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1
Dr. Aasma Rani, Dr. Aqsa Naseem Sindhu, and Dr. Sadaf Naqvi. "MUTUAL TRANSLATIONS OF URDU AND PUNJABI." Tasdiqتصدیق۔ 4, no. 01 (June 30, 2022): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.56276/tasdiq.v4i01.91.
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Human being uses language to convey their messages, emotions, feelings, observations and experiences to others. For this, language was used as spoken and written language, and different languages came into existence due to geographical boundaries and linguistic groups. And for those who know one language, commonly it is not possible to know another language. Human emotions and feelings are expressed in one language in speech or writing which the other language knower is generally unable to understand. Thus there was a need to translate this expression into another language which was called Translation. This Tradition of translation is also found in the Urdu language, Urdu is also influenced by international and regional languages and it has also had its effects on these languages that are why there is a wide and coherent series of translations of international literature into Urdu and Urdu literature into foreign languages. On the other hand, there is a strong tradition of Urdu translations of regional languages such as Sindhi, Seraiki, Pashto, Balouchi, Brahui and Punjabi literature, and a well-built tradition of translation from Urdu literature into these regional languages. In this article, we will discuss the tradition and importance of Urdu to Punjabi and Punjabi to Urdu translations.
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Umarova, Mohira Azim qizi. "UZBEK KINSHIP WORDS AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO URDU LANGUAGE." CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 02, no. 05 (May 31, 2021): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-02-05-24.
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There has been a great deal of research on kinship in translation and linguistics. Linguoculturologically, etymologically, it has been studied in relation to the words of reference. This article is also about words related to kinship and their translations into Urdu. It describes the methods used by the Pakistani translator in translating these words, and the advantages and disadvantages of the translation. In this article, the words kinship is studied more as a unit of reference.
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Jabbari, Alexander. "From Persianate Cosmopolis to Persianate Modernity: Translating from Urdu to Persian in Twentieth-Century Iran and Afghanistan." Iranian Studies 55, no. 3 (July 2022): 611–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/irn.2022.21.
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AbstractThis article examines twentieth-century Persian translations of Urdu-language works about Persian literature, focusing on two different Persian translations of an influential Urdu-language work on Persian literary history, Shiʿr al-ʿAjam (Poetry of the Persians), by Shibli Nuʿmani. The article offers a close, comparative reading of the Afghan and Iranian translations of Shiʿr al-ʿAjam in order to understand why two Persian translations of this voluminous text were published within such a short time period. These translations reveal how Indians, Afghans, and Iranians were invested in the same Persianate heritage, yet the emergence of a “Persianate modernity” undergirded by a cultural logic of nationalism rather than cosmopolitanism, along with Iran’s and Afghanistan’s differing relationships to India and Urdu, produced distinct approaches to translation.
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Qayyum, Assad, and Hafiz Muhammad Sajjad. "قرآن مجیدکے پانچ منظوم اردو تراجم کا تعارف و تجزیہ." Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies 3, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36476/jirs.3:1.06.2018.03.
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This research article gives a brief introduction and analysis of five Urdu translations of the Holy Qur’ān. Qur’ānic translations are an important source of learning and understanding of Qur’ān. In Urdu the translations of the Holy Book started in late 16th Century A.D. The number of these translations is in hundreds till now, which include translations in Urdu prose and verse. The first rhymed Urdu translation of the Holy Quran was written in the last quarter of 18th Century A.D. At present these translations are in hundreds, including complete as well as partial translations. Most of the translations are in rhymed form, while some are in free verse also. In this article five complete Holy Qur’ān translations have been discussed. Main aim of the article is to introduce the poets and their translations, as well as brief analysis of the translations. The translations are; Asar Zubairi Lakhnavi's "Sehr ul Bayan", Syed Shamim Rajz's "Aab e Rawaan", Seemab Akbar Abadi's "Wahi e Manzum", Abdul Aziz Khalid's "Furqan e Javed" and Qazi Ata ullah's "Mafhoom ul Quran". This article also explains how much the poets succeeded in presenting the message of Qur’ān. The merits and demerits of the translations have been highlighted. The article concludes that poetry, specially rhymed form, is not suitable for the translations of the Holy Book.
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Kamran, Dr Malik, and Bushra Noreen. "A Comparative Study of the Preference of Selected Words in Urdu Qur'anic." ĪQĀN 4, no. 01 (December 28, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36755/iqan.v4i01.335.
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As urdu translations are personal struggles of different scholars, so each translator has chosen Urdu words in his own way. And because of different mindsets and preferences of every translator, we find different Urdu words and phrases for one particular word of the Qur'an . They have written according to their intellect, so every translation seems different. These words seem to determine the divine meaning and the understanding of the Qur'an. The following is a comparative study of the Qur'anic translations of the Indian subcontinent, in which the selection of Urdu words is examined in the light of hadiths, relics, lexicons and sayings of commentators, giving preference to words closer to the divine purpose. And for this, representative translations of well-known sects of the subcontinent have been selected, including Kunzalaiman, Ahsan al-Bayyan and Ma'arif al-Quran. It contains selected verses from Surah Al-Baqarah, Al-Imran, Al-Nisa 'and Al-Ma'ida for commentary on translations.
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Muhammad Javed Iqbal, Masroor Sibtain, and Rabia Shahzadi. "Translational Style: A Corpus-Based Comparative Analysis of English Translations of Urdu Fiction by Memon and Naqvi." sjesr 3, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss3-2020(283-292).
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The present paper comparatively analyzes English translations of Urdu fiction by Umer Memon and Saeed Naqvi to identify translational stylistic features. The data for this paper consists of two corpora; the first corpus comprises Memon’s translations (TR1) and the second corpus consists of Naqvi’s translations (TR2). To validate the results, the paper takes Corpus of Canons of Western Literature (CCWL) as a reference corpus. Open class lexis is taken as a stylistic marker. All the three corpora are tagged through Stanford tagger (Toutanova, 2003), and the frequencies of open class lexis are acquired by using AntConc (3.4.4). It is found that TR1 and TR2 show almost the same stylistic qualities on the use of proper nouns, lexical verbs, past tense, comparative and superlative adjectives, and comparative and superlative adverbs. However, the variance occurs in the use of count nouns and proper plural nouns. This paper will contribute to better understand the stylistic features of English translations of Urdu fiction and the trending modes of English translation itself.
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Khan, Muhammad Asif, Asma Aftab Khan, and Aamer Shaheen. "“Negotiation of Difference”: A Study of the English Translations of Ghalib’s Urdu Ghazal." Global Language Review V, no. II (June 30, 2020): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2020(v-ii).04.
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The Ghazal is a well-known genre of Urdu poetry. The translation of Ghazal into the English language poses specific challenges. Translating Ghalib, one of the greatest ghazal writers, into English, is a special case under consideration. Several translators have produced their versions of Ghalib’s Urdu ghazals. The present study is an effort to evaluate the performance of six translators who rendered a particular ghazal of Ghalib in the English language. The study utilizes the distinction between ‘literal’ and ‘sense-for-sense’ translation as perceived by Nida (2000 [1964]), and Vermeer (2000). The translations have been analyzed on the basis of three research questions which encompass the aspects of the type of translation, the form of the Ghazal, and the poetic appeal. The study offers useful insights into the translation of Ghazal into the English language.
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Edi Suprayetno, Malik Umer Ajmal, and Marina Khan. "A Comparative Analysis of "Jawab e Shikwa": A Vinay and Darbelnet Model-based Examination of Two English Translations." Journal of Applied Linguistics 3, no. 2 (January 10, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.52622/joal.v3i2.171.
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This research explored the translation of the Urdu poem "Jawab-e-Shikwa" by Muhammad Iqbal into English, focusing on two versions by Altaf Hussain and Frances W. Pritchett. The study employed the Vinay and Darbelnet model to analyze translation strategies such as equivalence, modulation, and oblique translation. The analysis revealed differences in linguistic accuracy, cultural relevance, and literary style between the two translations. Through a qualitative and quantitative approach, the study aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of translation on the interpretation of "Jawab-e-Shikwa" in both Urdu and English-speaking contexts. From the Result of the analysis it was found that Hussain employed an oblique translation approach with techniques such as equivalence and modulation, capturing the essence of the original poem with a sense-for-sense translation. Pritchett, on the other hand, adopted a direct translation strategy, offering a word-for-word rendition that maintains clarity but may lack the nuanced impact of the Urdu original. Both translations effectively conveyed the overall meaning of the poem, Hussain's version demonstrated a greater adherence to the cultural and literary nuances of the original Urdu, providing a more intricate and contextually rich interpretation. Pritchett's literal approach, while clear and accurate, may compromise the poetic and cultural depth inherent in Iqbal's work. Keywords : Jawab e Shikwa; Vinay and Derbelnet model; Translation Technique
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Ali, Zahid. "Translation Challenges and Strategies in Urdu Translations of English Literary Text." Spry Journal of Literature and Linguistics 1, no. 2 (July 2023): 133–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.62681/sprypublishers.sjll/1/2/5.
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Introduction: In the domain of literature and literary writings, where intricate processes facilitate cross-cultural communication, translation has been employed to enlighten and educate audiences regarding the customs and cultures of other groups. Significant differences exist between the source and target languages, English and Urdu, which consequently leads to the manifestation of the fundamental distinctions that inevitably influence translation shifts. Examining oblique translation strategies, including equivalence, transposition, modulation, and adaptation, this study conducts a comparative analysis of Elif Shafak's novel Honour and its Urdu translation by Huma Anwar, titled Namoos. Purpose of the Study: Based on Vinay and Darbelnet's (2000) model of translational shift, the purpose of this study is to examine the diverse translation strategies utilized by a translator when converting a source text (ST) to a target text (TT). The research objectives are further accomplished through the application of Vermeer's Skopos Theory of Translation. Methodology: A meticulous examination of the translation at the word, phrase, and sentence levels, in addition to a system of simple random sampling, followed by convenience sampling, comprised the data collection procedure. To ascertain the translator's application of translation techniques and evaluate their efficacy, the gathered data underwent qualitative analysis. This study investigates the general effects of the numerous instances in which these translational shifts are evident on the target text. The theoretical framework of Comparative Stylistics of French and English: A Methodology for Translation (1958), which Vinay and Darbelnet established, provides the foundation for this investigation. Where oblique translation and direct translation have been identified as the two primary categories of translations and subsequently subdivided into their respective subcategories. Findings: As determined by the study, to accurately convey the intended meaning and message to the target audiences, the translator utilized several translational switchboard operations and techniques. By employing these strategies, the translator has not only preserved the fundamental nature of the source material but also guaranteed that the translated rendition is sensitive to the cultural sensibilities of the intended beneficiaries. Conclusion: The translator has succeeded in producing an accurate and impactful translation that conveys the intended message by utilizing these strategies to surmount the obstacles presented by linguistic, cultural, and contextual differences. Overall, the study determines that the translator ensured that the text remained accessible and meaningful to the intended audience while remaining faithful to the original. In doing so, the translator performed admirably.
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Yousaf, Nouman, Izhar nil, and Shahbaz Khalid. "Assessing the Translation Proficiency of ChatGpt: An In- depth Analysis of its Language Translation Competence." Summer 2023 VIII, no. III (September 30, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2023(viii-iii).01.
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The study examines the precision of human and machine translation. Discussing these topics is crucial at this moment. Technology is an integral aspect of our daily lives, yet it has also led to some concerning issues. This essay examines the areas where machine translations excel and those that still necessitate human involvement. There are certain translations that machines are unable to execute. There are many places where only humans can translate texts perfectly. This study utilises ChatGPT as a translation tool, providing it with three types of random text: newspaper paragraphs, idiomatic expressions, and poetic verses. The best translation technique and the translation process of an AI tool are evaluated by cross-checking and examining the provided result. Is it reliable? It also discusses the role of machine translation and its impact on human translators. The study selected English and Urdu as its languages of focus. The target language is English, and the source language is Urdu.
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Dr Ali Kavousi Nejad. "Prose Translations of Ghalib’s Persian Poetry." Tasdiqتصدیق۔ 3, no. 01 (September 27, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56276/tasdiq.v3i01.56.
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Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib is amongst the most eminent poets & writers of India. His poetry & letters, both in Persian & Urdu, remain a significant part of India’s literary history. Ghalib not only proved his command in Urdu poetry but also showed his abilities and mastery in Persian verse. He was proud of his Persian poetry and is rightfully considered amongst the most prominent Persian poets of his time. Many translators and critics have attempted to translate & write commentaries on his Persian poetry, both in prose and versified. Amongst these critics & translators, several individuals had the potential of taking forward the translations of Ghalib’s Persian Poetry into Urdu and produced many notable translations. In This study, we shall first introduce their translations and then present a comparative analysis of their prose translations to determine which translator was more successful in terms of considering all the minute textual details.
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Kanwal, Naumana, Muhammad Javed Iqbal, and Mariam Mushtaq. "Minimalist Perspective on Legal Communication: A Case Study of English to Urdu Translation of Punjab Laws." Register Journal 15, no. 1 (February 18, 2022): 64–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/rgt.v15i1.64-90.
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Syntactic choices and complexity reduction make translation communicative for the readers. This paper underscores the syntactic choices as well as complexity reduction in Urdu translation of Punjab laws in English. The study focuses on legal communication in a minimalistic perspective. It draws upon the theory of minimalism proposed by Chomsky (1993), along with the three-stage model by Nida and Taber (1969). Data is analyzed by employing Burton’s (2021) clausal analysis. The legal data used for the research comprises Punjab laws in English and their Urdu translation. The findings reveal minimalism as a useful strategy in the translation process for reducing structure complexity and making the translation understandable to laypeople. The study is beneficial to English-Urdu translators since it instructs them on how to make their translations communicative, especially when dealing with legal texts. It is also useful for academics in the field of Translation Studies who are working on minimalist views.Keywords: minimalism, complexity reduction, legal translation, syntactic choices, communication
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Zahra, Snober, Abeera Hassan, Abdul Bari Khan, and Hafiza Sana Mansoor. "Equivalence, Transposition, Modulation, and Adaptation in English or Urdu Translation of Shafak's Honour." International Journal of Linguistics and Culture 4, no. 2 (December 25, 2023): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/ijlc.v4i2.205.
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Translation is a complex process that ensures cross-cultural communication in the realm of literature and literary writings, translation has been used to educate and inform readers about other cultures and traditions. The source and target language English and Urdu respectively vary a great deal from each other therefore; the underlying differences between these languages become apparent contributing towards inevitable shifts in translation. This research comparatively analyses Elif Shafak’s novel Honour and its translation in Urdu done by Huma Anwar titled Namoos looking at oblique translation techniques such as: equivalence, transposition, modulation, and adaptation. This research analyses the various examples where these translational shifts are apparent and studies how they have an overall impact on the target text. This research is grounded in the theoretical framework postulated by Vinay and Darbelnet in their seminal work Comparative Stylistics of French and English: A methodology for translation (1958). Wherein, two main categories of translations have been identified: direct translation and oblique translation further classified as, direct translation and oblique translation. The study finds that translational shifts and techniques have been utilised by the translator to convey the intended meaning and message to the target audiences with minimal loss of essence.
Keywords: Equivalence, Transposition, Modulation, Adaptation, Honour.
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Zaidi, Ali Shehzad. "The Ghalib Translations of Daud Kamal: ‘The Nightingale of a Garden Which is Yet to Come Into Existence’." South Asia Research 40, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0262728019894760.
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Daud Kamal (1935–87), the preeminent English language poet of Pakistan, left behind many unpublished translations of poems by the classical Urdu poet Mirza Ghalib (1797–1869). This article presents and discusses several of these translations in the light of historical events during Ghalib’s lifetime. Although he endured many personal tragedies, Ghalib attained mystical heights that confirm his stature as the greatest Urdu poet.
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UMAROVA, MOHIRA. "Realias about food names and their translations into Urdu and, Russian languages." Sharqshunoslik. Востоковедение. Oriental Studies 02, no. 02 (September 1, 2022): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/os/vol-01issue-02-11.
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Non-equivalent lexicons are considered one of the issues of translation studies that attract the attention of representatives of translation schools of every country. This article also talks about the translation of words included in the list of non-equivalent lexicons - national specific words. The methods of translation of realities from Uzbek to Russian and Urdu languages are considered. The examples are collected on the basis of "Starry Nights" by P. Kadirov, considered masterpieces of Uzbek prose, and its Russian and Urdu versions, and G. Ghulam's short story "Shum Bola" and its translation into Urdu. Based on the results of scientific analysis and statistical analysis obtained in the process of cross-referencing the works, the author's version of the translation is also mentioned in some places.
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SADIQ, ALI HUSSAIN BIN, and ALI AYYAZ. "PROBING AMPLIFICATION, DOMESTICATION, AND UNTRANSLATABILITY IN THE URDU TRANSLATION OF SHAKESPEARE’S OTHELLO." Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE) 12, no. 2 (August 30, 2023): 410–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.61506/01.00024.
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This study explores the projection of amplification, domestication, and untranslatability in the Urdu translation of Shakespeare’s Othello by Anayatullah Dehlvi. The traditional approaches to translation are realized to hide cultural depiction and naturalness of language. They are regarded mathematically inflexible, which conceive one to one relation in languages. They are eclipsed and translation in the recent era is viewed with the lens of broader spectrum. In this descriptive study, the researcher uses the purposive sampling technique to select various extracts from the Urdu translation of Othello representing amplification, domestication, and untranslatability. The qualitative analysis reveals that the role of these strategies is enormously helpful because of connecting the source and target cultures. Nida’s modal of functional equivalence is used as theoretical framework. It is also realized that untranslatability is a cultural phenomenon, which sometimes crops up on the grounds of religion and ethics. In the Muslim cultures, translation of sexuality and nudity is categorically discouraged. On these grounds, it is recommended to incorporate these strategies in the Urdu literary translations to reduce foreignness and unpack the cultural discourses
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Omer, Aatika Khalid, Shoaib Waqas, Muhammad Tariq, Hassan Bin Akram, Muhammad Waqas Mughul, and Somia Faisal. "Translation and Validation of FLACC scale in Urdu Language." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 8 (August 30, 2023): 2–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs20231782.
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Aim: To translate and validate FLACC scale in Urdu language Methods: At the Ghurki Trust and Teaching Hospital (GTTH), cross-cultural linguistic validation research using non-probability convenient sampling was carried out for 7 months, from July 2021 to January 2022. Two native Urdu speakers with sound English language understanding, one from medical background and second from educational background translated the English FLACC scale. Two English-certified linguists who did not have access to the English version subsequently reverse-translated these two versions into English. These Urdu translations and back translations were critically analyzed and reviewed by a committee of paediatric physical therapists and paediatric clinical practitioners, and a final Urdu version was prepared. After approval of the final translation, this Urdu FLACC scale was applied in the post-operative paediatric population to assess its validity and reliability. After 2 hours, bilingual subjects were administered the English version, while others were again assessed with the Urdu FLACC scale to check linguistic interchangeability and test-retest reliability. Informed consent was taken and documented as well; this study was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. SPSS version 26 was used for data entry and as well as analysis. Inter-rater reliability was evaluated by using Intraclass correlation coefficients, which determines the strength of association and measure of chance-corrected agreement. The construct validity of the FLACC tool was evaluated by using ABC of content validation and content Validity Index Calculation. Results: The mean age and standard deviation of patients was 5.333+1.5599. The ABC of Content Validation Index, which yielded an average proportion of 0.97. The Cronbach’s alpha of translated FLACC scale is 0.701 when applied on population. Intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.319-0.701 with acceptable reliability. Conclusion: The FLACC scale's translated Urdu version shows good validity and reliability. Key terms: Consolability, Pain, Preverbal population, Validity, Reliability, neonatal ICU
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Fatima, Noor Ul Ain, Qurat-Ul Ain, Fareeha Kausar, Mian Ali Raza, Misbah Waris, and Sadaf Waris Pt. "Urdu Translation and Validation of Activities-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 12 (December 30, 2021): 3505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115123505.
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Objective: To translate and validate the ABC-Scale in Urdu language to predict risk of fall in older population. Study design: Cross-cultural Translation and validation Place and Duration: Study was conducted in older adult community of Sialkot from March 2020 to December 2020. Methodology: Translation of ABC in Urdu was conducted by using Beaton et al guidelines. Two bilingual translators translated the original version into Urdu language step wise, correction process was followed. Then two backward translations were done by language expert. After all this process, the translated version was reviewed by the professionals and the final version was applied on 15 individuals. Its reliability and validity was tested on 60 older adults. Results: For test re test reliability, intra class correlation coefficient ICC was measured with a value of 0.984 Which shows good test re-test reliability. The internal consistency and reliability of ABC was calculated by Cronbach’s alpha for total score with a value of 0.985. Content validity was good with values of CVI ranging from 0.767 to 0.955. To test the discriminative validity, independent t test was used to show the difference between the healthy and unhealthy adults. Factor analysis of UABC showed total variance 81.277 and cumulative variance was also 81.277. To calculate construct validity of U-ABC Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used and measured as 0.558. Conclusion: It was concluded that Urdu version of UABC is a valid assessment tool for older adults with fear of fall. It has good content validity, construct validity and reliability. Keywords: activities specific balance scale, validation, Urdu translation, reliability, tool translation
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Fakir, Jamil urrehman. "براہوئی ادب اٹ غمخوار حیات نا مٹ وبدل نا جاچ." Al-Burz 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54781/abz.v13i1.267.
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This research article discusses the translation works of Ghamkhawar Hayat in Brahui literature by closely and critically analyzing them. The article further elaborates the importance and role of fiction translation in promoting a language and literature and how the nature of translation has been considered a progressive step to strengthen the native education system. However, it is necessary that the translator should be well versed in the fundamental and practical components of the translation skills and be an efficient user the of target language as well as the translation language. This article focuses the qualities of good translation, particularly, it lays emphasis on fiction on which these translations are based. Thereby, it also critically analyzes the contribution of Ghamkhawar Hayat from Urdu fiction into Brahui literature and the coherence between the original text and the translated one. Ghamkhawar Hayat has translated a number of books in Brahui from Urdu literature having a huge contribution to familiarize the residents of the region to another literature.
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Bibi, Mariam, Liaqat Iqbal, and Zafar Nazeer Awan. "Strategies for Translating Idioms from English to Urdu: An Analysis." Global Language Review VIII, no. II (June 30, 2023): 400–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2023(viii-ii).32.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the translation strategies employed by undergraduate students in the translation of idioms from English into Urdu. To achieve this, a translation test was administered, incorporating Fernando's (1996) classification of idioms into three distinct categories: literal idioms, semi-idioms, and pure idioms. This test consisted of two parts: de-contextual idioms and context base idioms. Later on, an analysis of data collected from both de-contextual and contextual translations of idioms was analyzed employing translation strategies expounded by Baker and Newmark as the guiding framework. A significant number of students exhibited a lack of familiarity with the accurate use of translation strategies during the de-contextual translation of idioms, leading them to literal translation, resulting in numerous inaccuracies in their renditions of idiomatic expressions. Consequently, literal idioms are easy to translate but when it comes to semi-idioms and pure idioms, they get confused and lead to mistranslation.
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Ayub, Nailah. "Measuring Hopelessness and Life Orientation in Pakistani Adolescents." Crisis 30, no. 3 (May 2009): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.30.3.153.
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Background: To gain information on the attitudes and life orientations of Pakistani adolescents, the present study aimed at measuring hopelessness and hopefulness in Pakistani adolescents. Methods: The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS; Beck, Weissman, Lester, & Trexler, 1974 ) and the Life Orientation Test (LOT; Scheier & Carver, 1985 ; Scheier, Carver, & Bridges, 1994 ) were translated into Urdu and validated for use in Pakistan. Back translation with a committee approach was used to translate the scales. The translated versions were administered to 723 adolescents and young adults in Pakistan. Results: For the Urdu-BHS, all item-total correlation coefficients were significant and yielded a single component. The principal component analysis on the Urdu-LOT yielded two components representing positively worded Optimism items and negatively worded Pessimism items. The BHS, as well as the two subscales of the LOT, were found to be predictive of suicide ideation. Gender comparisons showed that the two genders differed significantly on Hopelessness and the Optimism component of the Urdu-LOT. Conclusions: The Urdu version of the BHS and the LOT are established for use with young Pakistanis, after translations, and reliability and validity analyses. The need for further empirical research is emphasized for understanding the concepts and antecedents of hopelessness, optimism, and pessimism in adolescents, generally and in Pakistani adolescents, specifically.
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Abbas, Qasir, Sarwat Jahan Khanam, and Riaz Ahmad. "Reliability and Validity Estimation of Urdu Version of Organizational Commitment Questionnaire-Revised." Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research 34, no. 2 (July 19, 2019): 255–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2019.34.2.14.
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Present study aimed to establish the psychometric properties of Urdu Translation of Organizational Commitment Questionnaire-Revised Version (OCQ-R; Meyer, Allen, & Smith, 1993). This process completed in three phases. Phase-I comprised of forward backward translations and then its linguistic equivalence was estimated with English version of OCQ-R on a group of bilingual respondents (N = 45). In Phase-II, reliability estimation of OCQRV including alpha coefficient index, split half, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was calculated on a sample of 360 respondents (165 men, 195 women) with age range between 25-40 years. Further, OCQ-R test re-test reliability was checked with one-week interval over 42 respondents. All indexes were calculated were found to be significant. In Phase III, OCQ-R validity estimation was established over sample of 310 participants using Urdu version of Job Satisfaction Survey (Spector, 1985), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (Petrides & Furnhm, 2006) along with OCQ-R. Findings showed that Urdu version of OCQ-R demonstrated significant positive correlation with Urdu version of Job Satisfaction Survey, Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale and Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. It was concluded that Urdu version of OCQ-R showed sound psychometric properties and emerged as a culturally valid, reliable, and acceptable tool.
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Younas, Muhammad, Beenish Pervaiz, Muhammad Irfan Janjua, and Babar Riaz. "Analyzing English Translation of Premchand’s Urdu Short Stories: A Cultural Perspective." Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Economies 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v4i2.2356.
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Purpose: The aim of this research is to look at the idea of mistranslation in English translations of Premchand’s Urdu short stories. The source text is Urdu short stories penned by Premchand and the target text is its English translation. Translating the culture of source language is considered to be one of the most challenging tasks faced by translators. The translators confront several challenges to translate the source culture.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The researchers use the model of Newmark in order to analyze the mistranslation from the cultural perspectives. It has always been a heated debate whether the cultural embedded ideas and concepts may be exactly translated into target language or not. Though the translators have been using various strategies in order to translate the culturally specific items both in form of material and expression, they are not fully successful in translating the cultural specific terms and concepts. These culture embedded concepts can be the religious beliefs or social dialogues that are only understandable for the source culture readers.
Findings: The study concludes that mistranslation occurs because of many reasons such as translator’s immature knowledge of the two languages, translator’s intentional use of mistranslation, cultural barriers, language differences on lexical level and ideological differences.
Implications/Originality/Value: The study also reveals that there are many problems in the translation of the cultural items both in material forms and expressions due to translators, incompetence intercultural pragmatics.
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Vasilyeva, Ludmila A. "THE OUTSTANDING PHILOLOGIST OF INDIA, S. R. FARUQI." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 2 (24) (2023): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2023-2-095-105.
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One of the primary conditions of our equal participation in the world scholarly community, first of all in the countries of the regions under study, is the awareness of our foreign colleagues and their works and academic activities. The article tells about one of the most reputed Indian philologists of our time, the recently deceased S. R. Farooqi. In the Urdu-speaking world he is known as an encyclopedist who made a huge contribution to the study of the Urdu language, literature and the culture associated with this language, and changed to a certain extent the direction of the development of literary criticism in Urdu. S. R. Farooqi was also a talented poet and prose writer. His works as well as poems, stories and novels have received prestigious awards and have been translated into foreign languages.S. R. Farooqi was an unique admirer of Russian philology among Indian and Pakistani scholars; he knew practically all the works of our famous academics that are available in English and Urdu translations. The names of Russian authors and quotations from their works can be seen on the pages of his publications. There is a translation of a passage from a well-known monograph by S. R. Faruqi at the end of the article, in which the Indian scholar shares his opinion on the book by our colleague, Prof. N. I. Prigarina about the great Urdu poet Mirza Ghalib translated into Urdu.
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Akhter, Irshad, and Sadaf Naqvi. "U-10 Literary essay writing by Dr. Saeed Naqvi." Al-Aijaz Research Journal of Islamic Studies & Humanities 5, no. 3 (September 20, 2021): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/u10.v5.03.105-111.
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Dr.Saeed Naqvi is a verstyle writer. He has also written essays besides poetry, fiction writing, translations and Novels. His essays are about all the fields of life. Most of his essays have been published in different literary magazines. “Nayee Basti” is an important litrary magazine of Halqa Arbab-e-zauq New York. Esayes of Saeed Naqvi have also been published in “Nayee Basti”.Saeed Naqvi is considered among those writers who enable to be prominent in Urdu fiction writing. While living in American state. He has also done. The task of fiction writing novel writing and translation of English literature into Urdu besides literary essays. Saeed Naqvi created literature selflessly and is doing creative work without desire of any award or appreciation.
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Muhammad Amir Iqbal. "بیا ضِ اقبال کے تراجم کا توضیحی مطالعہ (ہندوستان کے قابلِ قدر اقبال شناس پروفیسر عبدالحق کے حوالے سے خصوصی مطالعہ)." FIKR-O NAZAR فکر ونظر 59, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52541/fn.v59i2.1579.
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Allama Muhammad Iqbal kept a notebook in which he used to write brief notes on a variety of subjects. He titled this notebook Stray Reflections. First published in 1961 with an introduction by his son Javed Iqbal, the notebook has been translated several times into Urdu. These include translations by Iftikhār Aḥmad Ṣiddīqī, Miyāṇ Sājid ‘Alī and ‘Abd al-Ḥaqq. ‘Abd al-Ḥaqq, the professor emeritus at Delhi University, is one of the most prominent names in the Iqbal studies. Apart from the translation of Iqbal’s notebook, he has published several volumes on different aspects of Iqbal’s thought. This article introduces all the above-mentioned translations of Stray Reflections while focusing on the prominent features of the translation of ‘Abd al-Ḥaqq.
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Dar, Rida Khawar, Shoaib Waqas, Muhammad Tariq, Hafiz Muhammad Asim, Asifa Javaid, and Imran Ghafoor. "Translation and Validation of Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire in Urdu Language for Developmental Coordination Disorder Population." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 5 (May 27, 2023): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317528.
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Aim: To translate developmental coordination disorder questionnaire in Urdu language and validate its psychometric properties for cross cultural adaptation. Methods: This validation study was done at the Lahore College of Physical Therapy. The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) was translated into Urdu utilizing Bombardier, Beaton, and Guillemin's cross-cultural adaption principles. The forward and backward translations were completed by two separate translators, one of whom is a medical professional professor and the other an Urdu language professor. The final certified version of DCDQ-Urdu was confirmed by bilingual professionals. The validated version's reliability was then evaluated on 28 children with developmental coordination disorder. Results: After population testing, the Cranach's alpha of the DCDQ-Urdu version was 0.873. The inter item correlation of the DCDQ-Urdu for three domains, control during movement, fine motor/handwriting, and general coordination, with total DCDQ score is 0.386, 0.312, and 0.3002, respectively, and after population testing is 0.273, 0.303, and 0.397. The original English and translated DCDQ-Urdu versions had a significant association (Spearman's rho 0.951 p 0.000).Test retest reliability ranged from 0.504 to 0.721. Conclusion: The Urdu version of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire has good internal consistency and fair inter-item correlation, making it suitable for use as a screening tool for parents of children with and without impaired motor coordination. Keywords: Developmental Coordination Disorder, DCDQ-Urdu version, Motor skill impairment
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Dr. Naseem Abbas and Dr. Sumaira Ijaz. "“Tareekh Adab e Urdu’’ By Dr. Jameel Jalbi." Tasdiqتصدیق۔ 3, no. 01 (November 23, 2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.56276/tasdiq.v3i01.70.
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Tareekh Adab e Urdu by Dr. Jameel Jalbi, in four volumes, is the most authentic source to know the history of Urdu literature in the terms of research and criticism because the writer consulted the primary sources either in the form of books or manuscripts. Manuscripts are the primary source of research and historiography and it is not easy to have access to them but Dr. Jalbi did an untiring effort to gather and read them critically. He searched the Urdu manuscripts including Sheri Dewan, Kulyat, Masnavi, Dastan, History, and translations. This article is an introductory study of Urdu manuscripts used in compiling history. It also highlights the importance of this history in the context of its authentic research-based status.
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Liaquat, Abdul Wahab, Najam ul Hassan Abbasi, and Siara Ferdous. "Urdu Translation and Adaptation of Cornell Critical Thinking Test-Level Z in Pakistan." Journal of Professional & Applied Psychology 3, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 343–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52053/jpap.v3i3.123.
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This study aims to translate and adapt the Cornell Critical Thinking Test- Level Z (CCTT-Z) into Urdu language in Pakistani population. Phase-I of the study dealt with Urdu translation, back translation, and cross-language validation. Recommended protocols were followed for forward and backward translations. Results of cross-language validation based on a sample of college students (n=42, Mage=18.69 years) showed that scores on both Urdu and English language versions were positively correlated (r =.31, p<.05). Moreover, 45.2% of students reported the Urdu language version easier than the English version. Certain lingual changes were made to make the test more culturally compatible without disturbing its core structure. For the Phase-II, a sample of 367 students of undergraduate and graduate programs (Mage= 21.56 years) was obtained from colleges, universities, and a teaching hospital. The results showed that the test had a high difficulty (p=.38). Twelve items had non-significant point-biserial correlation coefficients and dropping them improved overall Cronbach alpha reliability of the test (from ?=.47 to ?=.59). Five-factor theoretical model and four-factor model (induction items removed) were examined through CFA. The test showed poor model fit and did not appear to have any meaningful factor structure. This finding was not unique as several other validation studies across various cultures also do not show theoretically predicted factor structure. The findings are discussed by examining the available literature on the cross-cultural validity studies done in several other countries.
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Asdullah, Dr Sajid. "Urdu Quranic Translations & Interpretations by Non-Muslims in Sub-Continent." ĪQĀN 1, no. 01 (December 31, 2018): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36755/iqan.v1i01.27.
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Islamic literary legacy is diverse and multidimensional in Sub-continent despite its being prone to religious b and the issue of migration integral part of Islamic literary legacy is the Quranic translations & interpretations. The main aspect of these translations & interpretations are the endeavors put forward by Muslim as well as non-Muslim scholars. Keeping in view the endeavors translations & interpretations of Quran, the non-Muslims minorities of sub-continent can be divided into two groups. The first group of part is based on the followers of Judaism, Parsee, Buddhist, Sikhism, Jainism and idols of Kalash whose translations and interpretations is not well known. Whereas, the second group endure Christians, Hindus and Qadyanis. Christians and Hidus consider Quran as non-revealed. Since the style of their interpretations is based on criticism and rejection in aggressive manner. Whereas the interpretations by Qadyanis are focused on religious polarized beliefs and ideologies taking into considerations Quran as revealed. That’s why Qadyanis interpretations are not accepted in Muslim community. The criticism by non-Muslims writers has resulted in rational approach for study of Quran instead of tendency based on esteem among Muslim. This paper represents aforementioned non-Muslims services regarding Quranic Interpretations and Translations which are distinguished in Muslims Interpreters.
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Khalid, Maliha, Syed Asadullah Arsalan, Sahar Fatima, Muhammad Musa Asif, and Syeda Nabiha Zafar. "TRANSLATION, CROSS-CULTURAL ADAPTATION AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF URDU VERSION OF FALLS EFFICACY SCALE- INTERNATIONAL IN COMMUNITY DWELLING OLDER ADULTS." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 11, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.11.2/015.
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Background and Aim: The Fear of Falling Scale (FES-I) was created to investigate people's concerns of falling. It has 16 elements that should be translated into comprehensible Language to avoid misperceptions. The purpose of this research was to provide an Urdu translation of the fall's effectiveness scale-International and evaluate its psychometric characteristics. Methodology: The FES-I was translated using Beaton standards. A final FES-I was produced once forward and backward translations were completed. Adults aged 60 and up from the community of Lahore's old houses were recruited. Internal consistency and test re-test reliability were evaluated. The Urdu version of the FES-I was compared to the Berg Balance Scale and the Time Up and Go Test to determine its validity. Results: With 100 respondents, the Urdu – FES-I shows a good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.989). With a Cronbach's alpha score of 0.989, FES-I-U has high internal consistency. The construct validity between the FES-I-U and Time Up and Go revealed a good positive correlation when Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated. There is a substantial negative correlation between the FES-I-U and the Berg Balance Scale. Conclusion: The FES-I in Urdu is a clear, valid, and reliable instrument for measuring fear of falling among older Pakistani community.
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Muhammad Asif. "Glimpses Of Civilization And Culture In Urdu Translations Of Novels: A Review." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 2, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v2i1.96.
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Every literature reflects the cultural, economic, political and social life of its age. The art of novel involves all these factors to the maximum. In that period when urdu reader was becoming more and more inquisitive about the western literature in India, a new society was shaping itself. Feudal system was degenerating and the capitalist society was taking place of the former. In this period western novels were translated, which resulted not only in the form of new values but also provided material to researchers for comparative study of societies. This research work is an effort to reach those means which will also provide a basic source for 'Urdu Literature: Pakistani Cultures and Globalization.
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Ashraf, Zuhab Bin, Shoaib Waqas, Rida Khawar Dar, Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Nouman Tabassum, and Qurat Ul Ain Sherazi. "Translation and Validation of Childhood Healthcare Assessment Questionnaire in Urdu Language for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 8 (August 30, 2023): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs20231785.
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Aim: To translate and validate Childhood Healthcare Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) in Urdu language and assess its psychometric properties for cross cultural adaptation. Methods: The Childhood Healthcare Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) was translated into the target language of Urdu by two independent translators, one of whom was familiar with the questionnaire's concept while the other was not, and the two translations were then compared as part of a cross-cultural linguistic validation study. These two initial translations of the questionnaire were blindly reversed, and the results were compared1. The pre-final version of the translated version underwent thorough psychometric testing in a sample of 38 members of the target population (parents of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis at Ghurki Trust and Teaching Hospital, Lahore) who satisfied the inclusion requirements. The final version was reviewed by an expert panel. Parents' prior approval was obtained before testing. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha for the Urdu version of CHAQ was calculated as 0.993 after testing on the population showing excellent internal consistency. For test-retest reliability, Pearson correlation ranged from (0.378–0.956).The inter-item correlation of the Urdu version of CHAQ after applying to the targeted population has a mean value of 1.177, a minimum value of 0.056, a maximum value of 4.00, a variance value of 0.723, and a range of 3.944. The scale statistics have a mean value of 103.55, a variance of 1462.37, a standard deviation of 38.241, and a total number of items of 88.The intraclass correlation coefficient ranges from 0.606-0.993. Conclusion: The Childhood Healthcare Assessment Questionnaire in Urdu is a screening tool for parents of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis since it has adequate inter-item correlation values and great internal consistency. Keywords: Childhood Healthcare Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ), Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), Reliability, Validity, Cross-cultural adaptation
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Liaqat, Qurratulaen, and Amra Raza. "Diasporic Intertextual Musings: The Relevance of Classical Urdu Poetry to Contemporary Pakistani Situation in Nadeem Aslam’s The Golden Legend." NUML journal of critical inquiry 18, no. I (June 1, 2020): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52015/numljci.v18ii.125.
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Anglophone literary works usually refer implicitly or explicitly to the culture, language and literature of authors’ native lands. Nadeem Aslam is one such author who makes explicit use of native language and literature in his fiction. Most of his works refer to classical Urdu poetry, phrases and extended adjectives to embellish as well as celebrate the rich legacy of the classical Urdu poetry tradition. Thus, intertextuality is a predominant feature of Aslam’s latest novel, The Golden Legend (2017). It is is not only an intertextual narrative but also an intercultural and inter-linguistic text because it incorporates popular classical Urdu poetry’s diction, metaphors and symbols. Aslam employs old poetic expressions and connects them to specific contexts of the characters in his novels. For instance, Urdu expressions like zamana and chaaragar are of special importance in the narrative structure of the novel. Moreover, the spatial structures of ‘garden’ and ‘Cordoba Mosque’ connect this text with classical Urdu literary tradition. Additionally, the English translations of many Urdu verses enrich the implied meanings of this novel. This study conducts a hermeneutic textual analysis of Aslam’s novel according to the theoretical frameworks of ‘intertextuality’ proposed by Julia Kristeva and Gerard Gennette. This paper contends that the use of Urdu language and literature is not random but a deliberate narrative technique that demonstrates the relevance of Urdu classical poetry to the contemporary socio-political situation of Pakistan. The Golden Legend illustrates the continuing relevance of Urdu classical poetry for present-day Pakistan and forges a new literary tradition of Urdu inspired poetic-prose in the mainstream contemporary Anglophone fiction.
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Ulhaq, Rashid. "Versified Translations of Persian into Urdu by Peer Bakhsh Peer." Makhz 2, no. III (December 31, 2021): 286–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.47205/makhz.2021(2-iv)22.
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Abbasi, Saadiya, Anila Kamal, and Sobia Masood. "Translation and Validation of Psychological Capital Questionnaire." Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research 35, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33824/pjpr.2020.35.1.12.
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The present study was conducted to translate the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ-24; Luthans, Avolio, Avey, & Norman, 2007) Urdu language and to establish the construct validity of the translated version. The study was completed in two phases. In the first phase, Urdu version of PCQ-24 was obtained after the forward and back translations as per the guidelines suggested by Brislin (1970). In the second phase, the Urdu version of PCQ-24 was validated which measures the construct of psychological capital. The sample comprised of 380 small business entrepreneurs (Men = 270, women = 110), taken from Rawalpindi and Islamabad with age range of 18 to 50 years. For this instrument, two concurrent models were tested through confirmatory factor analysis; the first model analyzed was for a four-factor structure. In this model, four subscales of PCQ-24 including Self-efficacy, Hope, Resilience, and Optimism were taken as interrelated factors. While, the second model was a hierarchical model in which four subscales were loaded onto a latent factor of PsyCap. Results established that the four-factor structure of PsyCap showed better fit than the higher-order factor structure. Furthermore, PCQ-24 showed adequate construct validity and reliability after excluding three problematic items (i.e., no. 13, 20, & 23) which were found to cause poor model-fit and lower the reliabilities. Overall, the findings show that newly translated Urdu version of PCQ-24 is a reliable and a valid measure in Pakistani context.
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Khan, Razak. "Entanglements of Translation." Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 40, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/1089201x-8524226.
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Abstract This article examines literary and cultural translations in the domain of thoughts on education by following the trajectories of intellectual networks among South Asian and German scholars. The main protagonists of this entangled intellectual history are Syed Abid Husain (1896–1978) and his teacher Eduard Spranger (1882–1963) and other actors who thought beyond British imperial educational ideology and practices. Husain engaged with the original writings of German educationists and translated Spranger's canonical text Psychologie des Jugendalters into Urdu as Nafsiyat-i unfuvan-i shabab. This text showcases a deep concern with the subject of youth that simultaneously exhibits immense potential but also shows glimpses of qualities inimical to national development. By drawing attention to how concepts, which are considered to be culturally and historically specific to German history, were translated into Urdu and Muslim cultural contexts in South Asia, this study seeks to arrive at a finer understanding of the entangled nature of Indo-German intellectual history that extends beyond nationalist frames.
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Mir, Mustansir. "SOME FEATURES OF MAWDUDI'S TAFHIM AL-QUR'AN." American Journal of Islam and Society 2, no. 2 (December 1, 1985): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v2i2.2917.
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Abul-A'la Mawdudi (1903-79) was a leading Muslim scholar of the twentiethcentury. He has written extensively on a variety of Islamic subjects.He wrote in Urdu, but his works, quite a few of which have been translatedinto other language, have exercised deep influence on educated classes,especially the youth, in many parts of the Muslim world. Though essentiallya scholar of the traditional mold, Mawdudi, unlike many other Muslimscholars, is alive to the problems of modernity as they confront the Islamicworld. It is this combination of the traditional and modern strains, and hisskillful exposition of Islam, that makes him one of the most widely read Muslimauthors of today.*Tafhim al-Quran ~ a six volume commentary on the Qur’an, is Mawdudi‘smagnum opus. It is not only a treasury of information, it is also a distillateof Mawdudi‘s thought. In writing Tafhim, as he says in the Preface to the book,Mawdudi has in mind the needs of those educated laymen who wish to understandthe message of the Qur’an but lack access to the original Arabic sourceson the subject; the word tafhim, which means ”to make someone understand,”aptly describes the nature of the book. The following pages analyzesome of the features of the work.A Modern CommentaryEven a cursory reading of Tafhim im would show that the work is a “modern”one. Most Urdu Qur’an commentaries present a ”traditional” look in that theylack methodical arrangement of material. Tafhim seems to satisfy many ofthe formal requirements one expects a book of this kind to meet. A typicalpage of Tafhim is divided into three portions: one for the Qur’anic text; onefor the translation; and one for notes. It is thus possible to read the translationuninterruptedly - a convenience appreciated by those familiar with theirksome pattern of interlinear Urdu translations of the Qur’an. The translationis presented in logical paragraphs. Occasionally, extended quotations areset off from the main text, even given in smaller print. Each volume has adetailed analytical index of subjects treated in the notes. There are 32 mapsof historic routes and important geographical locations, and 12 black-and-whitephotographs, most of them of buildings of Thamudan style of architecture.There are copious cross-references.Again, most of the Urdu Qur’an commentaries employ a highly Arabicizedand Persianized idiom that proves to be prohibitive to most common readers.Tafhim is written in a style that an average reader not only finds comprehensible,but also delightful. Tafhim has been called the first best-selling Urdu ...
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Orsini, Francesca. "From Eastern Love to Eastern Song: Re-translating Asian Poetry." Comparative Critical Studies 17, no. 2 (June 2020): 183–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2020.0358.
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This essay explores the loop of translations and re-translations of ‘Eastern poetry’ from Asia into Europe and back into (South) Asia at the hands of ‘Oriental translators’, translators of poetry who typically used existing translations as their original texts for their ambitious and voluminous enterprises. If ‘Eastern’ stood in all cases for a kind of exotic (in the etymological sense of ‘from the outside’) poetic exploration, for Adolphe Thalasso in French and E. Powys Mathers in English, Eastern love poetry could shade into prurient ethno-eroticism. For the Urdu poet and translator Miraji, instead, what counted in Eastern poetry was oral, rhythmic and visual richness – song.
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Metcalf, Barbara D. "Living Hadīth in the Tablīghī Jama'āt." Journal of Asian Studies 52, no. 3 (August 1993): 584–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2058855.
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The north indian movement of spiritual renewal widely known as the Tablīghī Jama'āt dates from the 1920s and exists today throughout the world. The movement's fundamental goal has been tablīgh: “conveying,” specifically conveying sharī'ā-based guidance. To this end, it has consistently used vernacular works based on translations of the Qur'ān and, especially, hadīth in its quietistic work of inculcating correct and devoted religious practice among Muslims. In this use of the vernacular, primarily Urdu, the movement has been heir to over a century of translation and subsequent publication of religious works. These publications, often in inexpensive format, have been produced by the lithographic presses that became especially common in the late nineteenth century. As in the Indonesian cases considered in this symposium, the 1930s and early 1940s were a key period for translating and printing influential texts based largely on translation of hadith. In this period, the reformists' printed texts not only reached a larger number of people but were used in new settings as Tabligh institutions evolved. Texts were never meant to stand alone and have always been secondary to practice.
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Zeb, Faiza. "Nominative and Accusative Cases in English and Urdu: A Comparative Study." Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 365–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2019.0704.0093.
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Languages show variations in terms of their syntactic patterns. Their comparison reveals the effective strategies to explore and illustrate the difficulties that language learners may come across in the course of acquiring any new language. This study aims at the exploration of nominative and accusative properties in English and Urdu with the help of Chomsky’s Case theory as first introduced within the boundaries of the Government and Binding theory in 1981. It effectively presents the properties of any nouns in order to be declared as either nominative or accusative cases in any languages. Along with the case theory, the researcher has used qualitative and further the descriptive and content analysis approach as applied to the few English sentences taken from the New Headway Workbook by Liz and John Soars, meant for language learners at Elementary level. The study presents the thorough analysis of few English sentences and their Urdu translations to highlight similarities and differences as present in English and Urdu nominatives and accusatives in relation to other parts of speech as these properties haven’t been explored by the previous researches instead the focus has been on ergativity in Urdu.
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Muhammad Asif. "Urdu Translations Of Pakistani Languages In The Quarterly Journal Adbiyaat: An Overview." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 3, no. 3 (January 16, 2023): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v3i3.71.
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Translation binds not only nations and languages but also civilizations. It promotes novel themes, styles and tastes put into practice by the languages and cultures from the target languages and cultures to enrich its resources and brings a new angle of thought. Pakistan is polylingual country where multiple languages are spoken. The translation decides the internal development of the people's nature and their spontaneous expressions in oracy and literacy and points out the mental co-ordination amongst different peoples. It creates an atmosphere of understanding which in turns paves the way for fraternity, unity and harmony across Pakistan. The three monthly journal “Adbiyaat” was introduced in June 1985 in Pakistan to promote Urdu and translation of diverse Pakistani languages. It is the first journal of Pakistan which gives much importance to inter languages translation in Pakistan. The basic objective of my research is to focus the services rendered by three monthly journal of Academy of Letters “Adbiyaat” in the promotion of translation among different Pakistani languages and literature.
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Muhammad Tahir Masood Barvi and Dr. Abdul Wajid Tabasim. "Saraiki, Punjabi And Urdu: Linguistic And Literary Similarities." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2023): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v4i4.154.
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Along with the historical, cultural, social, anthropological and cultural evolution, there is also a change in human attitudes. The scale of its expression changes and reflects the signs of globalization on human expression attitudes. In this era of globalization where land distances are shrinking. There, translations and fast-paced life have not only developed the languages, but the common vocabulary and genres of poetry and literature have brought the languages closer to each other. This background has brought Pakistan's national language Urdu and regional languages Saraiki, Punjabi closer to each other by influencing linguistic and literary aspects. Although these three languages are complete languages in terms of grammar and spelling and also have their own distinct identity, but due to the geography and script of the same region, they have linguistic and literary commonalities.
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Faria Shaheen, Dr. Ghulam Ali, and Dr. Kanwal Zahra. "Translating Feminist Identities: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Urdu Translation of Brown’s Work ‘The Dancing Girls of Lahore’." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(330-337).
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The present paper focuses on the construction and production of gender identities through discursive mechanisms during the process of translation. It also attempts to focus on the various discursive strategies used by the translator in the phenomenon of translation. The data comprise Louis Brown's book 'The Dancing Girls of Lahore' and its Urdu translation by Pakistani male writer and translator Dr. Naeem Tariq. The theoretical and conceptual framework for the present research is based on three dimensional model by Farahzad (2012) in the light of Critical Discourse Analysis. The data related to feminist discourse in both the source text and the target text is selected through the purposive sampling technique. The analysis of the present paper reflects the position of the translator through his lexical and grammatical choices in the process of translation. The findings of the present study reflect the position of male translators and expose the socio-political structure of Pakistani patriarchal society. This study provides various dimensions to explore feminist translations for future researchers.
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Zaidi, Ali Shehzad. "Towards a Socialist Pakistan: The Modern Urdu Poetry Translations of Daud Kamal." Socialism and Democracy 33, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2020.1743022.
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Anuradha, V., Saira Siddiqui, and Mariya Sheema. "Multilingual Composition in Translated Versions of Premchand's Selected Short Stories." International Journal of English Learning & Teaching Skills 4, no. 4 (July 4, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/ijelts.4402.
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Throughout history, written and spoken translations have played a crucial role in inter-human communication, providing access to important texts for scholarship and religious purposes. The practice of translating is longestablished, but the discipline of translation studies is new. In academic circles, translation was previously related to just a language-learning activity. The study of literary translation began through comparative literature, translation workshops and contrastive analysis. Translation studies have expanded hugely and are now often considered interdisciplinary. History of Indian Translation in Literature has always been an attempt to reveal the various facts of ancient and modern Indian literature and its effect on the contemporary scene of Indian literature in English. It also highlights and discusses the very nature of translation to the Indians. The notion of translation was encouraged during the colonial period by the British. The translation is culture related. The interpreted approach is the branch of translation which is also known as the 'theory of sense'. This paper aims to analyse the interpretative approach in multilingual composition and translated versions of works of Premchand's selected short stories. Multilingual composition in translated versions of Premchand's short fiction published in Urdu and Hindi and translated into English by different translators over a period of time. It focuses on the translating process, particularly on the nature of meaning as sense- as opposed to linguistic or verbal meaning and the nature of linguistic ambiguities. The resultant theory makes a distinction between implicitness (what the writer intends to say or means) and explicitness (what is said or written).
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Babar Hussain and Muhammad Ramzan. "Representation of Comical Traces In ‘Peter’s Articles." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 1, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v1i1.6.
Full textAbstract:
Born in 1898 to a learned family in Peshawar, Professor Ahmad Shah Bukhari became famous for his pen name Peter Bukhari. He was fluent in Urdu, Persian, Pashto and English. His correct pronunciation of the English language was famous. Peter Bukhari’s writings on Urdu language and literature were simultaneously humorous with essays, excellent critical essays and excellent translations, but they were not limited to the genres of literature but also became experts in journalism (serious, sound and broadcasting). Also called a diplomat. The great thing about him is that he does not allow his humour to be tainted with ridicule and satire. His humour is a pure mixture of humour and sweetness . There is not so much bitterness in it that it becomes satire and there is not so much open humour that it falls with seriousness. His subtle humour comes from his unique perspective. In addition to Peter’s fascinating essays and translations, many of his books have been published. He was a brilliant speaker, present-minded and a tycoon whose many amusing and interesting things are known. Apart from reading in the hostel, in memory of the deceased, dogs, Mabel and me, many of his interesting articles and letters are especially popular among the readers.
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Ahmed, Saad, Hasnain Shafiq, Yamna Raheel, Noor Chishti, and Syed Muhammad Asad. "Pakistan sign language to Urdu translator using Kinect." Computer Science and Information Technologies 3, no. 3 (November 1, 2022): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/csit.v3i3.p186-193.
Full textAbstract:
The lack of a standardized sign language, and the inability to communicate with the hearing community through sign language, are the two major issues confronting Pakistan's deaf and dumb society. In this research, we have proposed an approach to help eradicate one of the issues. Now, using the proposed framework, the deaf community can communicate with normal people. The purpose of this work is to reduce the struggles of hearing-impaired people in Pakistan. A Kinect-based Pakistan sign language (PSL) to Urdu language translator is being developed to accomplish this. The system’s dynamic sign language segment works in three phases: acquiring key points from the dataset, training a long short-term memory (LSTM) model, and making real-time predictions using sequences through openCV integrated with the Kinect device. The system’s static sign language segment works in three phases: acquiring an image-based dataset, training a model garden, and making real-time predictions using openCV integrated with the Kinect device. It also allows the hearing user to input Urdu audio to the Kinect microphone. The proposed sign language translator can detect and predict the PSL performed in front of the Kinect device and produce translations in Urdu.
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Saad Ahmed, Hasnain Shafiq, Yamna Raheel, Noor Chishti, and Syed Muhammad Asad. "Pakistan sign language to Urdu translator using Kinect." Computer Science and Information Technologies 3, no. 3 (November 1, 2022): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/csit.v3i3.pp186-193.
Full textAbstract:
The lack of a standardized sign language, and the inability to communicate with the hearing community through sign language, are the two major issues confronting Pakistan's deaf and dumb society. In this research, we have proposed an approach to help eradicate one of the issues. Now, using the proposed framework, the deaf community can communicate with normal people. The purpose of this work is to reduce the struggles of hearing-impaired people in Pakistan. A Kinect-based Pakistan sign language (PSL) to Urdu language translator is being developed to accomplish this. The system’s dynamic sign language segment works in three phases: acquiring key points from the dataset, training a long short-term memory (LSTM) model, and making real-time predictions using sequences through openCV integrated with the Kinect device. The system’s static sign language segment works in three phases: acquiring an image-based dataset, training a model garden, and making real-time predictions using openCV integrated with the Kinect device. It also allows the hearing user to input Urdu audio to the Kinect microphone. The proposed sign language translator can detect and predict the PSL performed in front of the Kinect device and produce translations in Urdu.
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Hadiya Ahmed Hani and Tayyaba Zainab. "The Application of Vinay and Darbelnet Model to English and Urdu Translations of Surah Ad- Duha: A Comparative Study." Journal of Applied Linguistics 3, no. 2 (January 10, 2024): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52622/joal.v3i2.176.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to analyze the linguistic features of three translated versions of Surah Ad Duha with the help of Vinay and Darbelnet's translation theory.The analysis is based on the seven translation procedures proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet, which include transposition, modulation, equivalence, adaptation, borrowing, literal translation, and oblique translation.The study examines the translators approach which reveals the original linguistic and cultural choices made by the translators to convey the intended message. The study provides tactics of understanding and translating religious texts keeping in consideration the differences in linguistic and cultural features, the use of rhetorical devices, sentence structures, and word choices, and how they contribute to the overall meaning and message of religious textsfor distinct audience. The findings of this research can be used to enhance the understanding of the linguistic and literary aspects of the Qur'an, as well as provide insights into the translation of religious texts. Keywords: Surah Ad Duhaa; VinayDarnelnet model; Direct and Oblique method