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1
Ivshin, Leonid Michaylovich. "REVISITING THE QUESTION ABOUT THE TIME OF PUBLICATION OF THE FIRST BOOKS IN THE UDMURT LANGUAGE." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 13, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2019-13-2-216-222.
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In the XIX century, the printed literature which appeared in the Udmurt language was mainly translation. These publications are mainly religious in nature and published in various dialects of the Udmurt language (Glazov and Sarapul). However, the language of these monuments cannot be correlated with a specific territorial dialect, since the translators and compilers during their writing were not limited to reflecting any one dialect, but, as a rule, resulted in inter-dialect doublets. The appearance of voluminous texts - translations of sources of Christian education in various languages of the Ural-Volga region, including the Udmurt region - is primarily due to the desire of church leaders to extend their influence to the illiterate non-Russian population of the backwoods of Russia in order to familiarize them with their faith. Translations into the Udmurt language of the first half of the 19th century were few. Some of them, compiled on the territory of distribution of various dialects, were deposited in various archives, a small part was published in Kazan in 1847, like the ABC and the Gospel in the Glazov and Sarapul dialects of the Udmurt language. The article deals with the history of creation and the time of publication of the first books in the Udmurt language, since in some works there are unreliable and unreliable dates of their publication. Researchers note that in 1823 a translation into the Udmurt language of the Gospel of Matthew was published, and in 1828 - “The Beginnings of Christian Teaching”. The author made an attempt to find out on the basis of what data similar historiographic mystifications appeared, whether they are not the result of a simple mistake or an inattentive study of written monuments.
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Bezenova, Maria. "Морфологические особенности первых печатных Евангелий на удмуртском языке." Ural-Altaic Studies 47, no. 4 (December 2022): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2022-47-4-7-27.
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The article describes the morphological features of the first printed Gospels in the Udmurt language. These editions are the first longest coherent Udmurt texts, that is, they are one of the first sources for studying the formation of the morphological system of the standard Udmurt language. The paper describes the main grammatical categories of the noun (number, possessiveness, case) and verb (voice, mood, tense), as well as non-finite forms of the verb (infinitive, participle, gerund). The study is based on the corpus of texts that includes translations of the Gospels of Matthew and Mark into the Glazov dialect and the Gospel of Matthew into the Sarapul dialect of the Udmurt language, which were published in 1847. The analysis was carried out by comparing the linguistic data from the sources with the one from the Udmurt literary language and its dialects. Whenever possible, questions of the origin of morphological indicators are touched upon in order to determine the innovative or archaic nature of the features identified in the sources under analysis. The analysis reveals various kinds of characteristics in the texts of the first Udmurt Gospels. At the same time, many features are characteristic of the sources both in the Glazov and Sarapul dialects, which probably indicates the compilers’ desire to make all translations as easily understandable as possible for the speakers of different Udmurt dialects. However, the translations into the Glazov dialect still have some distinctive characteristics, such as the functioning of special possessive forms, the presence of secondary spatial cases, the use of egressive forms in the elative function, which indicate their dialect affiliation.
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Turanov, Andrey Alekseevich. "TO THE HISTORY OF THE TRANSLATION OF CHRISTIAN TEXTS INTO THE UDMURT LANGUAGE IN THE GLAZOV СOUNTY OF THE VYATKA GOVERNORATE IN 1803." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 15, no. 1 (April 2, 2021): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2021-15-1-102-115.
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The article deals with the history of the first translations of Christian religious texts and prayers into the Udmurt language in Glazovsky Uyezd of Vyatka Governorate. Involvement in the study of archival documents from the funds of the Vyatka spiritual Consistory and Glazovsky spiritual Board allowed the author to describe in detail - chronologically accurately and thoroughly - the process of creating translations, to identify the authors of the translation of specific texts. In particular, it was established that at the initial stage there were no volunteers among the clergy of Glazovsky uyezd willing to engage in the compilation of translations. The spiritual Board turned to coercive measures and itself appointed translators from among the clergy who knew the Udmurt language, ordering them to appear for translation in Glazov. The first translation was performed jointly by priests N. Nevostruev, Z. Krotov, S. Anisimov and A. Babaylov ahead of events - even before receiving the list of texts assigned for translation. After receiving the list, the translation of the missing texts was carried out by the same persons individually, but only one of the translators sent his translation to the Glazov Board in time. In early July, translations from Glazov were sent to Vyatka. In the ecclesiastical Consistory the translations were checked and rewritten. As a result, the Synod was presented with a translation composed of two parts, one of which was performed by 4 priests together, and the other-alone by A. Babaylov. The study of the circumstances of the creation of the translation allowed to give answers to questions that remained unexplained for more than a hundred years, and to reveal new, previously unknown facts, including the previously unknown manuscript of the translation by N. Nevostruev and Z. Krotov.
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Kel'makov, V. K. "TO THE HISTORY OF USING UDMURT LEXICAL DIALECTISMS IN EARLY TEXTS AND PATHS TO THEIR SYNONYMIZATION (Using example words with the meaning ’to deceive’)." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 30, no. 5 (October 27, 2020): 785–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-5-785-803.
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Due to the lack of a common Udmurt written language, the translated texts of the first half of the 19th century and the subsequent time up to the beginning of the 20th century were formally oriented towards the native speakers of separate Udmurt dialects and therefore, they were mainly based on the Sarapul, Glazov, Kazan, Yelabuga and other dialects. However, in most cases, these translated texts - even the earliest ones - were linguistically different in various degrees from the spoken variant of the original basic dialects, since translators and editors were forced to incorporate linguistic elements from other dialects, firstly, in order to make these translations accessible for the majority of the Udmurt readers, and secondly, to enhance the expressive capabilities of the literary Udmurt language. Consequently, even the very first as well as the following Udmurt translations of Russian and (partially) Christian Tatar religious texts introduced various dialectal inclusions, especially lexical ones. The article discusses the ways and methods of using inter-dialectical lexical parallels with special attention to one of them, consisting of lexical units with the common meaning “to deceive” (in the clerical literature also “seduce, tempt”): southern aldani̮, peripheral southern and central örekč́ani̮ and northern pöjani̮. In the end, these specific words and a number of other inter-dialectal correspondences close to each other in meaning were subjected in the Udmurt literary language to full or partial synonymization, as evidenced by the language of Udmurt printed materials of recent decades.
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Kamitova, A. V. "“I SPEAK A NOISE OF A DEEP TAIGA”: THE BACKGROUND OF KUZEBAY GERD'S POETRY TRANSLATIONS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 29, no. 5 (October 25, 2019): 859–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2019-29-5-859-865.
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For the first time ever, the history of poetry translations of the Udmurt literature classics of Kuzebay Gerd into other languages has been classified and arranged in chronological order. After collection and classification of the materials, the facts have been established that allow us to speak about both the earliest and most recent translations of his poetry. The names of those who appealed to the translations and the languages into which they translated the poems have been revealed. The examples of how other cultures perceive Gerd’s lyric poetry could be a helpful basis for further analysis of poetry translation. The performed study may facilitate understanding which poetic texts of Kuzebay Gerd were translated into other languages and specifying main sources of translators’ interest in his poetry etc.
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Kamitova, Alevtina Vasilyevna. "MAXIM PROKOPYEVICH PROKOPYEV: LIFE AND CREATIVITY." Historical and cultural heritage 14, no. 1 (2024): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.62669/30342139.2024.1.9.
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The article is devoted to the 140th anniversary of the birth of M. P. Prokopiev, Udmurt poet, publicist and public figure. The paper gives a brief biographical note, presents systematized material concerning his literary work. It is noted that in Udmurt poetry the foundations of political lyrics are connected with the name of M. P. Prokopyev. In his early life he wrote poems based on religious themes, imitated Russian classics and turned to translations of their works. It is suggested that his conversion to the Orthodox tradition was formed under the influence of Christian values transmitted during his studies at the Karlygan Central Votsk School and Kazan Inorodic Teachers’ Seminary. It is noted that M. P. Prokopyev was among the first Udmurt authors who turned in their poetic practice to the development of biblical themes, using the technique of approximate similarity to the quoted place from the Holy Scripture.
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Ivshin, L. M. "About the common Permian name of a swamp in the Udmurt language." BULLETIN OF UGRIC STUDIES 14, no. 1 (2024): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2024-14-1-26-33.
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the article proposes to trace the history of fixation of the lexeme kud ‘swamp’ in the Udmurt language, which was first recorded in the earliest written documents (XVIII century). To present the dynamics of changes in the graphic design and semantics of a word, data from some of the most important lexicographic sources of the XIX–XXI centuries are presented. Objective: to identify the concept kud ‘swamp’ in the monuments of early Udmurt writing; to consider its semantic evolution and etymology. Research materials: written monuments of the XVIII–XIX centuries, lexicographic works on the Udmurt language, as well as data from related and contacting languages. Results and novelty of the research: our work provides for the first time the written history (from the XVIII century to the present day) of the lexeme kud ‘swamp’ in the Udmurt language. The initial fixation of Udmurt words in various kinds of handwritten and printed dictionaries and grammars dates back to the beginning of the emergence of Udmurt writing – 27 Bulletin of Ugric Studies. Vol. 14. № 1 (56). 2024. the XVIII century, while the earliest texts associated with translations of the Gospels and other Holy books appeared only in the middle of the XIX century. The author has made an attempt to consider the Udmurt word kud ‘swamp’ from the point of view of historical lexicography – the change in spelling is traced, the expansion of the semantic content of the lexeme is described. The study revealed that the first fixation of the word was made in 1780 in the handwritten grammar of the Udmurt language, and the graphic design differed slightly from the modern one – only by the presence of a hard sign in the end of the lexeme. An expansion of the semantic meaning of this notion in written sources of modern times has also been discovered. An etymological analysis of the word shows that it belongs to the common Perm vocabulary and has a correspondence in the related Komi-Zyryan language. The results of the chronological description of the word kud ‘swamp’ can be used as material for historical and etymological dictionaries of the Udmurt language.
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Turanov, A. A. "The monuments of Udmurt writing: unknown translations of «The Prayer for Sleep» and of «The Fiftieth David’s Psalm»." Bulletin of Ugric studies 10, no. 2 (2020): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2020-10-2-332-339.
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Kondratieva, Natalia Vladimirovna, and Tatyana Ivanovna Zaytseva. "THE MELODIES GIFTED TO US BY GOD - LET THEM BE HEARD THROUGH CENTURIES." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 14, no. 3 (October 2, 2020): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2020-14-3-560-564.
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The articles describes the biography of Mikhail Gavrilovich Atamanov, the Udmurt linguist, doctor of Philology, honorary professor of Udmurt State University, cleric of the Russian Orthodox Church (Russian Patriarchate), member of the Finno-Ugric Society (Finland), honorary citizen of the Udmurt Republic and Grakhovo district, laureate of Trokai Borisov Award and Kuzebai Gerd Award (Udmurtia), laureate of Kindred Peoples’ Literary Award (Estonia). M. G. Atamanov is the author of 11 academic books and 13 publicist and literary works; he translated the Bible and other liturgical and biblical literature into Udmurt (25 books). He also compiled the national epic ‘Tangyra’.The article focuses on the review of the scholar’s linguistic research as well as the analysis of his literary works and translation of canonical literature into Udmurt.
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Maksimov, Sergey Anatolyevich. "FEATURES IN READING OF SOME BESERMYAN WORDS FROM WRITTEN SOURCES OF THE 18th - 19th CENTURIES." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 16, no. 3 (September 29, 2022): 405–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2022-16-3-405-415.
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This work is devoted to the study of the vocabulary of written monuments presented in the monograph “Language of Besermyans” by T. I. Teplyashina. The use of such material plays an invaluable role in the development of unresolved issues of linguistics, as well as the origin of native speakers. Written sources are especially significant in the study of Besermyans, whose ethnic history is still a controversial issue. As a result of the analysis of three written monuments, the reading of lexical units was clarified, a different meaning was proposed for some of them. Most of the words in the grammar of M. A. Myshkin (Mogilin) are written down quite accurately, although in some cases their semantics (translations) are questionable. The lexical units of this grammar, defined by T. I. Teplyashina as Besermyan, were analyzed based on the use of data from different dialects. As a result, we came to the conclusion that they really can (could) belong to the vocabulary of the Besermyan language. The entries in the dictionaries of P. M. Sorokin and N. P. Steinfeld are not perfect, so in some cases it took a lot of effort to read them accurately. Despite the imperfection of the records in the documents under consideration, they are of great value for the study of the vocabulary and phonetics of the Besermyan language. Such Tatar loan words as bə̑jak ‘this side’, kalap ‘skein of yarn’, t'ereźi ‘cut window’, jaktə̑lə̑k ‘window frame’ are not recorded in other Udmurt dialects, and this speaks of a special type of interaction between the Besermyan dialect and the Turkic languages in the past. The studied lexical units will be placed in the dictionary of the Besermyan dialect we are compiling.
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Bezenova, Maria P. "Morphological features of the translation of the «God’s Law» (1912) into the Udmurt language." Finno-Ugric World 11, no. 3 (December 16, 2019): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.011.2019.03.246-254.
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Introduction. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the Udmurt written monuments are studied only partially at the moment. Today more than 400 names of pre-revolutionary Udmurt monuments are known, but most of them are still not described. An analysis of written monuments is necessary, because they provide important information for language reconstruction, and besides that, they help to determine the chronology of linguistic phenomena. Materials and Methods. The description of morphological characteristics in the article is based on the previously identified graphic and phonetic features of the translation of «God’s law» in the Udmurt language. It involved the method of comparing the linguistic material of the work with the data of the literary language and modern Udmurt dialects. Results and Discussion. As a result of the analysis of «God’s law» in the Udmurt language, we revealed some features in the design of morphological indicators of plural, possessiveness, some case and verb forms, as well as pronouns. Conclusion. A comparison of the linguistic data of the “God’s Law” with the literary language and modern Udmurt dialects confirmed the hypothesis regarding the dialectic affiliation of the written source.
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Kamitova, Alevtina Vasilyevna. "The Phenomenon of Bilingualism in Udmurt Literature (on the Example of G. E. Vereshchagin’s Works)." Ethnic Culture 4, no. 4 (December 27, 2022): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-104032.
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The article describes the phenomenon of bilingualism, expressed in Udmurt literature at the origins of its formation. An analytical insight of this phenomenon is undertaken on the example of the works of the first Udmurt writer G. E. Vereshchagin, namely, on one of his poems. The introductory part briefly describes the various possible forms of a writer's bilingualism, one of which is adopted by the author under study. Several hypothetical versions are proposed to explain the reasons for the Udmurt writer's appeal to self-translation. An analysis of his lullaby “Glaucous, glaucous dovelet!” in Udmurt and its translated version in Russian, carried out by G. E. Vereshchagin himself, is provided. In the course of a comparative study, similarities and differences were found. It is summarized that the formation of a bilingual context in Udmurt literature begins with the works of G. E. Vereshchagin. Through the author's translation, his poetic creativity is also presented to the Russian-speaking reader for the first time. It is revealed that in the translated text the poet successfully embodied the national stylistics and figurative expressiveness inherent in the original. The study of the bilingual creativity of G. E. Vereshchagin contributes to the understanding of the bilingual phenomenon of national literature.
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Bulycheva, E. A., and I. I. Rysaev. "NEOLOGISMS OF THE UDMURT TRANSLATION OF THE BIBLE IN MODERN USUS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, no. 3 (July 8, 2022): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-3-487-495.
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The article is devoted to neologisms that appeared in the Udmurt language thanks to the translation of the Bible made by M.G. Atamanov. The authors wonder which of these neologisms are able to go beyond the biblical texts and gain a foothold in the active vocabulary of the language. The study is based on the analysis of udmurt-language media, as well as a questionnaire of native speakers. The survey made it possible to understand whether native speakers are familiar with any of the studied neologisms, and the analysis of the media made it possible to find out whether these words are used outside the Bible and liturgical books, that is, in texts not directly related to religion. The authors conclude that a small part of these new words are already used in the media and are well known to native speakers, which means they have already been included in the active vocabulary.
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Zaytseva, T. I., and N. P. Yamaeva. "The comic in Udmurt folklore and artistic literature of the late XIX – early XX centuries." Bulletin of Ugric studies 10, no. 4 (2020): 652–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2020-10-4-652-661.
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Introduction: the сomic is one of the ways of artistic reflection of reality. It shows the peculiarities of the national worldview at the certain period of history. To generalize the stages of evolution of the comic in literature, to establish causeand- effect relationships of development of genres and forms of the comic, it is necessary to identify its origins. The article development. Objective: to identify the origins and features of formation of comic genres in Udmurt literature in the aspect of continuity of traditions of oral folk art. Research materials: satirical and humorous works of Udmurt folklore and the initial stage of development of national literature. Results and novelty of the research: prerequisites of the comic in Udmurt literature are contained in laughing culture of the people, in rituals and rites that perform a magical function. An important source of the origin of literary comic genres was the genres of oral folk art with a dominant social function. A significant role was also played by the translation and cultural activities of the enlighteners, as well as the influence of older literatures. Based on the genres of oral and poetic creativity (comic, satirical, dance and game songs, fairy tales, fables, madyos, takmak) and taking into account, first of all, the experience of Russian literature, comic works of various genres are created in the Udmurt language. For the first time the article considers poorly studied works of Udmurt comic literature of the late XIX – early XX centuries. These are works of different genres of folklore origins: verses, poems, plays, essays, stories, novellas, feuilletons, parables, fables, madyos, new takmak, pamphlets, «light tales», etc. The educational theme of the first works gradually acquires a social and socio-political meaning complicating the poetics of the comic. Key words: the comic, genre, Udmurt folklore, Udmurt literature, laughter, satire, humor.
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Аrzamazov, A. A. "GRAMMAR OF TIME IN UDMURT SOCREALISTIC POETRY: GAI SABITOV’s CREATIVITY." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 29, no. 5 (October 25, 2019): 866–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2019-29-5-866-874.
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This article discusses the individual structural-semantic, grammatical and stylistic peculiarities of the poetic texts of Gui Sabitov, who is one of the brightest representatives of the Udmurt socialist realism. Udmurt socrealistic idiostyles as a national-specific variant of this artistic method has never been the object of interpretation. The relevance of the study is dictated by the insufficiency of the linguistic and poetic approach in considering the phenomenon of development of Udmurt literature, the lack of scientific works focused both on the grammar of poetry and on the temporality category of the poetic whole, its artistic contexts. The article analyzes the multi-level relationship of the grammatical sphere and the artistic semantics of G. Sabitov’s texts, shows the interconversion of form and text content, linguistic elements, the ideological plan of expression and the individual author’s worldview. The novelty is the selection of the main grammatical and lexical segments of the lyrical translation of temporality, the identification of scenarios of individual author semantization of the present tense, the study of Gui Sabitov’s poetic corpus from the point of view of linguistic realities that are projected onto the Udmurt Soviet literature in general.
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Kostina, Ksenia G. "Functioning of the verb’s reflexive voice in the modern Udmurt language." Finno-Ugric World 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.013.2021.04.358-368.
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Introduction. Any language’s verb system has many resources for denoting various actions of people. The relations of the action or state of the subject to its object are determined by the grammatical category of the voice, represented in the Udmurt language by the pairs of causative – non-causative, reflexive – non-reflexive forms of voices. The article considers the functioning of the verb’s reflexive voice in the modern Udmurt language, including the etymology of the voice’s affix, the grammatical meanings of reflexive verbs. Materials and Methods. The main material of the research is based on the Udmurt-Russian Dictionary (2008) and the texts of Udmurt writers included into the National Corpus of the Udmurt Language. The article used a set of such research methods as descriptive, continuous sampling, contextual analysis, taking into account the situational conditioning of the verb voice. On specific examples, the use of these methods makes it possible to consider the structure, dynamics and features of the functioning of the reflexive voice of the verb in the Udmurt language. Results and Discussion. As a result of the research, for the first time, among the reflexive voice’s groups we include verbs of passive voice. The reason of it is the low probability of using passive constructions in colloquial speech. The frequent cases of using passive meanings of verbs in the literature and in the press are defined by the calcified translation of foreign-language constructions. Conclusion. The grammatical structure of the Udmurt language is represented by two binary voice’s forms: reflexive/non-reflexive voice and causative/non-causative voice. Specific indicators of reflexive voice are affixes -ськ(ы)-/-ск(ы), -иськ(ы)-/-üськ(ы)-. From the point of view of semantic content, five semantic groups of returnable pledges are distinguished: reflexive, medial, reciprocal, impersonal, passive. The proposed classification is determined by the specifics of the relations between the subject and the object of action.
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Bezenova, Maria P. "Морфологические особенности «Жития Св. Феодора» (1913) на удмуртском языке." Ural-Altaic Studies 42, no. 3 (September 2021): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2021-42-3-19-32.
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The article examines the morphological features of the translation of “The Life of St. Theodoreˮ (1913) into the Elabuga dialect of the Udmurt language. The significance of the study lies in the fact that although written records are one of the main sources for studying language history, most of Udmurt written records have not been examined yet. The paper describes the main grammatical categories of the noun (number, possession, case) and the verb (voice, mood, tense), as well as those of the non-conjugated verb forms (infinitive, participle, adverbial participle). The analysis of morphological characteristics is based on the previously identified graphic and phonetic features of the written source and employs a comparative method: the linguistic data were compared with the data from the literary language and modern Udmurt dialects. Furthermore, whenever possible, the issues of the origin of morphological markers are raised in order to identify the innovative or archaic nature of the characteristics which are reflected in the written record at the morphological level. As a result, a number of features in the formalization of plural indicators, adverbial participles, some case and tense forms are revealed, which make the language of the written record different from the modern literary Udmurt language and some of its dialects. At the same time, all of these features are preserved in modern South Udmurt dialects, which does not contradict the hypothesis put forward earlier and based on the analysis of the phonetic system of the source text, according to which the dialect basis of “The Life of St. Theodoreˮ is one of the Central-Southern dialects.
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Bezenova, Maria P. "The peculiarities of the translation of “God’s lawˮ (1912) into Udmurt: verbal morphology." Ural-Altaic Studies 38, no. 3 (2020): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2020-38-3-19-32.
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Pchelovodova, Irina Vyacheslavovna, and Nikolai Vladimirovich Anisimov. "THE PERFORMER AND TRADITION: PERSONALITY AS A PHENOMENON IN TRANSMISSION OF THE UDMURT CULTURAL HERITAGE." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 14, no. 3 (October 2, 2020): 418–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2020-14-3-418-433.
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For the first time, this article concentrates on the phenomenon of personality in the Udmurt ethnical culture. This is a good framework to talk about Olga Nikolaevna Solovyova (1932-2018), well-known among the Udmurt as Dzhaky/Dzhakapay/Dzhakyapay (litt.: Jay/aunt Jay). There are several reasons for scientific interest about her: she had a huge knowledge of singing repertoire and rituals, she was able to improvise freely within her local tradition, she had exceptional musical abilities. The analysis of Olga Solovyova’s character as a performer allows to connect the songs in her repertoire with her singer’s fate. Many of her non-ritual songs are indeed autobiographic narratives with her reflections about her unhappy life, her fate as an orphan. A large corpus in her songs belongs to the so-called personal songs, a kind of memory about a person in musical, singing form. Another original feature in her singing art was the knowledge of other communities’ songs (Russian, Mari, Tatar), from the surrounding villages, both in the original languages as in translation into Udmurt. Because of her knowledge of the local ritual tradition, Olga Solovyova was a significant and respected member of her village community. Until her life’s last day, she respected the traditional worldview positions, the behavioural rules, the canons of ritual and singing performance, which she endeavoured to instil in her entourage. All this arose genuine interest in social and scientific circles. And today, when she is no more among us, her name comes back to life in numerous different projects.
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Кашкин, Егор Владимирович. "Verbs of Falling in the Tatyshly Udmurt Language." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 3(41) (November 15, 2023): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2023-3-35-46.
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Рассматриваются глаголы падения (ср. в русском языке упасть, рухнуть, опрокинуться, грохнуться и др.) в татышлинском говоре удмуртского языка (периферийно-южный диалект, южное наречие). Ранее это семантическое поле системно не рассматривалось на удмуртском материале. Работа ведется в рамках фреймового подхода к лексической типологии, предполагающего описание семантики лексем путем анализа их сочетаемости. Результаты сопоставляются с выводами типологического проекта о глаголах падения, а также ряда частноязыковых статей. Данные собраны в полевых условиях методом анкетирования носителей языка (перевод предложений с русского языка на удмуртский, оценка правильности и интерпретация предложений на удмуртском языке). Дополнительно привлечены материалы словарей и корпусов удмуртского языка. В центре внимания находятся прямые употребления рассматриваемых лексем. Выявлены основные семантические противопоставления в зоне падения, релевантные для исследуемого идиома. Во-первых, это регулярная типологически оппозиция между падением всего субъекта с высоты и сменой вертикального положения на горизонтальное. Во-вторых, в татышлинском говоре отмечается особая категоризация падения, сопровождающегося разрушением субъекта (что также характерно для многих языков). В-третьих, имеется специальный набор лексем, описывающих перемещение жидкостей и сыпучих веществ. Проанализированы их семантические характеристики, также их связь с контекстами падения множественного субъекта и ограничения на употребление в этих контекстах. В первую очередь глаголы перемещения веществ описывают падение множественных субъектов небольшого размера, тогда как с наименованиями субъектов большего размера сочетаются базовые лексемы. В-четвертых, любопытно наличие отдельной лексемы, описывающей падение субъекта (как одушевленного, так и, что менее ожидаемо типологически, неодушевленного) лицевой стороной вниз, что связано с теоретическим понятием фасадности. Наконец, проанализированы пересечения поля падения со смежными семантическими полями разрушения, вращения и некоторых других типов перемещения, сформулированы семантические признаки, которые могут способствовать классификации значения падения и других перечисленных значений. The article deals with verbs of falling (cf. in English: fall, drop, plummet, plunge, nosedive) in the Tatyshly subdialect of the Udmurt language (southern variant, peripheral-southern dialect). This domain has not yet been systematically studied based on Udmurt language material. The study relies on the frame-based approach to lexical typology, which proposes to describe semantics through collocation analyses of lexemes. The results are compared with the conclusions of the typological project and several language-specific articles on verbs of falling. The data were collected mainly by surveying native speakers (translation from Russian into Udmurt, evaluation and interpretation of sentences in Udmurt). Data from the Udmurt dictionaries and corpora are also considered. We analyze the main semantic oppositions in the domain of verbs of falling in the Tatyshly subdialect of the Udmurt language. First, it is the opposition between falling from above and changing from a vertical to a horizontal position. Second, a special verb for falling involves a subject’s destruction (typical of many languages). Third, there are a number of lexemes describing the movement of liquids and granular substances. We discuss their semantic properties, their connection to the falling of multiple subjects, and the constraints on their use in the latter contexts. Verbs of substance motion refer mainly to the falling of multiple small subjects, while larger subjects require dominant verbs of falling. Fourth, a special lexical item denotes the falling of a subject (either animate or, what is typologically curious, inanimate) onto its front. Finally, we discuss contiguity between the domain of falling and other domains (destruction, rotation, and other types of motion). The semantic reasons for colexification are formulated.
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Tagirova, Feride Insanovna. "Persons in Linguistics of the Ural-Volga Region: Halil Açıköz." Ethnic Culture 3, no. 3 (September 25, 2021): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-99399.
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The work is devoted to the description of the life of the Turkish linguist H. Çıkgöz. For the first time in the history of Turkish science his scientific interests were directed to the Finno-Ugric peoples of the Ural-Volga region of Russia – the Mari and Udmurts. Methods. The work is written in the genre of an essay, many episodes of which are due to the author’s memories of the scientist. Results. The presented material can be used in the compilation of bio-bibliographic indexes and databases in the field of the study of the Turkic and Finno-Ugric languages of the Ural-Volga region. Discussion. As a scientist H. Açıkgöz had a wide range of scientific interests and systemic knowledge in various fields: in the field of modern linguistics and written monuments, medieval classical poetry and art in general. In Turkey he was a lecturer at Istanbul University, known as a philologist in his true sense. In Tatarstan he was known as a Türkologist, but few had any idea of the true scope of his scientific interests. In Mari El and Udmurtia they did not have time to recognize him, with the exception of a narrow circle of scientists. This work is useful in that it sheds light on his activities in the field of Finno-Ugric studies, which still remain in the shadows. A wide circle of scholars, both in Russia and abroad, still do not know that H. Açıkgöz was engaged in theoretical and practical study of the Finno-Ugric languages, compilation of the Mari-Turkish dictionary and translation of the dictionary of Tatar and Bashkir borrowings in the Mari language of N.I. Isanbaev.
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Bilyalova, A. A., and T. I. Zelenina. "REVIEW of: Shutova N.M. Seminars in Translation: Students’ Aid / N.M. Shutova. - Izhevsk: Udmurt University Press, 2020. - 140 p." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 32, no. 5 (October 14, 2022): 1141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2022-32-5-1141-1142.
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Кондратьева, Наталья Владимировна. "Implementation of Comparative Features in Comparative Tropes with Dendronyms in Modern Udmurt." Tomsk Journal of Linguistics and Anthropology, no. 4(42) (December 22, 2023): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2307-6119-2023-4-23-33.
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Настоящая работа посвящена выявлению особенностей репрезентации признаков сравнения, характеризующих дендронимы, в структуре компаративных тропов современного удмуртского языка. На основе анализа лингвистических материалов, представленных в электронных корпусах удмуртского языка, были установлены семантические значения стереотипных признаков сравнения, содержащих в своей структуре компонент «название деревьев», а также выявлены устойчивые смысловые контексты дендронимов в указанном языке. Как показали результаты исследования, максимальным набором семантических значений обладают лексемы бадяр ʻкленʼ и тыпы ʻдубʼ; большинство же названий деревьев используются для выражения единичных смысловых коннотаций. С точки зрения семантических характеристик компаративных тропов с дендронимами нами были выявлены следующие группы признаков сравнений, формирующих значительный фрагмент языковой и концептуальной картины мира носителя удмуртского языка: а) представления о внешности, строении тела, росте и здоровье, физических характеристиках человека: Тазалыкез тыпы кадь юн. ʻЕго здоровье крепкое как дубʼ; Вож бадяр кадь мугорыз лабрес беризьлы укшаны ӧдъяз. ʻЕго тело, напоминавшее зеленый клен, стало похоже на раскидистую липуʼ и др.; б) представления о человеке как представителе общества, носителе социальных функций: Мар со лыктэм нылмурт бордад сирпу кадь лякиське? ʻбукв. Почему эта приезжая девушка пристала к тебе как вяз (в знач. назойлива)?ʼ и др.; в) на основе анализа собранного материала было выявлено, что компаративные конструкции с дендронимами очень редко используются для репрезентации представления о характере и моральных качествах человека: Зэмос улон, кудзэ лэсьтӥськом асьмеос, кытын уло пичиос но пересьес, кызьпу кадь чеберъес но ньылпу кадь ӟукыртӥсьес. ʻНастоящая жизнь, которую мы сами строим; в которой живут дети и старики, как березы красивые и словно пихты брюзжащиеʼ. Между тем другие группы фитонимов гораздо шире представлены в компаративных конструкциях: Сямыз ӟег нянь но тӥни. ʻБукв. По характеру он ржаной хлеб (в знач. добрый)ʼ; Небӟем губи тон, Аркаш. Ас кышнодэ но кияд кутэмед уг луы. ʻТы как сгнивший гриб, Аркадий (в знач. с мягким характером). Даже свою жену не можешь держать в рукахʼ и др. На основе анализа признаков сравнения компаративных тропов, содержащих в своей структуре названия деревьев, можно сделать вывод о том, что данная группа лексических единиц имеет важный аксиологический статус, отражает многовековой жизненный опыт человека, его индивидуальные наблюдения за окружающим миром живой природы. This paper deals with the identification of the comparative features used for dendronyms in the structure of comparative tropes in modern Udmurt. Based on the analysis of linguistic material from the electronic corpus of the Udmurt language, the semantic meanings of stereotypical comparative images containing the “names of trees” were outlined, and stable semantic connotations of dendronyms were revealed. According to the study’s results, the lexeme badyar ‘maple’ has the broadest semantic meanings; overall, most tree names express single semantic connotations. When considering the semantic features of comparative tropes with dendronyms, the following groups of comparative features were found to form a significant part of the linguistic and conceptual picture of the world of the native Udmurt speaker: (a) Ideas about a person’s appearance, physique, growth and development, health, physical features: Тазалыкез тыпы кадь юн «His health is as strong as an oak tree»; Вож бадяр кадь мугорыз лабрес беризьлы укшаны ӧдъяз «His body, which resembled a green maple, became like a spreading linden tree»; b) Ideas about a person as a representative of society, as a bearer of social functions: Мар со лыктэм нылмурт бордад сирпу кадь лякиське? «Why does this guest girl stick to you like an elm tree?»; c) According to the analysis of the collected material, comparative constructions with dendronyms are rarely used to represent the idea of a person’s character and moral qualities. At the same time, other groups of phytonyms are much more common in this group of comparative constructions: Сямыз ӟег нянь но тӥни. Literal translation: «By nature, it is rye bread (type)»; Небӟем губи тон, Аркаш. Ас кышнодэ но кияд кутэмед уг луы «You’re like a rotten mushroom, Arkady (soft-hearted). You can’t even handle your wife». From the analysis of comparative tropes, which contain tree names in their structure, it can be concluded that this vocabulary group has an important axiological status, reflecting centuries-old life experiences and observations of the surrounding nature.
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Vallikivi, Laur. "Soome-ugri misjon: Eesti kristlaste hõimutöö Venemaal." Eesti Rahva Muuseumi aastaraamat, no. 61 (October 11, 2018): 154–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33302/ermar-2018-007.
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Faith-Based Finno-Ugric Outreach: Estonian Christian Missionaries among Kindred Peoples in Russia This article provides an initial overview of the role of Christianity in the Finno-Ugric movement and the instrumentalisation of Finno-Ugric identity. It analyses the mission activity conducted by Estonians (and Finns to some extent) among speakers of Finno-Ugric (Uralic) languages in Russia. Above all, the writings of missionaries are used as the source – primarily mission publications published in Estonia. The background is the author’s fieldwork conducted among Nenets reindeer herders, who have been influenced by Russian and Ukrainian Protestant missionaries, and the Udmurt people living on the far side of the Kama, the latter being untouched by mission work. In both communities, religion and language inherited from forebears have a noteworthy role, even though the younger generation is becoming equally bilingual (the Russian language often dominates) and fewer and fewer young people take part in the non-Christian rituals passed down by their ancestors. The first half of the article gives an overview of how the church’s outreach directed at peoples who speak Finno-Ugric languages (hõimumisjon and hõimutöö are Estonian terms used) developed and the ideology behind it. The second half focuses on the activities of Estonian and Finnish missionaries in Russia. The author looks at the reception that the Erzya and Moksha Mordvins, Mari, Udmurts and Zyrian Komis have given the missionaries and also examines Protestant relations with the Russian Orthodox Church and representatives of local native religions. Whereas the collapse of the Soviet Union saw extensive missionary activity in Russia, Protestants from Estonia and Finland (mainly Lutherans, Methodists, Baptists and Pentecostals) set out to actively spread the gospel among Finno-Ugric peoples living in Russia. As Estonians and Finns are often accepted as ‘kin’, missionaries see this as a ‘niche provided by God’, which should be utilised. The goal for the missionaries is to create a Christian community where the kindred brothers and sisters become religious brethren. In spite of accusations to the contrary, they consider their endeavour something that will save Finno-Ugric cultures and languages, proceeding from the attempt to bring eastern ‘kindred peoples’ closer to the Protestant world and the world of the Estonians and Finns and the possibility of redemption. Protestant Estonian and Finnish missionaries portray themselves as preservers of the local languages. In practice, however, their activities are quite conflicting. On one hand, the need to make religious texts available in native languages is stressed, and they participate in organising translation of Christian texts and promote the local mission in the indigenous languages. On the other hand, the primary language used for outreach is not the local language but Russian, as Russian proficiency is predominant among Finno-Ugrians (although not always on a par with that of Russians). As the primary objective is to convert as many people as possible to Christianity, it is not of primary importance for missionaries to learn the local language. Due to conflicting values and practical choices, few native-language congregations are created. Estonian and Finnish Protestants style themselves as preservers of local cultures. The role model is that of Estonian and Finnish Christian popular cultures where the role of ‘paganism’ is under control and the elements of national culture tend to be integrated into a cultural whole. Missionaries cultivate an image of culture as something that can be dressed, sung, eaten, but not as something that relates to the house guardian spirits or the souls of ancestors, communicating with whom is a factor underlying the creation of a major part of the visible culture. To sum up, the author asserts that Christianisation as a culture-changing force has all the more powerful an effect if cultural changes are resisted.
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Egorov, S. F., and Yu K. Shelkovnikov. "Shooting Simulator «Inhibitor»: Ballistic Software «Meeting Tasks»." Intellekt. Sist. Proizv. 20, no. 2 (June 26, 2022): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2410-9304-2022-2-114-127.
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Software and algorithm for calculating external ballistics for the 'meeting task' with local objects, targets or lay is described, taking into account all external factors for the optical-electronic shooting simulator 'Inhibitor' developed at Institute of mechanics UdmFRC UB RAS and at Computer facilities department of Kalashnikov ISTU jointly with JSC «Kalashnikov» Concern». To solve the 'meeting task' problem of the simulator weapon ammunition with an element of a virtual target situation (lay, local object, target), coordinate systems of a 2D projection screen, a 3D ballistic curve and a 3D shooting range are introduced with translation from one system to another. At the same time, traditionally for ballistics, the X axis goes away. The algorithm of the 'meeting taks' calculates the ballistic trajectory, taking into account, among others, all types of ammunition, the level of placement of the shooter for the mountain version and the angles of the target and course, with a step of 1 m and synchronously with the evolution of the target situation solves the problem of crossing with the bilinear surface of the shooting range (in the form of a 'saddle') and plane-vertical targets or local objects. In addition to recording the hit, a close miss and the time of firing the target for subsequent evaluation are recorded. It was concluded that further research and development of electronic shooting simulators are promising due to the improvement of computing facilities and the development of software libraries in order to increase the accuracy of simulating the external ballistics of simulators for a realistic solution of the 'meeting task,' taking into account many external factors, expanding the functional capabilities of simulators and reducing their cost and, therefore, increasing competitiveness.
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Poizner, B. N., and I. V. Izmailov. "Рецензия на книгу: Семибратов В. К. Феномен уездного города. Малмыж в истории русской культуры. М.: Редкая птица, 2021. 288 с. BOOK REVIEW: SEMIBRATOV, V. 2021. THE PHENOMENON OF A COUNTY TOWN. MALMYZH IN THE HISTORY OF RUSSIAN CULTURE. MOSCOW: “RARE BIRD”, 288 P." Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology), no. 2023 №1 (March 6, 2023): 365–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2023-1/365-374.
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В рецензии на монографию В. К. Семибратова «Феномен уездного города. Малмыж в истории русской культуры» даётся высокая оценка труду. Автор рисует историю г. Малмыжа XVII — начала XX вв. как центра развития и взаимодействия населяющих округу русских, татар, удмуртов, марийцев. Отмечается, что исследование построено на широкой базе литературных и архивных источников, оно носит полидисциплинарный характер. Объекты изучения — универсальные и специфические проявления ведущих форм сохранения, трансляции, преобразования, создания моделей жизнедеятельности. Методика изучения, описания, толкования опирается на системную познавательную модель, а частично — на диатропическую. Это позволяет ревизовать, упорядочить, актуализировать ресурсы коллективной памяти Малмыжа; концептуально выбирать кластеры фактов, чтобы восстановить эволюцию местной антропосферы; раскрыть взаимовлияние культурной динамики Малмыжа и регионов империи. Вкупе с приёмами микроисторического метода — идентифицировать, вычленять, сепарировать один историкокультурный фактор, компонент, мотив и т. п. от «соседнего». Монография оценивается в свете ряда идей: «Ретротопии» З. Баумана, антропологической концепции «Past Discontinuous» И. И. Сандомирской, трансисторического мышления, историософии Вяч. Ив. Иванова в его поэме «Человек» и «Патриотизма» М. М. Крома. Подчёркнуто, что у некоторых взаимосвязей Малмыжа со страной — статус социальных изобретений. Они полезны антропологу и педагогу как прецеденты или прототипы отношений «родного» со «вселенским». Обращено внимание на то, что книга, предоставляя трансисторический контакт с минувшим, стимулирует региональное самосознание читателя, его родиноведческую рефлексию. The review of the monograph “The Phenomenon of a County Town. Malmyzh in the history of Russian culture” by V. K. Semibratov appreciates highly this work. The book depicts the city of Malmyzh history in the 17th — early 20th centuries as a place where the interaction of Russians, Tatars, Udmurts, and Mari inhabitants took place. This multidisciplinary study is based on multiple literary and archival sources. The objects of study are universal and specific manifestations of the leading forms of preservation, translation, transformation, creation of life activity models. The methodology for studying, describing, and interpreting is mainly based on a systemic cognitive model and partly on a diatropic model. This allows the author to: revise, organize and update the resources of Malmyzh’s collective memory; conceptually select clusters of facts in order to reconstruct the evolution of the local anthroposphere; reveal the mutual influence of the cultural dynamics of Malmyzh and another regions of the empire. Coupled with the techniques of micro‑historical method this lets the author to identify and isolate all historical and cultural factors, components and motives from one another. The monograph is evaluated in the light of a number of ideas: “Retrotopia” by Z. Bauman, the anthropological concept “Past Discontinuous” by I. Sandomirskaya, transhistorical thinking, V. I. Ivanov’s historical philosophy in his poem “Man” and “Patriotism” by M. Krom. It is emphasized that some of Malmyzh’s relationships with the country had a status of social inventions. They are useful for the anthropologist and educator as precedents or prototypes of the relationship between the “native” and the “universal”. The monograph provides a transhistorical contact with the past. Therefore, the book stimulates the reader’s regional self‑awareness, his reflection of motherland studies.
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Bradley, Jeremy Moss, and Christian Pischlöger. "Converb constructions in Mari and Udmurt." Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen, no. 66 (December 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33339/fuf.97527.
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Uralic languages of the Volga-Kama Region, especially Mari and Udmurt, show strong Turkic influence in the range of usages of converbial (gerundial, i.e. adverbial non-finite) forms. Converbs can be found in combination with syntactically superordinate verbs communicating different values, mirroring Turkic structures: modal (“swimming know” = ‘know how to swim’), directional (“crawling leave” = ‘crawl away’), benefactive (“baking give” = ‘bake something for someone’), aspectual (“drinking send” = ‘drink up’). It is debatable however to what extent one can speak of grammaticalized structures and to what extent one should speak of a body of loan translations in individual languages or varieties. The paper explores the prospect of using verbs borrowed from Russian as a metric of productivity: as these were borrowed after the phase of intense Turkic language contacts ended, their usage in Turkic-type structures can been seen as evidence for their grammaticalization, while their absence in such structures can be seen as evidence against it.
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Bezenova, M. "The case system of the first Gospels translations in the Udmurt language." Bulletin of Ugric studies 12 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2022-12-1-7-16.
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Edygarova, Svetlana. "Об одной функции адвербиаля -я в удмуртском языке (как пример языковой стандартизации)." Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 2017, no. 96 (January 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.33340/susa.70221.
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This paper deals with the contemporary Udmurt language which demonstrates extensive influence from Russian. It is misleading, however, to think that a strong influenceof a prestige language in a minority language would indicate a poorer version of the language in question. Despite Udmurt being a living, rich language, the ways in which people use it depends on their sociolinguistic background. Here, empirical data gathered by means of a translation test is used to demonstrate the way in which the informants use the new adnominal function of the Udmurt adverbial case. It is concluded that this use depends on the linguistic background of the individual speaker. In particular, it reflects speakers’ knowledge of different language varieties, such as the standard language, the vernacular and various dialects. It also reflects how speakers have acquired and continue to use these varieties.
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Bezenova, Maria P. "The peculiarities of the translation of “God’s Lawˮ (1912) into Udmurt: nominal morphology." Ural-Altaic Studies 36, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2500-2902-2020-36-1-53-70.
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Turanov, A. "TO THE CREATION TIME AND THE AUTHOR OF THE TRANSLATION INTO THE UDMURT LANGUAGE OF THE PRAYER “OUR FATHER” FROM THE F. P. ADELUNG’S FOUNDATION." Historical and cultural heritage of the peoples of the Ural-Volga region 12, no. 2 (December 30, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.15350/26191490.2022.2.28.
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