Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transmission de la politique monétaire'
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Bates, Samuel. "Effectivité des canaux de transmission de la politique monétaire." Antilles-Guyane, 2006. http://merlin.u-picardie.fr/login?url=http://u-picardie.cyberlibris.fr/book/10195420.
Full textIf the theoretical channels of monetary policy transmission to the real sphere are weIl defined, empirical doubts concerning their intensity remain. Thus, the aim is to suggest a new procedure to measure the transmission channels macroeconomic effectiveness. It is based on the creation of a causal intensity coefficient useful whatever the series of interest. It offers the ability to classifyat short and long term the transmission mechanisms intensity according to a hierarchical system. The identification of the determining factors in the change of the monetary policy effects on the real sphere is ensued
Bationo, Bassambié. "La transmission de la politique monétaire dans une Union monétaire : cas de l'Union Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UMOA)." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090054.
Full textThe objective of this work is to analyze the transmission channels of monetary policy in the context of a monetary union. We first analyzed governance, independence and transparency of the institutional framework for implementation of monetary policy. Using the model of Grilli et al. (1991), it appears that the BCEAO has a high degree of independence to modern central banks. Then, the estimated structural VAR models on quarterly data, in which interest rates are considered exogenous and other weakly exogenous variables, shows the heterogeneity of the effects of monetary policy in the member countries of the Union and existence of two main transmission channels namely the interbank rate channel and the credit channel. Our results confirm the effects of interest rate small-scale but significant on inflation and investment. The direct effect of interest rates on GDP is small and not significant. Finally, the study of the BCEAO reaction function to address issues related to arbitration between inflation and output in the conduct of monetary policy. The estimate of a modified Taylor rule, incorporating an explicit intermediate target of foreign assets, resulting in a trade for activity since the implementation of the reform of monetary policy in 1989
Aleem, Abdul. "Mécanismes de transmission monétaire, inflation sous-jacente et règles monétaires : le cas de l'Inde et du Pakistan." Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA131031.
Full textMarone, Massaër. "Systèmes financiers et canaux de transmission de la politique monétaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567708.
Full textBen, Amar Amine. "Les canaux de transmission de la politique monétaire en finance non-conventionnelle." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLED037.
Full textGoverned by a religiously inspired legal framework, Islamic banking is, in theory, different from conventional banking. While the literature on the transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in a conventional framework is abundant, very little research, theoretical and empirical, has been focused directly at the role of Islamic banks in this transmission. Indeed, the existing literature does not present a complete analytical framework allowing a full and clear understanding of the role of Islamic banks in the transmission of monetary policy, and to identify and specify the nature of the interactions between Islamic and conventional banks. The aim of this thesis, made up of three chapters, is to study by which mechanisms and to what extent the central bank is likely to regulate the economic activity in the presence of Islamic banks
Jeudy, Raphaël. "La transmission de la politique monétaire aux taux bancaires en Europe. Sa dynamique et sa détermination vues au travers de modèles univariés et multivariés." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100051/document.
Full textThe thesis is an econometrics analysis of the pass-through of policy rates and money market rates on retail interest rates in Europe. In a first place, the aim is to find heterogeneities or likeness in pass-through dynamics in the Euro area since the 90s: common structural breaks or convergences of the pass-through process in error correction models. The analysis of asymmetric dynamics with the use of threshold models as been done to underline the evolution of sign and size effects. In a second place, the analysis focuses on the determinants of the pass-through levels and speeds with the use of econometrics panel. Finally, the analysis is done on the yield curve transmission of the monetary policy rates with multivariate models (VAR,SVAR, VECM)
Ngniado, Nognou Edwige. "Incertitude et mise en oeuvre de la politique monétaire dans la CEMAC." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0014/document.
Full textThe experience of the recent financial crisis has strengthened the importance of the introduction of uncertainty inthe monetary policy design. This thesis has the objective to assess different implications of the uncertainty in themonetary policy strategy conducted within the BEAC. For this, we have evaluated the degree of independence ofthat institution and one of the prominent results was the requirement for central banks to be more independentbeside their governments, especially during financial stress period, in order to give more credit to policyimplementation. After an identification of different forms of uncertainty that may characterize the specificcontext of the CEMAC zone, it has appeared in our study that the heterogeneity problem of monetary policytransmission in this monetary union is the main source of uncertainty for policymakers. Through a simpledescriptive analysis, we were able to evaluate asymmetries transmission. The study reveals that theimplementation of an expansionary monetary policy, characterized by an increase of the money supply does notnecessarily provide the same effects from one country to another. Although the analysis of heterogeneity revealsheterogeneous financial structures, the heterogeneity problem in this area especially concern the transmissionlags of monetary policy, leading countries to adopt pro-cyclical fiscal policies in order to respond to shocks.These findings are reinforced by an analysis of the process of economic convergence of the members countriesof the zone through the multilateral surveillance mechanism, and despite the efforts in terms of integration, somedifferences still exist between those countries, particularly in term of fiscal policy
Kazi, Irfan Akbar. "Essais sur la crise financière, la contagion et la transmission de la politique monétaire." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100040.
Full textDepuis les quarante dernières années, toutes les régions du monde ont été traversées par des événements majeurs d’instabilité économique et financière. L’un des traits caractéristiques de ces manifestations est qu’elles ont non seulement eu un impact sur la santé économique financière et sociale de leur pays d’origine, mais aussi sur les économies étrangères. Cette thèse retrace l’évolution de la crise financière mondiale, démontre comment la plupart des pays de l’OCDE ont été affectés par la contagion, et met en lumière le rôle de la politique monétaire dans la propagation de la crise. Elle se compose en six essais. Le premier chapitre s’attache à étudier les corrélations dynamiques entre différents actifs et certaines variables économiques et financières durant la bulle internet de 2000 et la crise financière mondiale. Dans le deuxième essai, nous nous intéressons aux changements de transmission internationale des chocs de politique monétaire américaine. Le troisième essai adopte une approche plus économique. Nous y étudions la synchronisation des cycles, la composante stochastique de la volatilité de l’inflation, du produit et des taux d’intérêts. Dans le 4ème essai, nous abordons l’existence d’un éventuel «shift-contagion» lors de la crise financière mondiale et lors de la crise de la dette souveraine en Europe. Le cinquième essai aborde la dynamique intra-journalière ainsi que la transmission de volatilité entre Allemagne, France, et Royaume-Uni lors de la crise financière mondiale. Enfin le dernier cherche à analyser la volatilité de 12 marchés d’action
Mouffok, Nacer-Eddine. "La politique monétaire dans la zone euro : règles de conduite, objectifs et canaux de transmission." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA083865.
Full textThe European Central Bank (ECB), officially instituted on the June 1st, 1998, is conducting a monetary policy based on maintaining price stability in the euro area countries. But measures of monetary policy are felt their effects on inflation and the economy at the end of a certain period, since these effects go through several channels. Therefore, the transmission process of monetary policy are slow, complex and different from one state to another even within the euro area, which makes it difficult policy decisions of the single currency. The recent financial crisis in the euro area has highlighted the non-monetary optimality of this area. However, there are now signs that the euro zone is in very good way out of the crisis, although some economists argue that there is every chance that the crisis persists over time since the macroeconomic adjustment in the euro area will not happen without Hours or very negative consequences on countries in difficulty (rising unemployment, falling wages,)
Labondance, Fabien. "Essai sur l'Union Monétaire Européenne." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00677022.
Full textGauvin, Marie-Sophie. "Politique monétaire et secteur bancaire : instabilité financière et mise en évidence de nouveaux canaux de transmission." Phd thesis, Toulon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974605.
Full textGauvin, Marie-Sophie. "Politique monétaire et secteur bancaire : instabilité financière et mise en évidence de nouveaux canaux de transmission." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUL2002.
Full textThe aim of the thesis is to analyze financial instability. This latter is explained by its link with the cycle and the relation between the monetary policy and the banking sector. We highlight new transmission mechanisms of the monetary policy, especially the risk taking channel and the bank capital channel. The principal idea of the thesis is an eviction of the productive credit in good and bad times. After a survey, we build a theoretical model to capture the reaction of the banking sector during the cycle
Astier, Florence. "Le canal du PBPI : une analyse théorique et empirique d'un canal de transmission particulier de la politique monétaire au Japon." Lyon 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO22008.
Full textThe aim of this study is to analyze how monetary policy impulses are propagating through the FILP system and to show that the Japanese Fiscal Investment and Loan Program (FILP) system allows the existence of a new monetary policy channel : the FILP channel. .
Lacová, Žaneta. "L'influence de la politique monétaire sur les investissements des entreprises slovaques dans la perspective de l'adhésion à l'Union économique et monétaire." Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20009.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to identify the influence of the Slovak monetary policy on investments of the Slovak enterprises during preparation to join the European Monetary Union (EMU). Firstly, we identify the effects of the three factors affecting the development of the Slovak monetary policy : the legacy of the monetary policy in former Czechoslovakia, the economic transition and the European integration. Then we present the theoretical background of our analysis. Afterwards, we analyse the Slovak enterprises' investment determinants at the aggregate level, as well as at level of enterprises. The individual data of Slovak enterprises are used. The results show that the interest rate channel is very strong, while the credit channel does not seem to have a strong effect on the investments. Finally, we review the perspective of joining the EMU. It seems that asymmetry concerning the effects of monetary policy on investment can increase when Slovakia will join the EMU
Cielom práce je identifikovat vplyv menovej politiky na investície slovenských podnikov v kontexte príprav na vstup do Európskej hospodárskej a menovej únie (EMÚ). Skladá sa zo štyroch kapitol. V prvej kapitole identifikujeme pôsobenie troch faktorov na vývoj menovej politiky na Slovensku: dedicstvo ceskoslovenskej menovej politiky, ekonomická transformácia a integrácia do európskych štruktúr. V súcasnosti môžeme hovorit o jednote menovopolitických impulzov medzi Slovenskom a eurozónou, co ulahcuje medzinárodné porovnania. Druhá kapitola približuje teoretické pozadie našich analýz. Na makroekonomickej úrovni identifikujeme kanály transmisného mechanizmu menovej politiky na investície podnikov. Na mikroekonomickej úrovni zhrname teoretické poznatky o determinantoch investicného správania podnikov. V tretej casti analyzujeme determinanty investícií slovenských podnikov. Kedže tieto determinanty nie je možné jednoznacne zistit používaním agregovaných údajov, rozhodli sme sa využit individuálne údaje podnikov. Výsledky ukazujú, že náklady na kapitál sú najdôležitejším determinantom investícií v slovenských podnikoch. To svedcí o význame úrokového kanála. Na druhej strane sa efekty úrokového kanálu prejavujú velmi slabo. Ani segmentácia podnikov podla rôznych kritérií neumožnuje jednoznacnú typológiu podnikov podliehajúcim efektom obmedzeného prístupu k financovaniu. Posledná kapitola sa venuje perspektíve vstupu do eurozóny. Porovnanie financných štruktúr vedie k identifikácii troch známok divergencie: casová štruktúra úverov, konkurencia zo strany priameho financovania podnikov prostredníctvom kapitálových trhov a význam obchodných úverov medzi podnikmi. Porovnanie našich výsledkov empirickej analýzy s výsledkami analogických štúdií v eurozóne naznacuje vyššiu úcinnost úrokového kanála a nižšiu úcinnost úverového kanála transmisného mechanizmu menovej politiky. Možno predpokladat, že asymetria na úrovni efektov na investície podnikov sa vstupom Slovenska a ostatných krajín Strednej a východnej Európy do eurozóny zvýši
Kierzenkowski, Rafal. "Le canal étroit du crédit et la transmission de la politique monétaire : analyse théorique et application au cas de la Pologne." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090057.
Full textWe show that the bank lending channel can generate several regimes in the transmission process. It may either amplify or attenuate the effectiveness of monetary policy. On certain conditions, the direction of change in the spread between a loan rate and a riskless rate, a proxy of the monetary policy rate, contains a useful information for distinguishing different regimes. Empirically, we explain the effectiveness of monetary policy in Poland in the 90s. The weakness of monetary policy impulses between 1994 and 1999 results from a fixed exchange rate system, an attenuation regime and a demand-driven disequilibrium in the loan market. The existence of a stronger transmission since 1999 is linked to the adoption of a floating exchange rate system, the appearance of a neutrality regime and a supply-driven disequilibrium in the loan market
Mojon, Benoît. "Transmission de la politique monétaire en Europe : analyses comparatives de l'Allemagne, la France, l'Italie et le Royaume-Uni." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100083.
Full textElali, Mahmoud. "Transmission de la politique monétaire commune et hétérogénéité des systèmes bancaires dans les pays de la zone euro." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100027.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study the transmission of monetary policy in the Euro Zone, by treating the channels of interest rate and credit. The approach consists of combining theoretical and empirical approaches in order to empirically highlight the heterogeneity of transmission within the Euro Zone and the existence of the credit channel. The first chapter dilates on the study of pass-through through banking rates. According to results, the process of pass-through seems well influenced by the specificity of the countries of Euro Zone. The levels and speeds of transmission remain heterogeneous; the level of pass-through is incomplete in most cases and decreases during the period under study, in particular after the financial crisis. The second chapter is devoted to investigate the determinants of transmission. According to results, the heterogeneity of transmission finds its origin in the differences of the structure of banks, banking markets, and in the differences of banking integration. The final chapter examines the channel of the credit in the Euro Zone by distinguishing the reaction of banks on the basis of size, capitalization, and diversification. The results confirm the existence of credit channel in the Euro Zone, which proves to be even more important after the financial crisis, and also shows that the size and capitalization of the banks play a significant role in the reaction of the banks to the monetary shocks. This thesis produces new results compared to the literature and it shows that the pass-through resulting from the estimate of ECM model in one stage is higher for certain cases, as well as the credit channel seem to play a more considerable role during the period of the crisis
Nget, Sovannarith. "La Réforme Financière au centre de l’Efficacité de la Politique Monétaire au Cambodge." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22004.
Full textAfter three decades of the armed conflicts, Cambodia finally has the capacity to accelerate her economic growth and integration into the region and the world. The country must rebuild a sound financial system and put in place an effective monetary policy. We propose to conduct a study on the efficacy of monetary policy of NBC (Central Bank of Cambodia) while taking into account of the underdevelopment of the financial system which weakens the effects of the transmission channels of the monetary policy.Following the literature reviews which highlight the consensus of an effective monetary policy and different channels of transmission, we undertake an empirical review in developed and developing countries. The specificities of financial system of each county condition the complexity and the effects of transmission channels. Moreover, the development of financial system enhances the implementation of monetary policy as long as it enjoys public confidence. We thus emphasize the importance of the reform of financial system prior to conducting an effective monetary policy. Besides, the development of financial system links closely with that of the economy but it is likely to foster financial instability if the country doesn’t have sufficiently sound institutions. The success of the reform requires a number of preconditions such as macroeconomic stability, acceptable quality of regulations, and development of monetary market. The reform was put in place in 2001 (Blueprint [2001]) to develop a sound and efficient financial system based on market mechanisms; it could only partially achieve its objectives. It was revised in 2006 (FSDS [06-15]) to harmonize its objectives with the pace of reform which experienced economic, political, social and institutional improvements.In the current state of development of Cambodia, transmission channels of monetary policy are not fully efficient. We conducted an empirical studies based on Cambodian data to evaluate its effects. It seems that credit channel doesn’t have the impacts on economic growth but on general level of prices while monetary channel has positive and short-term impacts on general level of prices. Our study suggests the existence of a monetary channel and absence of credit channel. In a quest of the suitable monetary policy framework in the current context of the country, we analyze three forms of framework: inflation targeting, exchange rate targeting and monetary aggregate targeting. We also take into account of institutional aspects (independence, accountability, and transparency of the monetary policy implementation), communication strategy, and decision mechanisms of NBC. A monetary policy strategy based on monetary aggregate targeting appears the most suitable option. Exchange rate targeting framework seems to be a second-best option to absorb the excessive volatility and anchor the public expectations
Jebli, Sinda. "Une analyse de l'importance des facteurs financiers dans le mécanisme de transmission de la politique monétaire en économie ouverte." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1G009.
Full textThe return of financial problems for several years has led to a consideration of financial frictions in the New Keynesian models. This thesis attempts to analyze the mechanisms of transmission of financial shocks on the real economy, in the context of a small open economy. The first theoretical approach of this thesis shows that the central bank can be misled by relying on a standard model without the banking sector. It also shows that the implications of financial constraints are relatively more important for the transmission of financial shocks to the main aggregates of a small open economy. The second theoretical approach, which seeks to study the interaction between capital regulation and monetary policy, shows that the introduction of the debt ratio in the Taylor rule does not improve performance compared to a standard interest rate rule. This thesis also proposes an empirical approach to test firstly, the presence of a financial accelerator in the Czech Republic ad secondly, to show that sensitivity to financial constraints is different depending on the size of firms. The results show that micro-firms, more dependent on bank credit, show a strong sensitivity of their investment behavior to the costs of access to external financing
L'Oeillet, Guillaume. "Le rôle de la Banque Centrale Européenne dans la transmission asymétrique des cours pétroliers sur l'activité." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1G005.
Full textThis thesis deals with the asymmetric impacts of oil prices on the European activity and more precisely in the Economic Monetary Union (EMU). Prévious empirical studies stress the nonlinear effects of crude oil prices on output. Indeed, while rising oil price reduce economic growth, their decreases have no expansionary effects. We examine a potential explanation of the asymmetry : the monetary policy led by the European Central Bank (ECB). The supply shock that is an oil shock creates a trade-off for monetary authorities between inflation and output. The solution could strengthen contractionary effects when the monetary strategy targets the price stability, like the ECB. Our results suggest thet the ECB contributes to the nonlinear relationship between oil prices and output. Rising oil prices entail a restrictive monetary policy which amplifies the negative effects on economic activity. This reaction is however justified by an asymmetric pass-through of oil prices on the inflation rate which is the main concern of the ECB
El-Letaief, Ikbal. "Analyse économétrique de la transmission de la politique monétaire aux Etats-Unis : canal de la monnaie ou canaux de crédit ?" Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100143.
Full textOuédraogo, Seydou. "Banques et transmission monétaire dans l'UEMOA : effets des bilans bancaires, de la concentration bancaire et de l'excès de liquidité bancaire sur l'efficacité de la politique monétaire de la BCEAO." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF10364/document.
Full textThis thesis examines the double underperformance of financial liberalization policies in the WAEMU : the low bank credit and ineffectiveness of the monetary policy. Precisely it studies the impact of bank resilience on bank lending and on the monetary transmission.The thesis provides the following results : 1/ bank balance sheets alter the monetary transmission, small banks, less capitalized and less liquid banks, transmit more fully the monetary shocks 2/ bank concentration weakens the bank lending to the economy and the monetary policy effectiveness 3/ excess liquidity hampers bank lending and reduces the effectiveness of monetary transmission 4/ excess liquidity is related to bank concentration.The recommendations deal with the banking regulation, the strengthening of monetary policy as well as strategies for financial development
Beguy, Olivier. "Trois essais sur la surliquidité bancaire dans la communauté économique et monétaire d'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC)." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF10374/document.
Full textThis thesis is based on three essays focused on analysis of the excess liquidity in the CEMAC countries. The first one identifies the determinants of excess liquidity in developing countries by studying the case of CEMAC member countries from 1985 to 2002. The GMM estimator used has shown that the excess liquidity in Central Africa derived from both the prudence of commercial banks and exogenous factors. The precaution of Commercial Banks can be explained by the financial crisis in 1980s, the restructuring of the banking system, the instability of deposits and a very risky economic environment. The increasing in oil prices fueling excess reserves due to the low absorption capacity of countries in the region. In the second essay, it was discussed the transmission channels in Central Africa. The VAR model used has shown that the interest rate channel is the lowest. This is exactly the lack of a financial market that does not allow ensuring the function of the recycling of liquidity and the transmission of mone ary policy. At the last essay, it was developed a forecasting model of inflation in Chad which is member of CEMAC countries. BVAR models have been shown in Chad to be more effective than traditional tools (AR, ARIMA and VAR). A sensitivity analysis undertaken by the Bayesian approach indicates that the excess liquidity would exert inflationary pressures
Semenescu-Badarau, Florina-Cristina. "Politiques macroéconomiques et disparités régionales dans la zone Euro." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473690.
Full textRamos-Tallada, Julio. "Les risques de bilan bancaires dans le canal étroit du crédit : micro-fondements de la transmission de la politique monétaire et illustration par le comportement des banques au Brésil." Paris 9, 2010. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090040.
Full textLa capacité de la politique monétaire à provoquer des déplacements de l’offre de prêts bancaires est la condition la plus controversée de la transmission via le canal étroit. Cette thèse analyse comment la gestion des principaux risques de bilan affecte les choix des banques confrontées à un choc monétaire. Le courant dominant avance une logique de précaution : la transmission est amplifiée par des contraintes de liquidité, résultant des frictions sur les marchés de capitaux. Or, nous montrons que certaines imperfections tendent à atténuer la réponse des banques à un choc aléatoire sur leur base de dépôts. Nous proposons ensuite une approche basée sur l’optimisation conjointe des risques de crédit, de marché et de taux d’intérêt. Ce motif de diversification gouverne la réponse des banques aux impulsions monétaires même lorsque leur risque de liquidité est faible. Le cas du Brésil en est une bonne illustration. Les crises monétaires passées ont façonné les structures financières : les banques émettent une ample gamme de substituts de la monnaie et détiennent une proportion élevée de titres/crédit. Dans ce cas de figure, nos résultats suggèrent qu’une réduction de la volatilité des taux courts et un allongement des maturités des titres peuvent améliorer l’efficacité de la transmission
Park, Hyung-Geun. "Trois essais empiriques sur les canaux de transmission entre secteurs réel et financier en Corée du Sud." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100064/document.
Full textThis thesis consists of three Articles that fit into the same issue on the interrelationships between the financial and real sectors in South Korea. Our empirical analysis has verified the correct functioning of certain components of the transmission mechanism between the financial and real sectors. Firstly, we found that the bank lending channel has functioned as one of the transmission channels of monetary policy (Chapter 1). Then, we verified empirically that the capitalization of banks is an important factor in the transmission of monetary policy shocks (Chapter 2). Finally, our analysis of the interaction between property prices and bank lending has shown that there is a long-term relationship between property prices and bank lending (Chapter 3). As empirically verified in our analysis, the financial sector and the real sector are closely linked through shocks, either financial or real. The results highlight the following points vis-à-vis the monetary policy and macroprudential policy. First, it is important that monetary policy takes into account the capital regulation and its effect on the economy. Second, taking into account the fact that the mortgage is very closely linked to the economic situation in Korea, macroprudential policy instruments is required to reduce procyclicality. The central bank and the supervisory authority can collaborate to develop these instruments
Semenescu-Badarau, Florina-Cristina. "Politiques macroéconomiques et disparités régionales dans la zone Euro." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE0505.
Full textAfter ten years of using the common currency, national divergences in the euro area are persistent and the economic growth is slower than expected. This manuscript is focusing on the use of inappropriate economic policies as potential reason for such empirical facts. It tries to reconsider the monetary and fiscal policy definition in a heterogeneous monetary union, with asymmetric monetary transmission. Three different models were developed in this work. The first one studies the monetary policy in a Barro-Gordon traditional framework, by using a game among the central bank and the different agents of the Union. The second model appeals to the interaction between monetary and fiscal policies, in order to guarantee stable economic conditions. It proposes a dynamic analysis of an asymmetric monetary Union, in a neo-keynesian framework, modified to take into account an interest rate rule for the monetary policy. The last model analyzes the importance of the previously mentioned policies for stabilizing shocks, using a DSGE model. The overall conclusions suggest that a monetary policy oriented to the reduction of the national divergences would be beneficial for the Union only if the central bank is simultaneously adverse to inflation and output divergences. If the central bank is only concerned by inflation divergences, and disregards the output differentials, the monetary policy could be counterproductive. The national policies are the main means of reducing asymmetries. They should be rigorously conducted, and must take into account the structural asymmetries in the Union. The public announcement of the national fiscal rules could be a solution for increasing the policies’ transparency and for improving their efficiency
Picault, Matthieu. "Three essays on the transmission of monetary policy in the euro area." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0136.
Full textAfter September 2008, due to a frozen interbank market, shortage of liquidity, loss of confidence, and collapsing financial institutions, the monetary policy transmission in the euro area was severely impaired. Under thus exceptional circumstances, the European Central Bank (ECB) had to turn to non-standard monetary policy measures. Considering, in the euro area, the constrained range of actions and fragmented financial markets, the objective of this empirical thesis is to assess the transmission channels of ECB standard and non-standard monetary policies and their effects on both financial markets and the economy.As banks’ lending behaviors are related to their financing costs, the first essay focuses on bank lending channel. It studies the evolution of lending activities of European financial institutions on the syndicated loan market and its reaction to the ECB standard and non-standard policies. The communication of the central bank is of utmost importance in a monetary union with heterogeneous, in terms of economic situations and cultures, countries. The second and third essays study the signaling channel of monetary policy. The second essay focuses on the communication during monthly press conferences and their effects on the predictability of monetary policy decisions and on financial markets returns and volatility. The last essay concentrates exclusively on the use of \textit{forward guidance} on interest rate, a non-standard central bank communication providing information on future short-term interest rates. It discusses its effectiveness and ability to lower market participants expected interest rates
De, Menna Bruno. "Essays on the Risk-Taking Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission in the Euro Area." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU10021.
Full textThe thesis contributes to recurrent debates in the macroeconomics of banking regarding the risk-taking channel of monetary policy. As the unifying theme of the present essays, I tackle this issue from three different angles with a special focus on the euro area. I rely on available data and different identification strategies to deliver up-to-date empirical evidence contributing to a deeper understanding of the monetary policy impacts on credit risk. In the first chapter of the thesis, I investigate how the risk-taking channel of monetary policy interacts with the degree of leverage in banks' balance sheets after the Global Financial Crisis of 2008 (GFC). Using dynamic panel techniques, I first find significant statistical evidence that credit risk is negatively associated with variations in interest rates, while competition in national banking industries tends to enhance this effect. I also suggest that this negative relationship is most pronounced for banks with relatively high levels of leverage, which is consistent with a ‘‘search for yield’’ effect. These results for the euro area are strikingly different from the U.S. banking industry, confirming that time, geographical circumstances, and local banking market conditions are key in understanding the impact of monetary policy on credit risk. The second chapter investigates the joint impact of bank capital and funding liquidity on the monetary policy's risk-taking channel. Using data on the euro area from 1999 to 2018 and triple interactions between monetary policy, bank equity, and funding liquidity, I shed light on a ‘‘crowding-out of deposits’’ effect prior to the GFC, which supports the need for simultaneous capital and funding liquidity ratios to mitigate the monetary transmission to bank credit risk. Interestingly, the analysis also highlights a missing crowding-out of deposits effect among low-efficiency banks in the aftermath of the GFC. Consequently, a trade-off arises between financial stability and increased funding liquidity, requiring a special treatment for inefficient banks operating in a low interest rate environment. These results challenge the implementation of uniform funding liquidity requirements across the euro area as by the Basel III framework suggests. The third and last chapter extends the analysis to the special case of cooperative banks and relationship lending in the euro area. These financial intermediaries tell a different story between countries and therefore imply different responses to a common monetary policy. Accordingly, I find no evidence of the presence of a risk-taking channel of monetary policy for consolidated (i.e., less committed to relationship lending) cooperative banks, whereas the results indicate extensive evidence of a risk-taking channel in the euro area for non-cooperative banks (see also the previous chapters of the thesis). Therefore, consolidated cooperative banks seem not to raise their credit risk significantly when monetary policy is eased. Further, I highlight that the profitability of cooperative banks preserving their relationship lending model is more severely hit by a low interest rate environment compared to cooperative banks opting for consolidation. This finding raises issues on the mid-term durability of relationship lending as interest rates have been low for an extended period in the European banking industry. I ultimately find that both non-cooperative banks and relationship-based cooperative banks are concerned about the risk-taking channel of monetary policy transmission, which results in an increase in their credit risk under accommodating monetary conditions. Nevertheless, I suggest that such similarities do not exist for the same reasons, as relationship lending is associated with a fundamentally different lending process than transactions-based lending technologies, which devote significantly lower proportions of their assets to lending to small businesses
Lunven, Sandrine. "Determinants and transmission of monetary policy in China." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2016/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to enhance the understanding of the determinants and the transmission mechanisms of monetary policy in China over the last two decades. It contributes to the literature providing two new composite measures of monetary policy in China based on alternative approaches, one combining the large range of monetary policy instruments and the other based on central bank speeches. Both prove to be essential to take into account the complex and adaptive behavior of the People’s Bank of China (PBC). Our instrument-based monetary policy index emphasizes substantial changes in policy style towards smoother but more hawkish policy moves from 2002 onwards, consistent with the start of the mandate of Governor Zhou Xiaochuan, the interest rate liberalization process and the increasing trade and financial opening. Moreover, the estimation of a discrete-choice model implies a conduct of monetary policy characterized by an inflation-accommodating policy before 2002 and an implicit inflation targeting from 2002 onwards, which respectively resembles that of pre-1979 and post-1979 policy of the G3. Our thesis examines the deformation of the bond yield curve over the last decade to evaluate monetary policy transmission mechanisms. While regulated interest rates can hamper the use of the yield curve as benchmark for pricing risk, the latter moves in line with the other instruments, the macroeconomic situation, and increasingly to central bank communication, a crucial step toward a market oriented system. Finally, US monetary policy significantly affects monetary policy determinants and transmission mechanisms in China, particularly from its WTO accession in 2001
Picault, Matthieu. "Three essays on the transmission of monetary policy in the euro area." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0136/document.
Full textAfter September 2008, due to a frozen interbank market, shortage of liquidity, loss of confidence, and collapsing financial institutions, the monetary policy transmission in the euro area was severely impaired. Under thus exceptional circumstances, the European Central Bank (ECB) had to turn to non-standard monetary policy measures. Considering, in the euro area, the constrained range of actions and fragmented financial markets, the objective of this empirical thesis is to assess the transmission channels of ECB standard and non-standard monetary policies and their effects on both financial markets and the economy.As banks’ lending behaviors are related to their financing costs, the first essay focuses on bank lending channel. It studies the evolution of lending activities of European financial institutions on the syndicated loan market and its reaction to the ECB standard and non-standard policies. The communication of the central bank is of utmost importance in a monetary union with heterogeneous, in terms of economic situations and cultures, countries. The second and third essays study the signaling channel of monetary policy. The second essay focuses on the communication during monthly press conferences and their effects on the predictability of monetary policy decisions and on financial markets returns and volatility. The last essay concentrates exclusively on the use of \textit{forward guidance} on interest rate, a non-standard central bank communication providing information on future short-term interest rates. It discusses its effectiveness and ability to lower market participants expected interest rates
Beguy, Olivier. "TROIS ESSAIS SUR LA SURLIQUITÉ BANCAIRE DANS LA COMMUNAUTE ECONOMIQUE ET MONETAIRE D'AFRIQUE CENTRALE (CEMAC)." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679471.
Full textNguyen, Hoang-Sang. "Three essays on the relation between trade and business cycle synchronization." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1G014.
Full textThis dissertation studies the impacts of bilateral trade on business cycle synchronization. First, the chapter 1 examines the relation between trade integration and business cycle interdependences in the European Union. The results obtained indicate that the accession to the European Union and the adoption of the euro enable the Central and Eastern European Countries to amplify the effects of trade on macroeconomic interdependences and to integrate more rapidly into the euro area. Second, the research focuses on the trade-comovement puzzle, according to which theoretical models are unable to replicate trade effects on business cycle correlations as strong as those estimated by empirical studies. By decomposing the bilateral trade into the intensive margin and extensive margin, I find that the extensive margin of trade not only increases the correlation of Total Factor Productivity (TFP) between trading partners but also increases the correlation between each country's shares of domestic goods. This result emphasizes that new exported products transmit TFP shocks and improve instead of deteriorating the terms-of-trade. Therefore, the extensive margin of trade should be integrated into theoretical models to solve the puzzle. Third, in chapter 3, I find that news TFP shocks, in combination with bilateral trade, are an important source of the international business cycle instead of contemporaneous TFP shocks. As a result, countries should focus on bilateral trade with innovative and technology-diffusing countries in order to benefit from economic booms generated by the news productivity shock
Tahir, Muhammad Naveed. "Essays on Inflation Dynamics and Monetary Policy in a Globalized World." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO22025/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to analyze the impact of globalization on the dynamics of inflation and monetary policy in a globalized world. It consists of three essays.In the first essay we investigate the impact of financial globalization on the behaviour of inflation targeting emerging market economies with respect to exchange rate – Do central banks respond to exchange rate movements or not? We use quarterly data for six emerging market inflation targeting economies from the date of their inflation targeting adoption to 2009 Q4. The chapter uses small open economy new Keynesian model à la Gali and Monacelli (2005), and employs multi-equation GMM technique to investigate the relationship. We find that the response of central bank to the exchange rate in case of Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Thailand is statistically significant while insignificant for Korea and Czech Republic. Theoretically, it should not be so as even under flexible inflation targeting central bank responds to inflation deviation and output gap; we think that the peculiar characteristics of emerging markets, like fear of floating, weak financial system and low level of central bank credibility make exchange rate important for these economies. In the second essay we investigate empirically the relative importance of monetary transmission channels for Brazil, Chile and Korea. This chapter uses monthly data from the inception of inflation targeting regime to 2009 M12. We use a SVAR model incorporating the main monetary transmission channels combined together instead of individual channels in isolation. The empirical results indicate that the exchange rate channel and the share price channel have higher relative importance than the traditional interest rate and credit channel for industrial production. The results are not much different in case of inflation, except for Korea. The high ranking of exchange rate and share price channel is in line with the results by Gudmundsson (2007), which finds that exchange rate channel might have overburdened in the wake of financial globalization.In the third chapter we investigate empirically the role of openness – real and financial – on the inflation dynamics of Brazil, Chile and Korea. The chapter uses monthly data from the inception of inflation targeting regime to the end month of 2009. In this chapter we employ the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique. We use imports to GDP ratio as an indicator for real openness whereas Chinn and Ito index (KAOPEN) and total assets plus total liabilities to GDP ratio form the data set of Lane and Milesi-Ferretti are two proxies for financial openness. The chapter concludes that there exists, generally, a positive relationship between real openness and inflation. However, in case of financial globalization the results are inconclusive as they are sensitive to measurement method of financial globalization
Clain-Chamosset-Yvrard, Lise. "Prix d'actifs, bulles et fluctuations macroéconomiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2018.
Full textThis thesis deals with the interplay between the financial and real sectors of the economy. This thesis consists of four chapters. In the first two chapters, we study the existence and endogenous fluctuations of rational speculative bubbles, as a source of volatility in asset prices, taking into account the financial imperfections at the household level. We argue that the existence of a portfolio choice and financial frictions promote the emergence of bubble fluctuations and endogenous business cycles. In this context, we analyze the stabilizing role of fiscal and/or monetary policies. In Chapter 1, we show that a monetary policy responding to asset prices can stabilize the economy as a whole. In Chapter 2, we compare the stabilizing virtues of a progressive taxation on capital income with those of a monetary policy managed by a Taylor rule. We show that a progressive taxation on capital may rule out endogenous fluctuations, whereas a monetary policy under a Taylor rule has a mitigated stabilizing role. In Chapter 3, we study, the existence of rational bubbles in a two-country economy, and the international transmission of their bursting. A bubble bursting in a country necessarily transmits to the othercountry. The effect of a bubble crash in one country onthe bubble issued by the other country can be positive or negative. In Chapter 4, we analyze the role of heterogeneity on the dynamics of asset prices and inequalities when economic agents have preferences for wealth. Heterogeneity in preferences, but also in income, can heighten social inequalities and increase the asset price in the long run, but also promote asset price volatility in the short run
Leroy, Aurelien. "Analyse des effets de la concurrence bancaire sur la stabilité et l'efficience : une perspective européenne." Thesis, Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE0503/document.
Full textThe experience of the “Great Recession” has led economists and policymakers to pay particular attention tofinancial stability. It also lead them to think how to get out of this recession, and particularly on the meansof financing the emergence of a new, more sustainable growth model. In this context, this thesis studies theinfluence of bank competition on stability and efficiency in order to shed light on the debate about the optimallevel of bank competition in Europe. For this purpose, we first study the effects of bank competition on financialinstability by focusing on the concept of systemic risk. This leads us to undertake two distinct studies: onefocusing on the distribution of systemic risk between financial institutions; the other on financial procyclicality.In both cases, we conclude that a positive link between competition and stability does exist.We then focus on thequestion of stability in terms of the effectiveness of the monetary stabilisation policy. In this respect, we show thatbank competition improves the efficiency of two channels of monetary transmission: the interest rate and thebank lending channels. Therefore, the lack of European banking integration, highlighted by the heterogeneity ofbank competition, is one factor that explains the fragmentation that can be observed in the Eurozone. Finally, weconsider the possibility that economic growth may be a function of bank competition. To do this, we first showhow competition could impact economic growth in theory, and find two opposing effects. We then demonstrateempirically that bank competition has negative effects on economic growth, in particular by decreasing totalfactor productivity growth. Our work hence supports the idea that stimulating competition leads to a trade-offbetween stability and efficiency
Righi, Farid. "Politique monétaire ou politique monétariste?" Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100015.
Full textThe comparison of Keynesian and monetarist approaches of economic and monetary policy shows, on a theoretical point of view, a convergence between the standard Keynesian model and the disequilibrium theory considered together, and the monetarist school. Indeed, all these macroeconomic analysis are attached to the notion of equilibrium. This comparison also reveals the importance of the post-Keynesian theory, which refuses to develop its framework in terms of equilibrium and emphasizes the hypothesis of uncertainty. The study of the economic events and the economic and monetary policy in United States from 1979 to 1986, in France from 1981 to 1986, has tried to focus on the influence of Keynesian and monetarist ideas on policy actions in these two countries
Sauviat, Alain. "Politique monétaire optimale." Limoges, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIMO0413.
Full textIn a macroeconomic perspective, optimal monetary policy is identified to the autorities' preference function (output, prices, stability of the financial system) under the constraint of the economy's structure, affecting the money stock available in the economy and the cost of credit being the two instruments used by the authorities. As a starting point, we consider a poole type model (ordering of pure and combination policies) which we develop by a more rigorous modelization of the financial environment. Taking into account the supply function determined prices allows the study of the optimal monetary policy's features on the basis of either autoregressives or rational expectations on behalf of agents. We thereby simultaneously determine the monetary policy efficiency conditions in macroeconomic stabilization, and the properties of the price path. We then concentraite on the link between the performance of monetary policy and the credibility of the authorities. At last, we consider the stability of the financial system in the authorities preference function and we analyse more specifically the substituability between interest rate smoothing, assumed to positively influence the situation of financial institutions, and the aggregate price level stationarity
Charleroy, Rémy. "External shocks and monetary policy in emerging countries." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010031.
Full textWe investigate the conditional correlation between exchange rate and inflation by using a multivariate BEKK GARCH model. This framework is tested on 20 emerging countries independently of each other and it allows one to consider the macroeconomic variables as having a nonlinear relationship over time. We show that the less credible a country is in applying an IT framework because of its monetary objectives or its interventions in the foreign exchange rate markets, the higher the interactions between both variables are. We also show that the adoption of an inflation target allows the decoupling of variables when the inflation volatility increases, and that the estimated central bank’s reaction function explains the diminution in conditional correlation when the exchange rate or both variables volatility augments. By analyzing the evolution of exchange rate pass-through we investigate the degree of vulnerability of macroeconomic variables in BRICS since the mid-1990s when they experience an external shock. Wefocus our study on the two main theories that explain the reduction of macroeconomic variables volatility: the ”good policy” theory with the adoption by central banks of an inflation targeting framework coupled with a flexible exchange rate regime and the ”good luck” theory with the reduction of external shock persistence. The distinction between the theories is made by testing several time-varying parameters vector autoregressive models with different priors on VAR parameters for the structural changes and on the variance-covariance matrix for the stochastic volatility. Among other results, we conclude that the ”good luck” theory seems to be the dominant factor that explain the reduction in the vulnerabilities of BRICS to an external shock and that the 2008 financial crisis does not lead to a significant increase in the ERPT compared to previous crisis. The recent financial crisis has heightened the interest in the impact of financial sector developments on the macroeconomic condition of countries. By employing a rolling-window Vector Auto-Regressive method based on monthly data for a time span between January 2001 and March 2013, this article sets up a comprehensive financial conditions index for a set of major emerging countries. The index sheds light on the various triggers of financial crises during this period and captures both domestic developments as well as global spillover effects. Index dynamics exhibit an overall abrupt slowdown due to the 2007-2008 financial crisis, precipitated primarily through a global liquidity squeeze and overall financial sector strain. In some countries, rising volatility of financial conditions thereafter has substantially been sparked by nominal effective exchange rate movements. Tested on its forecasting applicability, the inclusion of macroeconomic and financial variables enables the index to also perform well as a leading indicator for business cycles
Callonnec, Gaël. "Politique monétaire et bulle spéculative." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://spire.sciences-po.fr/hdl:/2441/f4rshpf3v1umfa09lat1j111k.
Full textThe increase in the number of financial crises during an era of weak inflation has called into question the conventional wisdom according to which price stability promotes financial stability. That has led some economists to wonder about the existence of a possible "paradox of credibility" of the central banks and about the opportunity for introducing the asset’s prices in their reaction function. One can ask if the reduction of inflation supports the emergence of a speculative bubble. To answer this question, it is necessary to introduce a mechanism of financial accelerator into a general equilibrium model, where asset’s prices are determined by their supply and their demand. By influencing the structure of the firm’s balance sheet and their cost of capital, and by determining the composition of the household’s assets portfolio, the monetary policy can destabilize the financial dynamic, if it is too exclusively polarized on the eradication of the inflationary pressures. Indeed, it can induce the firms to favour their external growth instead of their internal development, and to invest in financial markets. This phenomenon can lead to a negative net supply of stocks, which is likely to raise their price above their fundamental value. The simulations which have been carried out show that it is necessary to fight against unemployment as well as inflation to escape the adverse effect of "the financial instability hypothesis" described by Minsky
Ammour, Benhalima. "Système bancaire, financement monétaire et politique monétaire : le cas algérien." Paris 10, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA100128.
Full textThis thesis is an analysis of the Algerian monetary system -its historical development, its institutional and regulatory structures, and its quantitative aspects. It is composed of three sections : - first i, currency and economics, deals with the function of currency in the economic life of the country, and the close ties between the monetary phenomenon specifically and the banking system ; part ii, the role of the banking system in Algeria, is an exhaustive treatment of the evolution of the institutional context in which currency is issued, which includes a description of the unique status of currency in Algeria ; - part iii, entitled the contribution of the banking system to the financing of economic development, blueprints the economic framework in which the monetary activities of the banks and the public treasury operate, and the processes through which the Algerian economy is financed
Gertchev, Nikolay. "Impérialisme monétaire." Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020075.
Full textDubouchet, Thibault. "La politique micromonétaire." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/dubouchet_t.
Full textTThe micromonetary policy supports by a economy's conception which, because of experience's lessons, puts on the reflection's centre the instability of banking and financial system. This instability results from limited rationality and interdependances. The micromonetary policy's final objective is to contain that instability. The micromonetary policy consists of three instruments which act on preventive and discretionary levels and which are insurance's mechanisms, quantitative prudential regulation (which is mainly composed of solvency ratios) and incitative prudential regulation. The complementary aspect of these instruments generates efficiency in order to contain instability. The micromonetary policy uses in the first place preventive instruments and, in the last place, discretion in the order to limit interventions' costs. Consequently, lender of last resort and deposit insurance act in the last resort, after the intervention of the others instruments
Leroy, Aurelien. "Analyse des effets de la concurrence bancaire sur la stabilité et l'efficience : une perspective européenne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ORLE0503.
Full textThe experience of the “Great Recession” has led economists and policymakers to pay particular attention tofinancial stability. It also lead them to think how to get out of this recession, and particularly on the meansof financing the emergence of a new, more sustainable growth model. In this context, this thesis studies theinfluence of bank competition on stability and efficiency in order to shed light on the debate about the optimallevel of bank competition in Europe. For this purpose, we first study the effects of bank competition on financialinstability by focusing on the concept of systemic risk. This leads us to undertake two distinct studies: onefocusing on the distribution of systemic risk between financial institutions; the other on financial procyclicality.In both cases, we conclude that a positive link between competition and stability does exist.We then focus on thequestion of stability in terms of the effectiveness of the monetary stabilisation policy. In this respect, we show thatbank competition improves the efficiency of two channels of monetary transmission: the interest rate and thebank lending channels. Therefore, the lack of European banking integration, highlighted by the heterogeneity ofbank competition, is one factor that explains the fragmentation that can be observed in the Eurozone. Finally, weconsider the possibility that economic growth may be a function of bank competition. To do this, we first showhow competition could impact economic growth in theory, and find two opposing effects. We then demonstrateempirically that bank competition has negative effects on economic growth, in particular by decreasing totalfactor productivity growth. Our work hence supports the idea that stimulating competition leads to a trade-offbetween stability and efficiency
M'Bakidi, Honoré-Magloire. "Application de l'analyse monétaire de la balance des paiements au régime de taux de change flottants : le cas de quatre économies sous-développées (Ouganda, Somalie, Zaîre et Zambie)." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CLF10002.
Full textIdier, Julien. "Intégration financière, Comouvements et Politique Monétaire." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00402439.
Full textDe ce fait, la multiplication des dynamiques de transmission, de plus en plus rapides se présente comme un enjeu majeur pour les décideurs politiques (banques centrales) en termes de modélisation financière pour permettre un suivi de la stabilité du système financier dans son ensemble.
Le premier objectif de cette thèse est d'utiliser plusieurs techniques innovantes de l'économétrie financière (notamment les modèles multifractals) qui permettent de prendre en compte à la fois les dynamiques de long terme entre différents actifs (liées par exemple à l'avènement de la zone euro) sans pour autant négliger les dynamiques de très court terme. Un second objectif est de mettre en évidence l'apport pour les décideurs politiques de l'utilisation des données à haute fréquence. Nous montrons que l'utilisation de ces données permet notamment un éclairage nouveau sur l'évaluation du cadre opérationnel de la Banque Centrale Européenne et de son interaction avec l'ensemble des marchés financiers.
Khayat, Guillaume Anwar. "Trois essais sur la politique monétaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0236.
Full textThis thesis is organized in three chapters dealing with monetary policy since the Great Recession. Chapter one assesses if the euro area’s long term equilibrium (steady state) characterized by low inflation or deflation and the nominal short term interest rate in the economy stuck at its effective lower bound is locally stable. Chapter two considers empirically possible unintended effects of setting negative policy rates on banking flows and the exchange rate. Chapter three suggests a model where monetary policy is implemented through the central bank’s lending and deposit facilities and the corridor instead of the standard assumption that the central bank controls directly the short term interest rate in the economy
Aboulfadl, Mehdi. "La politique monétaire et la stabilité financière." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENE003.
Full textCentral banks practices have gradually adjusted, since the 90s, to the fundamental principles of the New synthesis, and converged towards a normalization that has proved its worth. On one hand, this normalization is based on the doctrine of price stability, under the form of an inflation targeting system. On the other hand, it is supplemented with practices intended to enhance credibility and transparency. In addition, and because of its theoretical coherence, the DSGE representation of the economy adopted by the New Synthesis also emerged as a central analytical framework for monetary policy, particularly suitable for scenario analyzes and for generating forecasts of variables of interest. At the same time, central banks have tried to promote a stable financial environment, through their role as lender of last resort. And thanks to the principle of market efficiency, the use of monetary policy in the face of speculative bubbles has been limited. However, the concept of financial stability has been lacking a consensual definition, leading to a proliferation of methodologies for quantifying risk, preventing crisis and evaluating the financial system. The 2007 crisis has challenged this emerging consensus. First, the onset of the financial turmoil, in an environment of price stability, seemed to invalidate the theoretical principles of monetary policy. Then, the adoption of a series of so-called unconventional monetary policy measures, upon reaching the zero lower bound, exposed the inadequacy of conventional monetary policy instruments, in order to counter the crisis and encourage a sustainable recovery. Finally, the residual treatment of the financial sector in the canonical NK model failed to capture the regularities of the business cycle, the financial vulnerability, the lack of liquidity and the procyclicality of financial systems. Critics of the New synthesis focused on specific assumptions, rather than on the framework itself. Therefore, the relevance of the NK framework still seems appropriate, because of its unique capability of absorbing various theories which may initially seem irreconcilable. Thanks to the introduction of money and the possibility of default, the modeling of an active banking sector helped understand the changes in the shocks transmission mechanism, and enabled the introduction of multiple interest rates. Similarly, the interbank market role has been addressed in order to investigate the erosion of confidence, the drying up of liquidity and the impact on the financing of the economy. Finally, the multiple dimensions of unconventional monetary policies have been incorporated in order to assess their effectiveness, and to identify the transmission mechanisms. However, there is no microeconomically based representation general enough to capture, in a logic and parsimonious way, the majority of the financial characteristics. The crisis has also helped to draw lessons about the financial sector, with regards to its role in terms of increased economic non-linearities, the negative impact of the zero lower bound, and the questioning of the Schwartz hypothesis. By highlighting the links between monetary and macroprudential policies, the crisis has then invalidated the dichotomy principle adopted until now. These new guidelines are, however, not entirely clear. Indeed, the economic recovery management and the impact of austerity measures create new challenges: a stagnation risk similar to the one that hit Japan; a return to highly leveraged maturity transformation practices; and blurry central banks exit strategies
Deloux, Ludivine. "Causalité statistique et règles de politique monétaire." Lille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL20030.
Full textThe currency has an importance which is at first qualitative ; nevertheless, it would matter also by its quantity. One of the means to be persuaded of it is to study its role (chapter 1). The quantitativists establish that currency is the only causal factor of prices. According to Keynes, it affects income in short-term. The keynesian position will be called into question by the neo-quantitativists who propose the mechanical role of the currency. The latter will be criticized by Patinkin and their position rejected by the post-keynesians. Indeed they regard the currency as endogenous and privilege the role of the interest rate. In order to determine if the currency or/and the interest rate affect the income or/and the prices, we refer to the statistical definition of causality and more particularly to that of Granger [1969] or Sims [1972] as well as in the measures of its intensity (Geweke [1982] (chapter 2). .
Han, Junyu. "L'évolution historique de la politique monétaire chinoise." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED009.
Full textOver the past six decades, China has experienced an institutional change from a planned to a market economy. During the same period, an in-depth change in the instruments and implementation of China’s monetary policy has occurred. However, until now, China’s monetary policy retains considerable differences compared with that of developed market economies. During the planned economy period, China adopted a mono-banking system and a highly centralized credit management system. Under a mono-banking system, the People’s Bank of China (PBC) could directly control the issuance volumes of cash and bank transfers by means of the cash plan and the credit plan to adjust monetary aggregates. During the economic transition period, China gradually abandoned the mono-banking system. However, the PBC still did not become a truly independent central bank because it retained part of its direct financing operations in support of non-financial agents’ development. Although the PBC began to employ indirect levers to adjust monetary dynamics, it continued to implement the monetary policy principally by means of direct adjustment instruments. Since China’s accession into wider economic reforms in 1994, a truly independent central banking system was established and eventually improved in 1998. The PBC has exclusively exercised the functions of a central bank and implemented its monetary policy principally by means of indirect adjustment instruments; however, it did not fully abandon the use of direct administrative controls over credit aggregates. Out of fear for rising financial leverage and high indebtedness (in particular of non-financial corporations), since 2014 China’s monetary authority gradually enhanced the monitoring of shadow banking activities, and thereby the centralization and effectiveness of monetary policy