezilahabi expresses in Swahili the Heideggerian concept of Sein (Being). His adherence to Heidegger, however, puts him at risk of compromising the very foundation of his own philosophy: his continued critique of essentialism. This article argues that Kezilahabi salvages his concept of “kuwako” from these essentialist pitfalls precisely through his declared “destructive rather than deconstructive stand vis-à-vis the Western philosophy of value and representation” (Kezilahabi 1985: 4). The destruction is implemented on the thematic level: a phase of “vurumai” (chaos) which destroys previous traditions of philosophy is staged in Nagona. However, translation is an even more powerful device to carry out this destruction: “kuwako” is not an innocent reiteration but a radical reformulation of Heidegger's central philosophical concept, decisively informed by Kezilahabi's lifelong propensity for existentialism.
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Wakota, John. "Tanzanian Anglophone Fiction: A Survey." Utafiti 12, no. 1-2 (March 18, 2017): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-0120102004.
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Tanzanian Anglophone fiction is extant and bustling. The invisibility of Tanzanian fiction in English is not due to the country’s inability to produce good- quality Anglophone novels but is related to the challenge in accessing the texts both within and outside Tanzania. Studies about East African fiction tend to ignore the contribution of Tanzanian Anglophone writers in the region. In Tanzania people know more about other canonical African novelists than their very own Anglophone writers. This article explores the emergence and development of Tanzanian Anglophone fiction, paying particular attention to the emergence of Tanzanian Anglophone literary canons and how these canons have inspired and continue to inspire the production of Tanzanian fiction. Starting with the novels produced by the inaugural Tanzanian Anglophone writers in the sixties, and continuing with the most recent works, the paper examines the interface between Swahili and English, translation and self-translation, diasporic writers, universities’ and researchers’ contributions to the definition of the canon and to the visibility of the fiction in general.
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Trela, Grzegorz. "The frame thinking, i.e. the individual – but generalized – thought experiment supported by participant observation." Philosophical Discourses 3 (2021): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/pd.2021.03.02.
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The essay presents an outline of the arguments for relativistic theses. Theses: about the theoretical incommensurability and undetermined translation interpreted in ethnic languages (Polish and Swahili). I justify the statement that the conceptual framework of individual languages – by analogy – to the analysed examples are mutually and fundamentally untranslatable. Untranslatable, at least concerning the fundamentally different cultural traditions characterizing the civilization of writing versus oral culture. I also indirectly justify the legitimacy of questioning the linear concept of development based on the involuntary acceptance in the humanities and social sciences of Euclidean geometry. Consequently, the article is part of a series of publications in which I argue for the need to reconstruct fundamental epistemological categories.
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Fabian, Johannes. "Forgetful Remembering: A Colonial Life in the Congo." Africa 73, no. 4 (November 2003): 489–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2003.73.4.489.
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AbstractSocial memory, cultural memory, culture as memory, and memory as culture, landscape and memory, places of memory, regimes of memory—all these have been prominent topics in cultural studies, also in anthropology; in this work, attention is usually paid to remembering. Based on several prior inquiries into popular historiography and local regimes of memory, this paper is an attempt to include forgetting in a model of ‘memory work'. What this entails is shown with ethnographic evidence, the recording of a conversation made in Lubumbashi in 1986 with one of the African pioneers of the town. The text in French and Swahili, accompanied by an English translation, is accessible at www2.fmg.uva.nl/lpca.
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Koech, Beatrice, Geoffrey Sikolia, and Nancy Macharia. "Doctor Patient Type of Language Used and Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence in Kibera Informal Settlement in Nairobi County, Kenya." Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing 10, no. 1 (January 6, 2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.2253.
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Purpose: To explore the type of language used on tuberculosis treatment adherence in an informal settlement in Nairobi County, Kenya.
Methodology: This was by a descriptive qualitative research design. The sample size was 67 and comprised 10 healthcare workers and 57 TB patients. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample the participants. The study conducted 37 unstructured in-depth interviews and 3 focus group discussions. Data analysis was conducted by first translating the data, then transcribing the verbatim of the in-depth unstructured interviews and focus group discussions. The transcribed data was later analyzed using thematic analysis. Data was presented using tables, bar charts and pie charts.
Findings: The findings of the study indicated that majority of the tuberculosis patients found that the type of language used by the healthcare workers when communicating with them determined whether they would adhere to treatment or not. If the language used was not well understood by the patient or if the healthcare worker used complex language, then the patient was not likely to adhere to treatment. The findings further indicated that more than half of the patients were fluent in Swahili language while the remaining patients only had basic knowledge of the language. Sixty percent that is 34 of the participants were fluent in Swahili language whereas thirty- eight percent that is 22 patients had basic knowledge of the language, and one did not understand the language and opted to communicate with the help of an interpreter. Seventy percent that is 40 of the patients indicated that when the healthcare workers communicated with them in simple language they were more likely to adhere to TB treatment. Findings from the healthcare workers indicated that Swahili was the preferred language used by both the healthcare workers and the tuberculosis patients. If a patient did not understand Swahili language, the healthcare workers would look for an interpreter who would then translate to the patient the required information. The use of complex medical language was only used when the healthcare workers were communicating amongst themselves.
Unique Contribution to Theory and Practice and Policy: The constructs of the theories informed the study in terms of treatment adherence by emphasizing the benefits of seeking healthcare early. On practice, healthcare workers needed to be aware of type of language used when interacting with their patients as they are likely to affect their patients’ adherence to treatment. Based on these findings, policymakers should ensure that all healthcare workers should use simple language that is, the use of plain common words to make it easier for the patients to understand. In addition, any health messages, appointment cards or any other TB information whether spoken or written meant for the patients, should be designed in a language that is simple for the patient to comprehend.
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成, 彬. "An Analysis of the Swahili Translation of Song of Lawino from the Perspective of Domestication and Alienation." Modern Linguistics 11, no. 09 (2023): 4071–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ml.2023.119547.
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Krueger, Lacy E., and Cristina M. Sifuentes. "Study Time Allocation, Retrospective Confidence, Gender, and Recall Performance: Does MemorySelf-Efficacy Matter?" Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology 13, no. 3 (2014): 392–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1945-8959.13.3.392.
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We examined factors associated with self-regulated learning in a multitrial verbal learning task. Eighty males and 80 females (ages 18–25 years) completed a memory self-efficacy (MSE) questionnaire before being administered a Swahili-English memory task, in which participants received an unlimited amount of time to study each translation and complete cued recall tests across three study-test trials. We hypothesized that MSE, gender, and subsequent study time allocation (STA) based on prior recall performance and retrospective confidence judgments (RCJs) would be related to memory performance. There were gender differences in recall rates on subsequent trials, but no other gender effects were observed. Our results suggested that general beliefs about memory capabilities (MSE), control processes (STA), and monitoring processes (RCJs) are related to recall performance in a multitrial self-regulated learning task, and that the influence of these variables differs by recall trial and whether individuals are in more extreme MSE groups.
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Onchonga, David, Ákos Várnagy, Faten Amer, Prémusz Viktoria, and Pius Wainaina. "Translation and validation of the Swahili version of the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire version A (W-DEQ-A)." Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare 29 (September 2021): 100626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2021.100626.
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Al-Emadi, Talal, Hassan Rashid Al-Derham, and Abdelwahab El Afandi. "QU Press Dialogue with 2021 Literature Nobel Laureate Prof. Abdulrazak Gurnah." Research in African Literatures 54, no. 1 (March 2023): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.2023.a915646.
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ABSTRACT: Nobel laureate Prof. Abdulrazak Gourna was invited by Qatar University Press and warmly welcomed by the audience of the Doha International Book Fair. The long interview focused on the relationship between the author and publisher and responsibilities of the author to represent the concerns of his local culture on a world stage. Here, the significance of translation was apparent as well as direct communication between author and audiences worldwide. His African, Arabic, and Islamic roots contributed to the rich heritage of Prof. Gurnah, whose novels unravel this complexity of identities. The dialogue was enriched by a discussion on how the author as a novelist and academic dealt with postcolonialism and the evil of colonialism. More importantly, how in his original home Zanzibar, different societies, the coastal cultures, the Arab traders, the Indian traders, the Swahili traders, and the people in the interior, negotiated their coexistence peacefully, which ended with the arrival of European colonialism. This led to fragmentation of African societies and in many ways was responsible for the oppression and dictatorship that ravaged the contents.