Relevant bibliographies by topics / Translations into Urdu

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Translations into Urdu'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Translations into Urdu"

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Dr. Aasma Rani, Dr. Aqsa Naseem Sindhu, and Dr. Sadaf Naqvi. "MUTUAL TRANSLATIONS OF URDU AND PUNJABI." Tasdiqتصدیق۔ 4, no. 01 (June 30, 2022): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.56276/tasdiq.v4i01.91.

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Human being uses language to convey their messages, emotions, feelings, observations and experiences to others. For this, language was used as spoken and written language, and different languages came into existence due to geographical boundaries and linguistic groups. And for those who know one language, commonly it is not possible to know another language. Human emotions and feelings are expressed in one language in speech or writing which the other language knower is generally unable to understand. Thus there was a need to translate this expression into another language which was called Translation. This Tradition of translation is also found in the Urdu language, Urdu is also influenced by international and regional languages and it has also had its effects on these languages that are why there is a wide and coherent series of translations of international literature into Urdu and Urdu literature into foreign languages. On the other hand, there is a strong tradition of Urdu translations of regional languages such as Sindhi, Seraiki, Pashto, Balouchi, Brahui and Punjabi literature, and a well-built tradition of translation from Urdu literature into these regional languages. In this article, we will discuss the tradition and importance of Urdu to Punjabi and Punjabi to Urdu translations.
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Umarova, Mohira Azim qizi. "UZBEK KINSHIP WORDS AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO URDU LANGUAGE." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 05 (May 31, 2021): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-05-24.

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There has been a great deal of research on kinship in translation and linguistics. Linguoculturologically, etymologically, it has been studied in relation to the words of reference. This article is also about words related to kinship and their translations into Urdu. It describes the methods used by the Pakistani translator in translating these words, and the advantages and disadvantages of the translation. In this article, the words kinship is studied more as a unit of reference.
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Jabbari, Alexander. "From Persianate Cosmopolis to Persianate Modernity: Translating from Urdu to Persian in Twentieth-Century Iran and Afghanistan." Iranian Studies 55, no. 3 (July 2022): 611–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/irn.2022.21.

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AbstractThis article examines twentieth-century Persian translations of Urdu-language works about Persian literature, focusing on two different Persian translations of an influential Urdu-language work on Persian literary history, Shiʿr al-ʿAjam (Poetry of the Persians), by Shibli Nuʿmani. The article offers a close, comparative reading of the Afghan and Iranian translations of Shiʿr al-ʿAjam in order to understand why two Persian translations of this voluminous text were published within such a short time period. These translations reveal how Indians, Afghans, and Iranians were invested in the same Persianate heritage, yet the emergence of a “Persianate modernity” undergirded by a cultural logic of nationalism rather than cosmopolitanism, along with Iran’s and Afghanistan’s differing relationships to India and Urdu, produced distinct approaches to translation.
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Qayyum, Assad, and Hafiz Muhammad Sajjad. "قرآن مجیدکے پانچ منظوم اردو تراجم کا تعارف و تجزیہ." Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies 3, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36476/jirs.3:1.06.2018.03.

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This research article gives a brief introduction and analysis of five Urdu translations of the Holy Qur’ān. Qur’ānic translations are an important source of learning and understanding of Qur’ān. In Urdu the translations of the Holy Book started in late 16th Century A.D. The number of these translations is in hundreds till now, which include translations in Urdu prose and verse. The first rhymed Urdu translation of the Holy Quran was written in the last quarter of 18th Century A.D. At present these translations are in hundreds, including complete as well as partial translations. Most of the translations are in rhymed form, while some are in free verse also. In this article five complete Holy Qur’ān translations have been discussed. Main aim of the article is to introduce the poets and their translations, as well as brief analysis of the translations. The translations are; Asar Zubairi Lakhnavi's "Sehr ul Bayan", Syed Shamim Rajz's "Aab e Rawaan", Seemab Akbar Abadi's "Wahi e Manzum", Abdul Aziz Khalid's "Furqan e Javed" and Qazi Ata ullah's "Mafhoom ul Quran". This article also explains how much the poets succeeded in presenting the message of Qur’ān. The merits and demerits of the translations have been highlighted. The article concludes that poetry, specially rhymed form, is not suitable for the translations of the Holy Book.
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Kamran, Dr Malik, and Bushra Noreen. "A Comparative Study of the Preference of Selected Words in Urdu Qur'anic." ĪQĀN 4, no. 01 (December 28, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36755/iqan.v4i01.335.

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As urdu translations are personal struggles of different scholars, so each translator has chosen Urdu words in his own way. And because of different mindsets and preferences of every translator, we find different Urdu words and phrases for one particular word of the Qur'an . They have written according to their intellect, so every translation seems different. These words seem to determine the divine meaning and the understanding of the Qur'an. The following is a comparative study of the Qur'anic translations of the Indian subcontinent, in which the selection of Urdu words is examined in the light of hadiths, relics, lexicons and sayings of commentators, giving preference to words closer to the divine purpose. And for this, representative translations of well-known sects of the subcontinent have been selected, including Kunzalaiman, Ahsan al-Bayyan and Ma'arif al-Quran. It contains selected verses from Surah Al-Baqarah, Al-Imran, Al-Nisa 'and Al-Ma'ida for commentary on translations.
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Muhammad Javed Iqbal, Masroor Sibtain, and Rabia Shahzadi. "Translational Style: A Corpus-Based Comparative Analysis of English Translations of Urdu Fiction by Memon and Naqvi." sjesr 3, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss3-2020(283-292).

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The present paper comparatively analyzes English translations of Urdu fiction by Umer Memon and Saeed Naqvi to identify translational stylistic features. The data for this paper consists of two corpora; the first corpus comprises Memon’s translations (TR1) and the second corpus consists of Naqvi’s translations (TR2). To validate the results, the paper takes Corpus of Canons of Western Literature (CCWL) as a reference corpus. Open class lexis is taken as a stylistic marker. All the three corpora are tagged through Stanford tagger (Toutanova, 2003), and the frequencies of open class lexis are acquired by using AntConc (3.4.4). It is found that TR1 and TR2 show almost the same stylistic qualities on the use of proper nouns, lexical verbs, past tense, comparative and superlative adjectives, and comparative and superlative adverbs. However, the variance occurs in the use of count nouns and proper plural nouns. This paper will contribute to better understand the stylistic features of English translations of Urdu fiction and the trending modes of English translation itself.
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Khan, Muhammad Asif, Asma Aftab Khan, and Aamer Shaheen. "“Negotiation of Difference”: A Study of the English Translations of Ghalib’s Urdu Ghazal." Global Language Review V, no. II (June 30, 2020): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2020(v-ii).04.

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The Ghazal is a well-known genre of Urdu poetry. The translation of Ghazal into the English language poses specific challenges. Translating Ghalib, one of the greatest ghazal writers, into English, is a special case under consideration. Several translators have produced their versions of Ghalib’s Urdu ghazals. The present study is an effort to evaluate the performance of six translators who rendered a particular ghazal of Ghalib in the English language. The study utilizes the distinction between ‘literal’ and ‘sense-for-sense’ translation as perceived by Nida (2000 [1964]), and Vermeer (2000). The translations have been analyzed on the basis of three research questions which encompass the aspects of the type of translation, the form of the Ghazal, and the poetic appeal. The study offers useful insights into the translation of Ghazal into the English language.
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Edi Suprayetno, Malik Umer Ajmal, and Marina Khan. "A Comparative Analysis of "Jawab e Shikwa": A Vinay and Darbelnet Model-based Examination of Two English Translations." Journal of Applied Linguistics 3, no. 2 (January 10, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52622/joal.v3i2.171.

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This research explored the translation of the Urdu poem "Jawab-e-Shikwa" by Muhammad Iqbal into English, focusing on two versions by Altaf Hussain and Frances W. Pritchett. The study employed the Vinay and Darbelnet model to analyze translation strategies such as equivalence, modulation, and oblique translation. The analysis revealed differences in linguistic accuracy, cultural relevance, and literary style between the two translations. Through a qualitative and quantitative approach, the study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of translation on the interpretation of "Jawab-e-Shikwa" in both Urdu and English-speaking contexts. From the Result of the analysis it was found that Hussain employed an oblique translation approach with techniques such as equivalence and modulation, capturing the essence of the original poem with a sense-for-sense translation. Pritchett, on the other hand, adopted a direct translation strategy, offering a word-for-word rendition that maintains clarity but may lack the nuanced impact of the Urdu original. Both translations effectively conveyed the overall meaning of the poem, Hussain's version demonstrated a greater adherence to the cultural and literary nuances of the original Urdu, providing a more intricate and contextually rich interpretation. Pritchett's literal approach, while clear and accurate, may compromise the poetic and cultural depth inherent in Iqbal's work. Keywords : Jawab e Shikwa; Vinay and Derbelnet model; Translation Technique
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Ali, Zahid. "Translation Challenges and Strategies in Urdu Translations of English Literary Text." Spry Journal of Literature and Linguistics 1, no. 2 (July 2023): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.62681/sprypublishers.sjll/1/2/5.

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Introduction: In the domain of literature and literary writings, where intricate processes facilitate cross-cultural communication, translation has been employed to enlighten and educate audiences regarding the customs and cultures of other groups. Significant differences exist between the source and target languages, English and Urdu, which consequently leads to the manifestation of the fundamental distinctions that inevitably influence translation shifts. Examining oblique translation strategies, including equivalence, transposition, modulation, and adaptation, this study conducts a comparative analysis of Elif Shafak's novel Honour and its Urdu translation by Huma Anwar, titled Namoos. Purpose of the Study: Based on Vinay and Darbelnet's (2000) model of translational shift, the purpose of this study is to examine the diverse translation strategies utilized by a translator when converting a source text (ST) to a target text (TT). The research objectives are further accomplished through the application of Vermeer's Skopos Theory of Translation. Methodology: A meticulous examination of the translation at the word, phrase, and sentence levels, in addition to a system of simple random sampling, followed by convenience sampling, comprised the data collection procedure. To ascertain the translator's application of translation techniques and evaluate their efficacy, the gathered data underwent qualitative analysis. This study investigates the general effects of the numerous instances in which these translational shifts are evident on the target text. The theoretical framework of Comparative Stylistics of French and English: A Methodology for Translation (1958), which Vinay and Darbelnet established, provides the foundation for this investigation. Where oblique translation and direct translation have been identified as the two primary categories of translations and subsequently subdivided into their respective subcategories. Findings: As determined by the study, to accurately convey the intended meaning and message to the target audiences, the translator utilized several translational switchboard operations and techniques. By employing these strategies, the translator has not only preserved the fundamental nature of the source material but also guaranteed that the translated rendition is sensitive to the cultural sensibilities of the intended beneficiaries. Conclusion: The translator has succeeded in producing an accurate and impactful translation that conveys the intended message by utilizing these strategies to surmount the obstacles presented by linguistic, cultural, and contextual differences. Overall, the study determines that the translator ensured that the text remained accessible and meaningful to the intended audience while remaining faithful to the original. In doing so, the translator performed admirably.
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Yousaf, Nouman, Izhar nil, and Shahbaz Khalid. "Assessing the Translation Proficiency of ChatGpt: An In- depth Analysis of its Language Translation Competence." Summer 2023 VIII, no. III (September 30, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2023(viii-iii).01.

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The study examines the precision of human and machine translation. Discussing these topics is crucial at this moment. Technology is an integral aspect of our daily lives, yet it has also led to some concerning issues. This essay examines the areas where machine translations excel and those that still necessitate human involvement. There are certain translations that machines are unable to execute. There are many places where only humans can translate texts perfectly. This study utilises ChatGPT as a translation tool, providing it with three types of random text: newspaper paragraphs, idiomatic expressions, and poetic verses. The best translation technique and the translation process of an AI tool are evaluated by cross-checking and examining the provided result. Is it reliable? It also discusses the role of machine translation and its impact on human translators. The study selected English and Urdu as its languages of focus. The target language is English, and the source language is Urdu.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Translations into Urdu"

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Abdullah, Sohail. "Hissār." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3145.

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Hissaar is a noun and a verb, it is the periphery and the extremities, and the walls and the fortress. And it is to encircle, to wrap and to contain. This paper is an inexhaustive account of thoughts, experiences and lessons learned, of varying forms that influence my aesthetic sensibilities, my art-value system, and my art- ethical concerns. They provide for my art the impetus for its perpetual (and perhaps circular) journey. It is about finding connections between the fraying ends of free floating ideas. The following fragments explores how words make ideas, ideas make images, images make memory; memory sets into architecture, architecture moves the body, the body needs pain and pain needs words.
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Kamran, Amir. "Hybrid Machine Translation Approaches for Low-Resource Languages." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-313015.

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In recent years, corpus based machine translation systems produce significant results for a number of language pairs. However, for low-resource languages like Urdu the purely statistical or purely example based methods are not performing well. On the other hand, the rule-based approaches require a huge amount of time and resources for the development of rules, which makes it difficult in most scenarios. Hybrid machine translation systems might be one of the solutions to overcome these problems, where we can combine the best of different approaches to achieve quality translation. The goal of the thesis is to explore different combinations of approaches and to evaluate their performance over the standard corpus based methods currently in use. This includes: 1. Use of syntax-based and dependency-based reordering rules with Statistical Machine Translation. 2. Automatic extraction of lexical and syntactic rules using statistical methods to facilitate the Transfer-Based Machine Translation. The novel element in the proposed work is to develop an algorithm to learn automatic reordering rules for English-to-Urdu statistical machine translation. Moreover, this approach can be extended to learn lexical and syntactic rules to build a rule-based machine translation system.
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Books on the topic "Translations into Urdu"

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1958-, Asaduddin M., and Pāl Jogindar 1925-, eds. New Urdu fictions. New Delhi: Katha, 2004.

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University of the Punjab. Department of French, ed. Frānsīsī adab ke Urdū tarājam: Urdu translations of French fiction : research & criticism. Lahore: University of the Punjab, Department of French, 2014.

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Naẓar, Prem Kumār. The silken knot: Urdu ghazals. Calcutta: Writers Workshop, 1994.

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Zaheer, Ahmed, ed. "Khalish": An anthology of Urdu couplets. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2006.

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1936-, Malik Fatḥ Muḥammad, Pīrzadah Sayyid Sardar Aḥmad, Shāh Tajamul, and Muqtadirah-yi Qaumī Zabān (Pakistan), eds. Pākistān men̲ Urdu. Islāmābād: Muqtadirah-yi Qaumī Zubān, 2006.

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1936-, Malik Fatḥ Muḥammad, Pīrzadah Sayyid Sardar Aḥmad, Shāh Tajamul, and Muqtadirah-yi Qaumī Zabān (Pakistan), eds. Pākistān men̲ Urdu. Islāmābād: Muqtadirah-yi Qaumī Zubān, 2006.

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Dihlavī, K̲h̲alish. "Khalish": An anthology of Urdu couplets. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2006.

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Dihlavī, K̲h̲alish. "Khalish": An anthology of Urdu couplets. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2006.

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Dihlavī, K̲h̲alish. "Khalish": An anthology of Urdu couplets. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2006.

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Kamal, Daud. Four contemporary poets: English translation of Urdu poems. Islamabad: National Book Foundation, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Translations into Urdu"

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Gupta, Vaishali, Nisheeth Joshi, and Iti Mathur. "Evaluation of English-to-Urdu Machine Translation." In Intelligent Computing, Networking, and Informatics, 351–58. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1665-0_33.

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Thornber, Karen. "Mashal Books as Cultural Mediator: Translating East Asian, Middle Eastern, and African Literatures into Urdu in Lahore." In Literary Translation and Cultural Mediators in 'Peripheral' Cultures, 157–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78114-3_6.

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Shaghaghi, Navid, Smita Ghosh, Fatima Ali, and Abdul Basit Ali. "An English to Urdu Educational Video Translation Pipeline to Reinforce Mother-Tongue Based Learning." In Services – SERVICES 2021, 61–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96585-3_5.

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Di Gregorio, Raffaele. "Position Analysis of a Novel Translational 3-URU with Actuators on the Base." In New Advances in Mechanisms, Mechanical Transmissions and Robotics, 80–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60076-1_8.

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"On Translating Ghalib." In A Life in Urdu, edited by Marion Molteno, 111–26. Oxford University PressDelhi, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9789391050948.003.0010.

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Abstract Ghalib is considered a difficult poet, even for Urdu speakers, and there are particular difficulties in translating his ghazals. Russell describes his joint work with Kurshidul Islam to present Ghalib’s life largely through translations of his prose writing. His letters, written to friends particularly in his later years, are lively and accessible, but other prose (mainly in Persian) was carefully crafted within traditional styles, which for modern readers is more difficult to appreciate. Nevertheless Russell feels it important to translate it in the style Ghalib chose. The difficulties of translating ghazals lie in the genre itself—highly condensed language (a complete meaning in each couplet), and conventional imagery which conveys nuances to Urdu (or Persian) speakers that need explaining to others. But while compromise is inevitable he feels it important to respect the form of the ghazal by remaining concise, and as far as possible conveying a sense of the metrical patterns.
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Caplan, David. "“In That Thicket of Bitter Roots”: The Ghazal in America." In Questions Of Possibility, 43–60. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195169577.003.0003.

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Abstract in 1968 the ghazal entered american poetry. the year 1969 marked the centennial anniversary of the death of Mirza Ghalib, a Persian and Urdu poet and one of the form’s masters. In anticipation of the anniversary, Aijaz Ahmad, a Pakistani literary and cultural critic living in New York, solicited several well-known American poets to work on a pamphlet of translations for the centennial. Because none of the poets knew Urdu, the text’s original language, Ahmad supplied them with literal translations from which they crafted their collaborative versions. Ahmad’s queries generated much more enthusiasm than he anticipated. His project expanded from a pamphlet into a handsome 174-page book, Ghazals of Ghalib, published by Columbia University Press. Several of the translations also appeared in major American and Indian literary periodicals. The book’s contributors included four future Pulitzer-Prize winners who already enjoyed a certain stature in the literary community: W. S. Merwin, Adrienne Rich, William Stafford, and Mark Strand. Moving from translation to original composition, Rich started “Ghazals (Homage to Ghalib)” in July 1968, only a few months after Martin Luther King’s assassination and less than thirty days after Robert Kennedy’s death.
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"An Eighteenth-Century Satirist." In A Life in Urdu, edited by Marion Molteno, 73—C5.P85. Oxford University PressDelhi, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9789391050948.003.0005.

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Abstract The poet Sauda features in Russell’s well-known book Three Mughal Poets. This article appeared separately before the book’s publication and introduces readers to his work and attitudes, through extensive examples. It gives insight into the role of a satirist at a time when the Mughal Empire was in catastrophic decline. Poets depended on patronage from the wealthy noble class, but despite this Sauda exercised considerable independence in expressing his views. The translations from his poems include attacks on incompetent self-seekers who controlled the empire; their extravagance; gluttony; meanness; the self-appointed censors of others’ morals; an exploitative hakim (practitioner of a traditional system of medicine). These poems reflect the fact that a certain licence was conventionally allowed to poets. Other poems reflect his deep despair at the fate of Delhi, his native city.
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Patel, Geeta. "Miraji's Poetics for Queering History." In Pakistan Desires, 100–117. Duke University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478027317-007.

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Born in Pakistan, the Urdu modernist poet Miraji began his forays into translation and lyric by scrounging for literary exemplars in Lahore libraries. Among them was the poet Sappho. This chapter turns to Miraji's essay on Sappho, a lyricist whose life and lyric was always on the move to speak about Miraji as a queer Hindustani lyricist-theorist who died in Bombay longing for Pakistan. Over the course of his essay, Miraji began to fold Sappho's voice into his own, asking, in the process, for hamdardī, shared solicitude, rather than veracity as a mode of belonging-knowing. Following his process of aligning the fifth century poet Sappho with Urdu modernism, this chapter plaits migrating texts as translations, routed through Lahore, flowering into the grammar of surmise, the signature of prophecy, to offer another telos-sojourn through which we, through Miraji, can imaginatively theorize queer archives, and queer histories.
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Christine, C. "Introduction to This Volume." In The Literature of Lashkar-e-Tayyaba, 1–18. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198883937.003.0001.

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Abstract This chapter provides a brief background to this volume, which offers English translations of a curated sample of Urdu-language foundational texts from the vast body of literature produced and disseminated across Pakistan and beyond by a Pakistan-based international terrorist organization known as Lashkar-e-Tayyaba (LeT) through their in-house Lahore-based publisher, Dar-ul-Andlus. It introduces the Lashkar-e-Tayyaba and the various front organizations it has spawned. In examining the tensions between Pakistan and India, it discusses the influences of the United States and its interests on their relations. It describes the methodology used to collect and curate materials for translation and provides an overview of each chapter of the volume.
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Cantú, Keith Edward. "A Vast Forest of Printed Words." In Like a Tree Universally Spread, 114–53. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197665473.003.0003.

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Abstract This chapter presents a detailed analysis of Sabhapati’s printed literature, bibliographic records of which span translations into English, Hindustani, Tamil, Telugu, Bengali, and Urdu. The chapter begins by considering various textual “stemmata” of Sabhapati’s work, the vernacular-language dimensions of which have never been previously considered by scholars. As a result, the chapter argues for the usefulness of a basic kind of text-critical method to better understand the various connections between Sabhapati’s literature and reception history. The three stemmata are then treated in depth, beginning with the Alpha Stemma of Sabhapati’s works in English with Sanskrit transliterations, the Beta Stemma of Sabhapati’s work in Hindustani, and the Gamma Stemma of his work for Tamil readers.
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Conference papers on the topic "Translations into Urdu"

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Kumar, Ajit, and Nitin Bansal. "Machine translation survey for Punjabi and Urdu languages." In 2017 3rd International Conference on Advances in Computing,Communication & Automation (ICACCA) (Fall). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaccaf.2017.8344667.

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Jawaid, Bushra, Amir Kamran, and Ondrej Bojar. "English to Urdu Statistical Machine Translation: Establishing a Baseline." In Proceedings of the Fifth Workshop on South and Southeast Asian Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics and Dublin City University, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/v1/w14-5505.

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Gupta, Vaishali, Nisheeth Joshi, and Iti Mathur. "Subjective and objective evaluation of English to Urdu Machine translation." In 2013 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icacci.2013.6637405.

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Rai, Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad U. S. Khan, and Muhammad Waqas Anwar. "English to Urdu: Optimizing Sequence Learning in Neural Machine Translation." In 2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icomet48670.2020.9074098.

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Saboor, Abdus, and Mohammad Abid Khan. "Lexical-semantic divergence in Urdu-to-English Example Based Machine Translation." In 2010 International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icet.2010.5638469.

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Tauseef, Huma, Muhammad Abuzar Fahiem, and Saima Farhan. "Recognition and Translation of Hand Gestures to Urdu Alphabets Using a Geometrical Classification." In 2009 Second International Conference in Visualisation (VIZ). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/viz.2009.11.

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Ali, Mohammad Naveed, Mohammad Aamir Khan, and Mohammad Abid Khan. "Computational theory of short distance reflexive anaphoric devices in Urdu discourse for effective machine translation." In the 6th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1838002.1838023.

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8

Ryan Aminzadeh, A., and Wade Shen. "Low-resource speech translation of Urdu to English using semi-supervised part-of-speech tagging and transliteration." In 2008 IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/slt.2008.4777891.

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Salgado, Oscar, Oscar Altuzarra, Enrique Amezua, and Alfonso Herna´ndez. "Modal Characterization of the Instantaneous Mobility of Manipulators." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35328.

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In this paper, a computational approach suitable to compute the instantaneous mobility of manipulators in any kind of configuration (either singular or nonsingular) using a general purpose software is presented. Although the procedure is applicable to any formulation of the velocity equation, in this paper authors have used a point-based jacobian formulation of the manipulator. The end-effector’s instantaneous mobility is analyzed, first discriminating among its rotational, translational and passive freedoms, and then computing its principal screws. Then, either its instantaneous screw systems or certain instantaneous pitch surfaces can be depicted. The approach is illustrated with its application to the 3-URU DYMO parallel manipulator.
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Carbonari, Luca, David Corinaldi, Matteo-Claudio Palpacelli, Giacomo Palmieri, and Massimo Callegari. "Functional Design and Optimization of a Novel 3-URU Multimodal Reconfigurable Robot." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67540.

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This paper presents the functional design and dynamics optimization of a reconfigurable 3-DoF parallel kinematics manipulator conceived for motions of pure rotations and pure translations. The main peculiarity of the device, indeed, is that of allowing changes of the mobility of its moving platform. The kinematic structure of the three identical legs is designed in a way that, when a particular configuration of the manipulator is reached, the transition between the working modes is possible through the reconfiguration of three metamorphic universal joints, which are used to connect each limb to the ground. This configuration allows to limit the weight of the moving bodies of the robot, with a consequent enhancement of the dynamic performance. The kinematics of the parallel robot is introduced in the very first part of the work as a necessary preamble to the optimization of the manipulator geometry, which has been performed in two steps: at first, the Jacobian matrices which characterize the two working modes were used as performance indices for the preliminary functional optimization of the device; subsequently, an optimization of the dynamic behaviour was performed to obtain a complete characterization of the robot in both its modes.
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Reports on the topic "Translations into Urdu"

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Aminzadeh, A. R., and Wade Shen. Low-Resource Speech Translation of Urdu to English Using Semi-Supervised Part-of-Speech Tagging and Transliteration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada519247.

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