Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transmission EBSD

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Transmission EBSD'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Transmission EBSD"

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Rice, Katherine P., Robert R. Keller, and Mark P. Stoykovich. "Beam Broadening in Transmission EBSD." Microscopy Today 23, no. 2 (March 2015): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929515000048.

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Geiss, Roy H., Katherine P. Rice, and Robert R. Keller. "Transmission EBSD in the Scanning Electron Microscope." Microscopy Today 21, no. 3 (May 2013): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929513000503.

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We demonstrate in this article an exciting new method for obtaining electron Kikuchi diffraction patterns in transmission from thin specimens in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) fitted with a conventional electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) detector. We have labeled the method transmission EBSD (t-EBSD) because it uses off-the-shelf commercial EBSD equipment to capture the diffraction patterns and also to differentiate it from transmission Kikuchi diffraction available in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Lateral spatial resolution of less than 10 nm has been demonstrated for particles and better than 5 nm for orientation mapping of thin films. The only new requirement is a specimen holder that allows the transmitted electrons diffracted from an electron transparent sample to intersect the EBSD detector. We briefly outline our development of the technique, followed by descriptions of sample preparation techniques and operating conditions. We then present examples of t-EBSD patterns from a variety of specimens, including particles of diameter <10 nm, wires of diameter <80 nm, and films with thicknesses from ~5 nm to 300 nm. Finally, we discuss the phenomenon in the context of Monte Carlo electron scattering simulations.
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Koblischka-Veneva, A., M. R. Koblischka, J. Schmauch, and M. Murakami. "Transmission EBSD (t-EBSD) as Tool to Investigate Nanostructures in Superconductors." Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism 32, no. 10 (April 23, 2019): 3155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10948-019-5106-4.

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Abbasi, Majid, Dong-Ik Kim, Hwan-Uk Guim, and Woo-Sang Jung. "Transmission-EBSD Using High Current Electron Beams." Microscopy and Microanalysis 22, S3 (July 2016): 1652–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927616009107.

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Rice, Katherine P., Yimeng Chen, Robert R. Keller, and Mark P. Stoykovich. "Beam broadening in transmission and conventional EBSD." Micron 95 (April 2017): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2016.12.007.

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Rice, Katherine P., and Robert R. Keller. "Thickness-Dependent Beam Broadening in Transmission EBSD." Microscopy and Microanalysis 20, S3 (August 2014): 854–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927614005996.

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Suzuki, Seiichi. "Features of Transmission EBSD and its Application." JOM 65, no. 9 (July 27, 2013): 1254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-013-0700-6.

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Koblischka-Veneva, A., M. R. Koblischka, J. Schmauch, and M. Murakami. "Transmission EBSD (t-EBSD) to determine grain and grain boundary properties on nanostructured superconductor samples." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1293 (September 2019): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1293/1/012008.

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Avishai, A., J. Carter, M. Zahiri Azar, B. Narayanan, and A. H. Heuer. "Transmission EBSD - Bridging the Gap between SEM and TEM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S2 (August 2013): 694–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927613005461.

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Rice, Katherine P., Yimeng Chen, Ty J. Prosa, David J. Larson, Matt Nowell, and Mark P. Stoykovich. "Techniques for Transmission EBSD Mapping of Atom Probe Specimens." Microscopy and Microanalysis 21, S3 (August 2015): 1677–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927615009162.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transmission EBSD"

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Friedbaum, Samuel Searle. "Studies of Dislocation Density Quantification Via Cross-Correlation EBSD." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8115.

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One conventional method for studying dislocations uses the Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), a complex and expensive piece of equipment which requires extensive specimen preparation in order to thin the specimens to electron transparent thickness. Newer High Resolution Electron Backscatter Diffraction (HREBSD) methods of determining geometrically necessary dislocation content via cross-correlation promise to be able to produce estimates of the dislocation density of the sample over a larger area with considerably less preparation time and using a much more accessible instrument. However, the accuracy of the new EBSD technique needs more experimental verification, including consideration of possible changes in the specimen dislocation density due to the different preparation methods. By comparing EBSD and TEM dislocation measurements of Electron Transparent platinum specimens prepared using the Focused Ion Beam (FIB), along with EBSD dislocations measurements of specimens prepared by both FIB and mechanical polishing techniques, this paper seeks to verify the accuracy of the new method and identify any changes in the specimens’ apparent dislocation density caused by the different preparation processes.
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Hansen, Landon Thomas. "Characterization of Dislocation - Grain Boundary Interactions Through Electron Backscatter Diffraction." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7536.

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Further understanding of dislocation-GB interactions is critical to increasing the performance of polycrystalline metals. The research contained within this dissertation aims to further dislocation-GB interaction understanding through three research studies. First, the effect of noise in EBSPs on GND calculations was evaluated in order to improve dislocation characterization via HR-EBSD. Second, the evolution of GNDs and their effects on back stress was studied through experimental and computational methods applied to tantalum oligo specimens. Third, statistical analysis was used to evaluate grain parameters and current GB transmission parameters on their correlation with dislocation accumulation.
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Tryblom, Axel. "Optimizing Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction for Analysing Grain Size and Orientation of Nanocrystalline Coatings." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-266442.

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In order to increase efficiency and lifetime of cutting tools it is typical to apply thin coatings by physical or chemical vapour deposition. Applying coatings on cutting tools has shown an increase in both efficiency and lifetime and are of large interest in further development. The study of coatings and their mechanical properties is a very active research area and produces tools extensively used in the industry.  The behaviour of materials on a macroscopic scale can typically be related to microscopic properties. Some coatings produced by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) but especially Physical Vapour deposition (PVD) have crystal structures which are difficult to analyse by conventional methods due to crystal sizes in the nanometre scale. For nanocrystalline materials standard methods fall short due to a limited resolution of the methods.  Recently a method for electron diffraction of crystalline samples was suggested to be used differently in order to achieve a higher resolution. Unlike earlier when electrons were reflected from the sample, using Electron Backscattering Diffraction (EBSD), the electrons were transmitted through thin samples with thicknesses in the magnitude of 100 nm, which enabled the crystal structure to be determined. The new method is typically referred to as either Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) or transmission EBSD (t-EBSD) with a resolution down to approximately 10 nm.  The goal with this master thesis has been to evaluate sample preparation methods and TKD studies on PVD samples. Each step has been divided into parameters which govern the sample preparation and analysis and optimized accordingly in order to achieve best possible results of the crystal structure of PVD coatings. From this it has been possible to show how TKD is optimally performed and which difficulties and limitations that are present.  In this thesis two coatings, TiN and (Ti,Al)N, have been studied with TKD and two different preparation methods have been attempted. These were precision mechanical polishing and in-situ lift out with a Dual Beam System. Mechanical polishing did not succeed in producing samples for TKD but was not ruled out as a possibility while the in-situ lift out method could both produce samples and achieve a crystallographic indexing around 80 %. The only areas which were difficult to index were crystal boundaries and crystal clusters where individual crystals were in the range of <30 nm. In these areas overlapping Kikuchi patterns were observed due to the resolution limit of TKD.
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Brochet, Stéphanie. "Compréhension du rôle de la microstructure d'aciers inoxydables austénitiques à grains fins sur le comportement en fatigue." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-187.pdf.

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Le sujet de thèse est une contribution au développement d'aciers inoxydables austénitiques à grains ultrafins, combinant haute résistance mécanique et ductilité, aciers produits par Ugine&ALZ. Les objectifs principaux sont, d'une part de comprendre les mécanismes métallurgiques mis en jeu lors de la réduction de la taille des grains et d'autre part d'étudier le rôle de la taille de grain et de la teneur en nickel (i. E. Stabilité de l'austénite) sur les mécanismes de plasticité cyclique. Après laminage à froid, la diminution de la taille de grain résulte de phénomènes de recristallisation selon deux mécanismes : l'un, à partir de l'austénite écrouie et qui limite la réduction de la taille du grain au plus à 2µm ; Le second, à partir de la réversion de la martensite induite par laminage, conduit à des grains plus fins et à une structure « binaire» (microstructure à deux tailles de grains). Réduire la taille de grain de 20µm à 2µm quelque soit la nuance d'acier conduit, sous déformation cyclique contrôlée, à des amplitudes de contrainte cyclique beaucoup plus élevées sans pénaliser la résistance à la fatigue. Une tendance à l'adoucissement cyclique est observée quand l'austénite est stable ainsi qu'un durcissement cyclique en cas de transformation martensitique. De plus, la réduction de la taille de grain ne modifie pas la nature des structures de dislocations par contre elle favorise la transformation induite par sollicitation cyclique dans l'acier instable. Pour ce dernier, la martensite α' peut germer à partir de zones riches en dislocations - mur et parois de cellules (aciers à gros grains), accumulations de dislocations près du joint de grain (aciers à grains fins) et non pas de manière «conventionnelle» pour les aciers austénitiques c'est-à-dire à l'intersection de bandes de glissement. Cette modification de la transformation permet de se prémunir d'un amorçage précoce de fissures courtes mais pas de la propagation en volume. Au vu des résultats obtenus, ces alliages à grains fins apparaissent comme fiables, économiques et durables pour la fabrication de composants et structures pour le transport.
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Larrouy, Baptiste. "Mécanismes de déformation et d'amorçage de fissures dans l'alliage Udimet™ 720Li en relation avec les paramètres microstructuraux." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESMA0019/document.

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Cette étude s’est focalisée sur la compréhension des mécanismes de déformation et d’endommagementd’un superalliage à base de Nickel (Udimet 720Li) utilisé pour la confection de disques de turbine hautepression soumis à des sollicitations monotones et cycliques à des températures inférieures à 500 °C.L’amorçage de fissures de fatigue à 20 °C et 465 °C a été systématiquement observé suivant des facettescristallographiques pour différents états métallurgiques. Une étude quantitative des traces de glissementplastique en surface a permis de montrer que cet endommagement est la conséquence d’une nontransmission de la déformation plastique entre grains voisins. Plus précisément, un mécanisme de rotationcristalline localisée au sein de micro-volumes à l’extrémité de bandes de glissement dans le grain voisin aété identifié à l’origine des fissures.Les configurations cristallographiques favorisant ce processus impliquent notamment les relations entresystèmes de glissement de part et d’autre du joint de grains (angle de TWIST), ou encore la présence d’uneprécipitation fine participant au confinement des bandes de glissement
This study contributes to the understanding of the deformation and damage mechanisms in a Nickelbasedsuperalloy (the Udimet 720Li) used for the manufacturing of aeroengines high pressure turbinedisks submitted to monotonic and cyclic loadings at temperatures below 500 °C under service conditions.Fatigue crack initiation at 20 °C and 465 °C was systematically observed at large crystallographic facetswhatever the microstructure. An extensive quantitative study of the slip activity at the surface showed thatcrack initiation results from a difficult slip transmission between neighbouring grains. In more details, alocalized crystallographic rotation confined in micro-volumes detected at the tip of slip bands interactingwith the grain boundary were identified to trigger crack initiation.The crystallographic configurations favouring such a process are closely related to the TWIST anglebetween active slip systems on each side of the grain boundary and to a dense and fine precipitationconfining the plasticity.Mots-clés
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Favre, Julien. "Recrystallization of L-605 cobalt superalloy during hot-working process." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876664.

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Co-20Cr-15W-10Ni alloy (L-605) is a cobalt-based superalloy combining high strength with keeping high ductility, biocompatible and corrosion resistant. It has been used successfully for heart valves for its chemical inertia, and this alloy is a good candidate for stent elaboration. Control of grain size distribution can lead to significant improvement of mechanical properties: in one hand grain refinement enhance the material strength, and on the other hand large grains provide the ductility necessary to avoid the rupture in use. Therefore, tailoring the grain size distribution is a promising way to adapt the mechanical properties to the targeted applications. The grain size can be properly controlled by dynamic recrystallization during the forging process. Therefore, the comprehension of the recrystallization mechanism and its dependence on forging parameters is a key point of microstructure design approach. The optimal conditions for the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization are determined, and correlation between microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior is investigated. Compression tests are carried out at high-temperature on Thermec-master Z and Gleeble forging devices, followed by gas or water quench. Mechanical behavior of the material at high temperature is analyzed in detail, and innovative methods are proposed to determine the metallurgical mechanisms at stake during the deformation process. Mechanical properties of the material after hot-working and annealing treatments are investigated. The grain growth kinetics of L-605 alloy is determined, and experimental results are compared with the static recrystallization process. Microstructures after hot deformation are evaluated using SEM-EBSD and TEM. Significant grain refinement occurs by dynamic recrystallization for high temperature and low strain rate (T≥1100 ◦ C, strain rate < 0.1s−1), and at high strain rate (strain rate > 10s−1). Dynamic recrystallization is discontinuous and takes place from the grain boundaries, leading to a necklace structure. The nucleation mechanism is most likely to be bulging from grain boundaries and twin boundaries. A new insight of the modeling of dynamic recrystallization taking as a starting point the experimental data is proposed. By combining the results from the mechanical behavior study and microstructure observation, the recrystallization at steady-state is thoroughly analyzed and provides the mobility of grain boundaries. The nucleation criterion for the bulging from grain boundaries is reformulated to a more general expression suitable for any initial grain size. Nucleation frequency can be deduced from experimental data at steady-state through modeling, and is extrapolated to any deformation condition. From this point, a complete analytical model of the dynamic recrystallization is established, and provides a fair prediction on the mechanical behavior and the microstructure evolution during the hot-working process.
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Ornek, Cem. "Performance characterisation of duplex stainless steel in nuclear waste storage environment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/performance-characterisation-of-duplex-stainless-steel-in-nuclear-waste-storage-environment(4db73e9b-c87c-40a6-9778-0b823b1c499f).html.

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The majority of UK’s intermediate level radioactive waste is currently stored in 316L and 304L austenitic stainless steel containers in interim storage facilities for permanent disposal until a geological disposal facility has become available. The structural integrity of stainless steel canisters is required to persevere against environmental degradation for up to 500 years to assure a safe storage and disposal scheme. Hitherto existing severe localised corrosion observances on real waste storage containers after 10 years of exposure to an ambient atmosphere in an in-land warehouse in Culham at Oxfordshire, however, questioned the likelihood occurrence of stress corrosion cracking that may harm the canister’s functionality during long-term storage. The more corrosion resistant duplex stainless steel grade 2205, therefore, has been started to be manufactured as a replacement for the austenitic grades. Over decades, the threshold stress corrosion cracking temperature of austenitic stainless steels has been believed to be 50-60°C, but lab- and field-based research has shown that 304L and 316L may suffer from atmospheric stress corrosion cracking at ambient temperatures. Such an issue has not been reported to occur for the 2205 duplex steel, and its atmospheric stress corrosion cracking behaviour at low temperatures (40-50°C) has been sparsely studied which requires detailed investigations in this respect. Low temperature atmospheric stress corrosion cracking investigations on 2205 duplex stainless steel formed the framework of this PhD thesis with respect to the waste storage context. Long-term surface magnesium chloride deposition exposures at 50°C and 30% relative humidity for up to 15 months exhibited the occurrence of stress corrosion cracks, showing stress corrosion susceptibility of 2205 duplex stainless steel at 50°C.The amount of cold work increased the cracking susceptibility, with bending deformation being the most critical type of deformation mode among tensile and rolling type of cold work. The orientation of the microstructure deformation direction, i.e. whether the deformation occurred in transverse or rolling direction, played vital role in corrosion and cracking behaviour, as such that bending in transverse direction showed almost 3-times larger corrosion and stress corrosion cracking propensity. Welding simulation treatments by ageing processes at 750°C and 475°C exhibited substantial influences on the corrosion properties. It was shown that sensitisation ageing at 750°C can render the material enhanced susceptible to stress corrosion cracking at even low chloride deposition densities of ≤145 µm/cm². However, it could be shown that short-term heat treatments at 475°C can decrease corrosion and stress corrosion cracking susceptibility which may be used to improve the materials performance. Mechanistic understanding of stress corrosion cracking phenomena in light of a comprehensive microstructure characterisation was the main focus of this thesis.
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Yen-HuiLi and 李彥慧. "On the Spatial Resolution of Standard - and Transmission –EBSD Using Monte Carlo Simulation." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44441952377044769963.

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碩士
國立成功大學
材料科學及工程學系
103
Due to the recent and rapid development in the field of nano-technology, the analysis techniques are needed at the nano scale. In 2012 Keller firstly demonstrated that EBSD patterns could be acquired from a thin specimen together with EBSD setup in SEM. Suzuki in 2013 also reported that the spatial resolution of aluminum and chromium carbide thin films was influenced by sample tilting angle and accelerating voltage. However, the parameters of the new developed transmission EBSD are still not to be optimized. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of these parameters in transmission-EBSD and standard-EBSD on the spatial resolution using a simulation method. There are two parts in this study: the first part is the spatial resolution simulation of standard-EBSD to compare. The other part is the spatial resolution simulation of transmission-EBSD. Simulation parameters were atomic weight, sample thickness, accelerating voltage and sample tilting angle, in order to understand the optimized spatial resolution in transmission-EBSD system. We used copper, silver and gold as materials for simulation and chose 100, 200 and 300 nm for sample thickness. We selected 15, 25 and 30 kV as accelerating voltage and the sample tilting angles were 20 and 30o. By comparing all the parameters of transmission-EBSD, the best spatial resolution is obtained for copper with the sample thickness 100 nm at 25 kV under the tilting angle 20o. The best spatial resolution of copper is 25 nm longitudinal resolution and 15 nm lateral resolution.
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Kozlík, Jiří. "Mikrostruktura a textura titanu připraveného přáškovou metalurgií." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-380890.

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Bulk commercially pure titanium was prepared by powder metallurgy, namely by cryogenic milling and spark plasma sintering, with aim to produce ultra-fine grained material with enhanced strength. The microstructure of milled powders was investigated in detail by a novel method called transmission EBSD, which allowed the first direct observation of texture within the powder particles. This texture is similar to rolling texture, because of the similar nature of the defor- mation during milling. Microstructure observations revealed grains with the size under 100 nm. The influence of sintering parameters on material properties were studied by scan- ning electron microscopy including EBSD, X-ray diffraction and by microhardness measurements. The trade-off relationship between porosity and grain size was identified, fully dense material with ultra-fine grained microstructure could not be produced. Increased oxygen content was identified as a main strengthening factor, while porosity has significant deteriorating effect on mechanical properties. The texture of powder was retained in the bulk material. The possibility of stabilizing the microstructure by mechanical alloying of Ti with yttrium oxide nanoparticles was investigated with mixed results. The stabiliza- tion was successful, but several issues...
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Books on the topic "Transmission EBSD"

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Cai, Fang. Transmission of volatility and trading activity in the global interdealer foreign exchange market: Evidence from electronic broking services (EBS) data. Washington, D.C: Federal Reserve Board, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Transmission EBSD"

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Kazakevich, V., K. Morozov, A. Petrov, and G. Popkov. "Investigation of a Pulsed EBCD CO-Laser Supplied from an LC Transmission Line." In Laser in Forschung und Technik / Laser in Research and Engineering, 83–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80263-8_17.

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Kazakevich, V., K. Morozov, A. Petrov, and G. Popkov. "Investigation of a Pulsed EBCD CO-Laser Supplied from an LC Transmission Line." In Laser in Forschung und Technik / Laser in Research and Engineering, 887–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80263-8_179.

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Schafler, E., M. Zehetbauer, P. Hanak, T. Ungar, T. Hebesberger, R. Pippan, B. Mingler, H. P. Karnthaler, H. Amenitsch, and S. Bernstorff. "Fragmentation in Large Strain Cold Rolled Aluminium as Observed by Synchrotron X-Ray Bragg Peak Profile Analysis (SXPA), Electron Back Scatter Patterning (EBSP) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)." In Investigations and Applications of Severe Plastic Deformation, 163–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4062-1_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transmission EBSD"

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Zhang, S. Y., Y. J. Zhang, W. M. Kwek, L. S. Goi, A. D. Trigg, and L. J. Tang. "Application of transmission EBSD on high topography surface Aluminum thin film." In 2014 IEEE 16th Electronics Packaging Technology Conference (EPTC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eptc.2014.7028394.

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Yi Qiang Shen, Esther Lee, Shue Yin Chow, Bing Sheng Khoo, Cambridge Kon, Dong Gui, and Zhen Xiang Xing. "Application of transmission EBSD in aluminium metal layer and GaAs/AlAs epitaxial layers." In 2013 20th IEEE International Symposium on the Physical and Failure Analysis of Integrated Circuits (IPFA). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipfa.2013.6599212.

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Fujiyama, Kazunari, Takashi Saito, Keita Mori, Takahisa Hino, and Ryuichi Ishii. "Creep Damage Assessment Through EBSD Method and Hardness Measurement for a High Chromium Turbine Rotor Steel Forging." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/creep2007-26551.

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10Cr-1Mo-1W-VNbN steel forging for steam turbine rotors was investigated using TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) with EBSD (Electron BackScattering Diffraction pattern) method and nano-indentation tester for the assessment of microstructural change during creep damage process. Long term creep rupture tests and interrupted creep tests were conducted for the subject material and then effective damage parameters were assessed and compared with each other. Dislocation substructure which was observed through TEM thin foil method showed increasing lath/block width according to creep damage accumulation and the same feature was observed through EBSD IPF mapping more clearly and easily. EBSD KAM mapping was also conducted and averaged KAM was shown as an effective index for measuring dislocation microstructural changes during creep. Nano-indentation tests were conducted at the same position of EBSD measurement, which revealed that there was a good correlation between hardness value and the square root of averaged KAM. The differential equation of dislocation density with creep time was arranged to estimate the relationship between averaged KAM and time through the relationship between hardness and dislocation density. The creep damage estimation curves were obtained successfully by the equation expressed with stress and temperature term. The dislocation density based creep damage assessment curves could be effective for creep life assessment of high temperature components.
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Ozawa, Yuji, Tatsuya Ishikawa, and Yoichi Takeda. "Characterization of Crack Tip Damage Zone Formation on Alloy 625 During Fatigue Crack Growth at 750°C by Transmission EBSD Method." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3458.

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In order to clarify the mechanism of fatigue crack growth in alloy 625, which is a candidate material for use in advanced ultra supercritical power plants, the crack tip damage zone formation after a crack growth test conducted in high temperature steam was investigated. It was observed that the oxide thickness at the crack tip tended to increase with decreasing cyclic loading frequency. The crack path was a mix of transgranular and intergranular fractures. According to the grain reference orientation deviation (GROD) maps, it was revealed that the density of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs) in the matrix along the crack path and ahead of crack tip increased with an increase in the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) due to environmental effects. It was observed that (1) mobile dislocations at the crack surface were blocked due to the thick oxide layer, resulting in an increase in the density of GNDs, and (2) an increase in the density of GNDs might induce stress concentration at the crack tip, deformation twinning, and the acceleration of FCGRs.
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Prasad, S. V., J. R. Michael, C. Battaile, P. G. Kotula, and B. S. Majumdar. "On the Evolution of Friction-Induced Nanostructures in Single Crystal Nickel." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63577.

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We have investigated the fundamental phenomena governing the friction-induced microstructures in single crystal nickel. Friction measurements were made using a unidirectional linear wear tester against a hard Si3N4 ball so that deformation is confined to the softer Ni surface. To minimize the environmental effects on friction, we conducted the experiments in dry nitrogen atmosphere. A high precision rotary stage was designed and built to enable friction measurements to be made in specific crystallographic directions. Measurements were made on (100), (110) and (111) crystal faces. Focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy was used to prepare cross-sections of wear scars suitable for electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The EBSD data revealed the formation of low-angle grain boundaries leading to the development of fine-grained equiaxed recrystallized substructues underneath the wear scars. The extent of subsurface deformation and the steady state friction coefficients were strongly dependent on the crystal orientation. At higher contact stresses, TEM analysis confirmed the formation of fine-grained equiaxed nanocrystalline grain structures. Subsequent friction tests on these nanostructured layers performed at much reduced contact stresses showed significant reductions in the friction coefficients. The role of the friction-induced nanostructures on the mechanisms of metallic friction is discussed.
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Jany, Benedykt R. "Optimization and characterization of Au-hcp structures grown in the process of self-assembly by SEM EBSD in normal and in transmission mode at nanoscale." In European Microscopy Congress 2020. Royal Microscopical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22443/rms.emc2020.890.

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7

Mo, Kun, Gianfranco Lovicu, Hsiao-Ming Tung, Xiang Chen, and James F. Stubbins. "Microstructural Evolution of Alloy 617 and Alloy 230 Following High Temperature Aging." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25847.

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Alloy 617 and Alloy 230 are solid-solution strengthened nickel based superalloys, which have been considered two of the most promising structural materials for the Very-High-Temperature Reactor (VHTR). In order to have a better understanding of the degradation process of the materials in the VHTR, long-term aging experiments have been carried out to investigate the dynamic process of microstructure evolution at 900 and 1000°C for Alloy 617 and Alloy 230. The microstructural evolution process in different aging periods (up to 3000 hours) was analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). A diffusion-controlled precipitation and coarsening of carbide particles (mainly M23C6 and M6C) for both alloys was observed. The corresponding characteristics of the precipitates, i.e. type, size and coherence, were analyzed. The coarsening rate of the intergranular precipitates in Alloy 617 was found to be much faster compared to Alloy 230’s. The inhomogeneous precipitation process in the transverse plane of Alloy 617 was observed, which may be attributed to the alignment of the inclusion particles induced by the hot rolling. Hardness and tensile tests were carried out to investigate the aging impacts on materials’ strength. Both alloys obtained increased hardness and strength during early stages of aging and softened after elongated time. The results of mechanical tests were in a good agreement with the microstructure evolution process.
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8

Mo, Kun, Gianfranco Lovicu, Hsiao-Ming Tung, Xiang Chen, and James F. Stubbins. "High Temperature Aging and Corrosion Study on Alloy 617 and Alloy 230." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30207.

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The very high temperature gas-cooled reactor (VHTR), with dual capacities of highly efficient electricity generation and thermochemical production of hydrogen, is considered as one of the most promising Gen-IV nuclear systems. The primary candidate materials for construction of the intermediate heat exchanger (IHX) for the VHTR are Alloy 617 and Alloy 230. To have a better understanding of the degradation process during high temperature long-term service and provide practical data for engineering design of the IHX, aging experiments were performed on Alloy 617 and Alloy 230 at 900 and 1000°C. Mechanical properties (hardness and tensile strength) and microstructure were analyzed on post-aging samples after different aging periods (up to 3000 h). Both alloys attained increased hardness during the early stages of aging, and dramatically soften after extended aging times. Microstructural analysis including Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) were carried out to investigate the microstmcture evolution during aging. A carbide particle precipitation, growth and maturing process was observed for both alloys, which corresponds to the changes of materials’ mechanical properties. Few changes in grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) and grain size distribution were observed after aging. In addition, high temperature corrosion studies were performed at 900 and 1000°C for both alloys. Alloy 230 exhibits much better corrosion resistance at elevated temperature compared to Alloy 617.
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9

Narayanan, Badri K., Lisa McFadden, M. J. Mills, and Marie A. Quintana. "Characterization of Weld Metal Deposited With a Self Shielded Flux Cored Electrode for Pipeline Girth Welds and Offshore Structures." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31406.

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Pipeline girth welds deposited with a self-shielded flux cored electrode process (FCAW-S) have been characterized to assess the effect of micro-alloying elements on microstructure and precipitate evolution and correlate it to strength and toughness. A 2.0 mm diameter electrode was used to deposit weld metal in a 12.7 mm thick API grade X-70 pipe joint. The weld metal properties were characterized and shown to overmatch the pipe. The DBTT of the weld metal has been determined through Charpy V-Notch toughness measurements. The effect of heat input and welding procedure has been assessed over a range of heat inputs (1–1.5 kJ/mm.). The effect of dilution from the base plate on toughness has been assessed by measuring the sensitivity of weld metal toughness to changes in carbon content. The as-welded region of the weld has been characterized using different characterization techniques. Ferritic weld metal deposited with a self-shielded arc welding process has intentional additions of aluminum, magnesium, titanium and zirconium. This results in a complex precipitation process that has been characterized with a combination of electron microscopy techniques. The effect of micro-alloying additions on the variant selection during the austenite to ferrite transformation and microstructure evolution has been studied with electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) in conjunction with orientation imaging microscopy (OIM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the precipitate evolution in these welds. The evidence shows that the formation of a spinel oxide is critical for the nucleation of nitrides of zirconium and titanium and prevents the agglomeration of aluminum rich oxides and the formation of large aluminum nitrides. The evolution of precipitate formation is critical to limit large inclusions and improve weld metal toughness. The presence of titanium and zirconium increases the fraction of high angle grain boundaries within the microstructure resulting in increased resistance to crack propagation. The characterization of the microstructures at two different carbon contents indicates the greater propensity to form twin related variants with increase in carbon content. This suggests a lower transformation temperature of austenite and may be the reason for poor toughness.
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10

Dodge, M. F., H. B. Dong, M. F. Gittos, and T. Mobberley. "Fusion Zone Microstructure Associated With Embrittlement of Subsea Dissimilar Joints." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23643.

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Within subsea oil and gas systems, nickel alloy filler metals are commonly used in the joining of ferritic steels with different mechanical properties. An example of this is the joining of low alloy steel (LAS) forged manifold hubs (e.g 8630 or F22) to low hardenability pipelines steels, such as X65). The joint is part of a two stage welding process that simplifies offshore installation. Initially, a weld deposit is made on the forging using a multi-pass ‘buttering’ technique, providing intermediate layers of a suitable material, such as Alloy 625. A postweld heat treatment (PWHT) is applied to the buttered forging, onshore, to temper the hard heat affected zone (HAZ). After machining a bevel into the buttering layer, a closure weld, applied offshore, is employed to join the pipeline to the forging. As the buttering layer and linepipe are not critically hardened by the closure weld, no PWHT is required. To prevent corrosion, subsea systems of this kind, are subjected to cathodic protection, via aluminium based anodes. Whilst successful in protecting the ferritic parts within the manifold structure, a number of high profile failures has been attributed to the evolution and ingress of hydrogen, and its diffusion to, the fusion zone of the dissimilar weld. To investigate the susceptibility of fusion zone microstructures to hydrogen embrittlement, three dissimilar weld samples were fabricated: 8630-Alloy 625, F22-Alloy 625 and F22-309LSi. The latter is not a combination normally used to complete joins of this type. Each specimen was the subject of thermodynamic and kinetic modelling studies using Thermo-Calc™ and Dictra™, with microscopic examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). Nano-scale features were also investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By comparing the fusion zones of the three different joints in both as-welded and heat-treated conditions, the metallurgical aspects relating to hydrogen embrittlement are revealed. The results indicate that precipitates, which form in a zone of carbon diffusion during PWHT, are particularly harmful in the presence of hydrogen. The formation of this hydrogen susceptible region is partly due to the initial solidification structure morphology, the formation of which is also discussed.
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